EP2386455B1 - Rail inspecting device - Google Patents

Rail inspecting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2386455B1
EP2386455B1 EP11003757.9A EP11003757A EP2386455B1 EP 2386455 B1 EP2386455 B1 EP 2386455B1 EP 11003757 A EP11003757 A EP 11003757A EP 2386455 B1 EP2386455 B1 EP 2386455B1
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Prior art keywords
rail
accordance
inspection apparatus
measuring devices
measuring
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2386455B2 (en
EP2386455A1 (en
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Eurailscout Inspection & Analysis Bv
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Eurailscout Inspection & Analysis Bv
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
    • B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
    • B61L23/042—Track changes detection
    • B61L23/044—Broken rails

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for testing rails, especially railroad tracks, but also tram and subway rails and the like for hidden defects such as cracks.
  • Known rail testing devices are incorporated in rail test trains, such as the applicant's UST96 ultrasonic rail test train. They are used to detect hidden defects in rails, such as cracks and the like.
  • the test is performed with ultrasound, which is introduced by means of a test device from above the rail in this.
  • the ultrasound is reflected at the bottom of the rail and gives a response signal in the tester. If there are cracks, the reflection of the ultrasound takes place earlier, namely between the top of the rail and the underside of the rail. The response signal is therefore different and can be detected and analyzed.
  • eddy current tests of the rails are carried out. Again, this can be done with such Schienenprüfmann.
  • the measuring data of the probes are transmitted to a control computer, where further data such as GPS and displacement information are collected.
  • a pre-selection of surface damage events takes place by means of a special evaluation software. All measured data are subject to direct evaluation here.
  • a detailed evaluation by a computer done off-line. The displays are displayed on the screen as amplitudes above the track.
  • the measurements are carried out at speeds of up to 100 km / h.
  • the vehicle is equipped with state-of-the-art measuring and computer technology.
  • sixteen guided probes "see" each rail at different angles into the rails. Of course, a different number of probes can be used.
  • the control electronics ensure a permanent optimization of the signal levels. Rail profiles are automatically taken into account during optimization.
  • the test data of the test channels are processed directly by means of evaluation software and displayed on the display of the test system.
  • the rail test trains comprise measuring bogies, with pairs of wheels spread apart, i. be pressed by means of force against the rail inner edges. This ensures that the wheels are always in the same position relative to the associated rail.
  • the position of the test device is thus determined transversely to the rail longitudinal direction, so that it can be ensured that the ultrasound test takes place at the intended position, namely in the region of the rail web and its extension into the rail head and the rail foot. Only this ensures that the ultrasound runs through the entire rail and is only reflected on its underside, provided that no damage is present.
  • This embodiment of the Schienenprüfman also has the disadvantage that false triggering of railway signals due to the track release means in the rails occur. Since different counting principles exist, it is difficult to avoid false axis counts and thus false tripping. As a result, serious consequences, including road closures, are known to arise, the removal of which requires the use of the Federal Border police.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid these problems.
  • an improved rail inspection device should be specified.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the device is at least substantially rigidly connected to at least one axis of the rail vehicle and supported by this or these axes.
  • test apparatus Unlike known testers this is therefore not on the car body or bogie and thus not resiliently supported, but is supported by the axles, which are not sprung against the rail are. As a result, the test apparatus has an unambiguous position relative to the upper edge of the rail, so that no falsification of the measurement results occurs.
  • a slightly resilient mounting of the test apparatus relative to the axes is basically possible, as long as it is ensured that the permitted relative movement does not lead to any falsification of the measurement results. However, a completely rigid connection is preferred.
  • the test device is suspended in particular on laterally outwardly projecting portions of the wheel axles on this. This has proven to be particularly advantageous for the arrangement of the test apparatus. In principle, however, a suspension would be possible in an axle area located between the wheels.
  • the test device according to the invention preferably comprises a frame, which carries the measuring devices and in turn is rigidly connected to at least one wheel axle. Above the frame, the measuring devices can be worn in a suitable manner.
  • the frame can also accommodate several measuring devices.
  • test device is suspended on two adjacent wheel axles and preferably has a torsion compensation device. This results in a suspension at four points, which is particularly stable. About the torsion compensation device can be prevented that the tester changes the torsional properties of the bogie.
  • test apparatus are arranged one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction, in particular also different test apparatuses, such as ultrasonic testing apparatus, from one another and inductive testing device, for example eddy current testing device. Due to the suspension of the testers on the wheel axles so much space is gained over known testers that two testers can be easily arranged in the longitudinal direction one behind the other. This allows two different measurements to be carried out simultaneously with a single measuring bogie.
  • test apparatuses such as ultrasonic testing apparatus
  • the measuring devices of the test device according to the invention are preferably mounted displaceably transversely to the rail longitudinal direction, in particular with respect to the frame. This can ensure that the measuring devices are in the optimum position to the rail to perform the measurements.
  • the adjustment of the measuring devices can be done for example by stepper motors and regulated in a known manner.
  • test apparatus on measuring devices, which are mounted transversely to the longitudinal extent of the rails displaceable, wherein means are provided for positioning the measuring devices relative to the rail, which operate without contact with the rail.
  • This slidable bearing and positioning device can also be used in conventional test devices, in which the test device is suspended on the bogie or on the car body. In this case, however, dispenses with the spreading of the pairs of wheels and instead determines the position of the test apparatus, in particular the wheels of the measuring bogie relative to the rail. About a control device, the position of the tester can be adjusted in the desired manner, for example, again on stepper motors or the like.
  • the test apparatus has, in particular, means for positioning the measuring head, means for measuring the distance between the measuring head and the rail, and means for moving the measuring head relative to the rail. The distance measurement can be carried out by means of laser, radar, eddy current, ultrasound or mechanical.
  • the invention has the advantage that no Aufsp Rudsch must be provided and that the disadvantages associated with the spreading no longer occur. In particular, turnouts can be run over easily, and there is no derailment required.
  • the invention can be developed in particular by the fact that the wheels are made of plastic and / or have no flange. Incorrect axle counting can be avoided by the use of plastic, and the absence of a flange on the wheels in turn increases the derailment of the device when driving over turnouts.
  • An inventive Schienenprüfzug may have a plurality of such Schienenprüfvorraumen.
  • several pairs of such rail test devices may be provided with one test device for each rail.
  • two pairs can be arranged on a frame with two pairs of wheels and two or more racks in a row be present.
  • the distance measurement takes place between the rail and the associated testing device itself or a part of the rail testing device rigidly connected thereto, preferably the associated wheel of the rail testing device, so that in each case the relative position between rail and associated testing device can be determined.
  • the Measurement can be carried out by laser, radar, eddy current, mechanical means, ultrasound or in any other way.
  • the measurement can be continuous or at intervals.
  • the adjustment of the wheels and thus the test apparatus relative to the rail in a known manner, for example by servo motors.
  • the rail inspection device according to the invention can also be integrated in a normal bogie.
  • the distance can also be measured by providing means by which a laser cutting profile of the rail can be created, means for detecting the rail type based on the cutting profile, means for measuring a point on the rail and means for determining the position of the rail web based on these data , On the basis of the determined laser cutting profile, the rail type can be determined. The position of the bar can then be determined with the help of the rail type and the measured point.
  • Another possibility is to detect two corner points of the rail head and to determine the position of the rail web over the average value of the distances of the two corner points.
  • the means for positioning the measuring devices are preferably arranged at a distance from the measuring devices themselves. As a result, a disturbance of the distance measurement can be avoided by the rail inspection. For example, in ultrasonic measurements, a water film is used which would interfere with a distance laser measurement.
  • a laser triangulation measurement or a laser phase displacement measurement may be performed, in which the laser is directed to a rail edge.
  • rapid changes in the distance can be detected a change or a different distance in a front region and a rear region of the test device can be determined.
  • Stellstellsysteme can compensate for such a difference.
  • a so-called line-scan camera is sufficient for recording the triangulation points.
  • a not shown in the drawing rail vehicle has a bogie 1, which may be designed as a special measuring bogie, but need not.
  • the bogie comprises two axles 2, each carrying in a known manner two wheels 3, which roll on rails 4 of a track.
  • a chassis receptacle 5 is arranged, which is supported on the axles 2 via damping and spring devices 6. Also supported by the axles 2 is a frame 7 which, however, is not resiliently supported relative to the axles 2 but is at least substantially rigidly connected thereto.
  • the frame 7 carried by the axles 2 in turn carries two testing devices 8 which are arranged one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction and spaced from each other.
  • Each of the rail testers 8 constitutes its own test system, and the type of test between the two rail testers 8 may be different. Of course, too only one rail inspection device 8 or more than two rail inspection devices 8 may be arranged on the frame 7.
  • the rail testing devices 8 are connected in a manner not shown transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails 4 slidably connected to the frame 7.
  • the test devices can therefore be brought into a suitable position with respect to the transverse direction of the rails. This can ensure that, for example, an ultrasonic measurement in the region of the web 10 of the rails 4 takes place.
  • a distance measurement can be used.
  • the distance measurement is carried out in particular contactless, for example by means of laser, radar, eddy current, ultrasound or mechanical.
  • Particularly preferred is a distance determination on the creation of a laser cutting profile and recognize the rail type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Schienen, insbesondere Eisenbahnschienen, aber auch Straßenbahn- und U-Bahn-Schienen und ähnliches auf verdeckte Fehler wie Risse.The present invention relates to a device for testing rails, especially railroad tracks, but also tram and subway rails and the like for hidden defects such as cracks.

Bekannte Schienenprüfvorrichtungen sind in Schienenprüfzüge eingebaut, wie beispielsweise den Ultraschall-Schienenprüfzug UST96 der Anmelderin. Sie dienen dazu, verdeckte Fehler in Schienen aufzufinden, beispielsweise Risse und ähnliches. Die Prüfung erfolgt mit Ultraschall, der mittels einer Prüfvorrichtung von oberhalb der Schiene in diese eingebracht wird. Der Ultraschall wird an der Unterseite der Schiene reflektiert und ergibt in der Prüfvorrichtung ein Antwortsignal. Sind Risse vorhanden, so erfolgt die Reflexion des Ultraschalls bereits früher, nämlich zwischen Schienenoberkante und Unterseite der Schiene. Das Antwortsignal ist daher verschieden und kann detektiert und analysiert werden.Known rail testing devices are incorporated in rail test trains, such as the applicant's UST96 ultrasonic rail test train. They are used to detect hidden defects in rails, such as cracks and the like. The test is performed with ultrasound, which is introduced by means of a test device from above the rail in this. The ultrasound is reflected at the bottom of the rail and gives a response signal in the tester. If there are cracks, the reflection of the ultrasound takes place earlier, namely between the top of the rail and the underside of the rail. The response signal is therefore different and can be detected and analyzed.

Für bestimmte Fehler sind Ultraschallprüfungen schwierig auszuwerten oder nicht ausreichend. Es werden daher auch Wirbelstromprüfungen der Schienen durchgeführt. Auch dies kann mit derartigen Schienenprüfzügen erfolgen. Bei der Wirbelstromprüfung werden die Messdaten der Sonden an einen Steuerrechner geleitet, wo weitere Daten wie GPS und Wegtakt-Informationen zusammengetragen werden. Hier erfolgt mittels einer speziellen Auswertesoftware eine Vorauswahl an Ereignissen von Oberflächenschädigungen. Alle Messdaten unterliegen hier der direkten Auswertung. Darüber hinaus kann eine detaillierte Auswertung durch einen Computer off-line erfolgen. Die Anzeigen werden auf dem Bildschirm als Amplituden über dem Fahrweg dargestellt.For certain errors, ultrasonic tests are difficult or impossible to evaluate. Therefore, eddy current tests of the rails are carried out. Again, this can be done with such Schienenprüfzügen. During the eddy current test, the measuring data of the probes are transmitted to a control computer, where further data such as GPS and displacement information are collected. Here, a pre-selection of surface damage events takes place by means of a special evaluation software. All measured data are subject to direct evaluation here. In addition, a detailed evaluation by a computer done off-line. The displays are displayed on the screen as amplitudes above the track.

Die Messungen werden bei Geschwindigkeiten bis zu 100 km/h durchgeführt. Dafür ist das Fahrzeug mit modernster Mess- und Computertechnik ausgerüstet. Bei der Ultraschallprüfung "sehen" sechzehn geführte Prüfköpfe je Schiene unter verschiedenen Winkeln in die Schienen hinein. Natürlich kann auch eine andere Zahl von Prüfköpfen verwendet werden. Die Steuerelektronik sorgt für eine permanente Optimierung der Signalpegel. Schienenprofile werden bei der Optimierung automatisch berücksichtigt. Die Prüfdaten der Prüfkanäle werden direkt mittels Auswertesoftware verarbeitet und auf dem Display des Prüfsystems dargestellt.The measurements are carried out at speeds of up to 100 km / h. The vehicle is equipped with state-of-the-art measuring and computer technology. In the ultrasonic test, sixteen guided probes "see" each rail at different angles into the rails. Of course, a different number of probes can be used. The control electronics ensure a permanent optimization of the signal levels. Rail profiles are automatically taken into account during optimization. The test data of the test channels are processed directly by means of evaluation software and displayed on the display of the test system.

Bei herkömmlichen Schienenprüfvorrichtungen weisen die Schienenprüfzüge Messdrehgestelle auf, mit Radpaaren, die aufgespreizt, d.h. mittels Stellkraft gegen die Schieneninnenkanten gepresst werden. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass sich die Räder immer in derselben Position zur zugehörigen Schiene befinden. Über die Räder ist damit auch die Position der Prüfvorrichtung quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung festgelegt, so dass sichergestellt werden kann, dass die Ultraschallprüfung an der vorgesehenen Position erfolgt, nämlich im Bereich des Schienensteges und seiner Verlängerung in den Schienenkopf und den Schienenfuß. Nur dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass der Ultraschall durch die gesamte Schiene läuft und erst an deren Unterseite reflektiert wird, sofern keine Schäden vorhanden sind.In conventional rail testers, the rail test trains comprise measuring bogies, with pairs of wheels spread apart, i. be pressed by means of force against the rail inner edges. This ensures that the wheels are always in the same position relative to the associated rail. By means of the wheels, the position of the test device is thus determined transversely to the rail longitudinal direction, so that it can be ensured that the ultrasound test takes place at the intended position, namely in the region of the rail web and its extension into the rail head and the rail foot. Only this ensures that the ultrasound runs through the entire rail and is only reflected on its underside, provided that no damage is present.

Bei bekannten Schienenprüfzügen der genannten Art sind die Prüfvorrichtungen am Wagenkasten oder Drehgestell aufgehängt. Da Wagenkasten und Drehgestell federnd gelagert sind, bewegt sich auch die Prüfvorrichtung verhältnismäßig stark. Dadurch kann keine eindeutige Lage der Prüfvorrichtung gegenüber der Schienenoberkante sichergestellt werden.In known Schienenprüfzügen of the type mentioned the testers are suspended on the car body or bogie. Since the car body and bogie are resiliently mounted, also moves the tester relatively strong. As a result, no clear position of the test apparatus relative to the upper edge of the rail can be ensured.

Diese Ausgestaltung der Schienenprüfzüge hat außerdem den Nachteil, dass Fehlauslösungen von Eisenbahnsignalen aufgrund der Gleisfreischaltmittel in den Schienen auftreten. Da unterschiedliche Zählprinzipien existieren, ist es schwierig, falsche Achszählungen und damit Fehlauslösungen zu vermeiden. Daraus entstehen bekanntermaßen gravierende Folgen bis hin zu Streckensperrungen, deren Aufhebung teilweise den Einsatz des Bundesgrenzschutzes erforderlich macht.This embodiment of the Schienenprüfzüge also has the disadvantage that false triggering of railway signals due to the track release means in the rails occur. Since different counting principles exist, it is difficult to avoid false axis counts and thus false tripping. As a result, serious consequences, including road closures, are known to arise, the removal of which requires the use of the Federal Border Police.

Problematisch ist auch das Weichenfahren, da im Herzstück der Weiche ein führungsloser Bereich existiert, der aufgrund der aufgespreizten Räder nicht ohne weiteres überfahren werden kann. Hinzu kommt, dass ein Entgleisungsschutz vorgesehen werden muss, der nicht nur eine erhebliche Gewichtserhöhung mit sich bringt, sondern auch Risiken beim Betrieb des Schienenprüfzugs.Also problematic is the Weichenfahren, since in the heart of the switch a guideless area exists, which can not be easily run over because of the spread wheels. In addition, a derailment protection must be provided, which not only brings a significant increase in weight with it, but also risks in operating the Schienenprüfzugs.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Probleme zu vermeiden. Insbesondere soll eine verbesserte Schienenprüfvorrichtung angegeben werden.The invention is therefore based on the object to avoid these problems. In particular, an improved rail inspection device should be specified.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, dass die Vorrichtung zumindest im Wesentlichen starr mit mindestens einer Achse des Schienenfahrzeugs verbunden und von dieser oder diesen Achsen getragen ist.This object is achieved in a device according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the device is at least substantially rigidly connected to at least one axis of the rail vehicle and supported by this or these axes.

Anders als bei bekannten Prüfvorrichtungen ist diese also nicht am Wagenkasten oder Drehgestell und damit nicht federnd gelagert, sondern wird von den Achsen getragen, die gegenüber der Schiene nicht gefedert sind. Die Prüfvorrichtung weist dadurch eine eindeutige Lage gegenüber der Schienenoberkante auf, so dass es zu keiner Verfälschung der Messergebnisse kommt. Eine leicht federnde Lagerung der Prüfvorrichtung gegenüber den Achsen ist dabei grundsätzlich möglich, solange sichergestellt ist, dass die zugelassene Relativbewegung zu keiner Verfälschung der Messergebnisse führt. Eine völlig starre Verbindung ist jedoch bevorzugt.Unlike known testers this is therefore not on the car body or bogie and thus not resiliently supported, but is supported by the axles, which are not sprung against the rail are. As a result, the test apparatus has an unambiguous position relative to the upper edge of the rail, so that no falsification of the measurement results occurs. A slightly resilient mounting of the test apparatus relative to the axes is basically possible, as long as it is ensured that the permitted relative movement does not lead to any falsification of the measurement results. However, a completely rigid connection is preferred.

Die Prüfvorrichtung ist insbesondere über seitlich nach außen überstehende Abschnitte der Radachsen an diesen aufgehängt. Dies hat sich für die Anordnung der Prüfvorrichtung als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Grundsätzlich wäre aber auch eine Aufhängung in einem zwischen den Rädern gelegenen Achsbereich möglich.The test device is suspended in particular on laterally outwardly projecting portions of the wheel axles on this. This has proven to be particularly advantageous for the arrangement of the test apparatus. In principle, however, a suspension would be possible in an axle area located between the wheels.

Die erfindungsgemäße Prüfvorrichtung umfasst bevorzugt einen Rahmen, der die Messeinrichtungen trägt und seinerseits starr mit mindestens einer Radachse verbunden ist. Über dem Rahmen können die Messeinrichtungen in geeigneter Weise getragen werden. Dabei kann der Rahmen auch mehrere Messeinrichtungen aufnehmen.The test device according to the invention preferably comprises a frame, which carries the measuring devices and in turn is rigidly connected to at least one wheel axle. Above the frame, the measuring devices can be worn in a suitable manner. The frame can also accommodate several measuring devices.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Prüfvorrichtung an zwei benachbarten Radachsen aufgehängt ist und bevorzugt eine Torsionsausgleichseinrichtung aufweist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Aufhängung an vier Punkten, die besonders stabil ist. Über die Torsionsausgleichseinrichtung kann verhindert werden, dass die Prüfvorrichtung die Torsionseigenschaften des Drehgestells verändert.It is particularly preferred if the test device is suspended on two adjacent wheel axles and preferably has a torsion compensation device. This results in a suspension at four points, which is particularly stable. About the torsion compensation device can be prevented that the tester changes the torsional properties of the bogie.

Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind mindestens zwei Prüfvorrichtung in Schienenlängsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet, insbesondere auch voneinander verschiedene Prüfvorrichtungen wie Ultraschallprüfvorrichtung und induktive Prüfvorrichtung, beispielsweise Wirbelstromprüfvorrichtung. Aufgrund der Aufhängung der Prüfvorrichtungen an den Radachsen wird gegenüber bekannten Prüfvorrichtungen so viel Platz gewonnen, dass zwei Prüfvorrichtungen problemlos in Längsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet werden können. Damit können mit einem einzigen Messdrehgestell zwei unterschiedliche Messungen gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least two test apparatus are arranged one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction, in particular also different test apparatuses, such as ultrasonic testing apparatus, from one another and inductive testing device, for example eddy current testing device. Due to the suspension of the testers on the wheel axles so much space is gained over known testers that two testers can be easily arranged in the longitudinal direction one behind the other. This allows two different measurements to be carried out simultaneously with a single measuring bogie.

Die Messeinrichtungen der erfindungsgemäßen Prüfvorrichtung sind bevorzugt quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung verschiebbar gelagert, insbesondere gegenüber dem Rahmen. Dadurch kann gewährleistet werden, dass sich die Messeinrichtungen in der optimalen Position zur Schiene befinden, um die Messungen durchzuführen. Die Verstellung der Messeinrichtungen kann beispielsweise durch Schrittmotoren erfolgen und in bekannter Weise geregelt sein.The measuring devices of the test device according to the invention are preferably mounted displaceably transversely to the rail longitudinal direction, in particular with respect to the frame. This can ensure that the measuring devices are in the optimum position to the rail to perform the measurements. The adjustment of the measuring devices can be done for example by stepper motors and regulated in a known manner.

Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die auch für sich beansprucht wird, weist die Prüfvorrichtung Messeinrichtungen auf, die quer zur Längserstreckung der Schienen verschiebbar gelagert sind, wobei Mittel zur Positionierung der Messeinrichtungen relativ zur Schiene vorgesehen sind, die ohne Kontakt zur Schiene arbeiten.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, which is also claimed for itself, the test apparatus on measuring devices, which are mounted transversely to the longitudinal extent of the rails displaceable, wherein means are provided for positioning the measuring devices relative to the rail, which operate without contact with the rail.

Diese verschiebbare Lagerung und Positioniereinrichtung kann auch bei herkömmlichen Prüfvorrichtungen eingesetzt werden, bei denen die Prüfvorrichtung am Drehgestell oder am Wagenkasten aufgehängt ist. Dabei wird jedoch auf das Aufspreizen der Radpaare verzichtet und stattdessen die Position der Prüfvorrichtung, insbesondere der Räder des Messdrehgestells relativ zur Schiene ermittelt. Über eine Regeleinrichtung kann die Position der Prüfvorrichtung in gewünschter Weise eingestellt werden, beispielsweise wieder über Schrittmotoren oder dergleichen. Die erfindungsgemäße Prüfvorrichtung weist dabei insbesondere Mittel zum Positionieren des Messkopfes, Mittel zum Messen des Abstandes zwischen Messkopf und Schiene sowie Mittel zum Bewegen des Messkopfes relativ zur Schiene auf. Die Abstandsmessung kann dabei mittels Laser, Radar, Wirbelstrom, Ultraschall oder mechanisch erfolgen.This slidable bearing and positioning device can also be used in conventional test devices, in which the test device is suspended on the bogie or on the car body. In this case, however, dispenses with the spreading of the pairs of wheels and instead determines the position of the test apparatus, in particular the wheels of the measuring bogie relative to the rail. About a control device, the position of the tester can be adjusted in the desired manner, for example, again on stepper motors or the like. The inventive In this case, the test apparatus has, in particular, means for positioning the measuring head, means for measuring the distance between the measuring head and the rail, and means for moving the measuring head relative to the rail. The distance measurement can be carried out by means of laser, radar, eddy current, ultrasound or mechanical.

Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass keine Aufspreizmittel vorgesehen werden müssen und dass die mit dem Aufspreizen verbundenen Nachteile nicht mehr auftreten. Insbesondere können Weichen ohne weiteres überfahren werden, und es ist kein Entgleisungsschutz notwendig.The invention has the advantage that no Aufspreizmittel must be provided and that the disadvantages associated with the spreading no longer occur. In particular, turnouts can be run over easily, and there is no derailment required.

Die Erfindung kann insbesondere dadurch weitergebildet werden, dass die Räder aus Kunststoff hergestellt werden und/oder keinen Spurkranz aufweisen. Durch die Verwendung von Kunststoff können falsche Achszählungen vermieden werden, und der Verzicht auf einen Spurkranz bei den Rädern vergrößert wiederum die Entgleisungssicherheit der Vorrichtung beim Überfahren von Weichen.The invention can be developed in particular by the fact that the wheels are made of plastic and / or have no flange. Incorrect axle counting can be avoided by the use of plastic, and the absence of a flange on the wheels in turn increases the derailment of the device when driving over turnouts.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Schienenprüfzug kann mehrere derartige Schienenprüfvorrichtungen aufweisen. Insbesondere können mehrere Paare derartiger Schienenprüfvorrichtungen mit jeweils einer Prüfvorrichtung für jede Schiene vorgesehen sein. Dabei können jeweils zwei Paare an einem Gestell mit zwei Radpaaren angeordnet und zwei oder mehr Gestelle hintereinander vorhanden sein.An inventive Schienenprüfzug may have a plurality of such Schienenprüfvorrichtungen. In particular, several pairs of such rail test devices may be provided with one test device for each rail. In each case two pairs can be arranged on a frame with two pairs of wheels and two or more racks in a row be present.

Die Abstandsmessung erfolgt zwischen der Schiene und der zugehörigen Prüfvorrichtung selbst bzw. einem mit dieser starr verbundenen Teil der Schienenprüfvorrichtung, bevorzugt dem zugehörigen Rad der Schienenprüfvorrichtung, so dass in jedem Falle die Relativposition zwischen Schiene und zugehöriger Prüfvorrichtung festgestellt werden kann. Die Messung kann durch Laser, Radar, Wirbelstrom, mechanische Mittel, Ultraschall oder in sonstiger Weise erfolgen. Die Messung kann kontinuierlich oder in Abständen erfolgen. Die Verstellung der Räder und damit der Prüfvorrichtung gegenüber der Schiene erfolgt in bekannter Weise, beispielsweise durch Stellmotoren. Die erfindungsgemäße Schienenprüfvorrichtung kann auch in ein normales Drehgestell integriert werden.The distance measurement takes place between the rail and the associated testing device itself or a part of the rail testing device rigidly connected thereto, preferably the associated wheel of the rail testing device, so that in each case the relative position between rail and associated testing device can be determined. The Measurement can be carried out by laser, radar, eddy current, mechanical means, ultrasound or in any other way. The measurement can be continuous or at intervals. The adjustment of the wheels and thus the test apparatus relative to the rail in a known manner, for example by servo motors. The rail inspection device according to the invention can also be integrated in a normal bogie.

Der Abstand kann auch dadurch gemessen werden, dass Mittel vorgesehen sind, durch welche ein Laserschnittprofil der Schiene erstellbar ist, Mittel zum Erkennen des Schienentyps anhand des Schnittprofils, Mittel zum Messen eines Punktes an der Schiene sowie Mittel zum Bestimmen der Position des Schienensteges anhand dieser Daten. Anhand des festgestellten Laserschnittprofils kann der Schienentyp ermittelt werden. Mit Hilfe des Schienentyps und dem gemessenen Punkt kann dann die Position des Steges bestimmt werden.The distance can also be measured by providing means by which a laser cutting profile of the rail can be created, means for detecting the rail type based on the cutting profile, means for measuring a point on the rail and means for determining the position of the rail web based on these data , On the basis of the determined laser cutting profile, the rail type can be determined. The position of the bar can then be determined with the help of the rail type and the measured point.

Eine andere Möglichkeit besteht darin, zwei Eckpunkte des Schienenkopfes zu erfassen und über den Mittelwert der Abstände der beiden Eckpunkte die Position des Schienensteges zu bestimmen.Another possibility is to detect two corner points of the rail head and to determine the position of the rail web over the average value of the distances of the two corner points.

Die Mittel zur Positionierung der Messeinrichtungen sind bevorzugt von den Messeinrichtungen selbst beabstandet angeordnet. Dadurch kann eine Störung der Abstandsmessung durch die Schienenprüfung vermieden werden. Beispielsweise bei Ultraschallmessungen wird ein Wasserfilm verwendet, der eine Abstandslasermessung stören würde.The means for positioning the measuring devices are preferably arranged at a distance from the measuring devices themselves. As a result, a disturbance of the distance measurement can be avoided by the rail inspection. For example, in ultrasonic measurements, a water film is used which would interfere with a distance laser measurement.

Zusätzlich zu der zuvor beschriebenen Laserabstandsmessung kann eine Lasertriangulationsmessung oder eine Laserphasenverschiebungsmessung durchgeführt werden, bei welcher der Laser auf eine Schienenkante gerichtet ist. Dadurch können schnelle Änderungen des Abstandes erfasst werden, und es kann auch eine Änderung oder ein unterschiedlicher Abstand in einem vorderen Bereich und einem hinteren Bereich der Prüfvorrichtung festgestellt werden. Über Stellsysteme kann ein solcher Unterschied ausgeglichen werden. Für die Aufnahme der Triangulationspunkte reicht grundsätzlich eine so genannte Line-Scan-Kamera aus.In addition to the laser distance measurement described above, a laser triangulation measurement or a laser phase displacement measurement may be performed, in which the laser is directed to a rail edge. As a result, rapid changes in the distance can be detected a change or a different distance in a front region and a rear region of the test device can be determined. Stellstellsysteme can compensate for such a difference. In principle, a so-called line-scan camera is sufficient for recording the triangulation points.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigt, als einzige Figur in schematischer Darstellung

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht eines Drehgestells mit erfindungsgemäßer Prüfvorrichtung.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described below. It shows, as a single figure in a schematic representation
Fig. 1
a side view of a bogie with inventive tester.

Ein in der Zeichnung nicht dargestelltes Schienenfahrzeug weist ein Drehgestell 1 auf, welches als spezielles Messdrehgestell ausgebildet sein kann, aber nicht muss. Das Drehgestell umfasst zwei Achsen 2, die jeweils in bekannter Weise zwei Räder 3 tragen, die auf Schienen 4 eines Gleises abrollen.A not shown in the drawing rail vehicle has a bogie 1, which may be designed as a special measuring bogie, but need not. The bogie comprises two axles 2, each carrying in a known manner two wheels 3, which roll on rails 4 of a track.

Zwischen den beiden Achsen 2 ist eine Fahrgestellaufnahme 5 angeordnet, die über Dämpfungs- und Federeinrichtungen 6 auf den Achsen 2 abgestützt ist. Ebenfalls von den Achsen 2 getragen ist ein Rahmen 7, der jedoch gegenüber den Achsen 2 nicht federnd gelagert sondern mit diesen zumindest im Wesentlichen starr verbunden ist. Der von den Achsen 2 getragene Rahmen 7 trägt seinerseits zwei Prüfvorrichtungen 8, die in Schienenlängsrichtung hintereinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind. Jede der Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 stellt ein eigenes Prüfsystem dar, wobei die Art der Prüfung zwischen den beiden Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 verschieden sein kann. Selbstverständlich kann auch nur eine Schienenprüfvorrichtung 8 oder mehr als zwei Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 an dem Rahmen 7 angeordnet sein.Between the two axles 2 a chassis receptacle 5 is arranged, which is supported on the axles 2 via damping and spring devices 6. Also supported by the axles 2 is a frame 7 which, however, is not resiliently supported relative to the axles 2 but is at least substantially rigidly connected thereto. The frame 7 carried by the axles 2 in turn carries two testing devices 8 which are arranged one behind the other in the rail longitudinal direction and spaced from each other. Each of the rail testers 8 constitutes its own test system, and the type of test between the two rail testers 8 may be different. Of course, too only one rail inspection device 8 or more than two rail inspection devices 8 may be arranged on the frame 7.

Wie man in Fig. 1 erkennt, ist der Rahmen 7 an seitlich nach außen über die Räder 3 überstehenden Abschnitten der beiden Achsen 2 aufgehängt. Durch die insgesamt vier Aufhängpunkte ergibt sich so eine besonders stabile Aufhängung der Prüfvorrichtungen 8. Da diese ihrerseits starr mit dem Rahmen 7 verbunden sind, ist der Abstand der Prüfvorrichtungen 8 gegenüber der Oberkante 9 der Schiene praktisch fest. Es können daher keine Verfälschungen durch Vertikalbewegungen der Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 gegenüber der Schienenoberkante 9 auftreten.How to get in Fig. 1 detects, the frame 7 is suspended on laterally outwardly beyond the wheels 3 protruding portions of the two axes 2. Due to the total of four suspension points, this results in a particularly stable suspension of the test devices 8. Since these in turn are rigidly connected to the frame 7, the distance of the test devices 8 with respect to the upper edge 9 of the rail is practically fixed. Therefore, no distortions due to vertical movements of the rail test devices 8 with respect to the rail top edge 9 can occur.

Die Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 sind auf nicht dargestellte Weise quer zur Längsrichtung der Schienen 4 verschiebbar mit dem Rahmen 7 verbunden. Über entsprechende Stellmittel wie Schrittmotoren und Regeleinrichtungen können die Prüfvorrichtungen daher in geeignete Position in Bezug auf die Querrichtung der Schienen gebracht werden. Damit kann sichergestellt werden, dass beispielsweise eine Ultraschallmessung im Bereich des Steges 10 der Schienen 4 erfolgt.The rail testing devices 8 are connected in a manner not shown transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rails 4 slidably connected to the frame 7. By means of appropriate actuating means, such as stepper motors and control devices, the test devices can therefore be brought into a suitable position with respect to the transverse direction of the rails. This can ensure that, for example, an ultrasonic measurement in the region of the web 10 of the rails 4 takes place.

Zur Bestimmung der Position der Schienenprüfvorrichtungen 8 relativ zur Schiene 4 quer zu ihrer Längsrichtung kann insbesondere eine Abstandsmessung verwendet werden. Die Abstandsmessung erfolgt dabei insbesondere berührungslos, beispielsweise mittels Laser, Radar, Wirbelstrom, Ultraschall oder mechanisch. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Abstandsbestimmung über die Erstellung eines Laserschnittprofils und erkennen des Schienentyps.To determine the position of the rail test devices 8 relative to the rail 4 transversely to its longitudinal direction, in particular a distance measurement can be used. The distance measurement is carried out in particular contactless, for example by means of laser, radar, eddy current, ultrasound or mechanical. Particularly preferred is a distance determination on the creation of a laser cutting profile and recognize the rail type.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Drehgestellbogie
22
Achseaxis
33
Radwheel
44
Schienerail
55
Fahrgestellaufnahmechassis recording
66
Dämpfungs- und FederungseinrichtungDamping and suspension device
77
Rahmenframe
88th
PrüfvorrichtungTester
99
Schienenoberkanterailhead
1010
Schienenstegrail web
1111
Schienenkopfrailhead

Claims (14)

  1. An apparatus for inspecting rails (4), in particular railway tracks, for hidden defects such as cracks, said apparatus being arranged at a track vehicle and being movable along the rail (4),
    characterised in that
    the inspection apparatus (8) is at least substantially rigidly connected to at least one axle (2) of the track vehicle and is carried by this or these axle(s) (2).
  2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the suspension of the inspection apparatus (8) takes place at laterally outwardly projecting sections of at least one wheel axle (2).
  3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the inspection apparatus (8) comprises a frame (7) which carries the measuring devices and is in turn rigidly connected to at least one wheel axle (2).
  4. An apparatus in accordance with claim 3,
    characterised in that
    the inspection apparatus (8) is suspended at two adjacent wheel axles (2) and preferably has a torsion compensation device.
  5. An apparatus in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    at least two inspection apparatuses (8) are arranged behind one another in the longitudinal direction of the rail, in particular also inspection apparatuses which differ from one another such as an ultrasound inspection apparatus and an inductive inspection apparatus, for example an eddy current inspection apparatus.
  6. An apparatus in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the measuring devices are displaceably arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail, in particular with respect to the frame (7).
  7. An apparatus for inspecting rails (4), in particular railway tracks, which is arranged at a track vehicle and is movable along the rail (4), in particular in accordance with any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the inspection apparatus (8) has measuring devices which are displaceably supported transversely to the longitudinal extent of the rails (4); and in that means for positioning the measuring devices relative to the rail (4) are provided which work without contact to the rail (4).
  8. An apparatus in accordance with claim 7,
    characterised in that
    means are present for positioning the measuring devices; means are present for measuring the spacing between the measuring device and the rail (4); and means are present for moving the measuring device relative to the rail (4).
  9. An apparatus in accordance with claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the spacing measurement takes place by means of laser, radar, eddy current, ultrasound or mechanically.
  10. An apparatus in accordance with claim 9,
    characterised in that
    means are provided by which a laser cutting profile of the rail (4) can be prepared; means are provided for recognizing the rail type with reference to this profile; means are provided for measuring a point at the rail (4); and means are provided for determining the position of the web (10) of the rail (4) with reference to these data.
  11. An apparatus in accordance with claim 9,
    characterised in that
    means are provided for determining two corner points of the head (11) of the rail (4) and means are provided for determining the position of the web (10) of the rail (4) with reference to the mean value of the spacings of the two corner points.
  12. An apparatus in accordance with any one of the claims 7 to 11,
    characterised in that
    the means for positioning the measuring devices are arranged spaced apart from the measuring devices.
  13. An apparatus in accordance with any one of the claims 7 to 12,
    characterised in that
    means are provided for carrying out a laser triangulation measurement or a laser phase shift measurement at the rail (4), in which measurement the laser is directed to a rail edge.
  14. An apparatus in accordance with claim 13,
    characterised in that
    the mans are arranged, viewed in the longitudinal rail direction, at a front and a rear end region of the inspection apparatus (8); and in that means are provided by which spacing differences between the front end region and the rear end region of the inspection apparatus (8) can be compensated.
EP11003757.9A 2010-05-14 2011-05-06 Rail inspecting device Not-in-force EP2386455B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202010006811U DE202010006811U1 (en) 2010-05-14 2010-05-14 Schienenprüfvorrichtung

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EP2386455A1 EP2386455A1 (en) 2011-11-16
EP2386455B1 true EP2386455B1 (en) 2014-07-16
EP2386455B2 EP2386455B2 (en) 2019-07-31

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DE (1) DE202010006811U1 (en)
DK (1) DK2386455T4 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2386455B2 (en) 2019-07-31
EP2386455A1 (en) 2011-11-16
DK2386455T4 (en) 2019-09-09
DK2386455T3 (en) 2014-09-08
DE202010006811U1 (en) 2010-07-29

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