EP2386762B1 - Procédé de protection contre le pompage d'un compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre caractérisant le pompage - Google Patents

Procédé de protection contre le pompage d'un compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre caractérisant le pompage Download PDF

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EP2386762B1
EP2386762B1 EP11165767.2A EP11165767A EP2386762B1 EP 2386762 B1 EP2386762 B1 EP 2386762B1 EP 11165767 A EP11165767 A EP 11165767A EP 2386762 B1 EP2386762 B1 EP 2386762B1
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Prior art keywords
surge
parameter
compressor
equivalent
control
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German (de)
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EP2386762A1 (fr
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Krishnan Narayanan
Paul Reinke
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Energy Control Technologies Inc
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Energy Control Technologies Inc
Energy Control Technologies Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed toward a dynamic compressor. More specifically, the present invention is directed toward a method of surge protection utilizing an equivalent map surge parameter.
  • a typical dynamic compressor has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein the compressor is driven by a compressor driver so that the gas, while flowing through the compressor, is compressed.
  • a problem associated with dynamic compressors is the amount of gas that passes through the compressor. Specifically, if an insufficient amount of gas flows through the compressor, a surge occurs within the system causing damage to the compressor. Because of the high price of compressors great care must be taken to ensure that compressors are not damaged.
  • an anti-surge or recycling valve is utilized by dynamic compressors to take gas from the outlet of the compressor and recycle it back to the inlet of the compressor to ensure that there is always sufficient gas flowing though the compressor to prevent surges from occurring.
  • Compressor surge control systems also known as anti-surge controllers
  • PID controller for regulating the anti-surge valve when flow rate decreases below a predefined point.
  • Control systems in the art monitor the dynamic compressor system and determine a corresponding compressor map as can be seen in USPN 4,156,578 to Agar and USPN 4,949,276 to Staroselsky.
  • a function of volumetric flow at the inlet of the compressor is charted against the polytropic head of the compressor to determine a surge line or surge limit line.
  • the surge limit line represents the line on the graph that once passed (a point immediately to the left of the surge limit line) surging of a compressor can occur.
  • a safety margin is determined and a surge control line is plotted to the right of the surge limit line.
  • the control system then continuously calculates a control parameter that measures a distance to the surge limit line. If the control parameter reaches or is to the left of the surge control line, the controller actuates the anti-surge valve to increase gas flow through the compressor to prevent the control parameter from reaching the surge limit line and causing a surge within the compressor.
  • controllers in the industry employ either fan law method or use similitude theory to derive surge control parameters that in theory are invariant to changes in suction conditions or gas composition.
  • existing methods for invariant parameter calculations do not completely account for variability in gas compressibility or gas specific heat ratio.
  • variations in gas composition tend to make the surge parameter and surge limit line move resulting in operating problems.
  • existing methods for the distance to surge calculation method is dynamically insensitive or sluggish especially as the compressor load increases. Thus, for the existing methods, changes in distance to the surge line is smaller for a given change in compressor load.
  • a principal objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that prevents damage to the dynamic compressor.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that accounts for multiple variables in determining a control parameter.
  • EP 0676545 , WO 2010/040734 and US 5599161 all disclose methods of surge control for compressors. Each discloses different invariant parameters to define a surge limit line or interface.
  • the method includes in general continually calculating an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter.
  • the method involves defining a surge limit line on the compressor map as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter.
  • a control system continually calculates a distance a control parameter is from the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load. Based on the distance an anti-surge valve is adjusted.
  • Fig. 1 shows a dynamic compressor 10 that includes a compressor 12 that is driven by a compressor driver 14.
  • the compressor driver is of any type including a motor, gas turbine, steam turbine, expander or the like.
  • the compressor 12 has a gas inlet 16 and a gas outlet 18 wherein gas flows through the compressor 12 to be compressed.
  • An anti-surge or recycle valve 20 is fluidly connected between the gas inlet 16 and gas outlet 18 so that when the anti-surge valve 20 opens a fluid flow path exists to convey gas from the gas outlet 18 to the gas inlet 16.
  • a plurality of sensors 22 including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow measurement sensors and the like are placed throughout the dynamic compressor 10 in order to determine processed conditions for the components of the dynamic compressor including the compressor 12, the driver 14, the gas inlet 16, and gas outlet 18 and the anti-surge valve 20.
  • the plurality of sensors 22 are electrically connected to the control system 24 where the control system 24 is in communication with all of the components of the dynamic compressor and controls the opening of the anti-surge valve 20.
  • Fig. 2 shows a control system 24 used for a dynamic compressor 10.
  • a controller 26 such as a Network Master controller is utilized in combination with a load controller 28 that monitors the inlet 16 of the dynamic compressor 10 and a surge controller 30 that monitors and operates the anti-surge valve 20.
  • the arrangement and set up of the control system 24 shown in Fig. 2 is merely an example of a control system 24 for a dynamic compressor 10 and is shown as exemplary.
  • other control arrangements that utilize Master controllers, load controllers, and surge controllers in series cascade and parallel cascade can be used without falling outside the scope of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is yet another exemplary embodiment of the control system 24 used with another dynamic compressor 10.
  • the station and load controllers are not used and instead the control system 24 takes readings straight from the plurality of sensors 22 to determine an input to the surge valve 20.
  • the control system 24 of the present invention determines a compressor map that corresponds to the dynamic compressor 10 as best shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the compressor map 32 presents a horizontal axis 34 that measures the square of an equivalent flow q 2 eq and has a vertical axis 36 that presents an equivalent polytropic head.
  • a surge limit line 38 that is calculated by the control system 24 wherein at points to the left of the surge limit line 38, surge within the dynamic compressor 10 typically occurs.
  • a surge control line 42 Spaced at a predetermined distance that is considered a safety margin 40 is a surge control line 42 wherein when a control parameter reaches a point either on or to the left of the surge control line 42 the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 to provide flow through the anti-surge valve 20.
  • operating control lines 44 that represent additional control lines that are used if the safety margin 40 is desired to be increased to protect against a surge within a compressor.
  • R q 2 eq
  • surge ⁇ SM q 2 eq
  • op / f h eq ⁇ SM ⁇ 1 R ⁇ 1 so when ⁇ is ⁇ 0 the valve is closed and when ⁇ is ⁇ 0 the valve is open.
  • the surge controller acts on ⁇ to actuate the surge valve and prevent surge.
  • control system 24 In operation, as the dynamic compressor 10 is operating the control system 24 continually monitors the dynamic compressor 10. The control system 24 continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter in the manners discussed above. A surge limit line 38 is defined on the compressor map 32 as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter. The control system 24 continually calculates a distance ⁇ that a control parameter R is from the surge limit line 38 wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in the compressor load. Then, as a result of the distance the control parameter is from the surge limit line the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 accordingly.
  • the equivalent compressor map 32 bases a surge parameter on the polytropic compression process equation and modeling of the dynamic compressor 10 based on flow, pressure, speed (or inlet guide vane), compressibility and temperatures of the dynamic compressor 10.
  • the equivalent polytropic head parameter and equivalent flow parameter are based on the dynamic similitude theory, a mach number determination using sonic velocity of gas at flowing conditions and gas compressibility.
  • control parameter (R) When determining control parameter (R), the parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load, both in the increasing and decreasing direction. Therefore, presented is a control parameter that has high dynamic sensitivity along with invariance of the surge equivalent parameter due to changes in suction pressure, temperature, gas composition, rotation speed or inlet guide vane geometry. Thus, at the very least all of the stated objectives have been met.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Un procédé de protection contre le pompage pour un compresseur dynamique (10) présentant une carte de compresseur correspondante (32), ledit procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    prévoir un système de commande (24) doté d'un contrôleur (26) ;
    prévoir une pluralité de capteurs (22) configurés pour capter des conditions du compresseur dynamique (10), la pluralité de capteurs (22) étant connectés électriquement à et en communication avec le système de commande (24) ;
    calculer en continu un paramètre de tête polytropique équivalent avec le contrôleur (26) ;
    calculer en continu un paramètre d'écoulement équivalent en conditions de fonctionnement avec le contrôleur, le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent étant une fonction de Q 2 V c 2 ,
    Figure imgb0023
     où Q est l'écoulement volumétrique et Vc 2 est égal à dP dp ,
    Figure imgb0024
    définir une ligne de limite de pompage (38) sur la carte de compresseur (32) comme fonction du paramètre de tête polytropique équivalent avec le contrôleur (26) ;
    calculer en continu une distance à laquelle un paramètre de commande (R) se trouve de la ligne de limite de pompage (38) avec le contrôleur (26) en divisant le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent en conditions de fonctionnement par le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent à la ligne de limite de pompage (28), le paramètre de commande (R) étant dynamique aux changements de charge du compresseur ; et
    actionner une vanne anti-pompage (20) basée sur la distance ; et caractérisé en ce que le paramètre de tête polytropique équivalent est une fonction de Hp V c 2 ,
    Figure imgb0025
     où Hp est la tête polytropique et Vc 2 est égal à dP dp
    Figure imgb0026
     où P est la pression en condition d'écoulement et p est la densité du gaz en conditions d'écoulement.
  2. Le procédé de la revendication 1 dans lequel la ligne de limite de pompage est définie sur la base de la modélisation du compresseur sur la base de l'écoulement, la pression, la vitesse, la compressibilité et la température.
  3. Le procédé de la revendication 1 dans lequel le paramètre de tête polytropique équivalent est basé sur :
    a) la correction de la tête polytropique en utilisant la vitesse sonique du gaz en condition d'écoulement du compresseur dynamique ;
    b) l'exposant polytropique n = constante.
  4. Le procédé de la revendication 1 dans lequel le paramètre de commande est déterminé sur la base d'un paramètre d'écoulement équivalent.
  5. Le procédé de la revendication 4 dans lequel le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent est :
    a) basé sur la correction d'écoulement volumétrique en utilisant la vitesse sonique du gaz en condition d'écoulement du compresseur dynamique ;
    b) basé sur l'exposant polytropique n = constante.
  6. Le procédé de la revendication 1 dans lequel le paramètre de commande est déterminé sur la base de R = (q2eql op)/(q2eql surge) où q2eql op = un paramètre d'écoulement volumétrique équivalent en condition de fonctionnement et q2eql surge = un paramètre d'écoulement volumétrique équivalent en condition de pompage.
  7. Le procédé de la revendication 1 dans lequel la distance à laquelle le paramètre de commande se trouve de la ligne de limite de pompage (38) est déterminée sur la base du paramètre de commande (R) et est une fonction de [ ((q2eql op)/ f(heq)) -1] où q2eql op est le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent à la condition de fonctionnement et f(heq) est une fonction du paramètre de tête polytropique équivalent définissant la ligne de limite de pompage.
  8. Le procédé de la revendication 7 dans lequel quand la distance à laquelle le paramètre de commande (R) se trouve de la ligne de limite de pompage (38) est supérieure à 0, le compresseur (10) est alors en fonctionnement sur la droite de la ligne de limite de pompage (38) et quand la distance à laquelle le paramètre de commande (R) se trouve de la ligne de limite de pompage est inférieure ou égale à 0, le compresseur (10) est alors en fonctionnement sur la gauche de la ligne de limite de pompage.
  9. Le procédé de la revendication 1 comprenant en sus l'étape consistant à calculer en continu une distance à laquelle le paramètre de commande se trouve d'une ligne de commande de pompage (42).
  10. Le procédé de la revendication 9 dans lequel la ligne de commande de pompage (42) est déterminée sur la base du paramètre de commande (R) et est une fonction de [((q2eql op)/f (heq)) - SM] -1 où q2eql op est le paramètre d'écoulement équivalent (R) en condition de fonctionnement, f(heq) est une fonction du paramètre de tête polytropique définissant la ligne de limite de pompage (38) et SM est la marge de sécurité définissant la ligne de commande de pompage.
  11. Le procédé de la revendication 10 dans lequel, quand la distance à laquelle un paramètre de commande se trouve de la ligne de commande de pompage (42) est égale ou supérieure à 0, la vanne de protection anti-pompage (20) est fermée et quand la distance à laquelle le paramètre de commande se trouve de la ligne de commande de pompage (42) est inférieure à 0, la vanne de protection anti-pompage (20) est ouverte.
EP11165767.2A 2010-05-11 2011-05-11 Procédé de protection contre le pompage d'un compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre caractérisant le pompage Active EP2386762B1 (fr)

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EP18178650.0A EP3406908B1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2011-05-11 Procédé de protection contre le pompage pour compresseur dynamique à l'aide d'un paramètre de pompage

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US12/777,445 US20120100013A9 (en) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10900492B2 (en) * 2010-05-11 2021-01-26 Energy Control Technologies, Inc. Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter
NO333438B1 (no) * 2010-07-14 2013-06-03 Statoil Asa Fremgangsmate og apparat for sammensetningsbasert kompressorkontroll og ytelsesovervaking.
CN105443348A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-03-30 上海金自天正信息技术有限公司 气体压缩机系统
FR3099806B1 (fr) * 2019-08-07 2021-09-03 Safran Power Units Régulation anti-pompage d’un compresseur de charge équipant un groupe auxiliaire de puissance

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US4156578A (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-05-29 Agar Instrumentation Incorporated Control of centrifugal compressors
US4464720A (en) * 1982-02-12 1984-08-07 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Centrifugal compressor surge control system
US4971516A (en) * 1988-05-04 1990-11-20 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Surge control in compressors
US4949276A (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-08-14 Compressor Controls Corp. Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor
US5195875A (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-03-23 Dresser-Rand Company Antisurge control system for compressors
US5306116A (en) * 1992-04-10 1994-04-26 Ingersoll-Rand Company Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor
US5508943A (en) * 1994-04-07 1996-04-16 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a turbocompressor's operating point to the surge limit interface
US5599161A (en) * 1995-11-03 1997-02-04 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for antisurge control of multistage compressors with sidestreams
WO1997024591A1 (fr) * 1996-01-02 1997-07-10 Woodward Governor Company Systeme de regulation et de prevention des surpressions, destine a des compresseurs dynamiques
US5709526A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-01-20 Woodward Governor Company Surge recurrence prevention control system for dynamic compressors
US5908462A (en) * 1996-12-06 1999-06-01 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for antisurge control of turbocompressors having surge limit lines with small slopes
US6503048B1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2003-01-07 Compressor Controls Corporation Method and apparatus for estimating flow in compressors with sidestreams
US7094019B1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2006-08-22 Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors
EP2331825B1 (fr) * 2008-10-07 2017-06-21 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé de commande d'un compresseur et appareil correspondant

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US20110280738A1 (en) 2011-11-17
EP3406908A1 (fr) 2018-11-28
EP3406908B1 (fr) 2021-07-14
EP2386762A1 (fr) 2011-11-16
US20120100013A9 (en) 2012-04-26

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