EP2380271A1 - Alternateur - Google Patents
AlternateurInfo
- Publication number
- EP2380271A1 EP2380271A1 EP09803874A EP09803874A EP2380271A1 EP 2380271 A1 EP2380271 A1 EP 2380271A1 EP 09803874 A EP09803874 A EP 09803874A EP 09803874 A EP09803874 A EP 09803874A EP 2380271 A1 EP2380271 A1 EP 2380271A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alternator
- phase
- amplitude
- phases
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001595 flow curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/1623—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alternator.
- An alternator comprises an alternating electrical machine of the synchronous type as for example described in the document FR-A-2 806 223.
- a reversible polyphase rotary electric machine can operate in particular according to the method described in the document WO-A-2006 / 079,700.
- the alternator also usually comprises a regulator of the voltage at the output of a rectifier bridge which converts an alternating current into direct current.
- a conventional rectifier comprises a bridge of 6 diodes or two components in phases for a three-phase rectification.
- the diodes used in conventional automotive alternators are passive components whose losses due to their voltage drop are important at certain operating points and reduce the overall efficiency of the alternator.
- the invention provides an alternator comprising a polyphase electrical source, a rectifier bridge comprising switches in the form of transistors, at least one switch being connected to each of the phases, each switch being controlled by the comparison of the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase to which the switch is connected with the amplitude of each representative signal respectively of the other phases.
- the alternator further comprises regulating the output voltage of the rectifier bridge.
- each switch is on when the amplitude of the signal, representative of the phase to which the switch is connected, is greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases having the same sign as the phase to which switch is connected.
- the alternator further comprises means for comparing the amplitude of the signals representative of the phases.
- the electrical source is three-phase.
- at least two switches are connected to each of the phases, each switch being controlled by comparing the amplitude of the signal representative of the phase to which the switch is connected with the amplitude of the representative signal respectively of the two other phases.
- each switch is further controlled by the addition of the signals from the comparison.
- the alternator further comprises means for adding the signals representative of the comparison of the amplitude of the signals representative of the phases.
- two switches are connected to each of the phases.
- the transistors are of the MOSFET type.
- the alternator further comprises a driver stage amplifying the signal obtained by adding the signals from the comparison.
- the electrical source comprises a simple stator or a double stator.
- the invention also relates to a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle, provided with an alternator as defined above.
- FIG. 3 a view of an example of a part of the generation block
- FIG. 4 a view of an example of another part of the generation block.
- an alternator comprising a polyphase electrical machine and a rectifier bridge.
- the rectifier bridge comprises switches in the form of transistors, at least two switches being connected to each of the phases. Each switch is controlled by comparing the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase to which the switch is connected with the amplitude of each representative signal respectively of the other phases.
- the invention provides a control law of each of the rectifying bridge switches that is analog and simple to implement.
- a decrease in conductive losses is obtained in the components of the rectifier bridge with respect to the conventional diode rectifier. This results in an increase in the alternator flow curve and / or in a reduction of the resisting torque taken by the alternator on the engine shaft for certain operating points.
- the efficiency of the alternator is increased. This makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the polluting emissions emitted by the vehicle since less motive power is used to generate the electrical energy intended for the operation of the vehicle.
- the alternator 10 comprises a polyphase electrical source 12.
- the electrical source 12 may comprise a simple stator or a double stator.
- the source 12 Electrical considered is three-phase and single stator.
- the three phases of the source 12 are marked in FIG. 1 by the letters R, S and T.
- the three phases R, S and T may be sinusoids that are out of phase by 120 °.
- the alternator 10 also comprises a rectifier 14 comprising a rectifier bridge 16 for obtaining a quasi-continuous signal from input AC signals.
- the quasi-continuous signal value is controlled by a voltage regulator 18.
- a quasi-continuous signal adapted to be used in the on-board network of a vehicle can thus be obtained.
- the constraints of the on-board network can be numerous. In particular, some elements operate for a given voltage such as lead batteries.
- the rectifier bridge 16 includes switches in the form of transistors that are controlled.
- the rectifier 14 also comprises a measurement block 36 of the waveform of the stator phase currents, a generation block 38 of the control signals and a pilot 50 of switches of which the eigenfunctions are detailed in the following.
- the entire measurement block 36, the generation block 38 and the pilot 50 makes it possible to control the switches of the bridge 16.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary rectifier bridge 16 in the case of a three-phase source 12 without a neutral. At least two switches are connected to each of the phases of the electrical source 12.
- the rectifier bridge 16 thus has six switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32, the switches 22 and 28 being connected to the phase R, the switches 24 and 30 in the phase S and the switches 26 and 32 in the phase T.
- the use of two switches on a single phase compared to a single switch per phase allows a full wave rectification which improves the quality the adjustment made.
- the alternator 10 may also include a capacitor 34 placed at the output of the bridge 16 rectification.
- the capacitor 34 makes it possible to improve the form factor, that is to say the waviness rate. Other devices that improve the ripple rate can replace the capacitor 34.
- the capacitor 34 has the advantage of being a simple component to use.
- Switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 are controlled using signals representative of the phases.
- a signal representative of a phase can be obtained by using the measurement block 36 of the stator phase currents.
- the rectifier 14 comprises the measurement block 36 but the measurement block 36 can also be placed outside the rectifier 14.
- the measurement block 36 makes it possible to extract from a phase a signal representative of the phase.
- the signal representative of the phase is a signal that includes the information of the waveform.
- waveform is meant the knowledge of the minimum and maximum sequence of the phase in time.
- the information of the waveform is sufficient insofar as it is proposed a generation of the control law of the switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 by comparison of the signals representative of the phases whose shape is almost sinusoidal .
- the advantage is that it is thus not useful for the measurement block 36 to make an accurate measurement of the current of the phase.
- the measurement block 36 can use sensors that detect only the waveforms of the currents.
- each switch 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 is controlled by comparing the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase at which the switch 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 is connected with the amplitude of each of the representative signals respectively of the other phases.
- the switches 22 and 28 connected to the phase R are controlled by comparing the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase R with the amplitude of each of the signals.
- the switches 24 and 30 connected to the phase S are controlled by comparing the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase S with the amplitude of each of the representative signals respectively of the phases R and T and the switches 26 and 32 connected to the phase T are controlled by comparing the amplitude of a signal representative of the phase T with the amplitude of each of the representative signals respectively of the phases R and S.
- a control law of each of the switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 of the bridge 16 rectification is thus obtained.
- the control law is analog and uses inexpensive components.
- the implementation is simple in the measure where only the rectifier 14 is modified in the alternator 10, the drive system between the alternator 10 and the heat engine, the electric source 12 and the regulator 18 are not modified.
- a decrease in Joule losses is also obtained in the switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 of the rectifier bridge 16 with respect to the conventional diode rectifier. This results in an increase in the efficiency of the alternator 10. This makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the pollutant emissions of the vehicle since less motive power is used to generate the electrical energy intended for the operation of the vehicle.
- the performance gains are even better when the selected transistors are of the MOSFET type.
- enriched N-channel MOSFET semiconductors can be used.
- the losses in a semiconductor of the MOSFET type are much lower than the losses in a diode.
- the difference between the losses in a MOSFET semiconductor and the losses in a diode is all the greater as the currents passing through the components are small.
- the control law used for the switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 of the rectifier bridge 16 can make each switch 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 passing when the amplitude of the representative signal of the phase at which the switch 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 is connected is greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases.
- the switch 22 is on when the amplitude of the signal representative of the phase R is positive and greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases and the switch 28 is on when the amplitude of the signal representative of the phase R is negative and greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases.
- the amplitude of a signal representative of a phase is in fact defined as the difference in absolute value between an extrema whether it is positive or negative with respect to the other signals of the phases.
- Another example of a control law is the generation of a control signal making the switches 22, 24 and 26 of Figure 2 passing when the signal representative of the phase to which the switches 22, 24 and 26 are connected. is positive and is greater in amplitude than the amplitude of the other phases having the same sign.
- the switches 28, 30 and 32 are on when the phase, to which the switches 28, 30 and 32 are connected, is negative and is greater in amplitude than the amplitude of the other phases having the same sign.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate views of examples of a part of the generation block 38.
- the part represented of the generation block 38 makes it possible to generate a control signal which is intended for the switches 22 and 28 connected to the phase R.
- the part shown in FIG. 3 is more specifically intended for the switch 22 and the part shown in FIG. at the switch 28.
- the generation block 38 may comprise operational amplifiers 40, 42 for comparing the amplitude of the signals representative of the phases.
- the operational amplifiers 40, 42 can be used in trigger operation which makes it possible to obtain square type signals at the output of the operational amplifiers 40, 42 evolving between the maximum voltage and the minimum supply voltage of the operational amplifier.
- the operational amplifiers 40, 42 have the advantage of being standard components that are inexpensive to use. Other components or circuits for performing the comparison may however be used.
- the generation block 38 comprises an operational amplifier 40 comparing a signal representative of the phase R to a signal representative of the phase S and another operational amplifier 42 comparing a signal representative of the phase R to a signal representative of the phase T.
- the operational amplifier 40 emits a signal at the maximum voltage of the operational amplifier 40 and vice versa, when the signal representative of the phase S is greater than the signal representative of the phase R, the operational amplifier 40 emits a signal at the minimum voltage of the operational amplifier 40.
- the generation block 38 also comprises other parts similar to those shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 for the other switches 24, 26, 30 and 32.
- the switch 22 can be further controlled by the addition of the signals from the comparison.
- the addition is carried out by a non-inverting adder 44 placed after the two comparison operational amplifiers 40, 42.
- the non-inverting adder 44 may be operational amplifiers for adding the signals representative of the comparison of the amplitude of the representative signals. phases. Again, operational amplifiers have the advantage of being inexpensive customary components to use.
- FIG. 5 represents such a curve of the amplitude of the signal obtained at the output of the non-inverting adder 44 as a function of time. Only one period is represented.
- the signal at the output of the non-inverting adder 44 has a positive value A 1, then from the instant ti at the instant t 2 , the signal is zero then from the instant t 2 at time t 3 , the signal has a negative value A 2 (the absolute value of A 2 may be equal to that of A 1 ) and of the instant t 3 at time t 4 , the signal is zero .
- a 1 this means that the signal representative of the phase R is positive and the amplitude of the signal representative of the phase R is greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases having the same sign.
- the signal has a value A 2 , it means that the signal representative of the R phase is negative and its amplitude is greater than the amplitude of the other phases having the same sign.
- the amplitude of the signal representative of the phase R is smaller than the amplitude of the signal representative of the other phases having the same sign.
- a filter 46 eliminating the negative values is placed at the output of the non-inverting adder 44. The filter 46 thus makes it possible to obtain a control signal for the switch 22 when the signal representative of the R phase is positive and its amplitude is greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases having the same sign.
- the same type of circuit is used to control the switches 24 and 26.
- FIG. 4 gives a means of controlling the switch 28 when the signal representative of the phase R is negative and its amplitude is greater than the amplitude of the signals representative of the other phases having the same sign.
- Inverters 48 are placed at the output of operational comparator amplifiers 40, 42 before the non-inverting adder 44.
- the inverters 48 may in particular be operational amplifiers in inverter assembly. Other means could also be considered.
- an inverter could be placed at the output of the non-inverting adder 44. The same type of circuit is used to control the switches 30 and 32.
- Signals for controlling the switches 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 are thus obtained. It may be useful to amplify the signals obtained. It is the role of the driver 50 ("driver" in English terminology) of the switches which is a driver amplifying the signal obtained by the addition of the signals from the comparison.
- the pilot 50 thus serves as a power stage at the output of the generation block 38. According to the example of FIG. 1, the pilot 50 of the switches is placed in the rectifier 14 but it is also possible to place it outside. of the rectifier 14.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0950327A FR2941337B1 (fr) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-01-20 | Alternateur. |
| PCT/FR2009/052565 WO2010084256A1 (fr) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-12-16 | Alternateur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2380271A1 true EP2380271A1 (fr) | 2011-10-26 |
Family
ID=40566141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09803874A Withdrawn EP2380271A1 (fr) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-12-16 | Alternateur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2380271A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2941337B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010084256A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR950327A (fr) | 1946-05-10 | 1949-09-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Procédé de fabrication de structure de noyau à enroulement |
| FR2745445B1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1998-05-07 | Valeo Electronique | Alternateur de vehicule automobile utilise comme generateur et comme moteur electrique pour le demarrage du moteur a combustion interne du vehicule |
| FR2769771B1 (fr) | 1997-10-15 | 1999-12-31 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Dispositif pour le redressement synchrone d'un alternateur |
| JPH11252820A (ja) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-09-17 | Denso Corp | 車両用発電装置 |
| DE19913634C2 (de) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-03-14 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zur Steuerung abschaltbarer Halbleiterschalter eines netzseitigen Stromrichters eines Spannungszwischenkreis-Umrichters |
| FR2797472B1 (fr) | 1999-08-09 | 2001-11-02 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Systeme, notamment pour vehicule automobile apte a assurer le demarrage d'un moteur thermique et la mise en charge d'un circuit electrique |
| FR2806223B1 (fr) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-10-03 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Machine electrique tournante polyphasee |
| US6765425B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2004-07-20 | International Rectifier Corporation | Mosgate device driver for synchronous rectification of a 3 phase sinusoidal source |
| FR2881295B1 (fr) | 2005-01-26 | 2007-03-23 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Gestion du fonctionnement d'un alterno-demarreur de vehicule automobile |
| FR2883776B1 (fr) | 2005-04-05 | 2007-06-08 | Exel Ind Sa | Pulverisateur portable de liquide, notamment pour le traitement de la vegetation |
| DE102006011002B4 (de) * | 2006-03-09 | 2008-01-03 | Siemens Ag | Steuerschaltung für einen Schalter eines Gleichrichters |
-
2009
- 2009-01-20 FR FR0950327A patent/FR2941337B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-16 WO PCT/FR2009/052565 patent/WO2010084256A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-12-16 EP EP09803874A patent/EP2380271A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2010084256A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010084256A1 (fr) | 2010-07-29 |
| FR2941337A1 (fr) | 2010-07-23 |
| FR2941337B1 (fr) | 2016-12-02 |
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