EP2396830A2 - Three-dimensional photovoltaic generator - Google Patents
Three-dimensional photovoltaic generatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP2396830A2 EP2396830A2 EP10707850A EP10707850A EP2396830A2 EP 2396830 A2 EP2396830 A2 EP 2396830A2 EP 10707850 A EP10707850 A EP 10707850A EP 10707850 A EP10707850 A EP 10707850A EP 2396830 A2 EP2396830 A2 EP 2396830A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic
- transparent
- photovoltaic cells
- generator
- generator according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/055—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02322—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device comprising luminescent members, e.g. fluorescent sheets upon the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a three - dimensional photovoltaic generator (3D), in particular for producing a photovoltaic tower with high photovoltaic efficiency.
- 3D three - dimensional photovoltaic generator
- US Pat. No. 3,912,931 describes a radiant energy amplifier device.
- This patent describes an incident solar energy transfer by wavelength shift towards the range of greater sensitivity of the photocell by optically active dopant (Optically Active Molecules) constituting a stack of doped specialized layers, the emission of one corresponding to the absorption of the other.
- optically active dopant Optically Active Molecules
- US Pat. No. 4,088,508 describes an improvement in which the energy transfer is performed by a doped homogeneous matrix allowing a better electromagnetic conversion efficiency.
- the French patent FR78 08150 describes a homogeneous mixing matrix consisting of COA (Optically Active Crystals) of the "rare earth” type and forming a light cascade emitting in the IR, close to the greater sensitivity of a silicon photocell.
- COA Optically Active Crystals
- US Pat. No. 4,324,946 describes various architectures of planar and / or cylindro-parabolic collectors capable of trapping photons in a light cascading plate and bringing them by waveguide to the photocells arranged on the edge of the luminous cascades. An N-factor electric gain with an equal silicon area is thus obtained.
- the matrix doped luminous cascades is transparent in the visible it can be constituting a window.
- Patent FR9212713 in the name of the Applicant describes a frequency change electromagnetic energy concentrator constituting inter alia an electromagnetic diode particularly applicable to photovoltaic devices of the type "flat collectors" single or multiple optical concentration effect.
- the notion of luminous cascades associated with dichroism is here described for the first time in the literature.
- US Pat. No. 6,570,083 B2 discloses light-cascading and electromagnetic flux variation photovoltaic generators which specifically describe active-encapsulation 2 and 3D generators by collection and frequency shift of incident photons by simple and inverse light cascades (STOKES and anti-STOKES). ).
- the photovoltaic generator according to the invention makes it possible to improve the efficiency of such photovoltaic generators, especially when the sunlight conditions are not optimal. Summary of the invention
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic generator comprising at least one rectangular parallelepiped block, or module, having transparent walls and at least one reflecting wall, as well as photovoltaic cells, characterized in that the walls opposite to the reflecting wall are transparent and comprise optically active dopants transforming the incident solar radiation into a radiation whose spectrum is shifted towards the higher sensitivity range of the photovoltaic cells, and in that at least one wall is coated with a dichroic filter.
- the photovoltaic generator comprises a juxtaposition of blocks, the photovoltaic cells of each block being arranged in parallel planes.
- said parallel planes comprising the photovoltaic cells are oriented with respect to the transparent faces so as to maximize the surface oriented towards sunlight in the middle of the day at the location of the generator.
- the planes of the photovoltaic cells form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the illumination axis.
- the generator further comprises an aerogenerator disposed at the top of a juxtaposition of blocks.
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic farm comprising a plurality of photovoltaic generators according to the invention, distributed to minimize solar masking.
- FIG. 1 a 3D view of an example of a photovoltaic generator according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a 3D view of another example of a photovoltaic generator according to the invention
- Figure 3 a diagram illustrating the principle of light cascades
- FIGS. 4A to 4B are views of an example of a generator according to the invention, integrating an aerogenerator
- FIG. 5 a diagram of an example of a generator according to the invention, integrated in a natural environment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic generator 1 with a block 10, or module.
- the module has a reflecting wall 11 and photovoltaic cells 12.
- the block is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped, the photovoltaic cells (of known type) being arranged in a plane parallel to the reflecting wall 11.
- the other walls of the module, perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic cells or facing it, are transparent in the visible and coated in this example with a luminous cascade material, for transforming the incident solar radiation into a radiation whose spectrum is shifted towards the range greater cell sensitivity photovoltaic, and a low-pass dichroic coating.
- the principle of the light cascades is explained in FIG. 3.
- the curve 31 represents the energy curve of the black body at 6000 K
- the curve 32 illustrates the solar radiation outside the atmosphere (AMO)
- the curve 33 illustrates the solar radiation at the level of From the sea (AMl)
- the curve 34 illustrates the solar radiation at sea level taking into account the absorption due to water vapor as well as the presence of certain gases (AMl, 5)
- curve 35 illustrates the spectral response of a silicon photovoltaic cell
- the curves 37 to 39 illustrate the absorption and emission curves of three photoluminescent charges of absorption peaks respectively ⁇ a l, ⁇ a 2, ⁇ a 3 and emission peaks respectively ⁇ e l, ⁇ e 2 , ⁇ e 3, where the emission of the first corresponding to the absorption of the second, and the emission of the second corresponding to the absorption of the third, hence the term light cascade, making it possible to mobilize in the wavelength range of greater sensitivity of silicon solar cells for example, the maximum electromagnetic energy by frequency shift of the incident solar spectrum.
- the maximum energy emission peaks of the sun at AM1 or AMO are at 365 and 450 nm, in the UV and the blue, whereas the peak of maximum sensitivity of the Si (N + P) solar cells for example, is located around 900 nm.
- solar cells have a conversion power of only 25 and 50% of their maximum potential. The photons incident in these solar bands of higher energy are thus transformed for a large part of them, in heat, thus heating up the batteries and by decreasing proportionally the yield. So we see everything the interest that can be drawn, initially, the transfer of photons of higher frequency (wavelength ⁇ i between 365 and 440nm) in low frequency (wavelength ⁇ e between 800 and 900nm).
- a PMMA-polymethyl methacrylate-type matrix is then produced which is then doped with optically active dopants, optically active molecules, for example of aromatic cyclic type, the number of nuclei of which determines the absorption wavelengths. and emission.
- the light cascades as implemented in the generator according to the invention absorb light in the range 300 to 700 nanometers, and reemit at a wavelength of about 950 nanometers.
- the modules of the type described in Figure 1 are juxtaposed, as shown in Figure 2 for example, to form large structures, such as photovoltaic conversion towers.
- the generator 1 of FIG. 2 comprises a juxtaposition of two modules 20 and 21.
- the photovoltaic cells of each block are arranged in parallel planes, respectively denoted 23, 24.
- walls for receiving sunlight are transparent, coated with a luminous cascade material and a dichroic coating passes low, to cut the radiation for example above 950 nm.
- the parallel planes comprising the photovoltaic cells can be oriented with respect to the transparent faces so as to maximize the surface oriented towards sunlight in the middle of the day at the location of the installation. generator.
- FIGs 4 and 5 illustrate two examples of photovoltaic generators or towers formed by juxtaposition of modules as described for example with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
- the generator 40 of FIG. 4A comprises a juxtaposition of modules 41 to 46, for example of the type described in FIG. 1, arranged on a base 46, and forming a pylon structure.
- the generator 40 also comprises a ventilation system 47 for forming an aerogenerator.
- the lower part of the pylon is for example of prismatic or square section (see the FF section of a module shown in FIG. 4B), and the upper part is advantageously of circular section (FIG. 4C) for aerodynamic reasons (to avoid turbulent regimes near the wind turbine).
- the section FF (FIG. 4B) shows the structure elements 48 of the pylon and the photovoltaic cells 49.
- the invention thus makes it possible to produce photovoltaic towers, an example of which is shown in FIG. 5.
- the tower 50 of FIG. 5 comprises a juxtaposition of modules 51a to 51f, for example of the type of FIG. 1.
- the towers are distributed in the field so as to minimize the effects of light masking.
- Free spaces between towers facilitate maintenance and accessibility of equipment, and can also be used for other purposes.
- An advantage of a photovoltaic tower according to the invention is in particular to obtain a COS (occupancy factor of the ground) greater than 2, the surface of the photovoltaic cells being at least twice as large as that of the bulk of the tower on the ground. Moreover, thanks to the surface of the walls coated with luminous cascade material and dichroic coating, perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cells, it is possible to increase the collection area of photons with respect to the surface of the photovoltaic cells, thus making it possible to reduce the expansion coefficient of the cells, that is to increase the amount of photoelectric energy produced with equal silicon area.
- the double-glazed bay according to the invention comprises various variants, modifications and improvements which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, it being understood that these different variants, modifications and improvements are within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0900635A FR2942075B1 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2009-02-12 | OPTO PV 3D GENERATORS |
PCT/EP2010/051807 WO2010092157A2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2010-02-12 | Three-dimensional photovoltaic generator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2396830A2 true EP2396830A2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
Family
ID=41091777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10707850A Ceased EP2396830A2 (en) | 2009-02-12 | 2010-02-12 | Three-dimensional photovoltaic generator |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120090662A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2396830A2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2942075B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010092157A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140069486A1 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-13 | Scuint Corporation | Multi-Layer Photovoltaic Device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3125620A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-13 | Imchemie Kunststoff Gmbh, 5632 Wermelskirchen | Window, in particular domelight |
US20020074035A1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2002-06-20 | Philippe Gravisse | Photovoltaic generators with light cascade and varying electromagnetic flux |
US20080245411A1 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2008-10-09 | Basf Se | Fluorescent Solar Conversion Cells Based on Fluorescent Terylene Dyes |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2246078B1 (en) | 1973-06-15 | 1978-03-17 | Rech Innov Conv Bric Bureau | |
US3976508A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-08-24 | Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation | Tubular solar cell devices |
FR2346858A1 (en) | 1976-03-31 | 1977-10-28 | Gravisse Philippe | RADIANT ENERGY AMPLIFIER DEVICE |
FR2419525A1 (en) | 1978-03-09 | 1979-10-05 | Gravisse Philippe | SOLAR RADIATION CONCENTRATOR |
DE2926191A1 (en) * | 1978-07-04 | 1980-01-17 | Yissum Res Dev Co | SOLAR PANEL |
DE2833914C2 (en) * | 1978-08-02 | 1981-10-15 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Device for collecting light and method of making such a device |
US5816238A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1998-10-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Durable fluorescent solar collectors |
US20050051208A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-03-10 | Mount Robert L. | System for transferring heat in a thermoelectric generator system |
US20060107993A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-25 | General Electric Company | Building element including solar energy converter |
-
2009
- 2009-02-12 FR FR0900635A patent/FR2942075B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-02-12 WO PCT/EP2010/051807 patent/WO2010092157A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-02-12 EP EP10707850A patent/EP2396830A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-02-12 US US13/201,159 patent/US20120090662A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3125620A1 (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-13 | Imchemie Kunststoff Gmbh, 5632 Wermelskirchen | Window, in particular domelight |
US20020074035A1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2002-06-20 | Philippe Gravisse | Photovoltaic generators with light cascade and varying electromagnetic flux |
US20080245411A1 (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2008-10-09 | Basf Se | Fluorescent Solar Conversion Cells Based on Fluorescent Terylene Dyes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2010092157A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2942075B1 (en) | 2011-08-05 |
WO2010092157A3 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
US20120090662A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
WO2010092157A2 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
FR2942075A1 (en) | 2010-08-13 |
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