EP2373251A1 - Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse

Info

Publication number
EP2373251A1
EP2373251A1 EP09778744A EP09778744A EP2373251A1 EP 2373251 A1 EP2373251 A1 EP 2373251A1 EP 09778744 A EP09778744 A EP 09778744A EP 09778744 A EP09778744 A EP 09778744A EP 2373251 A1 EP2373251 A1 EP 2373251A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
electric heater
inner tube
experimental animal
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09778744A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Van Ooy
Peter Schnell
Herbert Engels
Johannes Doll
Erwin Anskeit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products SA
Original Assignee
Philip Morris Products SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris Products SA filed Critical Philip Morris Products SA
Priority to EP09778744A priority Critical patent/EP2373251A1/fr
Publication of EP2373251A1 publication Critical patent/EP2373251A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals
    • A61D7/04—Devices for anaesthetising animals by gases or vapours; Inhaling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for treatment of ambient air.
  • the apparatus and method are suitable to supply treated air to an individual small experimental animal.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus and method for treating the temperature and humidity of air, for supply to an individual experimental rodent.
  • gaseous material Individual exposure of experimental animals to gaseous material is known, particularly for small experimental animals, such as rodents.
  • the experimental animals are usually confined individually and gaseous material for inhalation may be directed generally towards the nose of the animal.
  • the gaseous material may be supplied intra-tracheally, that is, directly into the trachea of the experimental animal, optionally via a tracheal cannula. Exposure of experimental animals to gaseous material can be useful for toxicological evaluation of inhalable gaseous material.
  • US patent US-A-4,721 ,060 describes an exposure system in which rodents are closely confined in exposure bottles, whose inner ends extend into fittings connected to a manifold and whose outer ends are closed.
  • the manifold includes inner and outer sections. Aerosol or gas from the inner section of the manifold flows into each bottle via a tube.
  • apparatus for treatment of ambient air for supply to an individual small experimental animal comprising: an inlet for ambient air; an inner tube having a porous wall; an electric heater surrounding the inner tube; a cuff surrounding the electric heater and the inner tube, for delivering water to the electric heater, the cuff being connectable to a water supply; an outlet for treated air; and an exposure tube for housing the individual small experimental animal, the exposure tube having an inlet for the treated air, connected to the outlet.
  • Water is supplied to the electric heater, preferably, in a substantially uniform manner along its length.
  • the electric heater vaporizes the water, and the resulting water vapour then diffuses through the porous wall, into the inner tube.
  • the vapour mixes with the ambient air supplied at the inlet of the apparatus, and exits the apparatus with the air, through the outlet.
  • the inlet may also be used for introducing an additional gaseous material.
  • the cuff may also be used for delivery of an additional liquid to the electric heater. In that case, the cuff may be attached to an additional liquid supply.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is particularly useful to supply treated air to an individual small experimental animal, such as a rodent.
  • the rodent may be a rat, a mouse or another suitable type of rodent.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is particularly suitable for intra-tracheal exposure of small experimental animals, such as rodents.
  • the treated air is supplied to the trachea of the experimental animal via a tracheal cannula, for intra-tracheal inhalation.
  • the treatment of the air in the apparatus substitutes for the heating and humidifying functions of the nose of the experimental animal. This means that the treated air is delivered to the lung of the experimental animal as if inhaled through the nose, but without the filtration function of the nose.
  • the small experimental animal preferably has a mass less than about 2000 g. Even more preferably, the small experimental animal has a mass less than about 1500 g. Even more preferably, the small experimental animal has a mass less than about 1000 g. Even more preferably, the small experimental animal has a mass less than about 500 g. In one example, the small experimental animal has a mass between about 250 g and about 550 g.
  • the small experimental animal preferably has a lung capacity of less than about 5 ml. Even more preferably, the small experimental animal has a lung capacity of less than about 2 ml. Even more preferably, the small experimental animal has a lung capacity of less than about 0.3 ml. In one example, the small experimental animal has a lung capacity of between about 0.1 ml and 0.3 ml.
  • the apparatus is sized for a small experimental animal with a lung capacity of between about 0.1 ml and about 5 ml.
  • the treatment of the air comprises at least one of: increasing the temperature of the air, and increasing the vapour content of the air.
  • the vapour content is a measure of the amount of liquid vapour in a given volume of gaseous material, and may be indicated as a percentage or as a temperature below which liquid will begin to condense out of the gaseous material.
  • the apparatus according to the invention increases the humidity of the air passing through the apparatus to between about 80 % and about 99 %, more preferably to between about 90 % and about 99 %, most preferably to between about 93 % and about 98 %.
  • the treatment comprises at least one of: increasing the temperature of the air to a temperature higher than ambient temperature, and increasing the humidity of the air to a humidity higher than ambient humidity.
  • the humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour in a given volume of gaseous material, and may be indicated as a percentage or as a temperature (the dew point) below which water will begin to condense out of the gaseous material.
  • the apparatus further comprises a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of treated air.
  • the temperature sensor may be near to the outlet.
  • the temperature sensor comprises a thermocouple.
  • the temperature of the treated air is controllable, by controlling the electric current through the electric heater and hence the temperature of the electric heater.
  • the temperature sensor is coupled to the electric heater for control of the temperature of the treated air.
  • the apparatus further comprises control means for controlling the temperature of the electric heater in response to a signal from the temperature sensor.
  • the water vapour content of the treated air is controllable, by controlling the amount of water vapour diffusing through the porous wall of the inner tube.
  • the humidity may be controlled manually, by adjustment of the water supply, for example with an infusion pump.
  • the relative humidity is determined before connection with a tracheal cannula of an experimental animal.
  • the water vapour content is controlled by controlling the dimensions of the inner tube, including the thickness of the porous wall, or by controlling the dimensions of the electric heater, including the length and thickness and, if the electric heater comprises an electric heating coil, the number of turns.
  • the water vapour content may be further controlled by the dimensions of the cuff, including the length and thickness, or by the flow rate of air into the inlet.
  • the water vapour content may be controlled by the electric current through the electric heater or by the supply of water to the cuff.
  • the water vapour content may be controlled by any combinations of the above.
  • the internal volume of the inner tube is between about 0.05 ml and about 0.5 ml. More preferably, the internal volume of the inner tube is between about 0.1 ml and about 0.3 ml. Most preferably, the internal volume of the inner tube is about 0.2 ml. This is advantageous because the volume of the inner tube is comparable to or smaller than the lung volume of a small experimental animal. In addition, such a small volume means that, if the apparatus is used with an aerosol, there is only a low level of particle deposition on the inner surface of the inner tube.
  • the internal diameter of the inner tube is between about 1 mm and about 2 mm. In one embodiment, the internal diameter of the inner tube is about 1.5 mm.
  • the inner tube comprises a ceramic tube.
  • the porosity of the ceramic is known.
  • the pore diameter of the ceramic tube is between about 2 ⁇ m and about 10 ⁇ m. Even more preferably, the pore diameter of the ceramic tube is about 3 ⁇ m.
  • the tube comprises alpha-aluminium oxide.
  • the apparatus in use, is used with a pump for pumping the untreated ambient air into the inlet.
  • the flow rate of the untreated air into the inlet is controlled to match the lung volume of the experimental animal.
  • the stroke volume of the pump is adjustable between about 0.1 ml and about 5 ml.
  • the stroke frequency can be adjusted to match the breathing behaviour of the experimental animal. For example, where the experimental animal is a rat, the stroke volume of the pump is about 1.5 ml and the frequency of the pump is about 100/min.
  • the electric heater comprises an electric heating coil.
  • the electric heating coil comprises a metal wire.
  • the electric heating coil is a metal alloy wire.
  • the electric heating coil is a constantan wire.
  • the cuff comprises a glass fibre delivery cuff.
  • the cuff has a length substantially equal to the length of the electric heater, so as to provide a uniform delivery of water to the heater.
  • the cuff has a circumference substantially equal to the circumference of the electric heater, so as to provide a uniform delivery of water to the heater.
  • the water supply is arranged to supply water to the cuff along its length, so as to assist with a uniform delivery of water from the cuff to the heater.
  • the water supply is arranged to supply water to the cuff around its circumference, so as to assist with a uniform delivery of water from the cuff to the heater.
  • the apparatus may further comprise an outer tube surrounding the inner tube, electric heater and cuff.
  • the outer tube is a glass outer tube.
  • the outer tube is sealed at both ends with end caps.
  • the apparatus may further comprise an insulating cover surrounding the outer tube.
  • a method for treatment of ambient air for supply to an individual small experimental animal comprising the steps of: delivering water to an electric heater, the electric heater surrounding an inner tube having a porous wall; pumping ambient air into an inlet of the inner tube; the electric heater heating the air in the inner tube and vaporizing the water; the water vapour diffusing through the porous wall into the tube, thereby increasing the water vapour content of the air; and delivering the treated air into an inlet of an exposure tube for housing an individual small experimental animal.
  • the method may further comprise delivering an additional liquid to the electric heater.
  • the method may further comprise pumping an additional gaseous material into the inlet.
  • a method of supplying air to a small experimental animal including the step of treating ambient air according to the method of the second aspect of the invention.
  • gaseous material wherever used, is used to refer to any gas or vapour or aerosol or combination thereof. Aerosols comprise small solid particles dispersed in a gas.
  • An aerosol is smoke, in which solid smoke particles are dispersed in air.
  • flow of gaseous material is therefore flow of the gas or vapour or aerosol or combination thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows one exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
  • the apparatus 101 comprises an inner tube in the form of porous ceramic tube 103.
  • Surrounding the porous ceramic tube 103 is an electric heater in the form of electric heating coil 105, having electrical connections 107a and 107b.
  • the porous ceramic tube 103 and heating coil 105 are covered with a cuff for liquid delivery, in the form of glass fibre wadding 109.
  • the glass fibre wadding 109 is fed with a constant flow of water via water inlet 111.
  • the porous ceramic tube 103, heating coil 105 and wadding 109 are surrounded by an outer tube in the form of tubing 1 13, sealed at each end with an end cap, 115a and 115b.
  • the tubing 113 is covered with an insulating cover 1 17.
  • thermocouple 119 A temperature sensor in the form of thermocouple 119 is also provided to determine the air temperature of the treated air exiting the apparatus.
  • the porous ceramic tube 103 preferably has a small pore size.
  • the pore diameter is about 3 ⁇ m, although the pores may have any suitable diameter, according to the volume of treated air required.
  • the internal diameter of the inner tube is preferably between about 1 mm and about 2 mm.
  • the porous ceramic tube has an internal diameter of about 1.5 mm.
  • the porous tube comprises alpha-aluminium oxide ( ⁇ -aluminium oxide, ⁇ -AI 2 O 3 ). Such a tube may be obtained from inocermic GmbH of Hermsdorf, Germany
  • the electric heating coil 105 comprises a constantan wire.
  • Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy usually including 60% copper and 40% nickel. Other metals and alloys may also be suitable.
  • the wire is 28 cm long and has a diameter of 0.25 mm. The resistance provided by such a heating coil is 10 ⁇ /m.
  • the tubing 113 is preferably glass.
  • the tubing 113 is Duran® tubing manufactured by Schott AG of Mainz, Germany.
  • the end caps 115a and 1 15b are preferably made from Teflon® and provide a watertight and gastight seal.
  • the electrical connection 107a passes through end cap 115a and through tubing 113, and the electrical connection 107b passes through end cap 115b and through tubing 113.
  • the insulating cover is preferably made from Teflon®.
  • thermocouple 1 19 is preferably centrally located at the outlet 205 of the apparatus.
  • the thermocouple may be located in a LuerLock® connector made by OzoneLab Instruments of Burton, Canada.
  • air is pumped into the apparatus at input 201.
  • the stroke volume of the pump may be about 1.5 ml and the frequency of the pump may be about 100/min.
  • Water is injected into inlet 111 by an infusion pump, through a stainless steel tube (not shown) that is tightly mounted onto the tubing 1 13.
  • the glass fibre wadding achieves a uniform delivery of water to the heating coil 105. Because the water is evaporated outside the porous ceramic tube and subsequently diffuses through the porous wall into the inner tube, a uniform humidification can be achieved.
  • the air is treated to a temperature of around 35° C and a humidity of around 85 to 95%.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the apparatus in which the gaseous material pumped into the apparatus is ambient air, and liquid supplied to the glass fibre wadding, and hence to the heating coil, is water.
  • additional gaseous material may be supplied to the apparatus, for example, any other type of gas, vapour, aerosol or combination thereof, for example a pharmaceutical aerosol or cigarette smoke.
  • additional liquid may be vaporized by the heating coil, for example, any type of evaporable liquid, for example, flavours or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil destiné au traitement de l’air ambiant destiné à un petit animal individuel de laboratoire. L’appareil comporte une admission d’air ambiant, un tube interne présentant une paroi poreuse, un appareil de chauffage électrique entourant le tube interne et un manchon entourant l’appareil de chauffage électrique et le tube interne. Le manchon est conçu pour distribuer de l’eau à l’appareil de chauffage électrique. Le manchon peut être raccordé à une alimentation d’eau. L’appareil comporte en outre une sortie pour l’air traité et un tube d’exposition destiné à abriter le petit animal individuel de laboratoire. Le tube d’exposition comporte une admission pour l’air traité, raccordée à la sortie. L’invention concerne également un procédé de traitement de l’air ambiant destiné au petit animal individuel de laboratoire.
EP09778744A 2008-12-05 2009-09-28 Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse Withdrawn EP2373251A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09778744A EP2373251A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2009-09-28 Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08253901 2008-12-05
PCT/EP2009/006971 WO2010063338A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2009-09-28 Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse
EP09778744A EP2373251A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2009-09-28 Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2373251A1 true EP2373251A1 (fr) 2011-10-12

Family

ID=40591824

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09778744A Withdrawn EP2373251A1 (fr) 2008-12-05 2009-09-28 Appareil et procédé de traitement de matière gazeuse

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2373251A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2743776A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010063338A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010050080A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2001-12-13 Seakins Paul John Breathing assistance apparatus

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4721060A (en) 1986-07-17 1988-01-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Nose-only exposure system
DE19502691C1 (de) * 1995-01-28 1996-03-07 Sachs Elektronik Kg Hugo Vorrichtung zur Perfusion und Ventilation der Lunge eines Versuchstieres
AUPO425496A0 (en) * 1996-12-18 1997-01-16 William A Cook Australia Pty Ltd Medical humidifier
US7377276B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2008-05-27 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Automated inhalation toxicology exposure system and method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010050080A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2001-12-13 Seakins Paul John Breathing assistance apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2010063338A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2743776A1 (fr) 2010-06-10
WO2010063338A1 (fr) 2010-06-10

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