Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
  • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
  • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
  • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
  • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
  • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
  • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the vaporization of a liquid by heat exchange with a second fluid by means of a heat exchanger of the vertical plate type. It applies in particular to air distillation plants.
• the liquid oxygen which is in the bottom of the low pressure column is vaporized by heat exchange with the nitrogen gas taken at the top of the medium pressure column.
• the temperature difference inks the oxygen and the nitrogen made necessary by the structure of the heat exchanger imposes the operating pressure of the medium pressure column so it is desirable that this difference in temperature is as small as possible, in order to minimize the expenses related to the compression of the air to be treated injected into the medium-pressure column.
• phase-change exchangers consist of aluminum exchangers with brazed plates and fins, which make it possible to obtain very compact members with a large exchange surface.
• These exchangers consist of plates between which are inserted waves or fins, thus forming a stack of "passages” vaporization and "passages” condensation.
• waves such as straight waves, perforated or “serrated” waves.
• each vaporizer is conventionally carried out according to the principle described in FR-A-2547898: the supply of vaporization passages is by the top of the condensation passages. The oxygen then passes through a row of holes that ensure its primary distribution in the vaporization passages. It then flows through a horizontal generator waveband which provides a so-called secondary distribution (distribution of the liquid between channels).
• the liquid oxygen that is vaporized contains impurities in dissolved form.
• the main impurities are nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon (CO 2 ), hydrocarbons (C 2 , C 3 , ).
• these impurities can be deposited in the vaporization passages (either in solid form or in liquid form). It is important to control industrially the formation of these solid or liquid deposits to avoid any risk of explosion.
• One of the important parameters for the formation of deposits is the flow of liquid per channel (or expressed per meter of perimeter to be wet). Indeed, when the liquid flow per channel is insufficient to wet the wall, there is formation of dry spray deposits.
• FIG. 1A a part of the exchanger according to the prior art seen from above.
• the bar 7 has a U-shaped profile, consisting of two layers, including the outside has a rectangular section while the inside has a sinusoidal edge.
• Figure 1 B we see the same part of the exchanger seen from the front.
• the wave with horizontal generatrix 1 is located between two plates 35 defining a heat exchanger passage which is closed by a bar 7.
• the clearances 31 between the waves and the bars are also indicated in FIG.
• the bar is preferably composed of two layers but the inner layer has cutouts 33 or flattened according to the shape of the bar 7 where the U-shaped profile is removed, which allows the waves 1, 3 of s 'embed in the bar 7.
• a heat exchanger for vaporizing a liquid by heat exchange with a second fluid comprising a parallelepiped body formed of an assembly of parallel vertical plates defining between them a multitude of flat passages and side bars closing the outlets, means for sending the liquid in a first set of passages and the second fluid in the remaining passages, a packing for dispensing the liquid at the upper end of the passages of said first set, on any the horizontal length of these, by a fine distribution over the entire length of these passages, characterized in that at least one of the side bars has, towards the inside of the exchanger, a curved profile on most of its length and a flat profile over part of its length and in that an edge of the lining contacts the part of its length where the profile is flat.
• the lining is embedded in at least one of the lateral bars;
• the lining consists of at least two waves having a substantially identical shape and dimension of undulation and with horizontal generatrices and possibly with a partial vertical shift, the at least two contacting waves, preferably so that the edges of the undulations join perfectly, without leaving play between the waves; - the two waves interpenetrate;
• the two waves have at least one cut and in that the cutouts of the two waves marry each other and possibly each wave has an L-shaped cutout, so that for a wave, an upper part of the wave has a width I less wide than the rest of the wave which has a width L and for the other wave, a portion less than width I and is narrower than the remainder of the wave which has a width L, where the sum of I and L is equal to the total width of passages or b) the cutout in each wave has a zigzag shape.
• at least two waves, preferably at least three waves, are superimposed, each wave having a width greater than half the total width of the passages and less than the total width of the passages, so that the waves overlap;
• the waves are attached together by staples, locking keys and / or springs;
• the waves are embedded and / or fit together.
• a distillation air separation plant of the type comprising a first distillation column operating under a relatively high pressure, a second distillation column operating under a relatively low pressure, and a heat exchanger making it possible to put the bottom liquid of the second column in heat exchange relation with the overhead gas of the first column, characterized in that the heat exchanger as defined above and in that the installation comprises supply means for supplying the tank liquid to the exchanger and gas supply means for the passages of the exchanger.
• Air separation systems of this type correspond for the known part to a so-called double-column separation apparatus, well known from classic works such as Kerry's "Tieftemperaturtechnik” or “Industrial Gas Handbook”.
• the proposed solution aims to eliminate or greatly reduce existing free space in the area of the "serrated" wave at the horizontal generator ("hardway") currently used. For this, it is proposed to remove the profile of the sidebar on the height of the partial wave wave ("serrated") to horizontal generator (“hardway”) (see Figure 7). In addition, care must be taken to ensure that the junctions between the generator serrated wave mats ("serrated") horizontal (“hardway”) are put end to end failing to use a single wave band across the width of the passage.
• the first model is equipped with two classic sidebars (with curved profile) and the second is equipped with two sidebars whose empty spaces have been filled with aluminum to obtain a flat profile.
• the liquid nitrogen flow rate is approximately 0.7 l / h / channel, which is slightly less than the flow rates conventionally used.
• FIG. 3A shows a portion of the exchanger according to the invention seen from above, all the Figures from Figure 3B, except Figure 12B, show a cut of an exchanger according to the invention seen from the front and Figure 12B represents a lining of the exchanger according to the invention seen from the side.
• an exchanger is composed of an assembly of parallel vertical plates separated by bars 5.7 which clog the passages.
• the plates define between them a multitude of flat passages.
• a lining is placed at the top of the passages, constituted by a first and a second wave 1, 3, each wave being a non-perforated aluminum sheet with horizontal generatrices
• each horizontal or pseudo-horizontal facet of the waves 1, 3 is provided with a punctured (not illustrated) offset upward of a quarter of a wave pitch.
• the width of the punctures, measured along the a generatrix of the wave, is of the same order as the distance separating each of them from the two adjacent flat on the same facet.
• the liquid oxygen passes through holes placed above the packing, at a rate defined by the passage section of the latter and by the height of the liquid which surmounts it.
• the holes thus ensure a rough predistribution of the liquid oxygen along the passages, and the liquid oxygen thus pre-distributed on the waves 1, 3, which ensures a fine distribution over the entire length of each passage.
• Liquid oxygen thus approaches lower waves with vertical generatrix 9 by dripping in a perfectly uniform manner on all the walls of the passages which are assigned to it, that is to say by forming on these walls a continuous descending film.
• the nitrogen gas reaches the exchanger through distribution waves, then flows down along other passages.
• the two waves 1, 3 should have the same configuration in terms of shapes and dimensions and be deposited so that their edges contact each other perfectly to prevent liquid leakage.
• the bars 7 are formed with cutouts so that the wave 1 enters an opening in the bar on the left and the wave 3 enters an opening in the bar on the right. For this it is necessary that the total length of the packing formed by the waves is greater than the distance between the two inner edges of the bars.
• the waves with horizontal generatrix ("hardway") 1, 3 are in abutment against each other, but as a clearance is required at each side bar 7 to allow adjustment between tolerances of the waves and tolerances of the bars, it there is a risk that the waves will move during soldering.
• the waves can be attached to one another by blocking keys of the pieces 11 attached to the upper bar 5.
• FIG. 7 shows the stapling of the waves between them by a staple 13.
• the two waves are cut in the zigzag thickness, so that the two cuts marry perfectly and there is no play between the waves.
• FIG. 5 Three superimposed waves 1, 3 and 17 are seen whose waves 3 and 17 contact one edge of the exchanger and the wave 1 contacts the other.
• Each wave consists of two undulations and has the same width, equal to a value between half and the total of the total width of the passages. In this way, the waves overlap forming a central portion having a thickness of six corrugations.
• the waves 1, 3 can be locked together by shims 21 placed between the bars 5 and each wave, as can be seen in FIG. 6.
• FIGs 12A and 12B show details of Figure 7 where it is seen that the clips 13 are embedded in the partial shift wave cuts.
• FIG 13 shows waves 1, 3 attached by springs 23 which are embedded in several cuts of each partial shift wave.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2008
  • 2008-11-24 FR FR0857951A patent/FR2938904B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-11-24 PL PL09795504T patent/PL2368084T3/pl unknown
  • 2009-11-24 WO PCT/FR2009/052269 patent/WO2010058142A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2009-11-24 EP EP09795504.1A patent/EP2368084B1/de active Active
  • 2009-11-24 JP JP2011536938A patent/JP2012516425A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-11-24 CN CN200980146908.0A patent/CN102334002B/zh active Active
  • 2009-11-24 US US13/130,375 patent/US9086244B2/en active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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