EP2386762B1 - Verfahren zum Schutz vor Verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen Kompressor mithilfe eines das Verdichterpumpen charakterisierende Parameters - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Schutz vor Verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen Kompressor mithilfe eines das Verdichterpumpen charakterisierende Parameters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2386762B1 EP2386762B1 EP11165767.2A EP11165767A EP2386762B1 EP 2386762 B1 EP2386762 B1 EP 2386762B1 EP 11165767 A EP11165767 A EP 11165767A EP 2386762 B1 EP2386762 B1 EP 2386762B1
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- Prior art keywords
- surge
- parameter
- compressor
- equivalent
- control
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
Definitions
- the present invention is directed toward a dynamic compressor. More specifically, the present invention is directed toward a method of surge protection utilizing an equivalent map surge parameter.
- a typical dynamic compressor has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein the compressor is driven by a compressor driver so that the gas, while flowing through the compressor, is compressed.
- a problem associated with dynamic compressors is the amount of gas that passes through the compressor. Specifically, if an insufficient amount of gas flows through the compressor, a surge occurs within the system causing damage to the compressor. Because of the high price of compressors great care must be taken to ensure that compressors are not damaged.
- an anti-surge or recycling valve is utilized by dynamic compressors to take gas from the outlet of the compressor and recycle it back to the inlet of the compressor to ensure that there is always sufficient gas flowing though the compressor to prevent surges from occurring.
- Compressor surge control systems also known as anti-surge controllers
- PID controller for regulating the anti-surge valve when flow rate decreases below a predefined point.
- Control systems in the art monitor the dynamic compressor system and determine a corresponding compressor map as can be seen in USPN 4,156,578 to Agar and USPN 4,949,276 to Staroselsky.
- a function of volumetric flow at the inlet of the compressor is charted against the polytropic head of the compressor to determine a surge line or surge limit line.
- the surge limit line represents the line on the graph that once passed (a point immediately to the left of the surge limit line) surging of a compressor can occur.
- a safety margin is determined and a surge control line is plotted to the right of the surge limit line.
- the control system then continuously calculates a control parameter that measures a distance to the surge limit line. If the control parameter reaches or is to the left of the surge control line, the controller actuates the anti-surge valve to increase gas flow through the compressor to prevent the control parameter from reaching the surge limit line and causing a surge within the compressor.
- controllers in the industry employ either fan law method or use similitude theory to derive surge control parameters that in theory are invariant to changes in suction conditions or gas composition.
- existing methods for invariant parameter calculations do not completely account for variability in gas compressibility or gas specific heat ratio.
- variations in gas composition tend to make the surge parameter and surge limit line move resulting in operating problems.
- existing methods for the distance to surge calculation method is dynamically insensitive or sluggish especially as the compressor load increases. Thus, for the existing methods, changes in distance to the surge line is smaller for a given change in compressor load.
- a principal objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that prevents damage to the dynamic compressor.
- Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that accounts for multiple variables in determining a control parameter.
- EP 0676545 , WO 2010/040734 and US 5599161 all disclose methods of surge control for compressors. Each discloses different invariant parameters to define a surge limit line or interface.
- the method includes in general continually calculating an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter.
- the method involves defining a surge limit line on the compressor map as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter.
- a control system continually calculates a distance a control parameter is from the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load. Based on the distance an anti-surge valve is adjusted.
- Fig. 1 shows a dynamic compressor 10 that includes a compressor 12 that is driven by a compressor driver 14.
- the compressor driver is of any type including a motor, gas turbine, steam turbine, expander or the like.
- the compressor 12 has a gas inlet 16 and a gas outlet 18 wherein gas flows through the compressor 12 to be compressed.
- An anti-surge or recycle valve 20 is fluidly connected between the gas inlet 16 and gas outlet 18 so that when the anti-surge valve 20 opens a fluid flow path exists to convey gas from the gas outlet 18 to the gas inlet 16.
- a plurality of sensors 22 including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow measurement sensors and the like are placed throughout the dynamic compressor 10 in order to determine processed conditions for the components of the dynamic compressor including the compressor 12, the driver 14, the gas inlet 16, and gas outlet 18 and the anti-surge valve 20.
- the plurality of sensors 22 are electrically connected to the control system 24 where the control system 24 is in communication with all of the components of the dynamic compressor and controls the opening of the anti-surge valve 20.
- Fig. 2 shows a control system 24 used for a dynamic compressor 10.
- a controller 26 such as a Network Master controller is utilized in combination with a load controller 28 that monitors the inlet 16 of the dynamic compressor 10 and a surge controller 30 that monitors and operates the anti-surge valve 20.
- the arrangement and set up of the control system 24 shown in Fig. 2 is merely an example of a control system 24 for a dynamic compressor 10 and is shown as exemplary.
- other control arrangements that utilize Master controllers, load controllers, and surge controllers in series cascade and parallel cascade can be used without falling outside the scope of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is yet another exemplary embodiment of the control system 24 used with another dynamic compressor 10.
- the station and load controllers are not used and instead the control system 24 takes readings straight from the plurality of sensors 22 to determine an input to the surge valve 20.
- the control system 24 of the present invention determines a compressor map that corresponds to the dynamic compressor 10 as best shown in Fig. 4 .
- the compressor map 32 presents a horizontal axis 34 that measures the square of an equivalent flow q 2 eq and has a vertical axis 36 that presents an equivalent polytropic head.
- a surge limit line 38 that is calculated by the control system 24 wherein at points to the left of the surge limit line 38, surge within the dynamic compressor 10 typically occurs.
- a surge control line 42 Spaced at a predetermined distance that is considered a safety margin 40 is a surge control line 42 wherein when a control parameter reaches a point either on or to the left of the surge control line 42 the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 to provide flow through the anti-surge valve 20.
- operating control lines 44 that represent additional control lines that are used if the safety margin 40 is desired to be increased to protect against a surge within a compressor.
- R q 2 eq
- surge ⁇ SM q 2 eq
- op / f h eq ⁇ SM ⁇ 1 R ⁇ 1 so when ⁇ is ⁇ 0 the valve is closed and when ⁇ is ⁇ 0 the valve is open.
- the surge controller acts on ⁇ to actuate the surge valve and prevent surge.
- control system 24 In operation, as the dynamic compressor 10 is operating the control system 24 continually monitors the dynamic compressor 10. The control system 24 continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter and an equivalent flow parameter in the manners discussed above. A surge limit line 38 is defined on the compressor map 32 as a function of the equivalent polytropic head parameter. The control system 24 continually calculates a distance ⁇ that a control parameter R is from the surge limit line 38 wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in the compressor load. Then, as a result of the distance the control parameter is from the surge limit line the control system 24 actuates the anti-surge valve 20 accordingly.
- the equivalent compressor map 32 bases a surge parameter on the polytropic compression process equation and modeling of the dynamic compressor 10 based on flow, pressure, speed (or inlet guide vane), compressibility and temperatures of the dynamic compressor 10.
- the equivalent polytropic head parameter and equivalent flow parameter are based on the dynamic similitude theory, a mach number determination using sonic velocity of gas at flowing conditions and gas compressibility.
- control parameter (R) When determining control parameter (R), the parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load, both in the increasing and decreasing direction. Therefore, presented is a control parameter that has high dynamic sensitivity along with invariance of the surge equivalent parameter due to changes in suction pressure, temperature, gas composition, rotation speed or inlet guide vane geometry. Thus, at the very least all of the stated objectives have been met.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
Claims (11)
- Verfahren zum Schutz vor Verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen Kompressor (10) mit einem entsprechenden Kompressorkennfeld (32), wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:Bereitstellen eines Steuerungssystems (24) mit einem Steuergerät (26);Bereitstellen einer Mehrzahl von Sensoren (22), die konfiguriert sind, um Bedingungen des dynamischen Kompressors (10) zu erfassen, worin die Mehrzahl von Sensoren (22) elektrisch mit dem Steuerungssystem (24) verbunden und in Kommunikation sind;fortlaufendes Berechnen eines äquivalenten polytropischen Druckhöhenparameters mit dem Steuergerät (26);fortlaufendes Berechnen eines äquivalenten Durchflussparameters bei Betriebsbedingungen mit dem Steuergerät, wobei der äquivalente Durchflussparameter eine Funktion vonDefinieren einer Pumpgrenzlinie (38) auf dem Kompressorkennfeld (32) als Funktion des äquivalenten polytropischen Druckhöhenparameters mit dem Steuergerät (26);fortlaufendes Berechnen einer Distanz eines Steuerungsparameter (R) von der Pumpgrenzlinie (38), mit dem Steuergerät (26), durch Teilen des äquivalenten Durchflussparameters bei Betriebsbedingungen durch den äquivalenten Durchflussparameter an der Pumpgrenzlinie (28), worin der Steuerungsparameter (R) gegenüber Veränderungen der Kompressorlast dynamisch ist; undBetätigen eines Pumpverhütungsventils (20) auf Basis der Distanz; und
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin die Pumpgrenzlinie:
basierend auf dem Modellieren des Kompressors auf Basis von Durchfluss, Druck, Drehzahl, Verdichtbarkeit und Temperatur definiert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der äquivalente polytropische Druckhöhenparameter auf Folgendem basiert:a) polytropischer Druckhöhenkorrektur unter Verwendung der Schallgeschwindigkeit von Gas bei einer Durchflussbedingung des dynamischen Kompressors;b) polytropischer Exponent n = konstant.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der Steuerungsparameter auf Basis eines äquivalenten Durchflussparameters bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, worin der äquivalente Durchflussparameter:a) auf Volumendurchflusskorrektur unter Verwendung der Schallgeschwindigkeit von Gas bei einer Durchflussbedingung des dynamischen Kompressors basiert;b) auf dem polytropischen Exponenten n = konstant basiert.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin der Steuerungsparameter auf Basis von R = (q2eql op)/(q2eql surge) bestimmt wird, wobei q2eql op = ein äquivalenter Volumendurchflussparameter bei einer Betriebsbedingung und q2eql surge = ein äquivalenter Volumendurchflussparameter bei einer Pumpbedingung.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin die Distanz, die ein Steuerungsparameter von der Pumpgrenzlinie (38) weg ist, auf Basis des Steuerungsparameters (R) bestimmt wird und eine Funktion von [((q2eql op)/f(heq)) - 1] ist, wobei q2eql op der äquivalente Durchflussparameter bei der Betriebsbedingung ist und f(heq) eine Funktion des die Pumpgrenzlinie definierenden äquivalenten polytropischen Druckhöhenparameters ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, worin, wenn die Distanz des Steuerungsparameters (R) von der Pumpgrenzlinie (38) größer als 0 ist, der Kompressor (10) dann zur Rechten der Pumpgrenzlinie (38) arbeitet und, wenn die Distanz des Steuerungsparameters von der Pumpgrenzlinie kleiner gleich 0 ist, der Kompressor (10) dann zur Linken der Pumpgrenzlinie (38) arbeitet.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend den Schritt des fortlaufenden Berechnens einer Distanz des Steuerungsparameters von der Pumpkontrolllinie (42).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, wobei die Pumpkontrolllinie (42) auf Basis des Steuerungsparameters (R) bestimmt wird und eine Funktion von [((q2eql op)/f(heq)) - SM] -1 ist, wobei q2eql op der äquivalente Durchflussparameter bei einer Betriebsbedingung ist, f(heq) eine Funktion des die Pumpgrenzlinie (38) definierenden äquivalenten polytropischen Druckhöhenparameters ist und SM die die Pumpkontrolllinie definierende Sicherheitsmarge ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, worin, wenn die Distanz eines Steuerungsparameters von der Pumpkontrolllinie (42) größer gleich 0 ist, das Pumpverhütungsventil (20) geschlossen wird und, wenn die Distanz des Steuerungsparameters von der Pumpkontrolllinie (42) weniger als 0 ist, das Pumpverhütungsventil (20) geöffnet wird.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18178650.0A EP3406908B1 (de) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Verfahren zum schutz gegen verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen kompressor unter verwendung eines verdichterpumpen-parameters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/777,445 US20120100013A9 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2010-05-11 | Method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18178650.0A Division EP3406908B1 (de) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Verfahren zum schutz gegen verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen kompressor unter verwendung eines verdichterpumpen-parameters |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2386762A1 EP2386762A1 (de) | 2011-11-16 |
EP2386762B1 true EP2386762B1 (de) | 2018-06-20 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11165767.2A Active EP2386762B1 (de) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Verfahren zum Schutz vor Verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen Kompressor mithilfe eines das Verdichterpumpen charakterisierende Parameters |
EP18178650.0A Active EP3406908B1 (de) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Verfahren zum schutz gegen verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen kompressor unter verwendung eines verdichterpumpen-parameters |
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EP18178650.0A Active EP3406908B1 (de) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-11 | Verfahren zum schutz gegen verdichterpumpen für einen dynamischen kompressor unter verwendung eines verdichterpumpen-parameters |
Country Status (2)
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US (1) | US20120100013A9 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2386762B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10900492B2 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2021-01-26 | Energy Control Technologies, Inc. | Method of anti-surge protection for a dynamic compressor using a surge parameter |
NO333438B1 (no) * | 2010-07-14 | 2013-06-03 | Statoil Asa | Fremgangsmate og apparat for sammensetningsbasert kompressorkontroll og ytelsesovervaking. |
CN105443348A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-30 | 上海金自天正信息技术有限公司 | 气体压缩机系统 |
FR3099806B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-09-03 | Safran Power Units | Régulation anti-pompage d’un compresseur de charge équipant un groupe auxiliaire de puissance |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4156578A (en) * | 1977-08-02 | 1979-05-29 | Agar Instrumentation Incorporated | Control of centrifugal compressors |
US4464720A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1984-08-07 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Centrifugal compressor surge control system |
US4971516A (en) * | 1988-05-04 | 1990-11-20 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Surge control in compressors |
US4949276A (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1990-08-14 | Compressor Controls Corp. | Method and apparatus for preventing surge in a dynamic compressor |
US5195875A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-03-23 | Dresser-Rand Company | Antisurge control system for compressors |
US5306116A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-04-26 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Surge control and recovery for a centrifugal compressor |
US5508943A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-04-16 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a turbocompressor's operating point to the surge limit interface |
US5599161A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-02-04 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for antisurge control of multistage compressors with sidestreams |
EP0871853B1 (de) * | 1996-01-02 | 2004-01-02 | Woodward Governor Company | Regelsystem zur überspannungsverhütung bei dynamischen kompressoren |
US5709526A (en) * | 1996-01-02 | 1998-01-20 | Woodward Governor Company | Surge recurrence prevention control system for dynamic compressors |
US5908462A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-06-01 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for antisurge control of turbocompressors having surge limit lines with small slopes |
US6503048B1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-01-07 | Compressor Controls Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating flow in compressors with sidestreams |
US7094019B1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-08-22 | Continuous Control Solutions, Inc. | System and method of surge limit control for turbo compressors |
US8840358B2 (en) * | 2008-10-07 | 2014-09-23 | Shell Oil Company | Method of controlling a compressor and apparatus therefor |
-
2010
- 2010-05-11 US US12/777,445 patent/US20120100013A9/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-05-11 EP EP11165767.2A patent/EP2386762B1/de active Active
- 2011-05-11 EP EP18178650.0A patent/EP3406908B1/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3406908B1 (de) | 2021-07-14 |
US20120100013A9 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US20110280738A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
EP2386762A1 (de) | 2011-11-16 |
EP3406908A1 (de) | 2018-11-28 |
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