EP2392057B1 - Overvoltage conductor - Google Patents

Overvoltage conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2392057B1
EP2392057B1 EP10701520A EP10701520A EP2392057B1 EP 2392057 B1 EP2392057 B1 EP 2392057B1 EP 10701520 A EP10701520 A EP 10701520A EP 10701520 A EP10701520 A EP 10701520A EP 2392057 B1 EP2392057 B1 EP 2392057B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
electrically conductive
surge arrester
insulating
arrester according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP10701520A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2392057A1 (en
Inventor
Gero Zimmermann
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TDK Electronics AG
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Epcos AG
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Publication of EP2392057A1 publication Critical patent/EP2392057A1/en
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Publication of EP2392057B1 publication Critical patent/EP2392057B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/02—Details

Definitions

  • FR-A-2432763 discloses a surge arrester, comprising a housing comprising at least one tubular insulating body with at least two electrodes, wherein on the inside and outside of the Isolierkorpers at least in some areas an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer is arranged.
  • An object to be solved is to provide a surge arrester which has a fast response.
  • a surge arrester having a preferably gas-tight housing.
  • the housing of the surge arrester has at least one gas-filled, preferably tubular insulating body which comprises at least two electrodes.
  • the electrodes of the surge arrester are preferably arranged at a distance from one another.
  • On the inside of the insulating body a sequence of a plurality of material layers is arranged at least in spaced-apart or in a contiguous region, which sequence is referred to below as a layer sequence.
  • the layer sequence comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer, at least one electrically conductive layer and at least one insulating layer.
  • the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer is used to lower the ignition voltage of the surge arrester and is also referred to as a primer.
  • the layer sequence of at least one electrically conductive layer, an insulating layer and at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer Due to the layer sequence of at least one electrically conductive layer, an insulating layer and at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, a distortion of the applied between the electrodes of the surge arrester electric field is caused.
  • the field distortion preferably leads to a field increase in the end regions of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • the end regions are preferably at least in the vicinity of at least one electrode of the surge arrester.
  • the surge arrester Due to the layer sequence arranged on the inside of the insulating body, the surge arrester has a very fast response time due to the increase in field in the end regions of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • the at least one insulating layer is arranged between the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and the electrically conductive layer.
  • the layers may also have any other possible layer sequence in one embodiment.
  • the insulating layer has the smallest possible thickness, so that the distance between an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and an electrically conductive layer is minimized.
  • the insulating layer preferably has a thickness between 0.1 and 5 mm. In a preferred Embodiment, the insulating layer has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the electrically conductive layer preferably has at least two subregions spaced apart from one another, which are arranged next to one another perpendicular to the stacking direction of the layers.
  • the spaced-apart portions of the electrically conductive layer are designed such that each of the portions of the electrically conductive layer each having a preferably direct electrical contact with one of the electrodes of the surge arrester. It is also possible for the sections of the electrically conductive layer to have contact with the electrodes of the surge arrester via an additional electrical conductor. Preferably, the subregions of the electrically conductive layer have the same electrical potential as the respective contacted electrodes of the surge arrester.
  • the at least two subregions of the electrically conductive layer have the same size. However, it is also possible that the subregions of the electrically conductive layer have different sizes.
  • the electrically conductive layer is applied in one embodiment on the insulating layer. Preferably, the electrically conductive layer extends over at least one surface of the insulating layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer is divided into at least two subregions which are isolated from each other.
  • the electrically conductive layer has the shape of at least two cylinders spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. In one embodiment, the at least two cylinders of electrically conductive layer are applied to the outside of the insulating layer.
  • the portions may have any other shape suitable for causing distortion of the electric field in the region of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer.
  • the insulating layer comprises a glass or a ceramic.
  • the insulating layer may also comprise other suitable electrically insulating materials.
  • the insulating layer is in the shape of a cylinder.
  • the insulating layer may be in the form of a strip.
  • the layer of electrically conductive or semiconductive material is preferably used for lowering the ignition voltage of the surge arrester and is referred to as Zündstrich or strips.
  • the strips preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. In one embodiment, a plurality of these ignition strips or ignition strips may be arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester.
  • the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer is preferably of the Electrodes of the surge arrester spaced and has no direct electrical contact with these.
  • the layer of electrically conductive or semiconducting material contains graphite.
  • the layer of electrically conductive or semiconductive material extends in its greatest extent parallel to the longitudinal axis of the surge arrester.
  • the layer of electrically conductive or semiconducting material may also be subdivided into a plurality of spaced-apart regions.
  • the layer sequence of electrically conductive or semiconducting material, an insulating layer and a conductive layer can be applied directly to the inside of the insulating body.
  • at least one electrically conductive layer is applied directly on the inside of the insulating body.
  • On the arranged on the inside of the insulating electrically conductive layer is followed by at least one layer of insulating material, which includes, for example, glass and / or ceramic.
  • at least one region of electrically conductive or semiconductive material is applied to at least one layer of insulating material.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart regions of electrically conductive or semiconductive material are applied to the insulating layer.
  • the layer sequence comprises at least one separate component, which is inserted into the interior of the insulating body of the surge arrester.
  • the outer dimensions of the separate component preferably correspond to the dimensions of the interior of the diverter body.
  • the separate component can also consist of a plurality of composite individual components, which are arranged individually or assembled in the interior of the insulating body.
  • the at least one separately inserted component comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and at least one insulating layer. At least one electrically conductive layer is arranged separately on the inside of the insulating body in this embodiment.
  • the component is inserted in recesses on the inside of the insulating body, wherein the recesses correspond in a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the inserted components.
  • the depressions may also have larger dimensions.
  • the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer has the form of a stripe, wherein the primer serves for the field emission of charge carriers.
  • the ignition voltage of a surge arrester usually increases significantly with the slope of the applied voltage ramp. Particularly unfavorable is the ratio of dynamic ignition voltage to static ignition voltage in arresters with ignition voltage values below 100 V.
  • the field emission of charge carriers from the graphite ignition strips usually present is only very weak.
  • the weak field emission of charge carriers limits the possible applications, especially in the telecom sector.
  • the use in lightning protection applications, where a low static response voltage is required at the same time good dynamic behavior is limited.
  • a surge arrester as described above has a very fast response since the layer sequence applied to the inside of the arrester results in targeted distortion and significant increase in the electric field in the region of the ignition strips.
  • the layer sequence applied to the inside of the arrester results in targeted distortion and significant increase in the electric field in the region of the ignition strips.
  • FIG. 1 schematically an embodiment of a layer sequence 4 is shown as settlement.
  • the layer sequence 4 comprises an insulating layer 7, on the underside of which two spaced-apart electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'of an electrically conductive layer 6 are applied.
  • the sections of the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 are so-called "ignition marks".
  • the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer 5 preferably contains graphite.
  • the "ignition strips” can also have any other suitable shape or even cover larger areal areas.
  • the regions of electrically conductive or semiconductive material 5 preferably have their greatest extent in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester.
  • the layer sequence 4 is arranged on the inside of the insulating body of a surge arrester.
  • the FIG. 2 shows a layer sequence 4, which is designed as a separate component 9.
  • the component 9 has a cylindrical body in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the shape of the component 9 is determined mainly by the shape of the layer 7 of insulating material.
  • the insulating layer 7 comprises at least ceramic and / or glass.
  • two spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of an electrically conductive layer 6 are applied, which extend around the entire circumference of the cylindrical insulating layer 7.
  • the spaced-apart portions 8, 8 'each extend to the ends of the cylinder.
  • electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'on the end faces of the cylindrical insulating Layer 6, has the inserted into a surge arrester member 9, thus preferably a direct contact of the electrically conductive portions 8, 8 'to electrodes of the surge arrester.
  • the electrically conductive layers 8, 8' thus preferably have the same electrical potentials as the respective contacted electrode of the surge arrester.
  • the illustrated component 9 is preferably intended to be used in the interior of a surge arrester. It is advantageous if the outer diameter of the component 9 corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the insulating body 1 of the arrester. Preferably, the length of the component 9 corresponds to the length of the free space available in the insulating body 1.
  • the arrester with insulating body 1 is not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity.
  • the electrically conductive layer 6 may also be applied separately on the inside of the insulating body 1 of the arrester.
  • the component 9 comprises the insulating layer 7 and the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 in the form of the "ignition marks".
  • the layer sequence 4 has the form of separate strips.
  • the strips comprise at least one strip-shaped element of insulating layer 7 with a region of an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 arranged on this strip as a "primer".
  • the electrically conductive layer 6 is arranged in recesses 10 in the interior 2 of the insulating body 1 of the arrester.
  • the insulating body 1 has a plurality of circularly spaced depressions 10.
  • the electrically conductive layer 6 has in the darg Robinsonen embodiment, two spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the arrester portions 8, 8 '.
  • the spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 each have a direct contact with the closest electrode 2 of the surge arrester.
  • the strips of the insulating layer 7 with the applied "ignition marks" are inserted or inserted as separate elements in the recesses 10.
  • the layer 6 of electrically conductive material may also already be applied to the inserted strips of insulating layer 7 and "primer".
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a further embodiment in which the layer sequence 4 is applied to the inside of an insulating body 1 of the arrester.
  • the spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 are applied directly to the inside of the insulating body 1.
  • the areas 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 In the illustrated embodiment, they preferably extend laterally as far as the respective end regions of the insulating body 1, so that there is direct electrical contact with the electrodes of the arrester.
  • a layer of insulating material 7 is arranged over the electrically conductive layer 6, a layer of insulating material 7 is arranged.
  • the insulating layer 7 preferably covers the entire inner surface of the insulating body 1 of the arrester.
  • strip-shaped "ignition strips” of an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 are applied in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the "ignition marks” preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the arrester.
  • the “ignition marks” in the longitudinal direction of the arrester extend so far that their ends at least partially overlap with the areas 8, 8 ', wherein the areas 8, 8' and the "ignition marks” by the interposed insulating layer 5 no direct electrical contact to each other.
  • FIG. 5b shows equipotential lines of the electric field in a 2-electrode surge arrester, in which on the inside of the insulating body 1, only an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer 5 is applied as a "primer". Due to the lack of insulating layer and the spaced apart portions of the electrically conductive layer, no significant increase in the electric field at the ends of the "ignition marks" takes place.
  • the equipotential lines at the ends of the "primer” are compared to the equipotential lines in FIG FIG. 5a further apart. In the case of a conventional surge arrester, there is thus no significant increase in the electric field in the region of the ends of the "ignition line".
  • the individual partial layers of the layer sequence each have a plurality of individual layers or that the layer sequence has a plurality of laterally spaced-apart partial regions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A surge arrester includes a housing with a tubular insulating body and at least two electrodes. A layer sequence includes at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer, at least one electrically conductive layer and at least one insulating layer and is arranged at least in sub-areas on the inside of the insulating body.

Description

Aus der Druckschrift DE 2431236 A ist ein Überspannungsableiter bekannt.From the publication DE 2431236 A a surge arrester is known.

FR-A-2432763 offenbart einen Überspannungsableiter, aufweisend ein Gehäuse, das wenigstens einen rohrförmigen Isolierkorper mit wenigstens zwei Elektroden umfasst, wobei auf der Innenseite und Aussenseite des Isolierkorpers wenigstens in Teilbereichen eine elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht, angeordnet ist. FR-A-2432763 discloses a surge arrester, comprising a housing comprising at least one tubular insulating body with at least two electrodes, wherein on the inside and outside of the Isolierkorpers at least in some areas an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer is arranged.

Eine zu lösende Aufgabe ist es, einen Überspannungsableiter anzugeben, der ein schnelles Ansprechverhalten aufweist.An object to be solved is to provide a surge arrester which has a fast response.

Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Überspannungsableiter nach Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Überspannungsleiters sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved by a surge arrester according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the overvoltage conductor are the subject of dependent claims.

Es wird ein Überspannungsableiter angegeben, der ein vorzugsweise gasdichtes Gehäuse aufweist. Das Gehäuse des Überspannungsableiters weist wenigstens einen gasgefüllten, vorzugsweise rohrförmigen Isolierkörper auf, der wenigstens zwei Elektroden umfasst. Die Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters sind vorzugsweise voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. Auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers ist wenigstens in voneinander beabstandeten oder in einem zusammenhängenden Bereich eine Abfolge von mehreren Materialschichten angeordnet, die im Weiteren als Schichtenfolge bezeichnet wird. Die Schichtenfolge umfasst wenigstens eine elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht, wenigstens eine elektrisch leitende Schicht und wenigstens eine isolierende Schicht. Die elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht dient zur Erniedrigung der Zündspannung des Überspannungsableiters und wird auch als Zündstrich bezeichnet.It is specified a surge arrester having a preferably gas-tight housing. The housing of the surge arrester has at least one gas-filled, preferably tubular insulating body which comprises at least two electrodes. The electrodes of the surge arrester are preferably arranged at a distance from one another. On the inside of the insulating body, a sequence of a plurality of material layers is arranged at least in spaced-apart or in a contiguous region, which sequence is referred to below as a layer sequence. The layer sequence comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer, at least one electrically conductive layer and at least one insulating layer. The electrically conductive or semiconductive layer is used to lower the ignition voltage of the surge arrester and is also referred to as a primer.

Durch die Schichtenfolge von wenigstens einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht, einer Isolierschicht und wenigstens einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht wird eine Verzerrung des zwischen den Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters anliegenden elektrischen Feldes verursacht. Durch die auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers angeordnete Schichtenfolge wird somit eine gezielte Verzerrung und damit verbundene signifikante Erhöhung des elektrischen Feldes im Bereich der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht erreicht. Durch die Feldverzerrung kommt es vorzugsweise zu einer Felderhöhung in den Endbereichen der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht. Die Endbereiche liegen vorzugsweise wenigstens in der Nähe wenigstens einer Elektrode des Überspannungsableiters. Durch die auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers angeordnete Schichtenfolge weist der Überspannungsableiter aufgrund der Felderhöhung in den Endbereichen der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht eine sehr schnelle Ansprechzeit auf.Due to the layer sequence of at least one electrically conductive layer, an insulating layer and at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, a distortion of the applied between the electrodes of the surge arrester electric field is caused. As a result of the layer sequence arranged on the inside of the insulating body, targeted distortion and the associated significant increase in the electric field in the region of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer are achieved. The field distortion preferably leads to a field increase in the end regions of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer. The end regions are preferably at least in the vicinity of at least one electrode of the surge arrester. Due to the layer sequence arranged on the inside of the insulating body, the surge arrester has a very fast response time due to the increase in field in the end regions of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die wenigstens eine isolierende Schicht zwischen der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht und der elektrisch leitenden Schicht angeordnet. Die Schichten können in einer Ausführungsform auch jede mögliche andere Schichtenfolge aufweisen.In one embodiment, the at least one insulating layer is arranged between the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and the electrically conductive layer. The layers may also have any other possible layer sequence in one embodiment.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die isolierende Schicht eine möglichst geringe Dicke auf, so dass der Abstand zwischen einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht und einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht möglichst gering ist. Die isolierende Schicht weist vorzugsweise eine Dicke zwischen 0,1 und 5 mm auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die isolierende Schicht eine Dicke von weniger als 1 mm auf.In a preferred embodiment, the insulating layer has the smallest possible thickness, so that the distance between an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and an electrically conductive layer is minimized. The insulating layer preferably has a thickness between 0.1 and 5 mm. In a preferred Embodiment, the insulating layer has a thickness of less than 1 mm.

Die elektrisch leitende Schicht weist in einer Ausführungsform vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei voneinander beabstandete Teilbereiche auf, die senkrecht zur Stapelrichtung der Schichten nebeneinander angeordnet sind.In one embodiment, the electrically conductive layer preferably has at least two subregions spaced apart from one another, which are arranged next to one another perpendicular to the stacking direction of the layers.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die voneinander beabstandeten Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht derart ausgeführt, dass jeder der Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht jeweils einen vorzugsweise direkten elektrischen Kontakt zu einer der Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters aufweist. Es ist auch möglich, dass die Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht über einen zusätzlichen elektrischen Leiter einen Kontakt zu den Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters aufweisen. Vorzugsweise weisen die Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht das gleiche elektrische Potential auf, wie die jeweiligen kontaktierten Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters.In a preferred embodiment, the spaced-apart portions of the electrically conductive layer are designed such that each of the portions of the electrically conductive layer each having a preferably direct electrical contact with one of the electrodes of the surge arrester. It is also possible for the sections of the electrically conductive layer to have contact with the electrodes of the surge arrester via an additional electrical conductor. Preferably, the subregions of the electrically conductive layer have the same electrical potential as the respective contacted electrodes of the surge arrester.

Vorzugsweise weisen die wenigstens zwei Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht die gleiche Größe auf. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass die Teilbereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht unterschiedliche Größen aufweisen. Die elektrisch leitende Schicht ist in einer Ausführungsform auf der isolierenden Schicht aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich die elektrisch leitende Schicht über wenigstens eine Fläche der isolierenden Schicht, wobei die elektrisch leitende Schicht in wenigstens zwei Teilbereiche unterteilt ist, die voneinander isoliert sind.Preferably, the at least two subregions of the electrically conductive layer have the same size. However, it is also possible that the subregions of the electrically conductive layer have different sizes. The electrically conductive layer is applied in one embodiment on the insulating layer. Preferably, the electrically conductive layer extends over at least one surface of the insulating layer, wherein the electrically conductive layer is divided into at least two subregions which are isolated from each other.

In einer Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass die elektrisch leitende Schicht die Form von wenigstens zwei in Längsrichtung des Überspannungsableiters voneinander beabstandete Zylinder aufweist. In einer Ausführungsform sind die wenigstens zwei Zylinder aus elektrisch leitender Schicht auf der Außenseite der Isolierschicht aufgebracht.In one embodiment, it is provided that the electrically conductive layer has the shape of at least two cylinders spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. In one embodiment, the at least two cylinders of electrically conductive layer are applied to the outside of the insulating layer.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform können die Teilbereiche jede andere Form aufweisen, die dazu geeignet ist, eine Verzerrung des elektrischen Felds im Bereich der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht zu verursachen.In another embodiment, the portions may have any other shape suitable for causing distortion of the electric field in the region of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer.

In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Isolierschicht ein Glas oder eine Keramik. Die isolierende Schicht kann auch andere geeignete elektrisch isolierende Materialien umfassen.In an embodiment, the insulating layer comprises a glass or a ceramic. The insulating layer may also comprise other suitable electrically insulating materials.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die isolierende Schicht die Form eines Zylinders auf.In one embodiment, the insulating layer is in the shape of a cylinder.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Isolierschicht die Form eines Streifens aufweisen.In another embodiment, the insulating layer may be in the form of a strip.

Die Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem oder halbleitendem Material dient vorzugsweise zur Erniedrigung der Zündspannung des Überspannungsableiters und wird als Zündstrich beziehungsweise -streifen bezeichnet. Die Streifen erstrecken sich vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung des Überspannungsableiters. In einer Ausführungsform können mehrere dieser Zündstriche beziehungsweise Zündstreifen parallel zueinander in Längsrichtung des Überspannungsableiters angeordnet sein. Die elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht ist vorzugsweise von den Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters beabstandet und weist zu diesen keinen direkten elektrischen Kontakt auf.The layer of electrically conductive or semiconductive material is preferably used for lowering the ignition voltage of the surge arrester and is referred to as Zündstrich or strips. The strips preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. In one embodiment, a plurality of these ignition strips or ignition strips may be arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. The electrically conductive or semiconductive layer is preferably of the Electrodes of the surge arrester spaced and has no direct electrical contact with these.

In einer Ausführungsform enthält die Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem oder halbleitendem Material Graphit.In one embodiment, the layer of electrically conductive or semiconducting material contains graphite.

In einer Ausführungsform erstreckt sich die Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem beziehungsweise halbleitendem Material in ihrer größten Ausdehnung parallel zur Längsachse des Überspannungsableiters.In one embodiment, the layer of electrically conductive or semiconductive material extends in its greatest extent parallel to the longitudinal axis of the surge arrester.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem beziehungsweise halbleitendem Material auch in mehrere voneinander beabstandete Bereiche unterteilt sein.In a further embodiment, the layer of electrically conductive or semiconducting material may also be subdivided into a plurality of spaced-apart regions.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Schichtenfolge aus elektrisch leitendem beziehungsweise halbleitendem Material, einer isolierenden Schicht und einer leitenden Schicht direkt auf die Innenseite des Isolierkörpers aufgebracht sein. In dieser Ausführungsform ist es vorteilhaft, wenn wenigstens eine elektrisch leitende Schicht direkt auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers aufgebracht ist. Auf die auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers angeordnete elektrisch leitende Schicht folgt wenigstens eine Schicht aus isolierendem Material, die beispielsweise Glas und/oder Keramik umfasst. Vorzugsweise ist auf wenigstens einer Schicht aus isolierendem Material wenigstens ein Bereich aus elektrisch leitendem beziehungsweise halbleitendem Material aufgebracht. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind mehrere voneinander beabstandete Bereiche aus elektrisch leitendem oder halbleitendem Material auf der isolierenden Schicht aufgebracht.In one embodiment, the layer sequence of electrically conductive or semiconducting material, an insulating layer and a conductive layer can be applied directly to the inside of the insulating body. In this embodiment, it is advantageous if at least one electrically conductive layer is applied directly on the inside of the insulating body. On the arranged on the inside of the insulating electrically conductive layer is followed by at least one layer of insulating material, which includes, for example, glass and / or ceramic. Preferably, at least one region of electrically conductive or semiconductive material is applied to at least one layer of insulating material. In a further embodiment, a plurality of spaced-apart regions of electrically conductive or semiconductive material are applied to the insulating layer.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Schichtenfolge wenigstens ein separates Bauteil, das in den Innenraum des Isolierkörpers des Überspannungsableiters eingelegt ist. Vorzugsweise entsprechen die Außenabmessungen des separaten Bauteils vorzugsweise den Abmessungen des Innenraums des Ableiterkörpers.In a further embodiment, the layer sequence comprises at least one separate component, which is inserted into the interior of the insulating body of the surge arrester. Preferably, the outer dimensions of the separate component preferably correspond to the dimensions of the interior of the diverter body.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann das separate Bauteil auch aus mehreren zusammengesetzten Einzelbauteilen bestehen, die einzeln oder zusammengesetzt in dem Innenraum des Isolierkörpers angeordnet sind.In a further embodiment, the separate component can also consist of a plurality of composite individual components, which are arranged individually or assembled in the interior of the insulating body.

In einer Ausführungsform ist es auch möglich, dass das wenigstens eine separat eingelegte Bauteil wenigstens eine elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht und wenigstens eine isolierende Schicht umfasst. Wenigstens eine elektrisch leitende Schicht ist bei dieser Ausführungsform separat auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers angeordnet.In one embodiment, it is also possible that the at least one separately inserted component comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer and at least one insulating layer. At least one electrically conductive layer is arranged separately on the inside of the insulating body in this embodiment.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Bauteil in Vertiefungen auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers eingelegt, wobei die Vertiefungen in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform den Abmessungen der eingelegten Bauteile entsprechen. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Vertiefungen auch größere Abmessungen aufweisen.In a further embodiment, the component is inserted in recesses on the inside of the insulating body, wherein the recesses correspond in a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the inserted components. In a further embodiment, the depressions may also have larger dimensions.

Vorzugsweise weist die elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht die Form eines Streifens beziehungsweise Strichs auf, wobei der Zündstrich zur Feldemission von Ladungsträgern dient.Preferably, the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer has the form of a stripe, wherein the primer serves for the field emission of charge carriers.

Die Zündspannung eines Überspannungsableiters steigt gewöhnlich mit der Steilheit der angelegten Spannungsrampe signifikant an. Besonders ungünstig ist das Verhältnis von dynamischer Zündspannung zu statischer Zündspannung bei Ableitern mit Zündspannungswerten unterhalb von 100 V. In diesem Fall ist die Feldemission von Ladungsträgern aus den üblicherweise vorhandenen Graphit-Zündstrichen nur sehr schwach. Im Gegensatz zu einem zuvor beschriebenen Überspannungsableiter beschränkt die schwache Feldemission von Ladungsträgern die Einsatzmöglichkeiten insbesondere im Telekombereich. Ebenso ist die Verwendung bei Blitzschutzanwendungen, bei denen eine niedrige statische Ansprechspannung bei gleichzeitig gutem dynamischem Verhalten gefordert ist, eingeschränkt.The ignition voltage of a surge arrester usually increases significantly with the slope of the applied voltage ramp. Particularly unfavorable is the ratio of dynamic ignition voltage to static ignition voltage in arresters with ignition voltage values below 100 V. In this case, the field emission of charge carriers from the graphite ignition strips usually present is only very weak. In contrast to a surge arrester described above, the weak field emission of charge carriers limits the possible applications, especially in the telecom sector. Likewise, the use in lightning protection applications, where a low static response voltage is required at the same time good dynamic behavior is limited.

Ein wie zuvor beschriebener Überspannungsableiter weist dagegen ein sehr schnelles Ansprechverhalten auf, da durch die auf der Innenseite des Ableiters aufgebrachte Schichtenfolge eine gezielte Verzerrung und signifikante Erhöhung des elektrischen Feldes im Bereich der Zündstriche erfolgt. Durch einen möglichst geringen Abstand zwischen den feldfreien Zündstrichen und den elektrisch leitenden Bereichen wird eine stärkere Felderhöhung im Bereich der Zündstrichenden erreicht.On the other hand, a surge arrester as described above has a very fast response since the layer sequence applied to the inside of the arrester results in targeted distortion and significant increase in the electric field in the region of the ignition strips. By the smallest possible distance between the field-free ignition strips and the electrically conductive areas a stronger field increase in the area of Zündstrichenden is achieved.

Die oben beschriebenen Gegenstände werden anhand der folgenden Figuren und Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The objects described above will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures and embodiments.

Die nachfolgend beschriebenen Zeichnungen sind nicht als maßstabsgetreu aufzufassen, vielmehr können zur besseren Darstellung alle Dimensionen vergrößert, verkleinert oder auch verzerrt dargestellt sein. Elemente, die einander gleicher oder die die gleiche Funktion übernehmen, sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.

Figur 1
zeigt schematisch eine Abwicklung einer Ausführungsform einer Schichtenfolge,
Figur 2
zeigt schematisch ein Bauteil, das ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Schichtenfolge aufweist,
Figur 3
zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Schichtenfolge die Form von separaten Streifen aufweist,
Figur 4
zeigt schematisch eine Ausführungsform, bei der die Schichtenfolge auf der Innenseite eines Isolierkörpers aufgebracht ist,
Figur 5a und 5b
zeigen schematisch die Äquipotentiallinien des elektrischen Feldes in einem 2-Elektroden-Überspannungsableiter mit (5a) und ohne (5b) einer Schichtenfolge.
The drawings described below are not to be considered as true to scale, but all dimensions can be enlarged, reduced or distorted for better representation. Elements that are each other the same or the same function, are denoted by the same reference numerals.
FIG. 1
shows schematically a development of an embodiment of a layer sequence,
FIG. 2
shows schematically a component which has an embodiment of the layer sequence,
FIG. 3
shows an embodiment in which the layer sequence has the form of separate strips,
FIG. 4
shows schematically an embodiment in which the layer sequence is applied to the inside of an insulating body,
FIGS. 5a and 5b
schematically show the equipotential lines of the electric field in a 2-electrode surge arrester with (5a) and without (5b) a layer sequence.

In der Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Ausführungsform einer Schichtenfolge 4 als Abwicklung dargestellt. Die Schichtenfolge 4 umfasst eine isolierende Schicht 7, auf deren Unterseite zwei voneinander beabstandete elektrisch leitende Bereiche 8, 8' einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 aufgebracht sind. Die elektrisch leitenden Bereiche 8, 8' erstrecken sich bis an den jeweiligen Rand der isolierenden Schicht 7. In einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform ist es auch möglich, dass sich die elektrisch leitenden Bereiche 8, 8' bis auf, oder auch über den Rand der isolierenden Schicht 7 erstrecken. Auf der Oberseite der isolierenden Schicht 7 sind mehrere, voneinander beabstandete, streifenförmige Abschnitte einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht 5 aufgebracht. Die Abschnitte der elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht 5 sind so genannte "Zündstriche". Die elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht 5 enthält vorzugsweise Graphit. In einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform können die "Zündstriche" auch jede geeignete andere Form aufweisen oder auch größere flächige Bereiche bedecken. Vorzugsweise weisen die Bereiche aus elektrisch leitendem oder halbleitendem Material 5 ihre größte Ausdehnung in Längsrichtung des Überspannungsableiters auf. Die Schichtenfolge 4 ist auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers eines Überspannungsableiters angeordnet.In the FIG. 1 schematically an embodiment of a layer sequence 4 is shown as settlement. The layer sequence 4 comprises an insulating layer 7, on the underside of which two spaced-apart electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'of an electrically conductive layer 6 are applied. The electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'extend to the respective edge of the insulating layer 7. In an embodiment, not shown, it is also possible that the electrically conductive regions 8, 8' up to, or even over the edge of the insulating Layer 7 extend. On the top of the insulating Layer 7, a plurality of spaced-apart, strip-shaped portions of an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 are applied. The sections of the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 are so-called "ignition marks". The electrically conductive or semiconductive layer 5 preferably contains graphite. In one embodiment, not shown, the "ignition strips" can also have any other suitable shape or even cover larger areal areas. The regions of electrically conductive or semiconductive material 5 preferably have their greatest extent in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester. The layer sequence 4 is arranged on the inside of the insulating body of a surge arrester.

Die Figur 2 zeigt eine Schichtenfolge 4, die als separates Bauteil 9 ausgeführt ist. Das Bauteil 9 weist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform einen zylindrischen Körper auf. Die Form des Bauteils 9 wird hierbei hauptsächlich durch die Form der Schicht 7 aus isolierendem Material bestimmt. Vorzugsweise umfasst die isolierende Schicht 7 wenigstens Keramik und/oder Glas. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind auf der Außenseite der Isolierschicht 7 zwei voneinander beabstandete Bereiche 8, 8' einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 aufgebracht, die sich um den gesamten Umfang der zylinderförmigen Isolierschicht 7 erstrecken. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform reichen die voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche 8, 8' jeweils bis an die Enden des Zylinders heran.The FIG. 2 shows a layer sequence 4, which is designed as a separate component 9. The component 9 has a cylindrical body in the illustrated embodiment. The shape of the component 9 is determined mainly by the shape of the layer 7 of insulating material. Preferably, the insulating layer 7 comprises at least ceramic and / or glass. In the illustrated embodiment, on the outside of the insulating layer 7, two spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of an electrically conductive layer 6 are applied, which extend around the entire circumference of the cylindrical insulating layer 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the spaced-apart portions 8, 8 'each extend to the ends of the cylinder.

Die elektrisch leitenden Bereiche 8, 8' erstrecken sich in einer Ausführungsform bis auf die jeweilige Stirnseite des zylindrischen Körpers. Durch elektrisch leitende Bereiche 8, 8' auf den Stirnflächen der zylinderförmigen isolierenden Schicht 6, weist das in einen Überspannungsableiter eingelegte Bauteil 9, somit vorzugsweise einen direkten Kontakt der elektrisch leitenden Bereiche 8, 8'zu Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters auf. Durch einen elektrisch leitenden Kontakt der jeweiligen elektrisch leitenden Schichten 8, 8' zu einer der Elektroden des Überspannungsableiters, weisen die elektrisch leitenden Schichten 8, 8' somit vorzugsweise das gleiche elektrische Potentiale wie die jeweilige kontaktierte Elektrode des Überspannungsableiters auf.The electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'extend in one embodiment to the respective end face of the cylindrical body. By electrically conductive regions 8, 8 'on the end faces of the cylindrical insulating Layer 6, has the inserted into a surge arrester member 9, thus preferably a direct contact of the electrically conductive portions 8, 8 'to electrodes of the surge arrester. By an electrically conductive contact of the respective electrically conductive layers 8, 8 'to one of the electrodes of the surge arrester, the electrically conductive layers 8, 8' thus preferably have the same electrical potentials as the respective contacted electrode of the surge arrester.

Auf der Innenseite der isolierenden Schicht 7 sind voneinander beabstandete so genannte "Zündstriche" aus elektrisch leitendem oder halbleitendem Material 5 aufgebracht. Die "Zündstriche" überlappen in der Projektion mit den beiden voneinander beabstandeten Bereichen 8, 8' aus elektrisch leitendem Material 6. Das dargestellte Bauteil 9 ist vorzugsweise dafür vorgesehen, um in den Innenraum eines Überspannungsableiters eingesetzt zu werden. Hierbei ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Außendurchmesser des Bauteils 9 in etwa dem Innendurchmesser des Isolierkörpers 1 des Ableiters entspricht. Vorzugsweise entspricht die Länge des Bauteils 9 der Länge, des im Isolierkörper 1 zur Verfügung stehenden Freiraums. Der Ableiter mit Isolierkörper 1 ist in der Figur aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt.On the inside of the insulating layer 7 spaced apart so-called "ignition marks" of electrically conductive or semiconductive material 5 are applied. The "ignition marks" overlap in projection with the two spaced-apart areas 8, 8 'of electrically conductive material 6. The illustrated component 9 is preferably intended to be used in the interior of a surge arrester. It is advantageous if the outer diameter of the component 9 corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the insulating body 1 of the arrester. Preferably, the length of the component 9 corresponds to the length of the free space available in the insulating body 1. The arrester with insulating body 1 is not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity.

In einer weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform kann die elektrisch leitende Schicht 6 auch separat auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 1 des Ableiters aufgebracht sein. Hierbei umfasst das Bauteil 9 die isolierende Schicht 7 und die elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht 5 in Form der "Zündstriche".In a further embodiment, not shown, the electrically conductive layer 6 may also be applied separately on the inside of the insulating body 1 of the arrester. In this case, the component 9 comprises the insulating layer 7 and the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 in the form of the "ignition marks".

In der Figur 3 ist eine Ausführungsform der Schichtenfolge 4 dargestellt, bei der die Schichtenfolge 4 die Form von separaten Streifen aufweist. Die Streifen umfassen in der dargestellten Ausführungsform wenigstens ein streifenförmiges Element aus isolierender Schicht 7 mit einem auf diesem Streifen angeordneten Bereich aus einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht 5 als "Zündstrich". Die elektrisch leitende Schicht 6 ist in Vertiefungen 10 im Innenraum 2 des Isolierkörpers 1 des Ableiters angeordnet. Vorzugsweise weist der Isolierkörper 1 mehrere zirkulär voneinander beabstandete Vertiefungen 10 auf. Die elektrisch leitende Schicht 6 weist in der dargstellten Ausführungsform zwei in Längsrichtung des Ableiters voneinander beabstandete Teilbereiche 8, 8' auf. Vorzugsweise weisen die voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche 8, 8' der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 jeweils einen direkten Kontakt zu der am nächsten liegenden Elektrode 2 des Überspannungsableiters auf. Die Streifen der isolierenden Schicht 7 mit den aufgebrachten "Zündstrichen" werden als separate Elemente in die Vertiefungen 10 eingelegt oder eingeschoben.In the FIG. 3 an embodiment of the layer sequence 4 is shown, in which the layer sequence 4 has the form of separate strips. In the illustrated embodiment, the strips comprise at least one strip-shaped element of insulating layer 7 with a region of an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 arranged on this strip as a "primer". The electrically conductive layer 6 is arranged in recesses 10 in the interior 2 of the insulating body 1 of the arrester. Preferably, the insulating body 1 has a plurality of circularly spaced depressions 10. The electrically conductive layer 6 has in the dargstellten embodiment, two spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the arrester portions 8, 8 '. Preferably, the spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 each have a direct contact with the closest electrode 2 of the surge arrester. The strips of the insulating layer 7 with the applied "ignition marks" are inserted or inserted as separate elements in the recesses 10.

In einer weiteren, nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform kann die Schicht 6 aus elektrisch leitendem Material ebenfalls bereits auf den eingelegten Streifen aus Isolierschicht 7 und "Zündstrich" aufgebracht sein.In a further, not shown embodiment, the layer 6 of electrically conductive material may also already be applied to the inserted strips of insulating layer 7 and "primer".

Die Figur 4 zeigt schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsform, bei der die Schichtenfolge 4 auf der Innenseite eines Isolierkörpers 1 des Ableiters aufgebracht ist. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche 8, 8' der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 direkt auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 1 aufgebracht. Die Bereiche 8, 8' der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 erstrecken sich in der dargestellten Ausführungsform vorzugsweise lateral bis zu den jeweiligen Endbereichen des Isolierkörpers 1, so dass ein direkter elektrischer Kontakt zu den Elektroden des Ableiters vorliegt. Über der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6 ist eine Schicht aus isolierendem Material 7 angeordnet. Die isolierende Schicht 7 bedeckt vorzugsweise die ganze Innenfläche des Isolierkörpers 1 des Ableiters. Auf der isolierenden Schicht 7 sind in der dargestellten Ausführungsform streifenförmige "Zündstriche" einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht 5 aufgebracht. Die "Zündstriche" erstrecken sich vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung des Ableiters. Vorzugsweise reichen die "Zündstriche" in Längsrichtung des Ableiters so weit, dass dessen Enden wenigstens teilweise mit den Bereichen 8, 8' überlappen, wobei die Bereiche 8, 8' und die "Zündstriche" durch die dazwischen angeordnete isolierende Schicht 5 keinen direkten elektrischen Kontakt zueinander aufweisen.The FIG. 4 schematically shows a further embodiment in which the layer sequence 4 is applied to the inside of an insulating body 1 of the arrester. In the illustrated embodiment, the spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 are applied directly to the inside of the insulating body 1. The areas 8, 8 'of the electrically conductive layer 6 In the illustrated embodiment, they preferably extend laterally as far as the respective end regions of the insulating body 1, so that there is direct electrical contact with the electrodes of the arrester. Over the electrically conductive layer 6, a layer of insulating material 7 is arranged. The insulating layer 7 preferably covers the entire inner surface of the insulating body 1 of the arrester. On the insulating layer 7, strip-shaped "ignition strips" of an electrically conductive or semiconducting layer 5 are applied in the illustrated embodiment. The "ignition marks" preferably extend in the longitudinal direction of the arrester. Preferably, the "ignition marks" in the longitudinal direction of the arrester extend so far that their ends at least partially overlap with the areas 8, 8 ', wherein the areas 8, 8' and the "ignition marks" by the interposed insulating layer 5 no direct electrical contact to each other.

In der Figur 5a sind Äquipotentiallinien des elektrischen Feldes in einem 2-Elektroden-Überspannungsableiter schematisch dargstellt, wobei auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 1 eines Überspannungsableiters eine Schichtenfolge 4 angeordnet ist. Die Schichtenfolge 4 umfasst zwei voneinander beabstandete Bereiche 8, 8' einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6, einer isolierenden Schicht 7 und einer elektrisch leitenden oder halbleitenden Schicht 5 in der Form von "Zündstrichen". Durch die Schichtenfolge 4 wird eine Verzerrung des elektrischen Feldes im Bereich der Enden der "Zündstriche" erreicht. Durch diese Feldverzerrung findet eine Erhöhung des elektrischen Feldes an den Enden der "Zündstriche" statt, die durch die enger beieinander liegenden Feldlinien der Äquipotentiallinien an den Enden des "Zündstrichs" dargestellt ist.In the FIG. 5a Equipotential lines of the electric field in a 2-electrode surge arrester are schematically dargstellt, wherein on the inside of the insulating body 1 of a surge arrester, a layer sequence 4 is arranged. The layer sequence 4 comprises two spaced-apart regions 8, 8 'of an electrically conductive layer 6, an insulating layer 7 and an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer 5 in the form of "ignition marks". Through the layer sequence 4, a distortion of the electric field in the region of the ends of the "ignition marks" is achieved. This field distortion causes an increase in the electric field at the ends of the "igniter bars", represented by the more closely spaced field lines of the equipotential lines at the ends of the "primer".

Die Figur 5b zeigt Äquipotentiallinien des elektrischen Feldes in einem 2-Elektroden-Überspannungsableiter, bei dem auf der Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 1 nur eine elektrisch leitende oder halbleitende Schicht 5 als "Zündstrich" aufgebracht ist. Durch die fehlende Isolierschicht und die voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht findet keine signifikante Erhöhung des elektrischen Feldes an den Enden der "Zündstriche" statt. Die Äquipotentiallinien im Bereich der Enden des "Zündstrichs" sind im Vergleich zu den Äquipotentiallinien in der Figur 5a weiter voneinander beabstandet. Bei einem herkömmlichen Überspannungsableiter liegt im Bereich der Enden des "Zündstrichs" somit keine signifikante Erhöhung des elektrischen Felds vor.The FIG. 5b shows equipotential lines of the electric field in a 2-electrode surge arrester, in which on the inside of the insulating body 1, only an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer 5 is applied as a "primer". Due to the lack of insulating layer and the spaced apart portions of the electrically conductive layer, no significant increase in the electric field at the ends of the "ignition marks" takes place. The equipotential lines at the ends of the "primer" are compared to the equipotential lines in FIG FIG. 5a further apart. In the case of a conventional surge arrester, there is thus no significant increase in the electric field in the region of the ends of the "ignition line".

Obwohl in den Ausführungsbeispielen nur eine beschränkte Anzahl möglicher Weiterbildungen der Erfindung beschrieben werden konnte, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese beschränkt. Es ist prinzipiell möglich, dass die einzelnen Teilschichten der Schichtenfolge jeweils mehrere Einzelschichten aufweisen oder dass die Schichtenfolge mehrere lateral voneinander beabstandete Teilbereiche aufweist.Although only a limited number of possible developments of the invention could be described in the embodiments, the invention is not limited to these. In principle, it is possible that the individual partial layers of the layer sequence each have a plurality of individual layers or that the layer sequence has a plurality of laterally spaced-apart partial regions.

Die Beschreibung der hier angegebenen Gegenstände ist nicht auf die einzelnen speziellen Ausführungsformen beschränkt; vielmehr können die Merkmale der einzelnen Ausführungsformen, soweit technisch sinnvoll, beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden.The description of the subject matters herein is not limited to the particular specific embodiments; Rather, the features of the individual embodiments, as far as technically feasible, can be combined with each other.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Isolierkörperinsulator
2, 2'2, 2 '
Elektrodenelectrodes
33
Innenseite des Isolierkörpers 1Inside of the insulating body 1
44
Schichtenfolgelayer sequence
55
elektrisch leitende beziehungsweise halbleitende Schichtelectrically conductive or semiconductive layer
66
elektrisch leitende Schichtelectrically conductive layer
77
isolierende Schichtinsulating layer
8, 8'8, 8 '
voneinander beabstandete Bereiche der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 6spaced apart regions of the electrically conductive layer. 6
99
Bauteilcomponent
1010
Vertiefung im Isolierkörper 1Deepening in the insulating body 1

Claims (15)

  1. Surge arrester, comprising
    a housing which comprises at least one tubular insulating body (1) with at least two electrodes (2, 2'), wherein a layer sequence (4) which comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5), at least one electrically conductive layer (6) and at least one insulating layer (7) is arranged at least in sub-areas on the inside (3) of the insulating body (1).
  2. Surge arrester according to Claim 1,
    wherein at least one insulating layer (7) is arranged between the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5) and the electrically conductive layer (6).
  3. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the electrically conductive layer (6) comprises at least two areas (8, 8') which are at a distance from one another at right angles to the stacking direction of the layer sequence (4).
  4. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the greatest extent of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5) extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the surge arrester.
  5. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5) comprises graphite.
  6. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the insulating layer (7) comprises glass and/or ceramic.
  7. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the insulating layer (7) is in the form of a cylinder.
  8. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the electrically conductive layer (6) is in the form of two cylinders which are at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the surge arrester.
  9. Surge arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    wherein the insulating layer (7) is in the form of a strip.
  10. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inside of the insulating body (1) is coated with the layer sequence (4).
  11. Surge arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 9,
    wherein the layer sequence (4) is inserted in the form of a separate component (9) into the interior of the insulating body (1).
  12. Surge arrester according to Claim 11,
    wherein the component (9) is inserted into matching depressions (10) on the inside of the insulating body (1).
  13. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    which surge arrester has an electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5) in the form of a trigger strip for field emission of charge carriers.
  14. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the layer sequence (4) results in distortion of an electrical field in the surge arrester, which results in a field increase at the ends of the electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (5).
  15. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims,
    which surge arrester has a rapid response time because of the layer sequence (4) which is arranged on the inside of the insulating body (1).
EP10701520A 2009-01-29 2010-01-26 Overvoltage conductor Not-in-force EP2392057B1 (en)

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DE102009006543A DE102009006543A1 (en) 2009-01-29 2009-01-29 Surge arresters
PCT/EP2010/050864 WO2010086305A1 (en) 2009-01-29 2010-01-26 Overvoltage conductor

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JP (1) JP5596705B2 (en)
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DE2834088A1 (en) * 1978-08-03 1980-02-14 Siemens Ag GAS DISCHARGE PIPES, IN PARTICULAR SURGE PROTECTORS
CH666575A5 (en) * 1985-02-26 1988-07-29 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie SURGE ARRESTERS.
JPH0249387A (en) * 1988-08-10 1990-02-19 Hakusan Seisakusho:Kk Gas discharge lightning arrester for signal communication
JP2006244794A (en) * 2005-03-02 2006-09-14 Okaya Electric Ind Co Ltd Discharge tube

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DE102009006543A1 (en) 2010-08-05
JP2012516529A (en) 2012-07-19
US8508904B2 (en) 2013-08-13
CN102301549B (en) 2013-10-23
US20120014029A1 (en) 2012-01-19
EP2392057A1 (en) 2011-12-07
WO2010086305A1 (en) 2010-08-05
KR101617060B1 (en) 2016-04-29
CN102301549A (en) 2011-12-28
JP5596705B2 (en) 2014-09-24
KR20110119765A (en) 2011-11-02

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