EP2373726A1 - Conductive preparation and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Conductive preparation and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP2373726A1 EP2373726A1 EP09768052A EP09768052A EP2373726A1 EP 2373726 A1 EP2373726 A1 EP 2373726A1 EP 09768052 A EP09768052 A EP 09768052A EP 09768052 A EP09768052 A EP 09768052A EP 2373726 A1 EP2373726 A1 EP 2373726A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- preparation
- conductive
- additive
- conductivity
- mixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
- C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/282—Binary compounds of nitrogen with aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive preparation and a process for producing such a conductive preparation.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing a plastic preparation.
- the invention also relates to a plastic preparation.
- the plastic preparation may be, for example, a polymer preparation.
- the invention relates to preparations which are thermally and / or electrically conductive. Most preferably, the invention relates to an electrically conductive preparation.
- Present electroconductive polymer formulations include, for example, graphite, carbon black, silver, carbon fibers, metal-coated conductive and non-conductive particles, or mixtures thereof. In these cases, achieving a conductivity of, for example, 1 mS / cnn combined with a drastic increase in the viscosity due to the required high filler content, depending on the additive 5-80w-%. Thus, the currently available electrically conductive preparations are difficult to process.
- thermally conductive polymer formulations contain metals such as silver or ceramics such as Al 2 O 3, AlN, SisN 4 , SiO 2 , BN, metal-coated conductive and non-conductive particles, or mixtures thereof.
- metals such as silver or ceramics such as Al 2 O 3, AlN, SisN 4 , SiO 2 , BN, metal-coated conductive and non-conductive particles, or mixtures thereof.
- achieving a thermal conductivity of, for example, 3W / mK is associated with a drastic increase in viscosity due to the required high filler content, depending on the additive 50-80w-%.
- the currently available thermally conductive formulations are also difficult to process.
- the object of the invention is to provide a process for producing a conductive preparation and a conductive preparation which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
- a conductive preparation in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, comprising a first, at least temporarily liquid phase and at least one conductivity additive provided in the first phase. It does not matter when the first phase is in the liquid state. This may be the case during the entire manufacturing and processing process or in one or more process steps, for example during a mixing operation or during the application. Thus, powder coatings and the like are also included.
- liquid is to be understood here in particular in the physical sense, so that, of course, viscous and / or non-Newtonian liquids and melts and the like are included.
- a conductive preparation according to the invention in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, is obtainable, obtainable by A) providing a first, at least temporarily, liquid phase;
- any mixing sequences are possible.
- an additive alone or two or more premixed additives can be mixed with the first, at least temporarily liquid phase. Further additives can then be added without this being absolutely necessary for the invention.
- Such a preparation can be used in a variety of ways.
- a preparation can be used as a heatable coating, as a heatable form or in heatable coatings or in heatable forms, and the like.
- the invention is not mentioned on these Examples limited. Some further advantageous, but not exclusive applications are given in the further course of the description.
- At least one further conductivity additive may be provided in the first phase.
- the first and / or second carbon-based conductivity additive may be formed.
- the invention is not limited to certain materials. Some advantageous, but non-exclusive examples will be explained in more detail later in the description.
- the preparation may preferably have at least one binder and / or at least one further additive.
- a binder is generally a binder that holds together materials and materials.
- the invention is not limited to specific binder materials, which may advantageously be formed organic or inorganic. Depending on the configuration, other additives may also be admixed, and the invention is not limited to certain additives in this regard either.
- the preparation may have electrical contacts or means for attaching electrical contacts
- the preparation may be formed as a coating.
- the coating may be a paint.
- the coating can advantageously be coated on a substrate.
- the lacquer can then represent the outermost coating of the substrate, wherein further coatings can already be applied under the lacquer.
- the paint acts as a kind of primer.
- further coatings for example further paint layers, protective layers or the like, are applied to the lacquer which is the conductive preparation and is applied to the substrate can be.
- a product containing the preparation according to the invention may comprise, for example, one or more coatings, wherein the coating according to the invention may be the lowest, the highest or a coating lying between other layers.
- the conductive preparation may be formed as a heating element or for a heating element.
- the conductive preparation may preferably be applied to a substrate or designed to be applicable to a substrate.
- the invention is not limited to specific forms or substances.
- smooth or rough surfaces are possible, which can be coated for example by one of the methods described below.
- an adhesion promoter can be used, for example.
- all types of textiles and fibers can serve as a substrate, for example, fabrics, nonwovens, threads, natural and synthetic fibers and the like.
- a conductive preparation of the invention can be used and used for a variety of purposes.
- the preparation can be used wherever something needs to be preheated or heated, for example in connection with heatable mirrors, heated tarpaulins, in particular truck tarpaulins, wall coatings, wallpapers, floors and the like, defrosting devices for machines, pipelines, aircraft, in particular aircraft wings in the field of textiles, heating mats, heating jackets, heating tarpaulins, and the like.
- an application can be provided both indoors and outdoors.
- a corresponding preparation for example a lacquer, can be provided as a constituent of substrates which are formed, for example, in the form of films, textiles, flexible matehals and the like.
- the preparation may be provided as a coating on the substrate, but also as a material component within the substrate.
- the preferred field of use of the present invention can be the heating of devices, in particular of medical devices. Medical devices, for example, think of blood glucose meters. Glucose meters only work properly and accurately when they are appropriately tempered. This is important, for example, in the outdoor area for athletes. With the conductive preparation according to the invention, it is possible to heat such devices. Of course it is also possible to warm only the test strip.
- the conductive preparation can be applied to a substrate or designed to be applied to a substrate.
- Such a configuration has the particular advantage that the preparation, and thus the substrate can be heated evenly.
- such a heating device is structurally simple to implement, since the previously required turns of heating wires, coils, lines, structured heating layers and the like can be dispensed with.
- a conductive preparation is provided, which is applied to a substrate or formed in a substrate which is provided with electrical contacts, via which an electrical voltage can be applied to the conductive preparation.
- the conductive preparation can then be heated in the desired manner via the electrical current flowing through the preparation.
- the conductive preparation may be formed as a heating element.
- the conductive preparation may be designed for a heating element.
- the conductive preparation itself provides the
- the conductive preparation is a component of a heating element, such as that provided in the heating element element for generating the heat.
- a conductive preparation in particular a plastic preparation, which is preferably in the manner described above is formed according to the invention and which is characterized by at least one base material, in particular a plastic material and at least two admixed additives, wherein at least one additive is preferably formed as a conductivity additive.
- a conductive preparation according to the invention as described above, in particular a plastic preparation is obtainable in that at least one base material, in particular a plastic material, at least two additives are added, wherein at least one additive is formed as a conductivity additive, and that the individual components to a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, are mixed.
- a process for producing a conductive preparation in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, in particular a conductive preparation according to the invention as described above, which is characterized by the following steps:
- any mixing sequences are possible.
- an additive alone or two or more premixed additives can be mixed with the first, at least temporarily liquid phase. Further additives can then be added without this being absolutely necessary for the invention.
- a mixture for a conductive, in particular electrically conductive, and / or heatable coating, for example in the form of a lacquer can be produced in this way.
- a first phase is used, which is characterized in that it is at least temporarily liquid.
- the invention is not limited to specific phases.
- the phase can be formed on an aqueous basis, for example in the form of water.
- other types of phases are possible, such as plastic-based phases, which may be aqueous, solvent-based, or the like, for example.
- the first phase may be formed in the form of a resin or the like.
- combinations of the examples mentioned are possible. The examples mentioned are purely exemplary in nature and are not an exclusive list, so that the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned.
- At least one conductivity additive is added to the first phase.
- at least one further conductivity additive can be added.
- Non-exclusive examples of such conductivity additives have already been mentioned above and will also be described in more detail later in the description.
- At least one binder and / or at least one further additive can be added.
- the conductive preparation can be applied to a substrate.
- the process preferably produces a conductive preparation in the form of a coating, for example in the form of a lacquer.
- the method can produce a conductive preparation in the form of a heating element or in the form of an element for a heating element.
- a solution is prepared, in which then the aforementioned fillers in the form of conductivity additive (s), and / or binders and / or other additives are added.
- the first phase is a plastic, it may be necessary for the plastic to be dissolved first. Then, a mixture or mixture is prepared which has a homogeneous state. Possibly further dilution can be realized here by further additives.
- the resulting conductive preparation may be applied to a substrate in a variety of ways, for example by doctoring, spraying, brushing, rolling, dipping, soaking, brushing, trowelling and the like, or also in a direct or indirect printing process, for example screen printing, in mask printing , Pad printing, gravure and the like.
- a first additive in particular a conductivity additive, preferably based on carbon
- a base material in particular a plastic material
- a second additive in particular a conductivity additive, preferably based on carbon
- a plastic material is mixed, and that the two sub-mixtures are mixed to form a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation.
- At least one further material and / or at least one further substance is added to the base material and / or the preparation.
- the conductive preparations may advantageously be formed thermally and / or electrically conductive. It is preferably provided that the preparation is electrically conductive. Such a preparation is low-resistance through the use of the at least one conductivity additive, which leads to a good electrical conductivity, since only a low electrical resistance is present. As a result, a homogeneous heatability can be realized. The low resistance also ensures that only low voltages have to be applied to the preparation in order to achieve good heating.
- the invention relates, provided that the first phase or the base material is formed of plastic base, electrically and / or thermally conductive polymers.
- the present invention provides polymer compositions having excellent electrical / thermal conductivity and low viscosity.
- other plastics are possible.
- the invention relates in particular to all types of polymers (in particular
- the invention advantageously relates to a process for the preparation of a conductive preparation, in particular a polymer preparation, which in addition to the base material, for example a base polymer to contain at least two conductivity additives of which at least one consists of carbon, and the preparation prepared according to the invention and their use ,
- the conductive formulations may, but need not necessarily, contain further adjuvants such as dispersants, solvents, stabilizers, etc.
- the conductivity additives may advantageously be formed on a carbon basis.
- some advantageous but not exclusive examples of preferred conductivity additives will be described, each of which may be used individually or in any combination.
- Graphite is a very common mineral and belongs to the order of semi-metals and non-metals. In addition to diamond and fullerenes, it is the third stable form (modification) of carbon under terrestrial normal conditions and crystallizes mostly in the hexagonal, very rarely also in the trigonal crystal system. Graphite develops opaque, gray to black crystals in hexagonal, tabular, scaly, or stem-like shapes with metallic luster on the crystal surfaces.
- a layer consists of covalently linked hexagons whose carbon atoms are sp 2 -hybhdized. Within these levels, the binding energy between the carbon atoms is 4.3eV, but only 0.07eV between them. Out of this extreme
- the conductivity within a plane is made possible by the delocalization of the pi-electrons. If the planes do not have a fixed correlation with each other, this is called turbostatic carbon.
- Carbon Nanotubes consist of rolled-up, closed graphene layers. Single tubes are called “single wall carbon nanotubes” (SWCNT), particles of concentrically stacked tubes of increasing diameter are called “multiwall carbon nanotubes” (MWCNT).
- CNT can be produced by various methods. The best known are the arc process, the laser ablation process and the catalytically assisted vapor deposition (CCVD). The latter method is suitable for large-scale production of CNT.
- the CNTs are produced from gaseous carbon sources (hydrocarbons, alcohols, CO, CO2) on metallic, catalytically active substrates.
- SWCNT Small Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular size.
- MWCNT Small Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cell
- CNT The physical properties of CNT largely correspond to those of graphite along basal planes.
- CNTs are used today as a mechanical reinforcement, as an electrically and thermally conductive additive in polymers, ceramics and metals.
- the CNTs are often chemically modified on their surface in order to meet the requirements of good dispersibility and connection to the matrix.
- the CNTs are added to the matrix material. Due to the high aspect ratio and the high specific surface area, only composites with a relatively low CNT content can be produced.
- Carbon nanofibers consist of graphene layers stacked along the filament axis.
- the angle (orientation) of the graphene planes with respect to the filament axis is taken as a rough distinction.
- So-called 'herringbone' CNF have graphene planes which are arranged at an angle ⁇ 90 °.
- These CNFs are usually manufactured via CVD. Their applications are found primarily in catalysis as catalyst supports and as active additives in Li-ion batteries or in gas storage.
- Carbon black is a black, powdered solid that is 80% or more carbon, depending on its quality and use.
- carbon blacks Depending on their field of application, carbon blacks have special property profiles that are specifically influenced by the type of manufacturing process and by variation of the process parameters.
- the first phase or the base material may advantageously be formed on a plastic basis.
- Some advantageous but not exclusive examples of preferred plastic materials will be described below, each of which may be used individually or in any combination.
- Polymers are chemical compounds that are composed of one or a few types of similar units (monomers). Such molecules are usually chain-like or branched and have covalent bonds between the monomers. Reactive systems
- the Kunststoffmatehalien in which the additives are mixed, it is, for example, epoxy group-containing monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric. They are based e.g. on bisphenol-A, -F, novolac and others. In addition to aromatic, it continues to be aliphatic derivatives.
- the epoxy resins can be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and polyfunctional and include all molecular weights.
- cycloaliphatic epoxy resins such as e.g. 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylates, bis ((3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl) adipates and other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
- Another group of base resins includes cyanate esters and isocyanates, e.g. 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzenes, 1-isocyanato-4 - [(4-isocyanatophenyl) methyl] benzene, 1, 1-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) propane, oligo (3-methylene-1, 5-phenyl-cyananate) and other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
- cyanate esters and isocyanates e.g. 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzenes, 1-isocyanato-4 - [(4-isocyanatophenyl) methyl] benzene, 1, 1-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) propane, oligo (3-methylene-1, 5-phenyl-cyananate) and other derivatives of higher or
- Another group of base resins includes linear and branched diols and polyfunctional alcohols, oligo- and polyester and polyether polyols of all molecular weights.
- Another group of base resins includes reactive polyimide systems. These may include: monofunctional monomers, e.g. N-phenylmaleimide, 2,6-
- Xylylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, etc. and difunctional monomers such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, N, N '- (4-methyl-m-phenylene) -bismaleimide, N, N'-m-phenylenebismaleimide, bisphenol-A diallyl ether , o, o '-Diallylbisphenol-A, Polyphenylmethanbismaleimide, polybenzimidazoles, etc.
- Another group of base resins includes phenolic resins, such as novolac or resole based.
- Another group of base resins includes unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins.
- Another group of base resins includes alkyd resins. Another group of base resins includes melamine resins. Another group of base resins includes polysilanes and silicones. Another group of base resins includes acrylates. Another group of base resins includes polyquionoxaline. Another group of base resins includes pitches and bitumen.
- hardener substances and accelerators such as amines, amides, amidoamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, anhydrides, imidazoles, cyanamides, alcohols, phenols, polyols, cyanates, mercaptans, carboxylic acids, metal complexes etc. in low, medium and high molecular weights.
- accelerators such as amines, amides, amidoamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, anhydrides, imidazoles, cyanamides, alcohols, phenols, polyols, cyanates, mercaptans, carboxylic acids, metal complexes etc. in low, medium and high molecular weights.
- the basic substances are e.g. polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, etc.
- Another group of base polymers includes polyamides such as e.g. Polyamide-66, polyamide-12, polyamide-11, polyamide-6, etc.
- polyacrylic polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid and derivatives, etc.
- base polymers include fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.
- base polymers includes aliphatic and aromatic polyesters such as polyglycols, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
- Another group of base polymers includes polyimides, e.g. Polyetherimide.
- Another group of base polymers includes poly (aryl) ether ketones, e.g. Polyether ketones, polyetheretherketones, etc.
- Another group of base polymers includes polysulfides, e.g. Polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, etc.
- Another group of base polymers includes polyacetals.
- Another group of base polymers includes cellulose and derivatives such as e.g. nitrates, acetates, acetate butyrates, etc.
- Another group of base polymers includes vinyl polymers such as e.g. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolydone, etc.
- thermoplastic dispersions are also included.
- the basic substances are e.g. to natural, isoprene, butadiene, and other rubbers, which may include chlorine, styrene, nitrile, sulfur, oxygen.
- Another group of base polymers includes silicone elastomers.
- electrically and thermally conductive polymer preparations can be provided with the present invention.
- Inorganic Systems These are substances such as gypsum, mortar, sand, cement preparations, e.g. Concrete, and others that can be rendered conductive by the addition of the above additives. Furthermore, it is ceramic materials such as AIO, AIN, SiO, SiC, SiN, etc.
- the addition of the conductivity additives is advantageously carried out in an aqueous or solvent-containing phase and with the addition of suitable organic and / or inorganic binders.
- a special position is occupied by the systems, which are initially produced via an organic intermediate stage.
- these are formulations with phenolic, cyanate ester resins, pitch, bitumen that can be converted to carbon, and polysilanes, siloxanes, silazanes that can be converted to SiO, SiC, SiN, SiCN.
- Plastic systems for example, in polymer systems, a suspension state of two conductivity additives, including at least one of carbon, (eg graphite and CNT or graphite / carbon black and CNT, or graphite / silver and CNT, or graphite / AIN and CNT) can be generated which leads to excellent electrical / thermal conductivity and the mechanical and chemical properties of the polymers influenced much less than is the case with a conventionally filled polymer system.
- the polymer compositions produced using filler combinations according to the invention are distinguished by comparatively low viscosities and are thus easier to process.
- the peculiarity of the invention is that the combination of conventional thermally / electrically conductive particles with CNT and / or graphite makes it possible to reduce the individual concentrations of the components and thus also the total concentration of the fillers and thus to influence the viscosity to a lesser extent.
- an electrical conductivity of about 1 mScm -1 can be achieved in unmodified polymers with the addition of 5-20% by weight.
- metallic fillers for example silver, makes it possible to add 50-80% by weight in to penetrate the area 10kScm "1 .
- values are obtained 1 mS cm "1 at additions of about 30wt .-%.
- the achievable thermal conductivities silver-filled systems are in the range 1 -3W / mK, the use of ceramic particles such as BN, Al2O3, SiO2, AlN, BN, etc. alone generally results in values for the thermal conductivity in the range 1 -5W / mK.
- the latter systems are not electrically conductive.
- compositions in which the base materials or the first phases, for example polymers, are chemically optimized and adapted to the respective fillers are chemically optimized and adapted to the respective fillers.
- the optimization sees one actual chemical change and / or the mixing of various components, such as polymer components, before.
- annealed or graphitized CNT / graphites are particularly advantageous. Further advantages may result from the use of mixtures of different graphites and / or the use of mixtures of different CNTs and / or the use of mixtures of different metal particles and / or the use of mixtures of different ceramic particles as well as the use of other conductivity additives, eg carbon black, metal-coated silicates, etc.
- auxiliaries can advantageously be added to the preparations, for example in coatings or in casting or kneading compositions. However, this is not necessarily necessary for improving the conductivity and is not desirable in all cases.
- adhesion promoters such as e.g. Silanes, titanates or zirconates, etc. improve the adhesion between fillers and matrix and between preparation and substrate.
- the viscosity can be increased to the desired level by means of rheological additives to prevent or slow settling of the CNT and other additives, for example, resulting in an increase in storage stability.
- the invention includes 1-component systems as well as 2-component and multi-component systems. This is understood in the sense that in the case of 1K systems, the user of the formulations described herein must introduce heat to cause cross-linking and in the case of 2K and 2K
- Multicomponent systems said components must first mix together to achieve networking at RT or via the introduction of heat.
- the invention includes any type of dosage form.
- the invention includes preparations of different forms, e.g. Granules, powders, dispersions, masterbatches, etc.
- the viscosity for example of reactive resin, melt, solution, etc., is only slightly higher than the base resin or hardener or the polymer melt, etc., due to the relatively low filler contents.
- the preparations are in principle the same or similar to handle as the unfilled polymers. This allows broader fields of application for the respective preparations.
- CNT and graphite allows a significant cost savings over conventional electrically conductive formulations due to the saving of e.g. Carbon black, silver or AlN.
- the low filler concentration allows, if necessary, a pigmentation with conventional dyes.
- an electrically / thermally conductive preparation based on conventional conductivity additives it is fundamentally possible to reduce a significant proportion of the additives and to replace them with a significantly smaller proportion of CNT and graphite without reducing the corresponding conductivity.
- a reduction in the level of conventional conductivity additive, e.g. Graphite, carbon black, silver or AIN at 75%, 50%, 30%, 20% compared to the original content is added by addition of 0.05-1.5% CNT and 1-15% graphite, in particular 0.3- 0.6% CNT or 5% 10% graphite compensated in relation to the total preparation.
- the effect is also transferable to the combination with metal-coated silicates, titanium oxide and fibers of carbon and metal, etc.
- the new preparations are easy to handle and apply because the total filler content and thus the viscosity is reduced.
- CNT and graphite allow novel formulations that cost less than conventional formulations.
- the graphite / CNT combination outperforms any other combination of carbons in terms of electrical and thermal conductivity and workmanship, resulting in significant cost savings.
- Filled epoxy resins in particular standard bisphenol A based Graphite is mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Also, the CNT become a highly concentrated with the basic epoxy Mixed masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base resin in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has a viscosity ⁇ 10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 1 k ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- Filled hardener especially amine-based
- Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB. Also, the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB. Both MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentration.
- the preparation has a viscosity ⁇ 1 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 100 ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- the resin After mixing the resin and hardener components in the correct ratio, the resin is crosslinked.
- the hardened sample (flat bar: 4x10x80) is contacted by means of conductive silver on the smallest opposing surfaces and the resistance is determined with a multimeter. Taking into account the geometry of the sample, a specific resistance of ⁇ 100 ⁇ cm results at a CNT concentration ⁇ 0.6% and a graphite concentration ⁇ 10%.
- the resin / hardener mixture is easy to pour.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for heatable coatings and heatable molds. Further advantageous uses and applications for the present invention are, for example:
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- SFK synthetic fiber reinforced plastic
- Reactive systems that can be heated and networked via microwaves and / or electric fields
- Hot melt adhesives Rubber, and the like.
- Graphite is mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch.
- the CNTs are also mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch.
- AIN powder is mixed with the base epoxy to a highly concentrated masterbatch. All masterbatches are mixed together and with base resin in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has a viscosity of ⁇ 25Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 10k ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- additive of latent hardener especially anhydride based Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB.
- the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB.
- AIN powder is mixed with the base hardener to a MB. All MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has a viscosity ⁇ 10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 1 k ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- a 1-K system After mixing the resin, hardener and accelerator components in the correct ratio, a 1-K system is obtained which can be stored at RT for several weeks to months.
- the resin is cured at elevated temperature.
- the specific resistance of an adhesive layer is in the range 1 -10k ⁇ cm and the thermal conductivity in the range 5-6W / m.K.
- the CNT concentration is ⁇ 0.6%, the graphite concentration ⁇ 10% and the AIN concentration ⁇ 40%.
- the resin / hardener mixture (paste) is easy to apply.
- Filled Polvole Graphite is mixed with the base polyol to form a highly concentrated masterbatch.
- the CNTs are also mixed with the base polyol to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base polyol in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has a viscosity ⁇ 10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 1 k ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB. Also, the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB. Both MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has one Viscosity ⁇ 10Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 1 k ⁇ (electrodes immersed in multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- the crosslinked sample has a surface resistance of 1 -1 Ok ⁇ and a resistance inside of 0.5-5M ⁇ .
- Graphite is mixed with the base silicone to form a highly concentrated masterbatch.
- the CNTs are also mixed with the base silicone to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base silicone in the desired concentrations.
- the preparation has a viscosity ⁇ 50Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of ⁇ 10 ⁇ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ⁇ 1 cm).
- the silicone resin After mixing the resin and crosslinker component in the proper ratio, the silicone resin is crosslinked.
- the crosslinked sample has a surface resistance of 100-1000 ⁇ . In general, the material loses flexibility but still remains sufficiently elastic.
- the coating has a surface resistance of ⁇ 10 5 ohms.
- All preparations with resistances in the range 1 k ⁇ can advantageously be heated by applying a voltage of 30-50V.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a conductive preparation, in particular an electrically and/or thermally conductive preparation, characterised by a first, at least temporarily liquid phase and at least one, preferably at least two conductive additives provided in said first phase. A method for producing a conductive preparation of this type is characterised by the following steps: A) provision of a first at least temporarily liquid phase; B) addition of at least one conductive additive, preferably at least two conductive additives to the first phase; C) mixing of the first phase and the conductive additive(s) into a homogeneous state.
Description
Beschreibung description
Leitfähige Zubereitung sowie Verfahren zu deren HerstellungConductive preparation and process for its preparation
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine leitfähige Zubereitung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen leitfähigen Zubereitung.The present invention relates to a conductive preparation and a process for producing such a conductive preparation.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft insbesondere auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kunststoffzubereitung. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung auch eine Kunststoffzubereitung. Bei der Kunststoffzubereitung kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Polymerzubereitung handeln.In particular, the present invention also relates to a process for producing a plastic preparation. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a plastic preparation. The plastic preparation may be, for example, a polymer preparation.
Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere Zubereitungen, die thermisch und/oder elektrisch leitfähig sind. Ganz besonders bevorzugt betrifft die Erfindung eine elektrisch leitfähige Zubereitung.In particular, the invention relates to preparations which are thermally and / or electrically conductive. Most preferably, the invention relates to an electrically conductive preparation.
Gegenwärtige elektrisch leitfähige Polymer-Zubereitungen enthalten zum Beispiel Graphit, Ruß, Silber, Carbonfasern, metallbeschichtete leitfähige und nicht leitfähige Partikel, beziehungsweise Mischungen aus solchen. In diesen Fällen ist ein Erreichen einer Leitfähigkeit von beispielsweise 1 mS/cnn verbunden mit einer drastischen Erhöhung der Viskosität aufgrund des erforderlichen hohen Füllstoffgehaltes, je nach Additiv 5-80w-%. Damit sind die gegenwärtig verfügbaren elektrisch leitfähigen Zubereitungen schwer zu verarbeiten.Present electroconductive polymer formulations include, for example, graphite, carbon black, silver, carbon fibers, metal-coated conductive and non-conductive particles, or mixtures thereof. In these cases, achieving a conductivity of, for example, 1 mS / cnn combined with a drastic increase in the viscosity due to the required high filler content, depending on the additive 5-80w-%. Thus, the currently available electrically conductive preparations are difficult to process.
Gegenwärtige thermisch leitfähige Polymer-Zubereitungen enthalten Metalle wie Silber oder Keramik wie AI2O3, AIN, SisN4, SiO2, BN, metallbeschichtete leitfähige und nicht leitfähige Partikel, beziehungsweise Mischungen aus solchen. In diesen Fällen ist ein Erreichen einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von beispielsweise 3W/mK verbunden mit einer drastischen Erhöhung der Viskosität aufgrund des erforderlichen
hohen Füllstoffgehaltes, je nach Additiv 50-80w-%. Damit sind die gegenwärtig verfügbaren thermisch leitfähigen Zubereitungen ebenfalls schwer zu verarbeiten.Current thermally conductive polymer formulations contain metals such as silver or ceramics such as Al 2 O 3, AlN, SisN 4 , SiO 2 , BN, metal-coated conductive and non-conductive particles, or mixtures thereof. In these cases, achieving a thermal conductivity of, for example, 3W / mK is associated with a drastic increase in viscosity due to the required high filler content, depending on the additive 50-80w-%. Thus, the currently available thermally conductive formulations are also difficult to process.
Die gegenwärtig gängigsten Lösungen der Verarbeitungsproblematik sehen vor, dem CNT/Harz-System entweder oberflächenaktive Substanzen oder Lösemittel zuzugeben. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass diese Maßnahmen zu anderen Problemen bei der Trocknung und Vernetzung führen und zu einer Degradation der mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des vernetzten Materials führen können.The currently most common processing solutions are to add either surfactants or solvents to the CNT / resin system. However, it is known that these measures can lead to other problems in drying and crosslinking and can lead to a degradation of the mechanical and chemical properties of the crosslinked material.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung sowie eine leitfähige Zubereitung bereitzustellen, das/die die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a process for producing a conductive preparation and a conductive preparation which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die leitfähige Zubereitung mit den Merkmalen gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 7 sowie durch das Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen leitfähigen Zubereitung mit den Merkmalen gemäß den unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 8 und 12. Weitere Merkmale und Details der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie den Beispielen. Merkmale und Details, die im Zusammenhang mit den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensaspekten beschrieben sind, gelten dabei selbstverständlich auch im Zusammenhang mit den erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitungsaspekten, und umgekehrt. Ebenso gelten Merkmale, die im Zusammenhang mit einem Verfahrensaspekt oder einem Zubereitungsaspekt beschrieben sind, selbstverständlich jeweils auch im Zusammenhang mit den anderen Verfahrensaspekten beziehungsweise Zubereitungsaspekten.This object is achieved by the conductive preparation with the features according to independent claims 1 and 7 and by the process for producing such a conductive preparation having the features according to independent claims 8 and 12. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims , the description and the examples. Features and details which are described in connection with the method aspects of the invention, of course, also apply in connection with the preparation aspects of the invention, and vice versa. Likewise, features which are described in connection with a method aspect or a preparation aspect apply, of course, in each case also in connection with the other method aspects or preparation aspects.
Gemäß dem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere eine elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähige Zubereitung, bereitgestellt, aufweisend eine erste, zumindest zeitweilig flüssige Phase sowie wenigstens ein in der ersten Phase vorgesehenes Leitfähigkeitsadditiv.
Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, wann die erste Phase im flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. Dies kann während des gesamten Herstellungs- und Verarbeitungsprozess oder aber bei einem oder mehreren Prozessschritten der Fall sein, beispielsweise während eines Mischvorgangs oder während der Applizierung. Somit sind auch Pulverbeschichtungen und dergleichen inbegriffen.According to the first aspect of the invention, a conductive preparation, in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, is provided, comprising a first, at least temporarily liquid phase and at least one conductivity additive provided in the first phase. It does not matter when the first phase is in the liquid state. This may be the case during the entire manufacturing and processing process or in one or more process steps, for example during a mixing operation or during the application. Thus, powder coatings and the like are also included.
Der Begriff flüssig soll hierbei insbesondere im physikalischen Sinne verstanden werden, so dass selbstverständlich auch viskose und/oder nichtnewtonsche Flüssigkeiten sowie Schmelzen und dergleichen inbegriffen sind.The term liquid is to be understood here in particular in the physical sense, so that, of course, viscous and / or non-Newtonian liquids and melts and the like are included.
Bevorzugt ist insbesondere eine erfindungsgemäße leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere eine elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähige Zubereitung, erhältlich durch A) Bereitstellen einer ersten zumindest zeitweilig flüssigen Phase;In particular, a conductive preparation according to the invention, in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, is obtainable, obtainable by A) providing a first, at least temporarily, liquid phase;
B) Zugeben wenigstens eines Leitfähigkeitsadditivs, vorzugsweise von wenigstens zwei Leitfähigkeitsadditiven in die erste Phase;B) adding at least one conductivity additive, preferably at least two conductivity additives into the first phase;
C) Vermengen der ersten Phase und des wenigstens einen Leitfähigkeitsadditiv in einen homogenen Zustand.C) mixing the first phase and the at least one conductivity additive in a homogeneous state.
Dabei sind beliebige Mischreihenfolgen möglich. Es können also beispielsweise zunächst ein Additiv allein oder zwei oder mehrere vorgemischte Additive mit der ersten, zumindest zeitweilig flüssigen Phase vermengt werden. Weitere Additive können danach beigemischt werden, ohne dass dies für die Erfindung zwingend notwendig ist.Any mixing sequences are possible. Thus, for example, firstly an additive alone or two or more premixed additives can be mixed with the first, at least temporarily liquid phase. Further additives can then be added without this being absolutely necessary for the invention.
Eine solche Zubereitung kann auf vielfältigste Weise eingesetzt werden. Vorteilhaft kann eine solche Zubereitung als beheizbare Beschichtung, als beheizbare Form beziehungsweise in beheizbaren Beschichtungen oder in beheizbaren Formen, und dergleichen eingesetzt werden. Natürlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese genannten
Beispiele beschränkt. Einige weitere vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sind im weiteren Verlauf der Beschreibung genannt.Such a preparation can be used in a variety of ways. Advantageously, such a preparation can be used as a heatable coating, as a heatable form or in heatable coatings or in heatable forms, and the like. Of course, the invention is not mentioned on these Examples limited. Some further advantageous, but not exclusive applications are given in the further course of the description.
Vorteilhaft kann in der ersten Phase zumindest ein weiteres Leitfähigkeitsadditiv vorgesehen sein.Advantageously, at least one further conductivity additive may be provided in the first phase.
Vorzugsweise kann/können das erste und/oder zweite Leitfähigkeitsadditiv auf Kohlenstoffbasis ausgebildet sein. Dabei ist die Erfindung nicht auf bestimmte Materialien beschränkt. Einige vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Beispiele werden im weiteren Verlauf der Beschreibung näher erläutert.Preferably, the first and / or second carbon-based conductivity additive may be formed. The invention is not limited to certain materials. Some advantageous, but non-exclusive examples will be explained in more detail later in the description.
Bevorzugt kann die Zubereitung wenigstens einen Binder und/oder wenigstens ein weiteres Additiv aufweisen. Ein Binder ist generell ein Bindemittel, das Stoffe und Materialien zusammenhält. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf bestimmte Bindermaterialien, die vorteilhaft organisch oder anorganisch ausgebildet sein können, beschränkt. Je nach Ausgestaltung können auch noch weitere Additive zugemischt sein, wobei auch diesbezüglich die Erfindung nicht auf bestimmte Additive beschränkt ist. Einige vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Beispiele für Binder und Additive sind im weiteren Verlauf der Beschreibung genannt.The preparation may preferably have at least one binder and / or at least one further additive. A binder is generally a binder that holds together materials and materials. The invention is not limited to specific binder materials, which may advantageously be formed organic or inorganic. Depending on the configuration, other additives may also be admixed, and the invention is not limited to certain additives in this regard either. Some advantageous, but non-exclusive examples of binders and additives are given below.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung kann die Zubereitung elektrische Kontakte oder Mittel zum Anbringen von elektrischen Kontakten aufweisenIn a further embodiment, the preparation may have electrical contacts or means for attaching electrical contacts
Bevorzugt kann die Zubereitung als Beschichtung ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann die Beschichtung ein Lack sein. Mit der Beschichtung kann vorteilhaft ein Substrat überzogen werden. Der Lack kann dann die äußerste Beschichtung des Substrats darstellen, wobei unter dem Lack bereits weitere Beschichtungen aufgebracht sein können. Natürlich ist es auch denkbar, dass der Lack als eine Art Grundierung fungiert. Das bedeutet, dass auf dem die leitfähige Zubereitung darstellenden Lack, der auf dem Substrat aufgetragen ist, noch weitere Schichten, zum Beispiel weitere Lackschichten, Schutzschichten oder dergleichen aufgetragen
werden können. Ein die erfindungsgemäße Zubereitung enthaltendes Produkt kann beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Beschichtungen aufweisen, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung die unterste, die oberste oder eine zwischen anderen Schichten liegende Beschichtung sein kann.Preferably, the preparation may be formed as a coating. For example, the coating may be a paint. The coating can advantageously be coated on a substrate. The lacquer can then represent the outermost coating of the substrate, wherein further coatings can already be applied under the lacquer. Of course, it is also conceivable that the paint acts as a kind of primer. This means that further coatings, for example further paint layers, protective layers or the like, are applied to the lacquer which is the conductive preparation and is applied to the substrate can be. A product containing the preparation according to the invention may comprise, for example, one or more coatings, wherein the coating according to the invention may be the lowest, the highest or a coating lying between other layers.
Vorteilhaft kann die leitfähige Zubereitung als Heizelement oder für ein Heizelement ausgebildet sein.Advantageously, the conductive preparation may be formed as a heating element or for a heating element.
Vorzugsweise kann die leitfähige Zubereitung auf einem Substrat aufgetragen oder als auf ein Substrat aufbringbar ausgebildet sein.The conductive preparation may preferably be applied to a substrate or designed to be applicable to a substrate.
Beim Substrat ist die Erfindung nicht auf bestimmte Formen oder Stoffe beschränkt. Beispielsweise sind glatte oder rauhe Untergründe möglich, die beispielsweise durch eines der weiter unten beschriebenen Verfahren beschichtet werden können. Dabei kann bei Bedarf beispielsweise ein Haftvermittler zum Einsatz kommen. Ebenso können beispielsweise alle Arten von Textilien und Fasern als Substrat dienen, beispielsweise Gewebe, Vliese, Fäden, Natur- und Kunstfasern und dergleichen.In the case of the substrate, the invention is not limited to specific forms or substances. For example, smooth or rough surfaces are possible, which can be coated for example by one of the methods described below. If necessary, an adhesion promoter can be used, for example. Likewise, for example, all types of textiles and fibers can serve as a substrate, for example, fabrics, nonwovens, threads, natural and synthetic fibers and the like.
Eine erfindungsgemäße leitfähige Zubereitung kann für verschiedenste Zwecke eingesetzt und verwendet werden. Generell kann die Zubereitung überall dort eingesetzt werden, wo etwas vorgewärmt oder beheizt werden muss, beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit beheizbaren Spiegeln, beheizbaren Planen, insbesondere LKW-Planen, Wandbeschichtungen, Tapeten, Fußböden und dergleichen, Abtaueinrichtungen für Maschinen, Rohrleitungen, Flugzeugen, insbesondere Flugzeugtragflächen, im Bereich von Textilien, Heizmatten, Heizhüllen, Heizplanen, und dergleichen. Dabei kann eine Anwendung sowohl im Innenbereich als auch im Außenbereich vorgesehen sein. Eine entsprechende Zubereitung, beispielsweise ein Lack kann als Bestandteil von Substraten vorgesehen sein, die beispielsweise in Form von Folien, Textilien, flexiblen Matehalen und dergleichen ausgebildet sind. Dabei kann die Zubereitung als Beschichtung auf dem Substrat, aber auch als Materialkomponente innerhalb des Substrats vorgesehen sein. Ein weiteres
bevorzugtes Einsatzgebiet der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Beheizung von Geräten, insbesondere von medizinischen Geräten, sein. Bei medizinischen Geräten ist beispielsweise an Blutzuckermessgeräte zu denken. Blutzuckermessgeräte arbeiten nur richtig und genau, wenn sie in angemessener Weise temperiert sind. Dies ist beispielsweise im Outdoorbereich für Sportler von Bedeutung. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen leitfähigen Zubereitung ist es möglich, derartige Geräte zu erwärmen. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, nur den Teststreifen zu erwärmen.A conductive preparation of the invention can be used and used for a variety of purposes. In general, the preparation can be used wherever something needs to be preheated or heated, for example in connection with heatable mirrors, heated tarpaulins, in particular truck tarpaulins, wall coatings, wallpapers, floors and the like, defrosting devices for machines, pipelines, aircraft, in particular aircraft wings in the field of textiles, heating mats, heating jackets, heating tarpaulins, and the like. In this case, an application can be provided both indoors and outdoors. A corresponding preparation, for example a lacquer, can be provided as a constituent of substrates which are formed, for example, in the form of films, textiles, flexible matehals and the like. In this case, the preparation may be provided as a coating on the substrate, but also as a material component within the substrate. Another one The preferred field of use of the present invention can be the heating of devices, in particular of medical devices. Medical devices, for example, think of blood glucose meters. Glucose meters only work properly and accurately when they are appropriately tempered. This is important, for example, in the outdoor area for athletes. With the conductive preparation according to the invention, it is possible to heat such devices. Of course it is also possible to warm only the test strip.
Vorteilhaft kann die leitfähige Zubereitung auf einem Substrat aufgetragen sein oder als auf ein Substrat aufbringbar ausgebildet sein. Eine solche Ausgestaltung hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass die Zubereitung, und damit das Substrat gleichmäßig beheizt werden kann. Insbesondere ist eine solche Heizvorrichtung konstruktiv einfach realisierbar, da auf die bisher erforderlichen Windungen von Heizdrähten, Wendeln, Leitungen, strukturierte Heizschichten und dergleichen verzichtet werden kann.Advantageously, the conductive preparation can be applied to a substrate or designed to be applied to a substrate. Such a configuration has the particular advantage that the preparation, and thus the substrate can be heated evenly. In particular, such a heating device is structurally simple to implement, since the previously required turns of heating wires, coils, lines, structured heating layers and the like can be dispensed with.
Vorzugsweise ist eine leitfähige Zubereitung vorgesehen, die auf einem Substrat aufgebracht oder in einem Substrat ausgebildet ist, die mit elektrischen Kontakten versehen ist, über die eine elektrische Spannung an die leitfähige Zubereitung angelegt werden kann. Über den durch die Zubereitung fließenden elektrischen Strom kann die leitfähige Zubereitung dann in gewünschter Weise beheizt werden.Preferably, a conductive preparation is provided, which is applied to a substrate or formed in a substrate which is provided with electrical contacts, via which an electrical voltage can be applied to the conductive preparation. The conductive preparation can then be heated in the desired manner via the electrical current flowing through the preparation.
Vorteilhaft kann die leitfähige Zubereitung als Heizelement ausgebildet sein. In anderer Ausgestaltung kann die leitfähige Zubereitung für ein Heizelement ausgebildet sein. Im ersten Fall stellt die leitfähige Zubereitung selbst dasAdvantageously, the conductive preparation may be formed as a heating element. In another embodiment, the conductive preparation may be designed for a heating element. In the first case, the conductive preparation itself provides the
Heizelement dar. Im zweiten Fall ist die leitfähige Zubereitung ein Bestandteil eines Heizelements, etwa das die im Heizelement vorgesehene Element zur Erzeugung der Wärme.In the second case, the conductive preparation is a component of a heating element, such as that provided in the heating element element for generating the heat.
Bevorzugt ist des Weiteren eine leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere eine Kunststoffzubereitung, die vorzugsweise in der vorstehend beschriebenen
erfindungsgemäßen Weise ausgebildet ist und die gekennzeichnet ist durch wenigstens ein Grundmaterial, insbesondere ein Kunststoffmaterial sowie wenigstens zwei zugemischte Additive, wobei wenigstens ein Additiv vorzugsweise als Leitfähigkeitsadditiv ausgebildet ist.Preference is furthermore given to a conductive preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, which is preferably in the manner described above is formed according to the invention and which is characterized by at least one base material, in particular a plastic material and at least two admixed additives, wherein at least one additive is preferably formed as a conductivity additive.
Bevorzugt ist insbesondere eine wie vorstehend beschriebene erfindungsgemäße leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere eine Kunststoffzubereitung, erhältlich dadurch, dass wenigstens einem Grundmaterial, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial, wenigstens zwei Additive zugegeben werden, wobei wenigstens ein Additiv als Leitfähigkeitsadditiv ausgebildet ist, und dass die Einzelkomponenten zu einer Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, vermischt werden.In particular, a conductive preparation according to the invention as described above, in particular a plastic preparation, is obtainable in that at least one base material, in particular a plastic material, at least two additives are added, wherein at least one additive is formed as a conductivity additive, and that the individual components to a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, are mixed.
Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer wie vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen leitfähigen Zubereitung, bereitgestellt, das gekennzeichnet ist durch folgende Schritte:According to a further aspect, there is provided a process for producing a conductive preparation, in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, in particular a conductive preparation according to the invention as described above, which is characterized by the following steps:
A) Bereitstellen einer ersten zumindest zeitweilig flüssigen Phase;A) providing a first at least temporarily liquid phase;
B) Zugeben wenigstens eines Leitfähigkeitsadditivs, vorzugsweise von wenigstens zwei Leitfähigkeitsadditiven in die erste Phase;B) adding at least one conductivity additive, preferably at least two conductivity additives into the first phase;
C) Vermengen der ersten Phase und des wenigstens einen Leitfähigkeitsadditiv in einen homogenen Zustand.C) mixing the first phase and the at least one conductivity additive in a homogeneous state.
Dabei sind beliebige Mischreihenfolgen möglich. Es können also beispielsweise zunächst ein Additiv allein oder zwei oder mehrere vorgemischte Additive mit der ersten, zumindest zeitweilig flüssigen Phase vermengt werden. Weitere Additive können danach beigemischt werden, ohne dass dies für die Erfindung zwingend notwendig ist.
Bevorzugt kann auf diese Weise eine Mischung für eine leitfähige, insbesondere elektrisch leitfähige, und/oder beheizbare Beschichtung, beispielsweise in Form eines Lacks, hergestellt werden.Any mixing sequences are possible. Thus, for example, firstly an additive alone or two or more premixed additives can be mixed with the first, at least temporarily liquid phase. Further additives can then be added without this being absolutely necessary for the invention. Preferably, a mixture for a conductive, in particular electrically conductive, and / or heatable coating, for example in the form of a lacquer, can be produced in this way.
Zunächst kommt eine erste Phase zum Einsatz, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie zumindest zeitweilig flüssig ist. Dabei ist die Erfindung nicht auf bestimmte Phasen beschränkt. Beispielsweise kann die Phase auf wässriger Basis, beispielsweise in Form von Wasser, ausgebildet sein. Natürlich sind auch andere Typen von Phasen möglich, beispielsweise Phasen auf Kunststoffbasis, die beispielsweise wässrig, lösemittelbasiert oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein können. Auch kann die erste Phase in Form eines Harzes oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein. Natürlich sind auch Kombinationen aus den genannten Beispielen möglich. Die genannten Beispiele sind rein exemplarischer Natur und stellen keine ausschließliche Aufzählung dar, so dass die Erfindung nicht auf die genannten beispiele beschränkt ist.First, a first phase is used, which is characterized in that it is at least temporarily liquid. The invention is not limited to specific phases. For example, the phase can be formed on an aqueous basis, for example in the form of water. Of course, other types of phases are possible, such as plastic-based phases, which may be aqueous, solvent-based, or the like, for example. Also, the first phase may be formed in the form of a resin or the like. Of course, combinations of the examples mentioned are possible. The examples mentioned are purely exemplary in nature and are not an exclusive list, so that the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned.
Der ersten Phase wird wenigstens ein Leitfähigkeitsadditiv zugegeben. Optional kann wenigstens ein weiteres Leitfähigkeitsadditiv zugegeben werden. Nicht ausschließliche Beispiele für derartige Leitfähigkeitsadditive sind weiter oben schon genannt worden und werden auch im weiteren Verlauf der Beschreibung noch in größerem Detail beschrieben.At least one conductivity additive is added to the first phase. Optionally, at least one further conductivity additive can be added. Non-exclusive examples of such conductivity additives have already been mentioned above and will also be described in more detail later in the description.
Vorzugsweise kann wenigstens ein Binder und/oder wenigstens ein weiteres Additiv zugegebenen werden.Preferably, at least one binder and / or at least one further additive can be added.
Vorteilhaft kann die leitfähige Zubereitung auf ein Substrat aufgebracht werden.Advantageously, the conductive preparation can be applied to a substrate.
Bevorzugt wird durch das Verfahren eine leitfähige Zubereitung in Form einer Beschichtung, beispielsweise in Form eines Lacks, hergestellt.
Vorzugsweise kann durch das Verfahren eine leitfähige Zubereitung in Form eines Heizelements oder in Form eines Elements für ein Heizelement hergestellt werden.The process preferably produces a conductive preparation in the form of a coating, for example in the form of a lacquer. Preferably, the method can produce a conductive preparation in the form of a heating element or in the form of an element for a heating element.
Zunächst kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Lösung hergestellt wird, in die dann die vorgenannten Füllstoffe in Form von Leitfähigkeitsadditiv(en), und/oder Binder und/oder weiteren Additiven zugegeben werden. Ist die erste Phase ein Kunststoff, kann es erforderlich sein, dass der Kunststoff zunächst aufgelöst wird. Dann wird ein Gemenge oder eine Mischung hergestellt, das/die einen homogenen Zustand hat. Möglicherweise kann hier durch weitere Additive eine weitergehende Verdünnung realisiert werden.First, it can be provided that a solution is prepared, in which then the aforementioned fillers in the form of conductivity additive (s), and / or binders and / or other additives are added. If the first phase is a plastic, it may be necessary for the plastic to be dissolved first. Then, a mixture or mixture is prepared which has a homogeneous state. Possibly further dilution can be realized here by further additives.
Die daraus entstehende leitfähige Zubereitung kann auf unterschiedliche Weise auf ein Substrat aufgetragen werden, beispielsweise mittels Rakeln, Sprühen, Pinseln, Rollen, Eintauchen, Tränken, Streichen, Spachteln und dergleichen, oder auch in einem direkten oder indirekten Druckverfahren, beispielsweise im Siebdruck, im Maskendruck, Tampondruck, Tiefdruck und dergleichen.The resulting conductive preparation may be applied to a substrate in a variety of ways, for example by doctoring, spraying, brushing, rolling, dipping, soaking, brushing, trowelling and the like, or also in a direct or indirect printing process, for example screen printing, in mask printing , Pad printing, gravure and the like.
Bevorzugt ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, insbesondere einer wie vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitung, wobei das Verfahren vorzugsweise in der wie vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Weise durchgeführt wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass wenigstens einem Grundmaterial, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial, wenigstens zwei Additive zugegeben werden, wobei wenigstens ein Additiv vorzugsweise als Leitfähigkeitsadditiv ausgebildet ist, und dass die Einzelkomponenten zu einer Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, vermischt werden.Preference is furthermore given to a process for preparing a conductive preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, in particular a preparation according to the invention as described above, the process preferably being carried out in the manner according to the invention as described above, the process being characterized in that at least one base material, in particular a plastic material, at least two additives are added, wherein at least one additive is preferably formed as a conductive additive, and that the individual components to a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, are mixed.
Bevorzugt ist weiterhin auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, insbesondere einer wie vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Zubereitung, wobei das Verfahren vorzugsweise in der wie vorstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Weise
durchgeführt wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass ein erstes Additiv, insbesondere ein Leitfähigkeitsadditiv, bevorzugt auf Kohlenstoffbasis, mit einem Grundmaterial, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial, vermischt wird, dass ein zweites Additiv, insbesondere ein Leitfähigkeitsadditiv, bevorzugt auf Kohlenstoffbasis, mit einem Grundmaterial, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial vermischt wird, und dass die beiden Teilmischungen zu einer Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, vermischt werden.Preference is furthermore also given to a process for preparing a conductive preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, in particular a preparation according to the invention as described above, the process preferably being in the manner according to the invention as described above wherein the method is characterized in that a first additive, in particular a conductivity additive, preferably based on carbon, with a base material, in particular a plastic material is mixed, that a second additive, in particular a conductivity additive, preferably based on carbon, with a base material , In particular, a plastic material is mixed, and that the two sub-mixtures are mixed to form a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation.
Vorteilhaft wird/werden dem Grundmaterial und/oder der Zubereitung wenigstens ein weiteres Material und/oder wenigstens ein weiterer Stoff zugemischt.Advantageously, at least one further material and / or at least one further substance is added to the base material and / or the preparation.
Die leitfähigen Zubereitungen können vorteilhaft thermisch und/oder elektrisch leitend ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Zubereitung elektrisch leitend ausgebildet ist. Eine derartige Zubereitung ist durch die Verwendung des wenigstens einen Leitfähigkeitsadditivs niederohmig, was zu einer guten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit führt, da nur ein geringer elektrischer Widerstand vorhanden ist. Dadurch kann eine homogene Beheizbarkeit realisiert werden. Durch die Niederohmigkeit ist zudem gewährleistet, dass an die Zubereitung nur geringe Spannungen angelegt werden müssen, um eine gute Beheizung zu erreichen.The conductive preparations may advantageously be formed thermally and / or electrically conductive. It is preferably provided that the preparation is electrically conductive. Such a preparation is low-resistance through the use of the at least one conductivity additive, which leads to a good electrical conductivity, since only a low electrical resistance is present. As a result, a homogeneous heatability can be realized. The low resistance also ensures that only low voltages have to be applied to the preparation in order to achieve good heating.
Die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Erfindungsaspekte wird nachfolgend noch vertiefend beschrieben.The advantageous embodiment of the individual aspects of the invention will be described in more detail below.
Vorteilhaft betrifft die Erfindung, sofern die erste Phase oder das Grundmaterial aus Kunststoffbasis ausgebildet ist, elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähige Polymere. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt insbesondere Polymer-Zubereitungen mit herausragender elektrischer/thermischer Leitfähigkeit und geringer Viskosität zur Verfügung. Natürlich sind auch andere Kunststoffe möglich.Advantageously, the invention relates, provided that the first phase or the base material is formed of plastic base, electrically and / or thermally conductive polymers. In particular, the present invention provides polymer compositions having excellent electrical / thermal conductivity and low viscosity. Of course, other plastics are possible.
Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere alle Arten von Polymeren (insbesondereThe invention relates in particular to all types of polymers (in particular
Reaktivharze und die entsprechenden Härter und Beschleuniger, thermoplastische
Polymere und Elastomere), wie auch Kohlenstoffteilchen unterschiedlicher Morphologie, Verarbeitung und Konditionierung, wie auch Metallteilchen unterschiedlicher Morphologie, Verarbeitung und Konditionierung, wie auch Keramikteilchen unterschiedlicher Morphologie, Verarbeitung und Konditionierung, sowie andere Leitfähigkeitsadditive.Reactive resins and the corresponding hardeners and accelerators, thermoplastic Polymers and elastomers), as well as carbon particles of different morphology, processing and conditioning, as well as metal particles of different morphology, processing and conditioning, as well as ceramic particles of different morphology, processing and conditioning, as well as other conductivity additives.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung vorteilhaft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Polymer-Zubereitung, wobei diese neben dem Grundmaterial, beispielsweise einem Basispolymer, mindestens zwei Leitfähigkeitsadditive enthalten soll von denen mindestens eines aus Kohlenstoff besteht, sowie die erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Zubereitung und deren Verwendung.Furthermore, the invention advantageously relates to a process for the preparation of a conductive preparation, in particular a polymer preparation, which in addition to the base material, for example a base polymer to contain at least two conductivity additives of which at least one consists of carbon, and the preparation prepared according to the invention and their use ,
Die leitfähigen Zubereitungen können, müssen aber nicht zwingend weitere Hilfsstoffe wie Dispergiermittel, Lösungsmittel, Stabilisatoren, etc. enthalten.The conductive formulations may, but need not necessarily, contain further adjuvants such as dispersants, solvents, stabilizers, etc.
Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung können eine ganze Reihe von Materialien und Stoffen Anwendung oder Berücksichtigung finden. Einige vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Beispiele werden im weiteren Verlauf der Beschreibung näher erläutert:In the context of the present invention, a whole range of materials and materials may find application or consideration. Some advantageous, but non-exclusive examples are explained in more detail later in the description:
Die Leitfähigkeitsadditive können vorteilhaft auf Kohlenstoffbasis ausgebildet sein. Nachfolgend werden einige vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Beispiele für bevorzugte Leitfähigkeitsadditive beschrieben, die jeweils einzeln, oder aber in jeder beliebigen Kombination zum Einsatz kommen können.The conductivity additives may advantageously be formed on a carbon basis. Hereinafter, some advantageous but not exclusive examples of preferred conductivity additives will be described, each of which may be used individually or in any combination.
Graphitgraphite
Graphit ist ein sehr häufig vorkommendes Mineral und gehört zur Ordnung der Halbmetalle und Nichtmetalle. Er ist neben Diamant und Fullerenen die dritte unter irdischen Normalbedingungen stabile Form (Modifikation) des Kohlenstoffs und kristallisiert meist im hexagonalen, sehr selten auch im trigonalen Kristallsystem.
Graphit entwickelt undurchsichtige, graue bis schwarze Kristalle in sechseckiger, tafeliger, schuppiger oder stengeliger Form, die auf den Kristallflächen Metallglanz aufweisen.Graphite is a very common mineral and belongs to the order of semi-metals and non-metals. In addition to diamond and fullerenes, it is the third stable form (modification) of carbon under terrestrial normal conditions and crystallizes mostly in the hexagonal, very rarely also in the trigonal crystal system. Graphite develops opaque, gray to black crystals in hexagonal, tabular, scaly, or stem-like shapes with metallic luster on the crystal surfaces.
Im kristallinen Graphit liegen parallel verlaufende ebene Schichten, die „Basalebenen" oder „Graphen-Schichten", vor. Eine Schicht besteht aus kovalent verknüpften Sechsecken, deren Kohlenstoff-Atome sp2-hybhdisiert sind. Innerhalb dieser Ebenen beträgt die Bindungsenergie zwischen den Kohlenstoff-Atomen 4.3eV, zwischen ihnen dagegen lediglich 0.07eV. Aus dieser extremenIn crystalline graphite, there are parallel planar layers, the "basal planes" or "graphene layers". A layer consists of covalently linked hexagons whose carbon atoms are sp 2 -hybhdized. Within these levels, the binding energy between the carbon atoms is 4.3eV, but only 0.07eV between them. Out of this extreme
Richtungsabhängigkeit der Bindungskräfte resultiert eine deutliche Anisotropie der mechanischen, elektrischen und thermischen Eigenschaften des Graphits:Directional dependence of the bond forces results in a clear anisotropy of the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the graphite:
leichte Spaltbarkeit des reinen Graphits entlang der Basalebenen, deutlich höhere Festigkeit entlang der Kristallschichten; thermische und elektrische Isolation orthogonal zu den Basalebenen gegenüber einer fast metallischen Leitfähigkeit entlang der Ebenen.easy cleavage of pure graphite along the basal planes, significantly higher strength along the crystal layers; thermal and electrical isolation orthogonal to the basal planes against nearly metallic conductivity along the planes.
Die Leitfähigkeit innerhalb einer Ebene wird durch die Delokalisation der Pi- Elektronen ermöglicht. Weisen die Ebenen keine feste Korrelation zueinander auf, spricht man von turbostratischem Kohlenstoff.The conductivity within a plane is made possible by the delocalization of the pi-electrons. If the planes do not have a fixed correlation with each other, this is called turbostatic carbon.
Kohlenstoff-NanotubesCarbon nanotubes
Kohlenstoff-Nanotubes (CNT) bestehen aus zum Zylinder aufgerollten, geschlossen Graphen-Schichten. Einzelne Röhren nennt man "Single wall carbon nanotubes" (SWCNT), Teilchen aus konzentrisch gestapelten Röhren aufsteigenden Durchmessers werden "multiwall carbon nanotubes" (MWCNT) genannt.Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) consist of rolled-up, closed graphene layers. Single tubes are called "single wall carbon nanotubes" (SWCNT), particles of concentrically stacked tubes of increasing diameter are called "multiwall carbon nanotubes" (MWCNT).
CNT kann man über verschiedene Methoden herstellen. Am bekanntesten sind der Lichtbogenprozess, das Laserablationsverfahren und die katalytisch unterstützte Gasphasenabscheidung (CCVD). Letzteres Verfahren eignet sich zur
großtechnischen Produktion von CNT. Hierbei entstehen die CNT aus gasförmigen Kohlenstofflieferanten (Kohlenwasserstoffe, Alkohole, CO, CO2) auf metallischen, katalytisch aktiven Substraten.CNT can be produced by various methods. The best known are the arc process, the laser ablation process and the catalytically assisted vapor deposition (CCVD). The latter method is suitable for large-scale production of CNT. The CNTs are produced from gaseous carbon sources (hydrocarbons, alcohols, CO, CO2) on metallic, catalytically active substrates.
Kommerziell verfügbare SWCNT haben Durchmesser von 0.5 - 4nm, MWCNT haben Durchmesser zwischen 6 - 100nm. Die Länge von CNT kann bis zu einigen mm betragen.Commercially available SWCNT have diameters of 0.5 - 4nm, MWCNT have diameters between 6 - 100nm. The length of CNT can be up to several mm.
Die physikalischen Eigenschaften von CNT entsprechen weitestgehend jenen des Graphits entlang der Basalebenen.The physical properties of CNT largely correspond to those of graphite along basal planes.
CNT werden heute als mechanische Verstärkung, elektrisch und thermisch leitfähiges Additiv in Polymeren, Keramiken und Metallen eingesetzt. Dazu werden die CNT oft an ihrer Oberfläche chemisch modifiziert um den Anforderungen einer guten Dispergierbarkeit und Anbindung an die Matrix zu genügen. In der Regel werden die CNT dem Matrixmaterial zugegeben. Aufgrund des hohen Aspektverhältnisses und der hohen spezifischen Oberfläche sind nur Komposite mit verhältnismäßig niedrigem CNT-Gehalt darstellbar.CNTs are used today as a mechanical reinforcement, as an electrically and thermally conductive additive in polymers, ceramics and metals. For this purpose, the CNTs are often chemically modified on their surface in order to meet the requirements of good dispersibility and connection to the matrix. As a rule, the CNTs are added to the matrix material. Due to the high aspect ratio and the high specific surface area, only composites with a relatively low CNT content can be produced.
Kohlenstoff-NanofasernCarbon nanofibers
Kohlenstoff-Nanofasern (CNF) bestehen aus Graphenschichten, die entlang der Filamentachse aufeinander gestapelt sind. Der Winkel (die Orientierung) der Graphenebenen bezüglich der Filamentachse wird zur groben Unterscheidung herangezogen. Sogenannte 'Herringbone' CNF besitzen demnach Graphenebenen die in einem Winkel ≠ 90° angeordnet sind. Diese CNF können massiv oder auch hohl sein. Ihre Durchmesser liegen im Bereich 50nm-1 μm und ihre Längen können bis zu mm betragen. Im Falle, dass die Graphenschichten in einen Winkel =90° zur Filamentachse angeordnet sind spricht man von 'Platelet' CNF. Ihre Durchmesser liegen im Bereich 50nm-500nm und ihre Längen können bis zu 50μm betragen.
Diese CNF werden in der Regel über CVD hergestellt. Ihre Anwendungen finden sich vornehmlich in der Katalyse als Katalysatorträger und als aktive Zusatzstoffe in Li- lonen-Battehen oder bei der Gasspeicherung.Carbon nanofibers (CNF) consist of graphene layers stacked along the filament axis. The angle (orientation) of the graphene planes with respect to the filament axis is taken as a rough distinction. So-called 'herringbone' CNF have graphene planes which are arranged at an angle ≠ 90 °. These CNFs can be massive or hollow. Their diameters are in the range 50nm-1 μm and their lengths can be up to mm. In the case that the graphene layers are arranged at an angle = 90 ° to the filament axis one speaks of 'Platelet' CNF. Their diameters are in the range 50nm-500nm and their lengths can be up to 50μm. These CNFs are usually manufactured via CVD. Their applications are found primarily in catalysis as catalyst supports and as active additives in Li-ion batteries or in gas storage.
Rußsoot
Ruß ist ein schwarzer, pulverförmiger Feststoff, der je nach Qualität und Verwendung zu 80% oder mehr aus Kohlenstoff besteht.Carbon black is a black, powdered solid that is 80% or more carbon, depending on its quality and use.
Je nach ihrem Anwendungsgebiet besitzen Ruße spezielle Eigenschaftsprofile, die durch die Art des Herstellverfahrens und durch Variation der Prozessparameter gezielt beeinflusst werden.Depending on their field of application, carbon blacks have special property profiles that are specifically influenced by the type of manufacturing process and by variation of the process parameters.
Ruße, ihre Eigenschaften, Herstellungsverfahren, Verwendungen und so weiter sind bereits weitreichend beschrieben, so dass an dieser Stelle auf die einschlägige Fachliteratur verwiesen wird.Carbon blacks, their properties, production processes, uses and so on are already extensively described, so that reference is made here to the relevant specialist literature.
Die erste Phase beziehungsweise das Grundmaterial kann vorteilhaft auf Kunststoffbasis ausgebildet sein. Nachfolgend werden einige vorteilhafte, jedoch nicht ausschließliche Beispiele für bevorzugte Kunststoffmaterialien beschrieben, die jeweils einzeln, oder aber in jeder beliebigen Kombination zum Einsatz kommen können.The first phase or the base material may advantageously be formed on a plastic basis. Some advantageous but not exclusive examples of preferred plastic materials will be described below, each of which may be used individually or in any combination.
Polymere Unter Polymeren versteht man chemische Verbindungen, die aus einer oder wenigen Sorten von gleichartigen Einheiten (Monomeren) aufgebaut sind. Solche Moleküle sind meist kettenartig oder verzweigt aufgebaut und weisen kovalente Bindungen zwischen den Monomeren auf.
Reaktive SystemePolymers "Polymers" are chemical compounds that are composed of one or a few types of similar units (monomers). Such molecules are usually chain-like or branched and have covalent bonds between the monomers. Reactive systems
Bei den Grundsubstanzen, den Kunststoffmatehalien, in welche die Additive eingemischt werden, handelt es sich beispielsweise um epoxygruppenhaltige monomere, -oligomere und polymere. Sie basieren z.B. auf Bisphenol-A, -F, Novolac und andere. Neben aromatischen handelt es sich weiterhin um aliphatische Derivate. Die Epoxydharze können mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- und mehrfunktionell sein und umfassen alle Molekulargewichte.In the basic substances, the Kunststoffmatehalien, in which the additives are mixed, it is, for example, epoxy group-containing monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric. They are based e.g. on bisphenol-A, -F, novolac and others. In addition to aromatic, it continues to be aliphatic derivatives. The epoxy resins can be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and polyfunctional and include all molecular weights.
Weiterhin handelt es sich um mono- und mehrfunktionelle cycloaliphatische Epoxydharze wie z.B. 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, Bis((3,4-epoxy-cyclohexyl)methyl)adipate und andere Derivate höheren oder auch niedrigeren Molekulargewichts.Furthermore, they are monofunctional and polyfunctional cycloaliphatic epoxy resins such as e.g. 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylates, bis ((3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl) adipates and other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Cyanatester und Isocyanate wie z.B. 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-benzene, 1 -isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl) methyl] benzene , 1 ,1 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethan, 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane, oligo(3- methylen-1 ,5-phenylencyanat) und andere Derivate höheren oder auch niedrigeren Molekulargewichts.Another group of base resins includes cyanate esters and isocyanates, e.g. 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzenes, 1-isocyanato-4 - [(4-isocyanatophenyl) methyl] benzene, 1, 1-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-cyanatophenyl) propane, oligo (3-methylene-1, 5-phenyl-cyananate) and other derivatives of higher or lower molecular weight.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst lineare und verzweigte Diole und mehrfunktionelle Alkohole, Oligo- und Polyester- und Polyether- Polyole aller Molekulargewichte.Another group of base resins includes linear and branched diols and polyfunctional alcohols, oligo- and polyester and polyether polyols of all molecular weights.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst reaktive Polyimidsysteme. Diese können enthalten: monofunktionelle Monomere wie z.B. N-Phenylmaleimid, 2,6-Another group of base resins includes reactive polyimide systems. These may include: monofunctional monomers, e.g. N-phenylmaleimide, 2,6-
Xylylmaleimid, N-Cyclohexylmaleimid, etc. und difunktionelle Monomere wie z.B 4,4'- Diphenylmethanbismaleimid, N,N'-(4-Methyl-m-phenylene)-bismaleimid, N,N'-m- Phenylenebismaleimid, Bisphenol-A Diallylether, o,o'-Diallylbisphenol-A, Polyphenylmethanbismaleimide, Polybenzimidazole, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Phenolharze, die z.B. Novolack oder Resol basiert sind.Xylylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, etc. and difunctional monomers such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, N, N '- (4-methyl-m-phenylene) -bismaleimide, N, N'-m-phenylenebismaleimide, bisphenol-A diallyl ether , o, o '-Diallylbisphenol-A, Polyphenylmethanbismaleimide, polybenzimidazoles, etc. Another group of base resins includes phenolic resins, such as novolac or resole based.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst ungesättigte Polyester- und Vinylesterharze.Another group of base resins includes unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Alkydharze. Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Melaminharze. Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Polysilane und Silikone. Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Acrylate. Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Polyquionoxaline. Eine weitere Gruppe von Basisharzen umfasst Peche und Bitumen.Another group of base resins includes alkyd resins. Another group of base resins includes melamine resins. Another group of base resins includes polysilanes and silicones. Another group of base resins includes acrylates. Another group of base resins includes polyquionoxaline. Another group of base resins includes pitches and bitumen.
Weiterhin enthalten sind Härtersubstanzen und Beschleuniger wie Amine, Amide, Amidoamine, Aminoalkohole, Aminosäuren, Anhydride, Imidazole, Cyanamide, Alkohole, Phenole, Polyole, Cyanate, Mercaptane, Carbonsäuren, Metallkomplexe etc. in niedrigen, mittleren, wie auch in hohen Molekulargewichten.Weiterhin enthalten sind wässrige und oder lösemittelhaltige Harz- und/oder Härter- Dispersionen.Also included are hardener substances and accelerators such as amines, amides, amidoamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, anhydrides, imidazoles, cyanamides, alcohols, phenols, polyols, cyanates, mercaptans, carboxylic acids, metal complexes etc. in low, medium and high molecular weights.Furthermore contained are aqueous and or solvent-containing resin and / or hardener dispersions.
Thermoplastethermoplastics
Bei den Grundsubstanzen handelt es sich z.B. um Polyolefine wie Polypropylen, Polyethylen, Polybutylen, Polyisobutylen, etc.The basic substances are e.g. polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Polyamide wie z.B. Polyamid-66, Polyamid-12, Polyamid-11 , Polyamid-6, etc.Another group of base polymers includes polyamides such as e.g. Polyamide-66, polyamide-12, polyamide-11, polyamide-6, etc.
Weiterhin enthalten sind Polyacryl-Polymere wie Polymethylmethacrylat, Polyacrylnitril, Polyacrylsäure und Derivate, etc.Also included are polyacrylic polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid and derivatives, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Fluoropolymere wie Polytetraflouroethylen, Polyvinylidenfluorid, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst aliphatische und aromatische Polyester, wie z.B. Polyglykole, Polyethylenterephthalat, etc.Another group of base polymers includes fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc. Another group of base polymers includes aliphatic and aromatic polyesters such as polyglycols, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Polyimide, wie z.B. Polyetherimid.Another group of base polymers includes polyimides, e.g. Polyetherimide.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Poly(aryl)etherketone, wie z.B. Polyetherketone, Polyetheretherketone, etc.Another group of base polymers includes poly (aryl) ether ketones, e.g. Polyether ketones, polyetheretherketones, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Polysulfide, wie z.B. Polyphenylensulfid, Polyphenylensulfon, Polysulfon, Polyethersulfon, etc.Another group of base polymers includes polysulfides, e.g. Polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Polyacetale.Another group of base polymers includes polyacetals.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Cellulose und derivate wie z.B. nitrate, acetate, acetatbutyrate, etc.Another group of base polymers includes cellulose and derivatives such as e.g. nitrates, acetates, acetate butyrates, etc.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Vinylpolymere wie z.B. Poyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyvinylpyrrolydon, etc.Another group of base polymers includes vinyl polymers such as e.g. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolydone, etc.
Weiterhin enthalten sind vorteilhaft wässrige und oder Lösemittelhaltige Thermoplast- Dispersionen.Also included are advantageously aqueous and / or solvent-containing thermoplastic dispersions.
Elastomereelastomers
Bei den Grundsubstanzen handelt es sich z.B. um Natur-, Isopren-, Butadien-, und andere Kautschuke, die Chlor, Styrol, Nitril, Schwefel, Sauerstoff ethalten können.The basic substances are e.g. to natural, isoprene, butadiene, and other rubbers, which may include chlorine, styrene, nitrile, sulfur, oxygen.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Basispolymeren umfasst Silikonelastomere.
Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung können insbesondere elektrisch und thermisch Leitfähige Polymer-Zubereitungen bereitgestellt werden.Another group of base polymers includes silicone elastomers. In particular, electrically and thermally conductive polymer preparations can be provided with the present invention.
Anorganische Systeme Es handelt sich um Stoffe wie Gips-, Mörtel-, Sand-, Zementzubereitungen, z.B. Beton, und weitere, die durch die Zugabe der oben genannten Additive leitfähig gemacht werden können. Weiterhin handelt es sich um Keramikmaterialien wie AIO, AIN, SiO, SiC, SiN, etc.Inorganic Systems These are substances such as gypsum, mortar, sand, cement preparations, e.g. Concrete, and others that can be rendered conductive by the addition of the above additives. Furthermore, it is ceramic materials such as AIO, AIN, SiO, SiC, SiN, etc.
Die Zugabe der Leitfähigkeitsadditive erfolgt vorteilhaft in wässriger oder lösemittelhaltiger Phase und unter Zusatz geeigneter organischer und/oder anorganischer Binder.The addition of the conductivity additives is advantageously carried out in an aqueous or solvent-containing phase and with the addition of suitable organic and / or inorganic binders.
Eine Sonderstellung nehmen die Systeme ein, die zunächst über eine organische Zwischenstufe erzeugt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind Zubereitungen mit Phenol-, Cyanatesterharzen, Pech, Bitumen, die zu Kohlenstoff umgewandelt werden können und Polysilane, -siloxane, -silazane, die zu SiO, SiC, SiN, SiCN umgewandelt werden können.A special position is occupied by the systems, which are initially produced via an organic intermediate stage. Examples of these are formulations with phenolic, cyanate ester resins, pitch, bitumen that can be converted to carbon, and polysilanes, siloxanes, silazanes that can be converted to SiO, SiC, SiN, SiCN.
Es wurde herausgefunden, dass unter geeigneten Mischbedingungen inIt has been found that under suitable mixing conditions in
Kunststoffsystemen, beispielsweise in Polymer-Systemen, ein Suspensionszustand von zwei Leitfähigkeitsadditiven, darunter mindestens eines aus Kohlenstoff, (z.B. Graphit und CNT oder Graphit/Ruß und CNT, oder Graphit/Silber und CNT, oder Graphit/AIN und CNT) erzeugt werden kann, der zu einer hervorragenden elektrischen/thermischen Leitfähigkeit führt und die mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Polymere wesentlich geringer beeinflusst als dies bei einem herkömmlich gefüllten Polymersystem der Fall ist. Die unter dem Einsatz von erfindungsgemäßen Füllstoffkombinationen hergestellten Polymer-Zubereitungen zeichnen sich durch vergleichsweise geringe Viskositäten aus und sind damit einfacher zu verarbeiten.
Diese Effekte beobachtet man bei Polymeren aller Art: bei Harzen, bei Thermoplasten und bei Elastomeren, und zwar weitestgehend unabhängig vom Verarbeitungsverfahren: synergistisches Wirken von CNT und Graphit miteinander, und/oder mit Ruß, und/oder mit Keramiken, und/oder mit Metallen, etc. bezüglich elektrischer und thermischer Leitfähigkeit.Plastic systems, for example, in polymer systems, a suspension state of two conductivity additives, including at least one of carbon, (eg graphite and CNT or graphite / carbon black and CNT, or graphite / silver and CNT, or graphite / AIN and CNT) can be generated which leads to excellent electrical / thermal conductivity and the mechanical and chemical properties of the polymers influenced much less than is the case with a conventionally filled polymer system. The polymer compositions produced using filler combinations according to the invention are distinguished by comparatively low viscosities and are thus easier to process. These effects are observed in polymers of all kinds: resins, thermoplastics and elastomers, largely independent of the processing method: synergistic CNT and graphite work together, and / or with carbon black, and / or with ceramics, and / or with metals , etc. concerning electrical and thermal conductivity.
Die Besonderheit der Erfindung ist, dass die Kombination von herkömmlichen thermisch/elektrisch leitfähigen Partikeln mit CNT und/oder Graphit es ermöglicht, die Einzelkonzentrationen der Komponenten und damit auch die Gesamtkonzentration der Füllstoffe zu reduzieren und damit die Viskosität in geringerem Maße zu beeinflussen.The peculiarity of the invention is that the combination of conventional thermally / electrically conductive particles with CNT and / or graphite makes it possible to reduce the individual concentrations of the components and thus also the total concentration of the fillers and thus to influence the viscosity to a lesser extent.
Die sich einstellenden elektrischen, thermischen, rheologischen Eigenschaften (von Reaktivkomponenten, von Schmelzen, Lösungen, etc.) sind weder mit Graphit noch mit CNT alleine zu erreichen, weshalb es sich hier eindeutig um einen synergistischen Effekt zwischen diesen beiden Partikeln handelt und einem weiteren synergistischen Effekt zwischen dem CNT/Graphit-'Hybrid' und anderen Füllstoffen.The adjusting electrical, thermal, rheological properties (of reactive components, of melts, solutions, etc.) can be achieved neither with graphite nor with CNT alone, which is why it is clearly a synergistic effect between these two particles and another synergistic Effect between the CNT / graphite 'hybrid' and other fillers.
Mittels herkömmlicher Kohlenstoff-Additive ist in unmodifizierten Polymeren unter Zugabe von 5-20gew.-% eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit von etwa 1 mScm"1 erreichbar. Die Verwendung von metallischen Füllstoffen, z.B Silber, erlaubt es unter Zugabe von 50-80gew.-% in den Bereich 10kScm"1 vorzudringen. Hier werden Werte 1 mScm"1 bei Zugaben von etwa 30gew.-% erreicht. Die erreichbaren Wärmeleitfähigkeiten silbergefüllter Systeme liegen im Bereich 1 -3W/m.K. Die Verwendung von keramischen Partikeln wie z.B. BN, AI2O3, SiO2, AIN, BN, etc. alleine resultiert im Allgemeinen in Werte für die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in dem Bereich 1 -5W/m.K. Allerdings sind letztere Systeme nicht elektrisch leitfähig.By means of conventional carbon additives, an electrical conductivity of about 1 mScm -1 can be achieved in unmodified polymers with the addition of 5-20% by weight. The use of metallic fillers, for example silver, makes it possible to add 50-80% by weight in to penetrate the area 10kScm "1 . Here, values are obtained 1 mS cm "1 at additions of about 30wt .-%. The achievable thermal conductivities silver-filled systems are in the range 1 -3W / mK, the use of ceramic particles such as BN, Al2O3, SiO2, AlN, BN, etc. alone generally results in values for the thermal conductivity in the range 1 -5W / mK. However, the latter systems are not electrically conductive.
Besonders vorteilhaft sind Zubereitungen, bei denen die Grundmaterialien beziehungsweise die ersten Phasen, beispielsweise Polymere, chemisch optimiert und an die jeweiligen Füllstoffe angepasst sind. Die Optimierung sieht eine
tatsächliche chemische Veränderung und/oder auch die Abmischung verschiedener Komponenten, beispielsweise Polymer-Komponenten, vor. Ebenfalls besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung von getemperten oder graphitierten CNT/Graphiten. Weitere Vorteile können sich ergeben aus der Verwendung von Gemischen aus verschiedenen Graphiten und/oder der Verwendung von Gemischen aus verschiedenen CNT und/oder der Verwendung von Gemischen aus verschiedenen Metallteilchen und/oder der Verwendung von Gemischen aus verschiedenen Keramikpartikeln sowie aus dem Einsatz anderer Leitfähigkeitsadditive, z.B. Ruß, metallbeschichtete Silikate, etc..Particularly advantageous are preparations in which the base materials or the first phases, for example polymers, are chemically optimized and adapted to the respective fillers. The optimization sees one actual chemical change and / or the mixing of various components, such as polymer components, before. Also particularly advantageous is the use of annealed or graphitized CNT / graphites. Further advantages may result from the use of mixtures of different graphites and / or the use of mixtures of different CNTs and / or the use of mixtures of different metal particles and / or the use of mixtures of different ceramic particles as well as the use of other conductivity additives, eg carbon black, metal-coated silicates, etc.
Vorteilhafterweise können den Zubereitungen bei Bedarf weitere Hilfsstoffe zugesetzt werden, etwa in Beschichtungen oder in Gieß- oder Knetmassen. Dies ist allerdings nicht zwingend zur Verbesserung der Leitfähigkeit notwendig und auch nicht in allen Fällen erwünscht.If desired, further auxiliaries can advantageously be added to the preparations, for example in coatings or in casting or kneading compositions. However, this is not necessarily necessary for improving the conductivity and is not desirable in all cases.
So beeinflusst die Zugabe von Lösemitteln und/oder Reaktivverdünnern die Viskosität und ist speziell in dünnen Beschichtungen von großer Bedeutung und großem Vorteil.Thus, the addition of solvents and / or reactive diluents influences the viscosity and is of great importance and great advantage, especially in thin coatings.
Die Zugabe von Haftvermittlern wie z.B. Silane, Titanate oder Zirconate, etc. verbessern die Haftung zwischen Füllstoffen und Matrix und zwischen Zubereitung und Substrat.The addition of adhesion promoters such as e.g. Silanes, titanates or zirconates, etc. improve the adhesion between fillers and matrix and between preparation and substrate.
Die Viskosität kann mittels rheologischer Additive bis zum erwünschten Wert erhöht werden um ein Absetzen der CNT und der anderen Additive zu verhindern oder zu verlangsamen, was beispielsweise zu einer Erhöhung der Lagerstabilität führt.The viscosity can be increased to the desired level by means of rheological additives to prevent or slow settling of the CNT and other additives, for example, resulting in an increase in storage stability.
Mechanische Eigenschaften können durch andere Partikel wie z.B. Talkum, Glimmer, Quarz, etc. weiterhin verbessert oder beeinflusst werden.
ReaktivharzeMechanical properties can be further improved or influenced by other particles such as talc, mica, quartz, etc. reactive resins
Die Erfindung umfasst neben 1 -Komponenten-Systemen auch 2-Komponenten- und Mehrkomponenten-Systeme. Dies wird in dem Sinne verstanden, dass der Anwender der hier beschriebenen Zubereitungen im Falle von 1 K-Systemen Wärme einleiten muss um eine Vernetzung hervorzurufen und im Falle von 2K- undThe invention includes 1-component systems as well as 2-component and multi-component systems. This is understood in the sense that in the case of 1K systems, the user of the formulations described herein must introduce heat to cause cross-linking and in the case of 2K and 2K
Mehrkomponenten-Systemen besagte Komponenten zunächst miteinander vermischen muss um eine Vernetzung bei RT oder über das einleiten von Wärme zu erreichen.Multicomponent systems said components must first mix together to achieve networking at RT or via the introduction of heat.
Elastomereelastomers
Die Erfindung umfasst jede Art der Darreichungsform.The invention includes any type of dosage form.
Thermoplastethermoplastics
Die Erfindung umfasst Zubereitungen unterschiedlicher Form wie z.B. Granulate, Pulver, Dispersionen, Masterbatche, etc.The invention includes preparations of different forms, e.g. Granules, powders, dispersions, masterbatches, etc.
Die vorliegende Erfindung weist eine Reihe von besonderen Vorteilen auf:The present invention has a number of particular advantages:
Die Viskosität, beispielsweise von Reaktivharz, Schmelze, Lösung, etc., ist aufgrund der verhältnismäßig geringen Füllstoffanteile nur leicht gegenüber dem Basisharz oder -härter oder der Polymerschmelze, etc. erhöht. Damit sind die Zubereitungen prinzipiell genauso oder ähnlich handzuhaben wie die ungefüllten Polymere. Dies ermöglicht breitere Anwendungsfelder für die jeweiligen Zubereitungen.The viscosity, for example of reactive resin, melt, solution, etc., is only slightly higher than the base resin or hardener or the polymer melt, etc., due to the relatively low filler contents. Thus, the preparations are in principle the same or similar to handle as the unfilled polymers. This allows broader fields of application for the respective preparations.
Der Einsatz von CNT und Graphit ermöglicht eine erhebliche Kostenersparnis gegenüber herkömmlichen elektrisch leitfähigen Zubereitungen aufgrund der Einsparung an z.B. Ruß, Silber oder AIN.The use of CNT and graphite allows a significant cost savings over conventional electrically conductive formulations due to the saving of e.g. Carbon black, silver or AlN.
Die geringe Füllstoffkonzentration erlaubt ggfs. eine Pigmentierung mit herkömmlichen Farbstoffen.
In einer elektrisch/thermisch leitfähigen, auf herkömmlichen Leitfähigkeitsadditiven basierenden Zubereitung ist es grundsätzlich möglich, einen deutlichen Anteil der Additive zu reduzieren und durch einen wesentlich geringeren Anteil an CNT und Graphit zu ersetzen, ohne die entspr. Leitfähigkeit zu verringern.The low filler concentration allows, if necessary, a pigmentation with conventional dyes. In an electrically / thermally conductive preparation based on conventional conductivity additives, it is fundamentally possible to reduce a significant proportion of the additives and to replace them with a significantly smaller proportion of CNT and graphite without reducing the corresponding conductivity.
Eine Reduktion des Anteils an herkömmlichem Leitfähigkeitsadditiv wie z.B. Graphit, Ruß, Silber oder AIN um 75%, 50%, 30%, 20% gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Anteil ist durch einen Zusatz von 0.05-1.5% CNT und 1 -15% Graphit, insbesondere 0.3- 0.6% CNT bzw. 5-10% Graphit in Bezug auf die Gesamtzubereitung kompensierbar.A reduction in the level of conventional conductivity additive, e.g. Graphite, carbon black, silver or AIN at 75%, 50%, 30%, 20% compared to the original content is added by addition of 0.05-1.5% CNT and 1-15% graphite, in particular 0.3- 0.6% CNT or 5% 10% graphite compensated in relation to the total preparation.
Der Effekt ist auch übertragbar auf die Kombination mit metallbeschichteten Silikaten, Titanoxid und auf Fasern aus Kohlenstoff und Metall, etc.The effect is also transferable to the combination with metal-coated silicates, titanium oxide and fibers of carbon and metal, etc.
Die neuen Zubereitungen sind leicht handhabbar und applizierbar da der Gesamtfüllstoffgehalt und damit auch die Viskosität reduziert ist.The new preparations are easy to handle and apply because the total filler content and thus the viscosity is reduced.
Der Einsatz von CNT und Graphit ermöglicht neuartige Zubereitungen, die geringere Kosten verursachen als herkömmliche Formulierungen.The use of CNT and graphite allows novel formulations that cost less than conventional formulations.
Die Kombination Graphit/CNT übertrifft jede andere Kombination von Kohlenstoffen bezüglich der elektrischen und thermischen Leitfähigkeit und Verarbeitung, was eine erhebliche Kostenersparnis mit sich bringt.The graphite / CNT combination outperforms any other combination of carbons in terms of electrical and thermal conductivity and workmanship, resulting in significant cost savings.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einiger vorteilhafter, jedoch nicht ausschließlicher Beispiele beschrieben.The invention will be described below with reference to some advantageous, but non-exclusive examples.
Beispiel: Herstellung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Epoxy-ZubereitungExample: Preparation of an electrically conductive epoxy preparation
Gefüllte Epoxidharze, insbesondere Standard Bisphenol A basiert Graphit wird mit dem Basisepoxy zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basisepoxy zu einem hochkonzentrierten
Masterbatch gemischt. Beide Masterbatche werden miteinander und mit Basisharz in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <10Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <1 kΩ (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Filled epoxy resins, in particular standard bisphenol A based Graphite is mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Also, the CNT become a highly concentrated with the basic epoxy Mixed masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base resin in the desired concentrations. The preparation has a viscosity <10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <1 kΩ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Gefüllte Härter, insbesondere AminbasiertFilled hardener, especially amine-based
Graphit wird mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Beide MB werden miteinander und mit Basishärter in der gewünschten Konzentration gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <1 Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <100Ω (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB. Also, the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB. Both MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentration. The preparation has a viscosity <1 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <100 Ω (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Ausgehärtete ProbeCured sample
Nach dem Mischen der Harz- und Härter-Komponente im richtigen Verhältnis wird das Harz vernetzt. Die ausgehärtete Probe (Flachstab: 4x10x80) wird mittels Leitsilber an den kleinsten gegenüberliegenden Flächen kontaktiert und der Widerstand mit einem Multimeter ermittelt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Geometrie der Probe ergibt sich ein spezifischer Widerstand <100Ωcm bei einer CNT-Konzentration <0.6% und einer Graphit-Konzentration <10%. Die Harz/Härter-Mischung ist leicht gießbar.After mixing the resin and hardener components in the correct ratio, the resin is crosslinked. The hardened sample (flat bar: 4x10x80) is contacted by means of conductive silver on the smallest opposing surfaces and the resistance is determined with a multimeter. Taking into account the geometry of the sample, a specific resistance of <100 Ωcm results at a CNT concentration <0.6% and a graphite concentration <10%. The resin / hardener mixture is easy to pour.
Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für heizbare Beschichtungen und heizbare Formen. Weitere vorteilhafte Verwendungen und Anwendungen für die vorliegende Erfindung sind beispielsweise:The present invention is particularly suitable for heatable coatings and heatable molds. Further advantageous uses and applications for the present invention are, for example:
Leitfähige Beschichtungen und Klebstoffe:Conductive coatings and adhesives:
Elektrostatisch ableitende FußbödenElectrostatic dissipative floors
Elektromagnetische Abschirmung elektrisch/thermisch leitfähige Klebstoffe für die ElektronikElectromagnetic shielding electrically / thermally conductive adhesives for electronics
Leitfähige Gieß- und Knetmassen:
Elektrostatisch ableitende Formen Elektromagnetische abschirmende Gehäuse elektrisch/thermisch leitfähige Gehäuse für die ElektronikConductive casting and kneading compounds: Electrostatic dissipative forms Electromagnetic shielding enclosures electrically / thermally conductive housings for electronics
Strukturbauteile mit verbesserter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit: CFK (Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff) GFK (Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) SFK (Synthetikfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) PrepregsStructural components with improved electrical conductivity: CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) SFK (synthetic fiber reinforced plastic) prepregs
Ausgangsstoffe für Kohlenstoff und Keramik-Komposite Phenol, Cyanat Ester, Pech, PolysilaneStarting materials for carbon and ceramic composites phenol, cyanate ester, pitch, polysilanes
Reaktive Systeme, die über Mikrowellen und/oder elektrische Felder erwärmt und vernetzt werden könnenReactive systems that can be heated and networked via microwaves and / or electric fields
Schmelzklebstoffe, Reifen, und dergleichen.Hot melt adhesives, tires, and the like.
Beispiel: Herstellung einer thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Epoxy-ZubereitungExample: Preparation of a thermally and electrically conductive epoxy preparation
Gefüllte Epoxidharze, insbesondere Cvcloaliphat basiertFilled epoxy resins, especially Cvcloaliphat based
Graphit wird mit dem Basisepoxy zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basisepoxy zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Auch AIN-Pulver wird mit dem Basisepoxy zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Alle Masterbatche werden miteinander und mit Basisharz in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <25Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <10kΩ (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Graphite is mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. The CNTs are also mixed with the base epoxy to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Also AIN powder is mixed with the base epoxy to a highly concentrated masterbatch. All masterbatches are mixed together and with base resin in the desired concentrations. The preparation has a viscosity of <25Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <10kΩ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Zugabe latenter Härter, insbesondere Anhydrid basiert
Graphit wird mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Auch AIN-Pulver wird mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Alle MB werden miteinander und mit Basishärter in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <10Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <1 kΩ (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Addition of latent hardener, especially anhydride based Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB. Also, the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB. Also AIN powder is mixed with the base hardener to a MB. All MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentrations. The preparation has a viscosity <10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <1 kΩ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Ausgehärtete ProbeCured sample
Nach dem Mischen der Harz-, Härter- und Beschleuniger-Komponente im richtigen Verhältnis erhält man ein 1-K-System, dass mehrere Wochen bis Monate bei RT lagerfähig ist. Das Harz wird bei erhöhter Temperatur ausgehärtet. Der spezifische Widerstand einer Klebeschicht liegt im Bereich 1 -10kΩcm und die Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Bereich 5-6W/m.K. Die CNT-Konzentration ist <0.6%, die Graphit-Konzentration <10% und die AIN-Konentration <40%. Die Harz/Härter- Mischung (Paste) ist leicht auftragbar.After mixing the resin, hardener and accelerator components in the correct ratio, a 1-K system is obtained which can be stored at RT for several weeks to months. The resin is cured at elevated temperature. The specific resistance of an adhesive layer is in the range 1 -10kΩcm and the thermal conductivity in the range 5-6W / m.K. The CNT concentration is <0.6%, the graphite concentration <10% and the AIN concentration <40%. The resin / hardener mixture (paste) is easy to apply.
Beispiel: Herstellung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Polyurethan-ZubereitungExample: Production of an electrically conductive polyurethane preparation
Gefüllte Polvole Graphit wird mit dem Basispolyol zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basispolyol zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Beide Masterbatche werden miteinander und mit Basispolyol in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <10Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <1 kΩ (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Filled Polvole Graphite is mixed with the base polyol to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. The CNTs are also mixed with the base polyol to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base polyol in the desired concentrations. The preparation has a viscosity <10 Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <1 kΩ (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Gefüllte IsocvanateStuffed isocvanate
Graphit wird mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basishärter zu einem MB gemischt. Beide MB werden miteinander und mit Basishärter in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine
Viskosität <10Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <1 kΩ (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Graphite is mixed with the base hardener to form a MB. Also, the CNT are mixed with the base hardener to a MB. Both MB are mixed together and with base hardener in the desired concentrations. The preparation has one Viscosity <10Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <1 kΩ (electrodes immersed in multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Ausgehärtete Probe Nach dem Mischen der Harz- und Härter-Komponente im richtigen Verhältnis wird das Harz vernetzt und schäumt auf. Die venetzte Probe hat einen Oberflächenwiderstand von 1 -1 OkΩ und einen Widerstand im Inneren von 0.5-5MΩ.Cured Sample After mixing the resin and hardener components in the proper ratio, the resin cross-links and foams. The crosslinked sample has a surface resistance of 1 -1 OkΩ and a resistance inside of 0.5-5MΩ.
Sehr ähnliche Ergebnisse erhält man bei gleicher Vorgehensweise auch für weiche, elastische Polyurethane.Very similar results are obtained with the same procedure also for soft, elastic polyurethanes.
Beispiel: Herstellung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Silikon-ZubereitungExample: Preparation of an electrically conductive silicone preparation
Gefüllte SilikoneFilled silicones
Graphit wird mit dem Basissilikon zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Auch die CNT werden mit dem Basissilikon zu einem hochkonzentrierten Masterbatch gemischt. Beide Masterbatche werden miteinander und mit Basissilikon in den gewünschten Konzentrationen gemischt. Die Zubereitung hat eine Viskosität <50Pas (Platte/Platte) und einen Widerstand von <10Ω (Elektroden an Multimeter eingetaucht, Abstand ~1 cm).Graphite is mixed with the base silicone to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. The CNTs are also mixed with the base silicone to form a highly concentrated masterbatch. Both masterbatches are mixed together and with base silicone in the desired concentrations. The preparation has a viscosity <50Pas (plate / plate) and a resistance of <10Ω (electrodes immersed in a multimeter, distance ~ 1 cm).
Zugabe Vernetzer und VernetzungAddition of crosslinker and crosslinking
Nach dem Mischen der Harz- und Vernetzer-Komponente im richtigen Verhältnis wird das Silikon-Harz vernetzt. Die vernetzte Probe hat einen Oberflächenwiderstand von 100-1000Ω. Im Allgemeinen verliert das Material an Flexibilität, bleibt aber dennoch ausreichend elastisch.After mixing the resin and crosslinker component in the proper ratio, the silicone resin is crosslinked. The crosslinked sample has a surface resistance of 100-1000 Ω. In general, the material loses flexibility but still remains sufficiently elastic.
Beispiel: Herstellung einer elektrisch leitfähigen Polvvinylbutyral-Zubereitung Lösen des Thermoplasten in einem Lösemittel
Dispergieren der CNT in einem kompatiblen Lösemittel Dispergieren des Graphits in einem kompatiblen Lösemittel Vermischen der Zubereitungen in dem gewünschten Verhältnis Auftragen eines Films und TrocknungExample: Preparation of an electrically conductive polyvinyl butyral preparation Dissolution of the thermoplastic in a solvent Dispersing the CNT in a compatible solvent dispersing the graphite in a compatible solvent mixing the formulations in the desired ratio applying a film and drying
Die Beschichtung hat einen Oberflächenwiderstand von <105Ohm.The coating has a surface resistance of <10 5 ohms.
Alle Zubereitungen mit Widerständen im Bereich 1 kΩ können vorteilhaft über das Anlegen einer Spannung von 30-50V geheizt werden.
All preparations with resistances in the range 1 kΩ can advantageously be heated by applying a voltage of 30-50V.
Claims
1. Leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähige Zubereitung, aufweisend eine erste, zumindest zeitweilig flüssige Phase sowie wenigstens ein, vorzugsweise wenigstens zwei in der ersten Phase vorgesehene(s) Leitfähigkeitsadditiv(e).1. Conductive preparation, in particular electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, comprising a first, at least temporarily liquid phase and at least one, preferably at least two provided in the first phase (s) conductivity additive (s).
2. Leitfähige Zubereitung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und/oder zweite Leitfähigkeitsadditiv auf Kohlenstoffbasis ausgebildet ist/sind.2. Conductive preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and / or second conductivity additive is / are formed on a carbon basis.
3. Leitfähige Zubereitung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese wenigstens einen Binder und/oder wenigstens ein weiteres Additiv aufweist.3. Conductive preparation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least one binder and / or at least one further additive.
4. Leitfähige Zubereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese elektrische Kontakte oder Mittel zum Anbringen von elektrischen Kontakten aufweist.4. Conductive preparation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises electrical contacts or means for attaching electrical contacts.
5. Leitfähige Zubereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese als Beschichtung und/oder als Heizelement oder für ein Heizelement ausgebildet ist.5. Conductive preparation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is designed as a coating and / or as a heating element or for a heating element.
6. Leitfähige Zubereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese auf einem Substrat aufgetragen ist oder als auf ein Substrat aufbringbar ausgebildet ist.6. Conductive preparation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is applied to a substrate or can be applied as applied to a substrate.
7. Leitfähige Zubereitung, insbesondere Kunststoffzubereitung, insbesondere gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens ein7. Conductive preparation, in particular plastic preparation, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by at least one
Grundmaterial, insbesondere ein Kunststoffmaterial sowie wenigstens zwei zugemischte Additive, wobei wenigstens ein Additiv als Leitfähigkeitsadditiv ausgebildet ist.Base material, in particular a plastic material and at least two admixed additives, wherein at least one additive is formed as a conductivity additive.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer elektrisch und/oder thermisch leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer leitfähigen Zubereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:8. A process for producing a conductive preparation, in particular an electrically and / or thermally conductive preparation, in particular a conductive preparation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the following steps:
A) Bereitstellen einer ersten zumindest zeitweilig flüssigen Phase;A) providing a first at least temporarily liquid phase;
B) Zugeben wenigstens eines Leitfähigkeitsadditivs, vorzugsweise von wenigstens zwei Leitfähigkeitsadditiven in die erste Phase;B) adding at least one conductivity additive, preferably at least two conductivity additives into the first phase;
C) Vermengen der ersten Phase und des wenigstens einen Leitfähigkeitsadditiv in einen homogenen Zustand.C) mixing the first phase and the at least one conductivity additive in a homogeneous state.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Binder und/oder wenigstens ein weiteres Additiv zugegebenen wird/werden.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one binder and / or at least one further additive is / are added.
10.Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die leitfähige Zubereitung auf ein Substrat aufgebracht wird.10.A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the conductive preparation is applied to a substrate.
11.Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen11.Verfahren according to any one of claims 8 to 10 for producing a conductive
Zubereitung in Form einer Beschichtung und/oder zur Herstellung eines Heizelements oder eines Elements für ein Heizelement.Preparation in the form of a coating and / or for producing a heating element or an element for a heating element.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, insbesondere einer Zubereitung nach einem der12. A process for producing a conductive preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, in particular a preparation according to one of
Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Verfahren vorzugsweise gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11 durchgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens einem Grundmaterial, insbesondere einem Kunststoffmaterial, wenigstens zwei Additive zugegeben werden, wobei wenigstens ein Additiv als Leitfähigkeitsadditiv ausgebildet ist, und dass die Einzelkomponenten zu einer Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, vermischt werden.Claims 1 to 7, wherein the method is preferably carried out according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that at least one base material, in particular a plastic material, at least two additives are added, wherein at least one additive is formed as a conductive additive, and that the individual components to a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation, are mixed.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer leitfähigen Zubereitung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erstes Additiv in Form eines13. A process for producing a conductive preparation according to claim 12, characterized in that a first additive in the form of a
Leitfähigkeitsadditivs, bevorzugt auf Kohlenstoffbasis, mit einem Grundmaterial vermischt wird, dass ein zweites Additiv, insbesondere ein Leitfähigkeitsadditiv, bevorzugt auf Kohlenstoffbasis, mit einem Grundmaterial vermischt wird, und dass die beiden Teilmischungen zu einer Zubereitung, insbesondere einer Kunststoffzubereitung, vermischt werden.Conductivity additive, preferably based on carbon, is mixed with a base material, that a second additive, in particular a conductive additive, preferably based on carbon, is mixed with a base material, and that the two sub-mixtures are mixed to form a preparation, in particular a plastic preparation.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Grundmaterial und/oder der Zubereitung wenigstens ein weiteres Material und/oder wenigstens ein weiterer Stoff, zugemischt wird/werden. 14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the base material and / or the preparation of at least one further material and / or at least one further substance, is / are mixed.
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DE102008061834 | 2008-12-11 | ||
DE102009015493 | 2009-03-30 | ||
PCT/EP2009/066626 WO2010066730A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2009-12-08 | Conductive preparation and method for the production thereof |
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US (1) | US20120025131A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2373726A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2012511799A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101670912B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN106167602A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010066730A1 (en) |
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JP2012511799A (en) | 2012-05-24 |
CN106167602A (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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KR101670912B1 (en) | 2016-10-31 |
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KR20110111401A (en) | 2011-10-11 |
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