EP2372221B1 - Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator - Google Patents

Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2372221B1
EP2372221B1 EP10380045.4A EP10380045A EP2372221B1 EP 2372221 B1 EP2372221 B1 EP 2372221B1 EP 10380045 A EP10380045 A EP 10380045A EP 2372221 B1 EP2372221 B1 EP 2372221B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
condenser
pressure
liquefied natural
natural gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10380045.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2372221A1 (de
Inventor
Javier Llabrés Veguillas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA
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Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DK10380045.4T priority Critical patent/DK2372221T3/en
Priority to ES10380045.4T priority patent/ES2541953T3/es
Priority to PT103800454T priority patent/PT2372221E/pt
Priority to EP10380045.4A priority patent/EP2372221B1/de
Priority to PL10380045T priority patent/PL2372221T3/pl
Application filed by Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA filed Critical Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas SA
Publication of EP2372221A1 publication Critical patent/EP2372221A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2372221B1 publication Critical patent/EP2372221B1/de
Priority to HRP20150698TT priority patent/HRP20150698T1/hr
Priority to CY20151100584T priority patent/CY1116461T1/el
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0456—Calorific or heating value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/061—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/022—Mixing fluids identical fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

Definitions

  • the mentioned invention consists of a Boil-off Gas (BOG) re-condenser for reliquefying boil-off gas generated by Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
  • BOG Boil-off Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • a Liquefied Natural Gas receiving and re-gasification terminal serves to connect the continuous process of pressurisation, vaporisation of Liquefied Natural Gas and gas send-out, with the intermittent process of safely berthing and unloading of Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers using the buffering storage capacity of the LNG storage tanks.
  • a Liquefied Natural Gas terminal will receive Liquefied Natural Gas by carrier and store it in cryogenic state, at boiling conditions, at approximately - 160 °C and slightly, above atmospheric pressures in Liquefied Natural Gas storage tanks.
  • Liquefied Natural Gas from the Liquefied Natural Gas storage tanks is pressurized with the Low Pressure pumps and combined with re-condensed Boil Off Gas in the re-condenser. Then, Liquefied Natural Gas is pressurized by the High Pressure pumps and sent to the vaporizers, where it is vaporized at high-pressure and sent to the grid via the metering station.
  • Cryogenic conditions need to be maintained in the entire terminal, including the unloading lines via circulating LNG.
  • vapour is generated in the LNG storage Tanks.
  • This vapour is called the Boil Off Gas.
  • This BOG must be recovered in order to minimize atmospheric emissions and economical losses.
  • the re-condenser is an apparatus where the BOG generated in the terminal is put in contact with sub-cooled LNG and is condensed, recovered and mixed with the rest of the LNG send-out flow rate.
  • a lot of re-condensers operate at fixed pressure. This implies spending a lot of energy associated cost due to compressor high duty.
  • a re-condenser with different operating pressures shall reduce operating cost in compressors at high send-out rates by reducing its operating pressure and minimize the minimum send-out by increasing its operating pressure.
  • Instrumentation is simple in some re-condensers, this lead to out of control situations.
  • Patent document US2007/214831-A1 discloses a boil-off gas re-condenser system which is able to operate in a wide range of operating conditions by using a re-condenser vessel with multiple packing beds. However, it is a complex system with improvable results in terms of pressure control stability.
  • the invention presented here is a two separated function re-condenser, with no interaction between the functionalities.
  • the object of present invention is to provide an apparatus (and its surrounding controls) that reliquifies all the BOG generated in the terminal, mixes it with the rest of LNG send-out and that provides a hold up time between LP pumps and HP pumps.
  • This apparatus is a vessel which comprises two separated sections with no interference between them:
  • the BOG re-condenser is a bi-functional system (serves two functions) which solves the problems indicated above. These two functions are:
  • LNG is feed to the vessel via three paths.
  • the top one is used for recondensing the BOG and maintain the pressure stable.
  • This flow is controlled either via a pressure cascade controller or via a function of the BOG real mass flow entering the re-condenser. Operator could select the way pressure is controlled.
  • the surplus of LNG (up to half maximum send-out) is introduced in the lower zone (accumulation one) via level control.
  • This is a simple level control.
  • the surplus of LNG bypasses the re-condenser via flow control.
  • This flow control could be done either based on a function of the total LNG volumetric flow to re-condenser or via a function of the metering station send-out set point. Operator could select the way the bypass is controlled.
  • the accumulation zone does exist, but is half the size of other re-condenser type due to the flow controlled bypass.
  • the controlled bypass control can be done based on:
  • the controlled bypass can control the flow between some specific send-our rate (not exactly the half maximum send-out) up to the maximum send-out rate.
  • Padding gas connection, controlled vent connection (protective pressure controllers) and PSVs are located in the bottom zone. Padding gas and controlled vent working pressures are outside of the normal controlled pressure range. Level protective controller (following the same philosophy as followed in the pressure control) are also providing actions on the controlled bypass.
  • the boil off gas re-condenser of the invention does not have a flow control that maintains always a small LNG flow flowing to the accumulation zone to maintain always a subcooling degree in the HP pump, giving NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head). NPSH is given by re-condenser height only.
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • Wobbe index and HHV adjustment is carried out introducing Nitrogen, in gaseous phase, liquid phase or both at a time in the re-condenser
  • Re-condenser design shown in Figure 1 is based on a fixed pressure re-condenser type and comprises a vessel (15) feeded by three Liquefied Natural Gas lines, in which the vessel (15) comprises two separated zones with no interference between them:
  • This re-condenser has the option to select the pressure set point by the operator in the range of 4 to 8 barg. This set point pressure will be selected based on gas send out flow rate. The desired pressure is controlled with LNG flow to top part of re-condenser.
  • the operating pressure range (in this case described from 4 to 8 barg) could vary based on client and operator requirements.
  • the pressure of the re-condenser could be set from the lowest value of 4 barg at high send-out rates to the maximum value, 8 barg, with minimum send-out rates.
  • the pressure in the re-condenser is low, more LNG flow is required to recondense the same quantity of BOG than the required flow at higher pressure.
  • the pressure in the re-condenser could be lowered because there is no LNG flow limitation (we are far from the minimum send-out) to the contact top section. This is desirable because the BOG compressors require less working duty at low discharge pressure, saving energy.
  • High pressure (8 barg) is set in the re-condenser during minimum send-out requirement. Also during minimum send-out requirements, the BOG generation is higher, because the liquid level in the LNG storage tanks is going-down very slowly.
  • pressure in the re-condenser could be set between 4 and 8 barg.
  • the re-condenser is provided with a padding gas entry from the vaporisers send out, upstream of metering station.
  • This padding gas allows for maintaining the re-condenser pressure at a minimum value.
  • This flow is controlled by a pressure control loop acting on a control valve. In a holding mode of operation, with high send-out rates, the BOG generation in the terminal could be close to zero. Then, the BOG compressors will stop. The re-condenser pressure will go down and the padding gas must be required.
  • the re-condenser is provided also with a direct controlled vent connection back to the LNG Storage Tanks. This is to prevent high pressure in the re-condenser and prevents the PSV to open. This release is controlled with a pressure control loop acting on a control valve.
  • At least one pressure safety valve (13) is the last re-condenser protection against overpressure.
  • Two pressure safety valves could be also fitted, one in operation and the other in spare, to facilitate on-line maintenance of one of these valves. These valves are mechanically interlocked, one is interlocked closed and the other open. Each valve is designed for the complete release flow.
  • the re-condenser In the top part of the re-condenser is also introduced the BOG from the BOG compressors to be re-condensed.
  • the bottom re-condenser section When the send out rate is higher than the required flow in the top section, the remaining LNG is supplied to the bottom re-condenser section up to more or less half of maximum send-out.
  • the bottom hold up part of the re-condenser is to be calculated in seconds (between 15 and 60 seconds) of the half maximum send-out associated LNG flow.
  • send-out rates are also higher than half the maximum send-out LNG flow associated, the remaining of the send-out flow bypasses the re-condenser. This could be done by using a controlled bypass (control valve required).
  • the controlled bypass control is done based on flow control based on total LNG flow to re-condenser (combined flow of the three LNG feeds)
  • This bypass is provided to put out of service the re-condenser and keep working the terminal.
  • This bypass is located outside the isolation valves (8 and 9).
  • This line connects the outlet of the re-condenser with the suction of the HP pumps (29).
  • This line connects the vent lines from the HP pumps to the re-condenser.
  • This line connects the kick-back lines from the HP pumps to the re-condenser. This line could contain two phase flow.
  • the padding gas line (30) connects the outlet of the vaporisers (upstream of the metering station) with the re-condenser on low pressure operation. This allows entering LNG from the send-out to keep the pressure in the vessel in a minimum value.
  • the controlled vent connection line (33) connects the re-condenser with the LNG Storage Tanks on high pressure control. This prevents the pressure to increase in the vessel by opening the control valve, venting to the BOG header.
  • Figure 2 shows the process control loops of the BOG re-condenser for pressure, level, and operational bypass.
  • the BOG re-condenser operates in a fixed pressure mode.
  • the operator selects the desired operating pressure of the BOG re-condenser between 4 to 8 barg. Other operating pressure range could be done based on client requirements.
  • the pressure in the BOG re-condenser is controlled via flow controller (1) (Flow Controller).
  • the flow controller (1) manipulates LNG quench valve (2) which supplies LNG to the packing bed (7) section of the BOG re-condenser, the packing bed (7) consisting either in a ramdon packing or a structured packing.
  • the pressure in the BOG re-condenser can be as low as 4 barg during periods of high send-out flow and as high as 8 barg during periods of minimum send-out rate.
  • the pressure in the BOG re-condenser can be controlled via either a feed-forward pressure control loop or via feed-back pressure control loop.
  • the preferred system can be selected by the operator.
  • the main function of the flow controller (1) controlling the flow rate of sub-cooled LNG to the top is to keep the BOG re-condenser at a fixed pressure and to operate in a stable operating region.
  • the set-point of the flow controller (1) is derived from a function of a specific factor and the measured mass BOG flow (14) that enters into the re-condenser.
  • This specific factor is the result from a function of the desired operator pressure set point, the measured pressure in the vessel and a temperature correction for both LNG and BOG.
  • the main function of the pressure controller (10) is controlling the required fixed pressure in the BOG re-condenser.
  • the pressure controller operates via a cascade control loop, re-setting the set-point of the LNG flow controller (1) to keep the BOG re-condenser at the desired pressure.
  • level controller (6) which manipulates the LNG bottom inlet valve (3) (also two level control valves (3) can be included). If the level rises, the level controller (6) closes the valve (3). If the level drops the response of the level controller is vice versa.
  • Protective level controllers are installed for protection against low and high level:
  • This operating bypass is located between the BOG re-condenser isolation valves (8 and 9).
  • the bottom section has been sized for an LNG flow rate equivalent to half maximum send-out. When the send-out through the LNG terminal exceeds this value the LNG will be sent via an operational bypass to the suction header of the HP pumps.
  • a flow controller (5) in the operational bypass receiving its set point cascaded from the overall terminal send-out set point will open the bypass valve (4) if the send-out flow rate exceeds the half maximum send-out rate. Also it is possible to use the total LNG flow rate to the re-condenser to control this bypass by a function. The operator will decide the control to be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Rückkondensatorsystem für verdunstetes Gas (boil-off gas) umfassend:
    - einen Rückkondensatorbehälter (15), welcher durch Flüssigerdgas gespeist wird, umfassend:
    • einen Einlass für verdunstetes Gas (14);
    • zwei getrennte Bereiche ohne Schnittstelle zwischen sich:
    einen Rückverflüssigungsfüllkörperkontaktbereich (11), welcher in einem oberen Abschnitt des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) gelegen ist und in welchem ein Füllkörperbett (7) zur Rückverflüssigung von verdunstetem Gas aufgenommen ist, welches von einem Kompressorauslass für verdunstetes Gas stammt und in den Einlass für verdunstetes Gas (14) eintritt, wenn es mit unterkühltem Flüssigerdgas in Kontakt tritt, welches aus dem Auslass von Niederdruckpumpen (32) entnommen wird;
    einen unteren Sammelbereich (12), welcher in einem unteren Abschnitt des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) gelegen ist, welcher als Flüssigkeitsaufhaltetrommel für die Hochdruck-Flüssigerdgaspumpen (29) dient, in welche ein Überschuss von Flüssigerdgas eingeführt ist, welches vom Auslass von Niederdruckpumpen (32) über einen Pegelregler (6) entnommen wird,
    • einen oberen Flüssigerdgaseinlass (22), welcher am oberen Abschnitt des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) angeordnet ist und durch welchen das benötigte unterkühlte Flüssigerdgas zum Rückverflüssigen des verdunsteten Gases eingelassen wird;
    • einen unteren Flüssigerdgaseinlass (23), welcher im unteren Sammelbereich (12) angeordnet ist und durch welchen der Überschuss von Flüssigerdgas bis zu einer spezifischen Ausgabegeschwindigkeit eingelassen wird;
    - einen Flüssigerdgasströmungsregler (1) zum Regeln der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von unterkühltem Flüssigerdgas, welches durch den oberen Flüssigerdgaseinlass (22) in den Rückkondensatorbehälter (15) eingelassen wird, um den gewünschten Druck innerhalb des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) aufrecht zu erhalten;
    - einen Pegelregler (6), welcher zumindest ein Pegelregelventil (3) zum Regeln des Pegels des Flüssigerdgases im unteren Sammelbereich (12) umfasst;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System weiterhin Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine durch Flüssigerdgas gesteuerte Umgehungsleitung (24) zum Umgehen des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) mit dem Rest des ausgegebenen Stroms von Flüssigerdgas, welches vom Auslass der Niederdruckpumpen (32) entnommen wird;
    - einen Strömungsregler (5), welcher zumindest ein Strömungsregelumgehungsventil (4) zum Regeln der Strömung des restlichen Flüssigerdgases, welches durch die Umgehungsleitung (24) strömt, von einer bestimmten Ausgabegeschwindigkeit bis zur maximalen Ausgabegeschwindigkeit, umfasst;
    und dass der Einlass für verdunstetes Gas (14) am oberen Abschnitt des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) angeordnet ist.
  2. Rückkondensatorsystem für verdunstetes Gas nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend einen Füllgaseinlass (30) von Verdampferausspeisungen stromaufwärts einer Dosierstation zum Aufrechterhalten des Betriebsdrucks des Rückkondensatorbehälters (15) mit einem Mindestdrucksollwert und eine gesteuerte Entlüftungsverbindung (33) zum Vermeiden eines hohen Drucks im Rückkondensatorbehälter (15).
  3. Rückkondensatorsystem für verdunstetes Gas nach Anspruch 2, weiterhin umfassend zumindest ein Füllgasregelventil (16) für Füllgas und zumindest ein Regelventil (18) für den Druckablass.
  4. Rückkondensatorsystem für verdunstetes Gas nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, weiterhin umfassend einen Druckregelkreislauf (17) für Füllgas und einen Druckregelkreislauf (19) für den Druckablass.
  5. Rückkondensatorsystem für verdunstetes Gas nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, weiterhin umfassend ein Strömungsregeldrosselventil (2), welches durch den Flüssigerdgasströmungsregler (1) gesteuert wird, um Flüssigerdgas zum Füllkörperbett zu befördern.
EP10380045.4A 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator Active EP2372221B1 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES10380045.4T ES2541953T3 (es) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Recondensador de gas de ebullición
PT103800454T PT2372221E (pt) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Recondensador de gás evaporado
EP10380045.4A EP2372221B1 (de) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator
PL10380045T PL2372221T3 (pl) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Rekondenser odparowywanego gazu
DK10380045.4T DK2372221T3 (en) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Boil-off gas re-capacitor
HRP20150698TT HRP20150698T1 (hr) 2010-03-26 2015-06-30 Rekondenzator isparenog plina
CY20151100584T CY1116461T1 (el) 2010-03-26 2015-07-06 Επανασυμπυκνωτης απαεριων εξατμισης

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10380045.4A EP2372221B1 (de) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2372221A1 EP2372221A1 (de) 2011-10-05
EP2372221B1 true EP2372221B1 (de) 2015-04-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10380045.4A Active EP2372221B1 (de) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Boil-off-Gas-Rückkondensator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2372221B1 (de)
CY (1) CY1116461T1 (de)
DK (1) DK2372221T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2541953T3 (de)
HR (1) HRP20150698T1 (de)
PL (1) PL2372221T3 (de)
PT (1) PT2372221E (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013081979A1 (en) 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Fluor Technologies Corporation Lng boiloff gas recondensation configurations and methods
EP3434959A1 (de) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-30 Cryostar SAS Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lagerung von flüssiggas in einem behälter und zur entnahme von verdampftem gas aus einem behälter
FR3135774A1 (fr) * 2022-05-20 2023-11-24 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Dôme gaz et cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante comportant un tel dôme gaz

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837821A (en) * 1969-06-30 1974-09-24 Air Liquide Elevating natural gas with reduced calorific value to distribution pressure
US7484384B2 (en) * 2006-03-18 2009-02-03 Technip Usa Inc. Boil off gas condenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2372221A1 (de) 2011-10-05
ES2541953T3 (es) 2015-07-28
DK2372221T3 (en) 2015-07-13
PL2372221T3 (pl) 2016-01-29
HRP20150698T1 (hr) 2015-08-28
CY1116461T1 (el) 2017-03-15
PT2372221E (pt) 2015-08-26

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