EP2389700A1 - Dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques

Info

Publication number
EP2389700A1
EP2389700A1 EP10700488A EP10700488A EP2389700A1 EP 2389700 A1 EP2389700 A1 EP 2389700A1 EP 10700488 A EP10700488 A EP 10700488A EP 10700488 A EP10700488 A EP 10700488A EP 2389700 A1 EP2389700 A1 EP 2389700A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
activation
cell
battery
protection device
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10700488A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Meintschel
Tim Schaeffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Original Assignee
Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Li Tec Battery GmbH filed Critical Li Tec Battery GmbH
Publication of EP2389700A1 publication Critical patent/EP2389700A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device for galvanic cells, a galvanic cell with such a protective device and a battery of such galvanic cells.
  • Batteries consist of series and / or parallel single cells, often with the associated electronics and cooling in a common housing. In the automotive industry, such batteries, especially high-voltage batteries, u.a. used as a traction battery for electric vehicles and as an energy buffer for hybrid vehicles. Such cells may be damaged, for example, by overcharging, short-circuiting or other causes or otherwise disturbed in their intended function.
  • lithium-ion batteries which interrupt the circuit in the event of overloaded or short-circuited cells.
  • it is known, for example, in case of overheating of such a cell whose housing at a deliberately weakened point, for example by means of a rupture disk, under the action of the simultaneously increased internal pressure of the cell tear and thereby to separate the electrical contact from the electrode coil to the battery poles.
  • Such known solutions are in some cases associated with the disadvantage that due to the cell-side disconnection of the circuit, the cells connected in series with the defective cell can likewise no longer deliver any current. Especially with electric vehicles, this can lead to total failure ("lying down"). For hybrid vehicles, for example, restarting the internal combustion engine may not be possible, depending on the system design.
  • a repair of the battery is often no longer possible or useful in such cases, because the interior of the battery is attacked by the corrosive action of the electrolyte within a short time.
  • the present invention is based on the object, an effective
  • the invention provides a protective device for galvanic cells, which are connected together via a pole terminals of the cells suitably connected contact elements to a battery.
  • the protective device according to the invention is characterized in that it has an activating device for activating the protective device. When the protective device is activated, this protective device according to the invention bridges a cell assigned to it by a change in the interconnection and thus electrically removes this cell from the battery assembly.
  • a galvanic cell is to be understood as meaning an electrical or electrochemical cell, in particular a primary cell or a secondary cell, suitable for constructing a battery.
  • Such cells are also referred to below as battery cells, cells or single cells.
  • a battery is an interconnection of such cells - in series and / or parallel - to understand.
  • An interconnection of galvanic cells in connection with the present invention means any technically meaningful combination of series and / or parallel circuits of such cells. It is produced by suitable connection of the pole terminals of such galvanic cells with the aid of contact elements, in particular with the aid of contact plates, busbars, insulators, etc.
  • an activating device means any device for activating the protective device according to the invention, which enables a protective device according to the invention to specifically bridge individual cells of a battery and thus to electrically remove them from the battery pack.
  • electrically remove is meant that the cell concerned, although spatially in their position in the battery assembly remains, but this cell is taken out of the battery constituting electrical series and / or parallel connection of a plurality of cells by the bridging of certain contacts.
  • This energy is required, for example, because this contact elements must be moved.
  • This energy is inventively supplied to the activation device from the outside or provided by an energy store, which is part of the protection device or the activation device.
  • This may be energy storage of any kind, in particular mechanical energy storage.
  • Suitable devices of all kinds come into consideration for this purpose, in particular electromagnetic converters, such as electromagnetic switches (relays, etc.), which are operated with the aid of energy supplied from the outside, for example taken from the battery assembly, the remaining cells stay in good working order.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a circuit diagram of a series connection of battery cells, each of which would have an actively activatable cell-side device for removing and bridging electrically connected in series
  • Fig. 1b shows an interconnection of battery cells with the switches of a
  • Figure 1c shows an interconnection of battery cells, in which a switch is in a position which causes a bridging of a battery cell and thus their removal from the battery assembly.
  • Fig. 2 shows an interconnection of battery cells with protective devices according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • 3 is a side view of a cell block with protective devices according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the upper part of the cell block shown in FIG. 3 with a protective device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows the view of a cell with a protective device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of a protective device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6;
  • Figure 8 is a side view of a protective device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in the non-activated state (normal operation).
  • 9a is a sectional view of a protective device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9b shows an enlargement of the right-hand part of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9a in the non-activated state (normal operation);
  • 10 shows the view of a cell block with activated protection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • 11 is a side view of an activated guard according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 12a is a sectional view of a protective device according to a preferred
  • FIG. 12b shows an enlarged view of the right-hand part of the embodiment of an activated protective device shown in FIG. 12a.
  • the principle of operation of a protective device according to the invention is to selectively remove a defective cell from an interconnection of multiple cells by bridging.
  • bridging 104, 105, 106 are provided, which connect an electrode 107 in the activation case of one of the switches 101, 102, 103 with the same E- electrode of an adjacent cell.
  • the electrode 108 is connected to the opposite to her electrode of the neighboring cell.
  • Figures 1b and 1c show the principal mode of operation of the protective device according to the invention. Since all switches S1b, S2b S5b are in a corresponding same position in FIG. 1b, there is a series connection of the cells Z1b, Z2b Z5b in FIG. 1b. In Figure 1c, the switch S2c is in the activated position, whereby the cell Z2c is taken out on the interconnection.
  • the interconnection of battery cells by means of contact elements are the bus bars 205, 209 and 212 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the electrodes (arresters) 203 and 204 are connected or not connected in a suitable manner to these contact elements.
  • the protective device according to the invention is preferably in each case between the strip-shaped poles ("arresters") of two adjacent barten cells arranged.
  • the actuation energy for the activation of the protection device is stored, for example, in a corrugated spring 208, which is held in its starting position by a fuse wire 711, 811, 911 shown in FIGS. 7 and 9. At incipient malfunction of this fuse wire is melted through a current pulse and shown in Figs. 2, 7 and 9 corrugated spring 208, 708, 908 lifts the previously electrical series circuit to auxiliary cells making movable busbar and presses against a second busbar, which the defective Cell bypasses electrically.
  • the protective device according to the invention is equipped with an energy storage device which stores the energy required to change the interconnection and makes it available upon activation.
  • This may be a mechanical energy storage or other energy storage, such as chemical or electrical energy storage act.
  • a simply constructed energy store 208, 408, 508, 608, 708, 808, 908, 1008, 1008, 1108, 1208 is shown in FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
  • a corrugated spring 208, 408, 508, 608, 708, 808, 908, 1008, 1008, 108, 1208 is held from below by a bearing 210, 310, 910, 1010, 1110.
  • the protective device is preferably located in a housing, which is not shown in the figures.
  • This housing is preferably hermetically sealed to avoid corrosion and, if necessary, filled with an inert protective gas.
  • the protective device according to the invention can preferably be activated actively and individually for each cell and thus individually remove and bridge the relevant damaged cell from the electric circuit. If, for example, the battery electronics detects an incipient malfunction of a cell by monitoring the cell voltage and / or the cell temperature, the device can be triggered preventively. The battery will continue to operate at a slightly reduced voltage level.
  • the erfindunsteren solutions in which the energy for activation is not taken from a process that has to do with the malfunction or with the destruction of the affected, to be bridged cell, but in which the energy supplied to the activation of outside the protective device or an energy storage is removed, which is preferably part of the protective device or the activation device, are associated with the advantage that a cell affected by a malfunction can be taken out at an early date electrically from the battery assembly to the destruction of the cell has not yet begun has or has progressed so far that the energy required to activate the protective device could be taken from the destruction process. In many cases, destruction of the cell will be avoidable. Under favorable conditions, it is possible that a bridged cell can recover after a certain time and be re-absorbed into the battery pack.
  • the cell to be bridged can even supply the energy for activating its protective device. So it can be used as energy storage
  • Protective device act before it is removed from the battery assembly electrically by bridging.
  • a protective device is equipped with an activation device which activates by a signal can be generated inside or outside the protective device.
  • an activation device which activates by a signal can be generated inside or outside the protective device.
  • a battery electronics monitors the cell voltage of individual cells and passes the measurement results to a central control unit outside the battery, which in turn generates the signal for activating the protection of that cell or cells and forwards them to the protection or protective devices in question, which are assigned to the cells to be bridged.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of a protective device provides an activation device which can be activated by a signal which is generated by at least one sensor which measures at least one physical variable which is indicative of the operating state of the battery cell assigned to the protective device is.
  • sensors may be, for example, temperature sensors attached to each cell which continuously measure the temperature of their associated cell. Again, there are different ways to evaluate the measurement result.
  • a temperature sensor locally generates a signal for activating the protective device of the cell, the temperature of which it measures continuously.
  • a central control unit to jointly evaluate the measurement results of these and / or other sensors, for example temperature and voltage sensors, in order to generate a signal for activating the protective devices of individual cells as a function of a plurality of measurement results with the aid of special decision logic. which is then forwarded to the activation devices of the protective devices of these cells and there leads to the activation of the respective protective devices.
  • a protective device is provided, whose activation device at subsequent elimination of the conditions for their activation can be disabled, whereupon this protective device reverses the bridging of their assigned cell, whereby this cell is integrated back into the battery pack.
  • the activation device of the protective device according to the invention can preferably also be designed so that, for example, after a cooling of the cell concerned, it can be switched back to the battery pack.
  • the energy required for this purpose can be taken, for example, from the now re-functioning cell itself or the other cells remaining in the battery assembly.
  • the energy storage device for activating the protection device can preferably also be recharged.
  • a protective device is provided, which is designed so that it can be arranged between the pole terminals of adjacent cells.
  • FIGS 3, 4, 8, 10 and 11 show illustrations of such embodiments of the present invention.
  • a protective device is provided with an activation device which comprises a fusible wire which holds a corrugated spring which serves as an energy store in a tensioned state and which is activated by a current pulse which melts the fusible wire. whereupon the corrugated spring relaxes and thereby provides the energy required to change the interconnection.
  • This mechanical design of the energy store is - particularly in comparison to an external active control of the activation device - particularly robust against interference and - due to no signal lines - cost-effectively.
  • a protective device according to the invention with a hermetically sealed housing.
  • a protective device according to the invention whose housing is filled with an inert protective gas. In comparison to a housing filled with ambient air, the corrosion protection is often better with a suitable choice of the protective gas.
  • FIG. 5 shows a battery cell 501 with a protective device according to the invention.
  • the electrodes 503 and 504 are connected to bus bars 509 via suitable contact sheets 506 and 507.
  • a wave spring 508 changes the position of the contact plate 507 upon activation of the protective device of the cell 501.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of a protective device according to the invention with the electrodes 603, 604, the wave spring 608 and the contact plates 606 and 607. As shown in FIG. 7, the wave spring 708 is mounted on a bearing
  • the relaxing corrugated spring can not escape downwards, so they must push the contact plate 707 of the electrode 704 when activating the protective device upwards.
  • the contact plate 707 or 807 contacts the contact plate 806 of the adjacent cell 802 prior to activation. After activation by the melting of the wetting wire 811, it makes contact with the busbar 805.
  • FIGS. 9a, 9b and 12a and 12b respectively show the same embodiment of the protective device according to the invention before and after activation.
  • FIGS. 9a and 12a respectively show the relationship of the cutouts shown in FIGS. 9b and 12b.
  • Galvanic cell 201, 301, 801, 1001, 1101, 1201 Galvanic cell, battery cell
  • FIGS 2, 3, 4, 8, 10 and 11 show embodiments of a battery of battery cells with protective devices according to the invention.
  • a battery preferably consists of a plurality of protective devices, which are arranged between adjacent cells of the battery.
  • a plurality of Contact elements for interconnecting a series circuit and / or parallel circuits of cells of the battery provided.
  • a first part of these contact elements is movably arranged; a second part of these contact elements is immovably arranged.
  • Activation of a protection means of a first cell causes a movable first contact element, which serves to activate an electrical series connection to an adjacent second cell, to be moved upon activation of the protection device and pressed against a stationary second contact element, thereby bridging the first cell, and thus electrically removed from the series circuit.
  • the bridging or disconnection of defective cells, the activation of the activation device or similar tasks in the context of the practical implementation of the present invention may preferably be carried out with the aid of semiconductor components.
  • semiconductor switching elements such as e.g. Thyristors or field effect transistors (e.g., power MOSFETs) are good for such purposes.
  • These can preferably be controlled electrically by a temperature sensor via control electronics.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques qui sont interconnectées par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de contact raccordés de manière appropriée aux bornes polaires desdites cellules, pour former une batterie, le dispositif de protection pouvant être associé à des cellules individuelles d'une batterie. Le dispositif de protection est équipé d'un dispositif d'activation (1008, 1108, 1208, 1011, 1111) servant à son activation. Lors de son activation, le dispositif de protection court-circuite, via une modification de l'interconnexion, la cellule qui lui est associée, et la désolidarise ainsi électriquement de l'ensemble d'éléments de batterie.
EP10700488A 2009-01-20 2010-01-11 Dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques Withdrawn EP2389700A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009005228A DE102009005228A1 (de) 2009-01-20 2009-01-20 Schutzeinrichtung für galvanische Zellen
PCT/EP2010/000087 WO2010083945A1 (fr) 2009-01-20 2010-01-11 Dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2389700A1 true EP2389700A1 (fr) 2011-11-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10700488A Withdrawn EP2389700A1 (fr) 2009-01-20 2010-01-11 Dispositif de protection de cellules galvaniques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120148885A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2389700A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012515998A (fr)
KR (1) KR20110129870A (fr)
CN (1) CN102292848A (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1006930A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009005228A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010083945A1 (fr)

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DE102009040146A1 (de) * 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Schutzeinrichtung für galvanische Zellen
DE102010045514B4 (de) * 2010-09-15 2018-03-29 Audi Ag Verfahren zum Überwachen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers, der eine elektrische Spannung für eine elektrische Maschine eines Kraftwagens bereitstellt
DE102012203456A1 (de) 2012-03-05 2013-09-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Galvanisches Element und Batteriekontrollsystem
US20150118527A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Battery and motor vehicle having the battery according to the disclosure
US9343722B2 (en) * 2013-12-27 2016-05-17 Intel Corporation Battery pack having a spring to connect at least two battery cells
DE102016222074A1 (de) * 2016-11-10 2018-05-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kontaktierungsvorrichtung, Deckelelement, Batteriemodul sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriemoduls
DE102019130738A1 (de) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-20 Audi Ag Batterie mit einem Batteriemodul und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
CN112331983B (zh) 2019-11-29 2021-10-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池模块、装置及失效电池单体的失效处理方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010083945A1 (fr) 2010-07-29
BRPI1006930A2 (pt) 2016-02-23
KR20110129870A (ko) 2011-12-02
JP2012515998A (ja) 2012-07-12
CN102292848A (zh) 2011-12-21
US20120148885A1 (en) 2012-06-14
DE102009005228A1 (de) 2010-07-22

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