EP2393088B1 - Methode zum Überspannungsschutz von Gleichstromkreisen mit Strom von Dutzenden von Ampère, vorzugsweise von photovoltaischen Stromquellen, und entsprechende Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Methode zum Überspannungsschutz von Gleichstromkreisen mit Strom von Dutzenden von Ampère, vorzugsweise von photovoltaischen Stromquellen, und entsprechende Vorrichtung Download PDF

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EP2393088B1
EP2393088B1 EP10164827.7A EP10164827A EP2393088B1 EP 2393088 B1 EP2393088 B1 EP 2393088B1 EP 10164827 A EP10164827 A EP 10164827A EP 2393088 B1 EP2393088 B1 EP 2393088B1
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Prior art keywords
varistor
moving
current
electric
current path
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French (fr)
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EP2393088A1 (de
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Jozef Cernicka
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Kiwa Sk Sro
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Kiwa Sk SRO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the method of overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents up to tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric energy, where a device for overvoltage protection is electrically connected to the direct-current electrical circuit, the device for overvoltage protection has a current path, in the current path is electrically connected at least one varistor, the current path contains a fixed element and a moving element, the fixed element is by soldered joint electrically connected to the moving element, the soldered joint creates point of intentional cutting off the current path between the fixed element and the moving element, the device further contains a spring-loaded moving action member assigned to the moving element the soldered joint in point and the spring-loaded moving action member creates a thermal initiated cut-out mechanism, whereas the soldered joint melts by heat generated by passing of electric direct current through the varistor or through the fixed element, the soldered joint and the moving element and the spring-loaded moving action member executes intentional cutting off the current path, during the intentional cutting off an air gap between the fixed element and moving element
  • the invention relates to a device for overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric current, which comprises a contacts for connection the device to the protected circuit, between the contacts a current path is arranged, in which is connected at least one varistor with an electrode, whereas the current path between the electrode and one of the contacts contains a fixed element and a moving element, the fixed element and the moving element are electrically connected by a soldered joint, the soldered joint creates a point of intentional cutting off the current path, to the moving element is assigned a spring-loaded moving action member of a thermally initiated cut-out mechanism , the spring-loaded moving action member applies a force to the moving element in direction parallel with plane of the said soldered joint, the spring-loaded moving action member is adapted for creation and gradually enlarging of an air gap between the fixed element and the moving element after melting of the soldered joint.
  • the document DE 10 2007 015 933 discloses the device for overvoltage protection of photovoltaic sources of direct-current electrical circuits, which comprises between the terminals for connection to protected circuit an inserted switched discharger and cutting-off discharger. Parallel to both dischargers between the terminals for connection to protected circuit there is connected a non-linear resistance element, which in the represented example of embodiment is formed of a pair of varistors.
  • the device further comprises a control circuit working as a co-ordinating and supervising unit and comprising a number of further parts.
  • WO 2010/106411 WO2007/017736 , WO 2008/104824 and further documents there are known the devices for overvoltage protection, which use varistors as non-linear resistance elements. These devices are built-in into a unified box installed on a standard unified installation slat. Inner space of the box usable for mounting of all necessary elements is considerably restricted.
  • the box comprises contacts for connection to protected electrical circuit. Between contacts in the box there is arranged the current path, in which at least one varistor or a group of parallel connected varistors is connected.
  • Contacts of varistor are flat, while one contact of varistor is electrically conductively coupled with one contact of the device for overvoltage protection, and the second contact of varistor is on its surface connected by means of a solder with opposite surface of the first end of flexible electrically conductive means, through which a point of intentional cutting off the current path is created.
  • the flexible electrically conductive means is with its second end electrically conductively coupled with second contact of the device for overvoltage protection.
  • the spring-loaded moving element is assigned, which to the first end of the electrically conductive means develops a force F in direction parallel with solder connected surfaces of the second contact of varistor and the first end of flexible electrically conductive means.
  • Known is also device for overvoltage protection which comprises the current path with point of intentional cutting off, which is performed as a change-over switch of the current path between the branch with varistor and the short-circuit branch with a fuse cut-out, when in initial status the current path is lead through the branch with varistor.
  • the goal of the invention is to remove or at least minimise shortcomings of the background art at direct-current electrical circuits, especially at photovoltaic sources of electric current, at which in case of a short circuit of varistor the flowing currents achieve the values of even tens of amperes.
  • the goal of the invention has been achieved through the method of overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric current, as defined in claim 1.
  • This invention enables in simple and price affordable means to realise a safe cutting off the current path in the device for overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric current, this both at values of current under 10 A even above 10 A, which meets the requirements of praxis and requirements of the draft (DRAFT) of the norm prEN 50539-11.
  • Another advantage is that only for a short time of heating the current path in a point "X" the electric current flows through the device for overvoltage protection and the protected circuit e.g. the photovoltaic source of electric current after cutting off the current path is fully functional.
  • Another advantage is, that it is not necessary to insert into the current path of the device for overvoltage protection a fuse for direct current as it is in the background art, because the fuse for direct current including the holder is relatively expensive, so that the invention enables besides also to reduce price of the device for overvoltage protection.
  • Another advantage is that the capacitor for the whole service life of the device for overvoltage protection without voltage, through which its voltage loadability for the whole period of service life of the device for overvoltage protection is preserved. Voltage on the capacitor is acting only from the moment of cutting off the current path in the point X till the moment the varistor insertion is replaced.
  • the invention is schematically represented in the drawing where the Fig. 1 shows a ground plan of one device for overvoltage protection, the Fig. 1a an example of another arrangement of the device for overvoltage protection, the Fig. 2 exemplary embodiment of the point X of intentional cutting off the current path of the device for overvoltage protection with parallel assigned capacitor, the Fig. 3a to 3d an exemplary embodiment of the point X with parallel assigned capacitor and a temporary serial resistance and the individual phases of concurrence of these elements and the Fig. 4 a time course of electric voltage and of electric current at the method according to the invention.
  • the method of overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric current consists in that the current path is cut off in a place of intentional cutting off the current path, at the same time at this cutting off the conditions unfavourable for occurrence of uncontrolled electric arc are created, so that in the moment when between the current path elements being disconnected a nonzero interval is created, value of electric current in the point of cutting off is limited, by which occurrence of uncontrolled electric arc between the current path elements being disconnected is prevented.
  • the value of electric current in the point of cutting off is limited due to increase of voltage through rerouting the flow of electric current to parallel current path formed of capacitor (condenser or a group of condensers).
  • the capacitor at moment of creation of the nonzero interval between the current path elements being disconnected represents only a minor electric resistance, because the voltage on capacitor corresponds to the status before creation of the nonzero interval between the current path elements being disconnected and it is being increased in dependence on capacity of the capacitor and the value of current.
  • Speed of mutual shifting away the current path elements being disconnected is so high, that the breakdown strength of air gap between the mutually shifting away elements of the current path being disconnected increases quicker than voltage on the capacitor, which increases due to charging the capacitor by a incoming electric charge from the rerouting flow of electric current, and this voltage grows up to the height of maximum voltage of the source of the direct-current electric current.
  • Such behaviour of the device for overvoltage protection may be achieved by a suitable structure of the device for overvoltage protection with respective dimensioning of individual elements.
  • Exemplary embodiment of the device for overvoltage protection of direct-current electrical circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of electric current comprises the box 0, in which individual functional elements of the device for overvoltage protection are built-in.
  • the device for overvoltage protection comprises contacts 00 for connection of electric conductors of protected circuit. Between the contacts 00 there is in the box 0 arranged the current path, in which as a protective element at least one non-linear resistance element is integrated, for example varistor 1 or a group of parallel integrated varistors 1 .
  • the point X of intentional cutting off the current path is arranged.
  • the point X in the represented example of embodiment is performed in the contact place of the upper surface of the lower electrode (fixed element) 10 of varistor 1 and of the lower surface of the first end of flexible electric conductor (moving element) 11. Both these contact surfaces are connected by means of solder 12.
  • Function of cutting off the current path in the point X is realised by means of thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3, which is assigned to the point X, and which in the represented example of embodiment is formed of a spring loaded moving action member, which on the flexible electric conductor 11 develops the force F in direction parallel with upper surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 and with lower surface of the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11.
  • the force F is either developed directly in direction parallel with upper surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 and with lower surface of the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 or it acts in this direction, e.g. thanks to production deviations etc., as a component of totally acting force.
  • the force F after melting the solder 12 as a result of increased temperature of varistor pushes off the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 from the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 by a shearing action on the molten solder 12, i.e. by sliding motion of the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 on the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1, so that the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 at the moment of creation of nonzero interval between it and the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 already develops a relatively high speed.
  • Solder 12 is molten and the thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 is initiated by means of a heat, which is partly developed by a non-linear resistance element (varistor 1 ) integrated in the current path, and which is also developed by passage of electric current through the current path.
  • a heat which is partly developed by a non-linear resistance element (varistor 1 ) integrated in the current path, and which is also developed by passage of electric current through the current path.
  • Thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 is coupled with means for optical and/or remote signalling of status of the device for overvoltage protection.
  • the device is provided with swing lever 4, which is coupled with thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3.
  • the auxiliary electric conductor 13 which has distinctly higher electric resistance, than the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 and a flexible electric conductor 11 have, e.g. it is formed of a strip made of stainless steel of a small thickness.
  • the auxiliary electric conductor 13 runs along the lower surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 up to a free space in distance A from the edge of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1, where it finishes with a contact edge 130 situated in a free space behind the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 outside the contact with flexible electric conductor 11. At the same time the distance A is smaller than the length of the first end of flexible electric conductor 11.
  • Capacitor 16 is parallel to the current path through the point X connected between the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 and the non-moving section of the flexible electric conductor 11. still after the first end of flexible electric conductor 11.
  • the Fig. 3a represents full functioning status of the device for overvoltage protection without occurrence of a failure status.
  • Solder 12 is in a solid status and holds the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 and the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 together.
  • the capacitor 16 shows voltage U 0 .
  • the Fig. 3b represents the status when solder 12 has already been molten and the spring-loaded moving action member of thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 has already begun to push off the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 in direction of actioning the force F parallel with surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1.
  • the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11 moves in gradually increasing speed, at the same time it is still in electric contact with the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 and it newly has entered into electric contact with contact edge 130 of auxiliary electric conductor 13.
  • the capacitor 16 shows voltage U 01 .
  • the Fig. 3c represents status when the spring-loaded moving action member of thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 has already pushed off the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11 in a still increasing speed parallel with surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 totally outside electric contact with lower electrode 10 of varistor 1, nevertheless the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 remains in electric contact with contact edge 130 of auxiliary electric conductor 13.
  • the capacitor 16 shows voltage U 2 .
  • the Fig. 3d represents status of total cutting off the current path of the device for overvoltage protection in the point X, when the spring-loaded moving action member of thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 has pushed off the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11 totally outside electric contact with contact edge 130 of the auxiliary electric conductor 13.
  • the capacitor 16 shows voltage U 3 .
  • Function of the device according to the Fig. 2 is so that, once overvoltage occurs, this is eliminated by passage of electric current through varistor 1, which is thus being warmed by which also the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 becomes warm.
  • the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 reaches the temperature for melting the solder 12, this becomes molten and releases motion of the spring-loaded moving action member of the thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 in direction parallel with surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1.
  • the spring-loaded moving action member starts gradually with increasing speed in sliding manner to shift the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11 on surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 , while thanks to molten solder 12 , electric current still passes between the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 and the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 .
  • this first end of flexible electric conductor 11 at the moment of creation of the mentioned nonzero interval reaches still a sufficient speed of its motion, so that at its further shifting away from the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 the interval being created increases, and with it also its breakdown strength quicker than the voltage is increased on capacitor 16, which (voltage on the capacitor 16) increases due to charging the capacitor 16 by the incoming electric charge from the re-routed flow of electric current. This voltage on capacitor 16 increases till the value of maximum voltage of the source of electric direct-current.
  • the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 warms to the temperature for melting the solder 12, this gets molten and releases motion of the spring loaded moving action member of thermal initiated cut-out mechanism 3 in direction parallel with surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 .
  • the spring loaded moving action member starts gradually in an increasing speed to shift the first end of flexible electric conductor 11 on surface of the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1, at the same time thanks to the molten solder 12 between the mutually moving elements of the current path, i.e. between the first end of the flexible electric conductor 11 and the lower electrode 10 of varistor 1 electric current is still passing.
  • the invention is applicable at overvoltage protection of direct current electric circuits with currents even in tens of amperes, especially of photovoltaic sources of direct current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Überspannungsschutz von Gleichstromkreisen mit den Strömen auch in einigen Zehnen von A, insbesondere von Photovoltaikquellen der elektrischen Energie, bei dem eine Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung an einen Gleichstromkreis elektrisch anschließbar ist, die Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung eine Strombahn aufweist, in der Strombahn mindestens ein Varistor (1) elektrisch angeschlossen ist, die Strombahn ein stationäres Element (10) eines Varistors (1) und ein bewegliches Element (11) aufweist, das stationäre Element (10) durch eine Lötverbindung (12) mit dem beweglichen Element elektrisch verbunden ist, die Lötverbindung eine Stelle (X) zu einer beabsichtigten Entkopplung der Strombahn zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element aufweist, die Einrichtung weist weiter ein abgefedertes bewegliches Aktionsglied auf, das dem beweglichen Element (11) zugeordnet ist, die Lötverbindung in der Stelle (X) und das abfederte bewegliche Aktionsglied bilden einen temperaturinitiierten Entkopplungsmechanismus (3), in dem die Lötverbindung in der Stelle (X) durch die Wärme verschmolzen wird, die durch den Durchgang eines Gleichstromes über Varistor (1) oder über stationäres Element, Lötverbindung und bewegliches Element generiert wird, wobei das abgefederte bewegliche Aktionsglied mit einer Kraft (F) auf das bewegliche Element (11) in solcher Richtung wirkt, die mit der oberen Seite des stationären Elementes (10) des Varistors (1) und mit der unteren Seite des beweglichen Elementes (11) parallel laufend ist, die Kraft (F) nach dem Verschmelzen der Lötverbindung (12) infolge einer erhöhten Temperatur des Varistors (1) das bewegliche Element (11) vom stationären Element (10) des Varistors (1) durch eine Schiebbewegung des beweglichen Elementes (11) auf dem stationären Element (10) des Varistors (1) wegdrückt, das abgefederte bewegliche Aktionsglied eine beabsichtigte Entkopplung der Strombahn in der Stelle (X) ausübt, während der beabsichtigten Entkopplung ein Luftspalt zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element gebildet wird und dieser kontinuierlich größer wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der beabsichtigten Entkopplung der Strombahn in der Stelle (X) der Gleichstromwert in der Stelle der Entkopplung durch eine Umlenkung des Gleichstromflusses in eine parallel laufende Strombahn (15) begrenzt wird, die durch einen Kapazitor (16) gebildet wird, während sich das bewegliche Element bei der Bildung und Vergrößerung des Luftspaltes mit so hoher Geschwindigkeit bewegt, dass die Durchschlagfestigkeit des gleichzeitig zu bildenden und kontinuierlich sich vergrößernden Luftspaltes zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element schneller wächst, als das Wachstum der Spannung auf dem Kapazitor (16) ist, die Spannung auf dem Kapazitor (16) durch die Ladung des Kapazitors (16) mit einer elektrischen Ladung wächst, die aus dem umgelenkten Gleichstromfluss kommt, und diese Spannung bis in die Höhe der Maximalspannung einer Gleichstromquelle steigt und so der Entstehung eines nicht kontrollierten elektrischen Bogens zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element vorbeugt.
  2. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Bildung und Vergrößerung des Luftspaltes zwischen das stationäre Element und das bewegliche Element ein vorübergehender Widerstandselement (13) mit einem höheren elektrischen Widerstand als beim stationären und beweglichen Element (10, 11) zur Erhöhung einer Flussumverteilung des elektrischen Stromes zwischen der Stelle (X) und der parallel laufenden Strombahn (15) mit einem Kapazitor (16) vorübergehend angeschlossen wird.
  3. Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung von Gleichstromkreisen mit den Strömen auch in einigen Zehnen von A, insbesondere von Photovoltaikquellen der elektrischen Energie, die Kontakte (00) zum elektrischen Anschluss der Einrichtung an geschützten Kreis aufweist, zwischen Kontakten (00) ist eine Strombahn angeordnet, in der mindestens ein Varistor (1) mit einem stationären Element (10) geschaltet ist, die Strombahn weist zwischen dem stationären Element (10) und einem der Kontakte (00) ein bewegliches Element (11) auf, das stationäre Element und das bewegliche Element sind durch eine Lötverbindung (12) elektrisch verbunden, die Lötverbindung (12) bildet eine Stelle (X) zu einer beabsichtigten Entkopplung der Strombahn zwischen dem stationären Element (10) und dem beweglichen Element (11), dem beweglichen Element ist ein abgefedertes bewegliches Aktionsglied zugeordnet, die Lötverbindung (12) in der Stelle (X) und das abgefederte bewegliche Aktionsglied bilden temperaturinitiierte Entkopplungseinrichtung (3), wo die Lötverbindung (12) in der Stelle (X) durch die Wärme verschmolzen wird, die durch einen Durchgang vom Gleichstrom durch Varistor (1) oder stationäres Element (10), Lötverbindung (12) und bewegliches Element (11) generiert wird, das abfederte bewegliche Aktionsglied übt Kraft (F) auf das bewegliche Element in der mit der oberen Seite des stationären Elementes (10) des Varistors (1) und mit der unteren Seite des beweglichen Elementes (11) parallel laufenden Richtung auf, die Kraft (F) nach dem Verschmelzen der Lötverbindung (12) drückt infolge einer erhöhten Temperatur des Varistors (1) das bewegliche Element (11) von dem stationären Element (10) des Varistors (1) durch eine Schiebbewegung des beweglichen Elementes (11) auf dem stationären Element (10) des Varistors (1) weg, das abgefederte bewegliche Aktionsglied ist zur Bildung und kontinuierlichen Vergrößerung eines Luftspaltes zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element nach dem Verschmelzen der Lötverbindung in der Stelle (X) angepasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strombahn über die Stelle (X) eine parallel laufende Strombahn (15) zugeordnet ist, in der ein Kapazitor (16) geschaltet ist, das abgefederte bewegliche Aktionsglied so abgefedert ist, dass es mit dem beweglichen Element mit so hoher Geschwindigkeit bewegt, dass die Durchschlagfestigkeit des zu bildenden und sich kontinuierlich vergrößernden Luftspaltes schneller wächst, als das Wachstum der Spannung auf dem Kapazitor (16) ist, die durch die Ladung des Kapazitors (16) mit einer elektrischen Ladung wächst, die aus dem umgelenkten Gleichstromfluss kommt, und diese Spannung bis in die Höhe einer Maximalspannung einer Gleichstromquelle wächst und so der Entstehung eines nicht kontrollierten elektrischen Bogens zwischen dem stationären Element und dem beweglichen Element vorbeugt.
  4. Einrichtung nach dem Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die parallel laufende Strombahn (15) mit dem Kapazitor (16) zwischen das stationäre Element (10) eines Varistors (1) und das bewegliche Element (11) geschaltet ist.
  5. Einrichtung nach dem Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stelle (X) einer beabsichtigten Entkopplung der Strombahn ein vorübergehender Reihenwiderstand zugeordnet ist.
  6. Einrichtung nach dem Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stelle (X) einer beabsichtigten Entkopplung der Strombahn ein vorübergehender Reihenwiderstand zugeordnet ist, der ein elektrischer Hilfsleiter (13) ist, der an einem seiner Enden mit dem stationären Element (10) eines Varistors (1) elektrisch verbunden ist und an seinem anderen Ende eine Kontaktkante (130) aufweist, die im Abstand (A) von dem stationären Element (10) situiert ist, der Abstand (A) kleiner als die Länge des beweglichen Elementes (11) ist.
  7. Einrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Hilfsleiter (13) durch einen Stahlstreifen aus einem rostfreien Stahl mit einer kleinen Stärke gebildet wird.
  8. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem elektrischen Hilfsleiter (13) und dem stationären Element (10) eines Varistors (1) mit Ausnahme der Anschlussstelle des elektrischen Hilfsleiters (13) ans stationäre Element (10) eines Varistors (1), eine elektrische Isolation (14) angebracht ist.
EP10164827.7A 2010-06-03 2010-06-03 Methode zum Überspannungsschutz von Gleichstromkreisen mit Strom von Dutzenden von Ampère, vorzugsweise von photovoltaischen Stromquellen, und entsprechende Vorrichtung Active EP2393088B1 (de)

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CZ20100440A CZ2010440A3 (cs) 2010-06-03 2010-06-03 Zpusob prepetové ochrany stejnosmerných elektrických obvodu s proudy i v desítkách A, zejména fotovoltaických zdroju elektrického proudu a zarízení pro prepetovou ochranu stejnosmerných elektrických obvodu s proudy i v desítkách A, zejména fotovoltai

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EP2393088A1 (de) 2011-12-07
CZ2010440A3 (cs) 2011-12-14

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