EP2370603A1 - Procédé pour produire un élément de refroidissement pour un réacteur pyrométallurgique et élément de refroidissement - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire un élément de refroidissement pour un réacteur pyrométallurgique et élément de refroidissement

Info

Publication number
EP2370603A1
EP2370603A1 EP08879274A EP08879274A EP2370603A1 EP 2370603 A1 EP2370603 A1 EP 2370603A1 EP 08879274 A EP08879274 A EP 08879274A EP 08879274 A EP08879274 A EP 08879274A EP 2370603 A1 EP2370603 A1 EP 2370603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
attachment groove
cooling channel
cooling element
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08879274A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2370603A4 (fr
Inventor
Pasi Rinne
Tuomas Renfors
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Luvata Espoo Oy
Original Assignee
Luvata Espoo Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Luvata Espoo Oy filed Critical Luvata Espoo Oy
Publication of EP2370603A1 publication Critical patent/EP2370603A1/fr
Publication of EP2370603A4 publication Critical patent/EP2370603A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4646—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cooling elements of pyrometallurgical reactors such as blast furnaces and similar used for producing and refining metals or metal alloys.
  • the largest field of use of such reactors is manufacture of steel.
  • Pyrometallurgical reactors comprise a reactor vessel, usually made of steel, cooling elements arranged inside the reactor vessel and against its wall and a refractory layer forming the inside surface of the reactor.
  • the refractory layer is made of bricks or flowing refractory material that is spread on the surface of the cooling elements.
  • the cooling elements have crosswise grooves for attaching the bricks to the elements. When the cooling elements are attached to the reactor vessel, the grooves run horizontally as well as the brick layers.
  • the reactor vessel includes passages and means for introducing metal materials, fuel, air, oxygen or shield gases and additives to the reactor, all according to the process for which the reactor is used.
  • the refractory layer of reactors in pyrometallurgical processes is protected by water- cooled cooling elements so that, as a result of cooling, the heat coming to the refractory surface is transferred via the cooling element to water, whereby the wear of the lining is significantly reduced compared with a reactor which is not cooled. Reduced wear is caused by the effect of cooling, which brings about forming of so called autogenic lining, which fixes to the surface of a heat resistant lining. This lining is formed from slag and other substances precipitated from the molten phases.
  • cooling elements are manufactured in two ways: primarily, elements can be manufactured by sand casting, where cooling pipes made of a highly thermally conductive material such as copper are set in a sand-formed mould, and are cooled with air or water during the casting around the pipes.
  • the element cast around the pipes is also of highly thermally conductive material, preferably copper.
  • This kind of manufacturing method is described in e. g. GB patent no. 1386645.
  • One problem with this method is the uneven attachment of the piping acting as cooling channel to the cast material surrounding it. Because of this some of the pipes may be completely free of the element cast around it and part of the pipe may be completely melted and thus damaged. If no metallic bond is formed between the cooling pipe and the rest of the cast element around it, heat transfer will not be efficient.
  • the casting properties of the cast material can be improved, for example, by mixing phosphorus with the copper to improve the metallic bond formed between the piping and the cast material, but in that case, the heat transfer properties (thermal conductivity) of the copper are significantly weakened by even a small addition.
  • One advantage of this method worth mentioning is the comparatively low manufacturing cost and independence from dimensions.
  • Another method of manufacture is used, whereby glass tubing in the shape of a channel is set into the cooling element mould. The glass is broken after casting to form a channel inside the element.
  • a well-known method in the prior art has been to manufacture a cooling element for a pyrometallurgical reactor by casting a hollow profile as continuous casting i. e. slip casting through a die. Lengthwise holes can be made to the element by mandrels.
  • the element is manufactured of a highly thermally conductive metal such as copper.
  • the advantage of this method is a dense cast structure, good surface quality and the cast cooling channel gives good heat transfer from the element to the cooling medium, so that no effects impeding heat transfer occur, rather the heat coming from the reactor to the cooling element is transferred without any excess heat transfer resistance directly to the surface of the channel and onwards to the cooling water.
  • the cross-section of the cooling channel is generally round or oval and the mandrel has a smooth surface.
  • the heat transfer surface area of the element In order to improve the heat transfer capability of a cooling element it is however preferable to increase the heat transfer surface area of the element. This can be done by increasing the wall surface area of the flow channel without enlarging the diameter or adding length.
  • the wall surface area of the cooling element flow channel is increased by forming grooves in the channel wall during casting or by machining grooves or threads in the channel after casting so that the cross-section of the channel remains essentially round or oval.
  • This method is described in WO/2000/037870.
  • the purpose of this invention is to produce a new method for making cooling elements for pyrometallurgical reactors and new cooling element made according to the method.
  • the purpose of the invention is to create a cooling element that is more cost effective to produce.
  • purpose of one embodiment of the invention is to produce a cooling element that uses less space within a reactor that has a circular inner wall.
  • Purpose of one embodiment of the invention is to diminish machining required for producing the cooling element.
  • the invention is based in that the grooves for refractory tiles run parallel to cooling channels and the element has at least one continuous curvature that is greater in crosswise direction to the cooling channels than in the direction of the cooling channels.
  • the element is straight in direction of cooling channels.
  • cooling channels and grooves for tiles are both made by continuous casting process.
  • At least one of the cooling channels or grooves for tiles are made by machining.
  • cooling element and method for its manufacture according to the invention is characterized by what is presented in the independent claims.
  • One very clear benefit is the saving of material and machining time. Compared to conventional continuously cast element the savings in material can be about 20% and machining time is reduced to machining the through- holes for cooling liquid. Since the curved back surface of the element can be dimensioned to fit against the surface of the reactor vessel, the volume of the vessel is increased giving more manufacturing capacity. The length of the element is not limited by the manufacturing process, since cooling channels and tile grooves can be made by casting as long as desired, contrary to drilled channels. Since the elements are curved, the central part of the element is not stressed more than edge parts, which leads to more even wear of the element and longer lifetime.
  • Fig. 1 shows cooling elements according to prior art arranged in a reactor vessel.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cooling element according to the invention on the side facing the reactor space.
  • Figs 3 and 4 show a cooling element according to the invention on the side facing the wall of a reactor vessel.
  • Fig. 5 shows cooling elements according to the invention arranged in a reactor vessel.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic drawing of the continuous casting process for making a cooling element according to the invention.
  • the cooling elements 2 are placed inside wall 1 and the pipes 3 for cooling water run through the wall 1.
  • Typical dimensions of a reactor, for example a blast furnace are 12 m in diameter and tens of meters in height, as an example about 30m.
  • the length of cooling elements 3 in upward direction is typically 2 m and the width 1 m.
  • FIG. 2 - 4 show one embodiment of the invention.
  • the cooling element 2 comprises a body 4 made of thermally conductive material, such as copper, aluminum or steel or their alloys. Since the thermal conductivity of copper is superior to that of the aluminum or steel, it is the preferred material in highly demanding uses as in pyrotechnical reactors. On the other hand materials like titanium and its alloys may provide excellent properties in some uses but their high price limits the use.
  • In the body there are lengthwise cooling channels 5, having an oval cross section in this embodiment. Dimensioning and design of cooling channels is described in more detail in WO/2000/037870, which is included herein by reference.
  • the surface facing the interior of the reactor vessel the element 2 has grooves 6 for attaching refractory tiles.
  • the grooves 6 can have a form of a dovetail or any cross section that corresponds with the attaching elements of the tiles.
  • the important thing is that the grooves 6 run parallel to the cooling channels in order to make it possible to manufacture the element by continuous casting.
  • the curvature of the element should also be preferably straight in length direction of the grooves 6 so that the tiles can be slid easily on the grooves 6.
  • the surface of the element facing the wall of the reactor vessel is smooth and the curvature of this surface and the whole element in above defined direction is continuous, even and most preferably follows a curve of a circle having same diameter as the inside wall of the reactor vessel. Continuous and even curvature is considered to be defined by arc that has constant radius of curvature over a surface in question.
  • the curvature of the element in crosswise direction of the element, i.e. in perpendicular to cooling channels 5 is adapted to the curvature of the inner wall of the reactor vessel in which the elements are to be assembled.
  • the curvature in this direction is easy to manufacture by continuous casting and can therefore be adjusted to any reactor vessel according to the customer's specifications.
  • At the ends of the cooling channels 5 are pipes for feeding cooling liquid of other cooling fluid in to the element and removing the heated water.
  • the pipes are mounted on holes made on that surface of the element that is facing the wall of the reactor vessel.
  • the holes for the pipes can be made simply by drilling into the cooling liquid channel and the pies can be mounted by any suitable means such as welding or threading.
  • the ends of the cooling channels on the end surfaces of the cooling elements are usually closed so that the cooling water fed in one cooling channel circulates only in one cooling element and channel independently.
  • other arrangements can be used as needed, for example several cooling elements of channels can be joined in series if the temperature of the cooling liquid does not rise too much.
  • the end surfaces of the element are those on which the cooling channels terminate.
  • the side surfaces are the surfaces running parallel to the cooling cannels.
  • the side surfaces are angled to the surfaces facing the reactor wall and the inside of the reactor. The angle is determined so that it is directed along the radius r of the reactor vessel when the element is attached to the wall of the vessel.
  • the element should be preferably dimensioned so that surface facing the wall of the reactor vessel has such a curvature and the side walls such an angle in relation to each other that the element forms a part of a sector of a circle that has same radius as the inside wall of the reactor vessel. This feature is illustrated in fig. 5.
  • the end surfaces are usually straight and perpendicular to other surfaces.
  • the product is cast through a cooled die that forms the outer surface of the product. If holes or such are needed, they can be made using mandrels that are set within the cross section of the die. For example, in figure 1 the die 8 is formed so that it gives the outer form of the cooling element 2 and the mandrels 9 form the oval cooling channels.
  • the continuous casting process is well known in the art whereby it is not discussed herein in more detail.
  • the cooling element according to the invention can be made by machining.
  • the casting process gives already good flexibility in dimensioning and design of the product.
  • the positioning of the cooling channels can be optimized as desired as well as outer dimensions and design of the element.
  • Other casting methods may also be used. It is not necessary to form the element as whole curved, but the minimum is that the surface facing the inner wall of the reactor vessel is curved. However, keeping the surface facing the reactor space straight does not provide any benefits according to present knowledge.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

Élément de refroidissement (2) pour réacteurs pyrométallurgiques, et procédé de fabrication de l'élément, l'élément comprenant un corps (4) comportant au moins un canal de refroidissement (5) intérieur, la direction du canal de refroidissement déterminant le sens de la longueur de l'élément (2). Dans l'élément sont prévus au moins une rainure de fixation (6) sur une surface de l'élément (2) pour attacher des briques réfractaires à l'élément, et un passage (7) pour un fluide de refroidissement dans ledit au moins un canal de refroidissement (5). Au moins une rainure de fixation (6) s'étend parallèlement à au moins un canal de refroidissement (5), et au moins la surface opposée à la surface dans laquelle la rainure de fixation (6) est formée est incurvée de façon continue et uniforme dans la direction transversale aux canaux de refroidissement.
EP08879274.2A 2008-12-29 2008-12-29 Procédé pour produire un élément de refroidissement pour un réacteur pyrométallurgique et élément de refroidissement Withdrawn EP2370603A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI2008/050791 WO2010076368A1 (fr) 2008-12-29 2008-12-29 Procédé pour produire un élément de refroidissement pour un réacteur pyrométallurgique et élément de refroidissement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2370603A1 true EP2370603A1 (fr) 2011-10-05
EP2370603A4 EP2370603A4 (fr) 2017-05-17

Family

ID=42309869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08879274.2A Withdrawn EP2370603A4 (fr) 2008-12-29 2008-12-29 Procédé pour produire un élément de refroidissement pour un réacteur pyrométallurgique et élément de refroidissement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2370603A4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2487946C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010076368A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201104065B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102705847B (zh) * 2012-06-20 2015-07-15 汕头华兴冶金设备股份有限公司 电炉烟道
FI20146035A (fi) * 2014-11-25 2016-05-26 Outotec Finland Oy Menetelmä metallurgisen uunin rakentamiseksi, metallurginen uuni, ja pystysuuntainen jäähdytyselementti
CN104848692A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2015-08-19 锦州长城耐火材料有限公司 工业窑炉炉衬加固镶嵌结构
LU100107B1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2018-10-02 Wurth Paul Sa Cooling Panel for Metallurgical Furnace

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SU1290054A1 (ru) * 1985-04-16 1987-02-15 Киевский Политехнический Институт Им.50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции Охлаждающий элемент дл промышленных печей
CA2274861C (fr) * 1997-01-08 2005-04-12 Paul Wurth S.A. Procede pour produire une plaque de refroidissement pour des fours de production de fer et d'acier
DE19751356C2 (de) * 1997-11-20 2002-04-11 Sms Demag Ag Kühlelemente für Schachtöfen
LU90328B1 (de) * 1998-12-16 2003-06-26 Paul Wutrh S A Kuehlplatte fuer einen Ofen zur Eisen- oder Stahlerzeugung
FI112534B (fi) * 2000-03-21 2003-12-15 Outokumpu Oy Menetelmä jäähdytyselementin valmistamiseksi ja jäähdytyselementti
FI117768B (fi) * 2000-11-01 2007-02-15 Outokumpu Technology Oyj Jäähdytyselementti
DE10119034A1 (de) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-24 Sms Demag Ag Kühlelement zur Kühlung eines metallurgischen Ofens
DE10150491A1 (de) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-24 Km Europa Metal Ag Kühlplatte für einen Schachtofen
FI115251B (fi) * 2002-07-31 2005-03-31 Outokumpu Oy Jäähdytyselementti
EP1847622A1 (fr) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-24 Paul Wurth S.A. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un plaque de refroidissement pour des fours métallurgiques et plaque de refroidissement obtenu
FI121351B (fi) * 2006-09-27 2010-10-15 Outotec Oyj Menetelmä jäähdytyselementin pinnoittamiseksi

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2010076368A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA201104065B (en) 2012-02-29
WO2010076368A1 (fr) 2010-07-08
RU2487946C2 (ru) 2013-07-20
RU2011124544A (ru) 2013-02-10
EP2370603A4 (fr) 2017-05-17

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