EP2365405B1 - Dial at least partially enamelled with raised pattern - Google Patents

Dial at least partially enamelled with raised pattern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2365405B1
EP2365405B1 EP11155314.5A EP11155314A EP2365405B1 EP 2365405 B1 EP2365405 B1 EP 2365405B1 EP 11155314 A EP11155314 A EP 11155314A EP 2365405 B1 EP2365405 B1 EP 2365405B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dial
nail
enamel
parts
visible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11155314.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2365405A1 (en
Inventor
Pierry Vuille
Frédéric Jeanrenaud
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Priority to EP11155314.5A priority Critical patent/EP2365405B1/en
Publication of EP2365405A1 publication Critical patent/EP2365405A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/065—Dials with several parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/14—Fastening the dials to the clock or watch plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49888—Subsequently coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fully enamelled or at least partially enamelled dial and, more particularly, to such a dial whose visible surface comprises reliefs, that is to say a dial having several levels that can be enamelled.
  • the dial 3 thus comprises a main plane P constituting the widest visible face.
  • the dial 3 may include, reported (s), an hour turn 2 and / or a secondary display 4 formed (s) by at least one index and / or at least one alphanumeric symbol.
  • the dial 3 may also include a secondary display 5 whose visible surface is mounted in a plane P +1 above the plane P to form a raised area. Conversely, the dial 3 may also include a secondary display 6 whose visible surface is mounted in a plane P -1 below the plane P to form a recessed area.
  • the dial 3 may also include a window 7, that is to say an opening of the dial 3 to show part of the movement 8 mounted under dial 3, like a moon phase in the example of the figure 1 .
  • the dial 3 also comprises holes to allow the passage of a member of the movement 8 through the dial 3, such as for example axes for mounting the needles of the timepiece 1.
  • an enamelled dial 3 which has a secondary display 6 which is mounted on a plane P -1 below the plane P to form a recessed area 9.
  • the zone 9 is intended to receive, for example, the graduations and the hand of the display via the hole 10.
  • the dial 3 is formed by a base 13 having feet 14 and on which is attached a first enamelled and pierced plate 15 whose visible surface forms the plane P.
  • the dial 3 also comprises a second enamelled plate 17 which is mounted in the bore of the first plate 15 forming a gap 16 and whose visible face forms a lower plane P -1 recessed.
  • the document EP 1 640 822 discloses such a configuration.
  • This configuration advantageously makes it possible to obtain a dial 3 completely enamelled because only the enamelled plates 15 and 17 are visible.
  • this configuration requires a very high accuracy of the dimensions of the plates 15 and 17 to make acceptable visual rendering of the gap 16.
  • the outer wall of the plate 17 must be perfectly and regularly adapted to the wall of the bore made of the plate 15 otherwise open spaces may appear continuously or in places which makes visually unacceptable the integration of the dial 3 in a timepiece 1.
  • the embodiment of the figure 2 induces a scrap rate too high and manufacturing accuracy that only further increase the cost of manufacturing enamelled dials which are already structurally very high.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a method of manufacturing a dial at least partially embossed relief whose rate of rejection induced by said gap is substantially zero and which allows the realization of a clearly improved dial.
  • the invention relates to an at least partially enamelled dial whose visible surface comprises zones in relief, said dial comprising a first part formed by a first substrate comprising at least one light and at least a second part formed by a second substrate characterized in that at least one of the parts comprises a substrate coated with enamel forming part of said visible surface of the dial and in that said at least one second piece is secured against the first piece in full recovery of the periphery said at least one light without protruding into the latter to form a raised relief dial.
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece characterized in that it comprises a dial according to one of the preceding variants.
  • a first object of the invention is to significantly improve the rendering of enamelled dials. This is made possible by the total removal of gap 16 above in favor of fully overlapping areas.
  • the dial comprises a first part formed by a first substrate comprising at least one light and at least a second part formed by a second substrate, one of the substrates being enameled, said at least one second part comprising a main projection face which is larger than the section of said at least one light so as to be mounted in full overlap of the periphery of said at least one light without protruding therein. Therefore, we understand that we go from a gap to an interface between the two parts. We immediately deduce the advantage in the clear rendering of the interface but also at the level of manufacture in which the parts do not have to be as precise. In addition, it is deduced that the pieces are used to each form a portion of said visible surface of the dial.
  • the substrate is formed from ceramic, however, other materials are possible such as, for example, a silicon-based metalloid, a metal or a metal alloy.
  • the other substrate (s) may also be coated and / or coated differently, for example with mother of pearl keeping the same improved rendering benefit for the dial.
  • the Figures 3, 4 and 6 have variants of the same type as the recessed areas 6 shown above, that is to say the areas which form a plane P -x below the main plane P of the dial 23, 43, 83.
  • the figures 5 and 7 present variants of the same type as the raised zones presented above, that is to say the areas which form a plane P + x above the main plane P of the dial 63, 103.
  • elevated and recessed areas may also be present on the same dial.
  • a dial 23 can be seen for a timepiece which comprises a base 21 whose lower face includes feet 22 intended to mount the dial 23 in the timepiece and an opening 20 intended to communicate with the movement below. of the dial 23 to form a window and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.
  • the upper face of the first piece 25 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface.
  • a second piece 27, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap around said at least one light below the first piece 25 without the second piece 27 protrudes into the light.
  • the base 21 comprises a counterbore intended to receive the second piece 27 and of depth substantially corresponding to the thickness of the second piece 27.
  • the visible face of the dial 23 is therefore entirely enamelled, in relief, with an opening 20 making it possible to communicate with the movement and whose interface 26 between the pieces 25 and 27 has a significantly improved rendering while greatly relaxing the machining tolerances. and positioning the different parts.
  • the second piece 27 may alternatively be of the same size as the first piece 25 as illustrated in dashed line. figure 3 .
  • a dial 43 for a timepiece that has a base 41 whose lower face has feet 42 for mounting the dial 43 in the timepiece.
  • the dial 43 also has an opening 40 intended to communicate with the movement below the dial 43 to form a wicket and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.
  • a first piece 45 for example, enamelled ceramic, which comprises at least one light, is mounted on the base 41.
  • the upper face of the first piece 45 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface.
  • a second piece 47 for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in full overlap around said at least one light below the first piece 45 without the second piece 47 protrudes in the light and without however, preferably, cooperate with the base 41.
  • the visible face of the dial 43 is fully enamelled, in relief, with an opening 40 to communicate with the movement and whose interface 46 between the parts 45 and 47 has a significantly improved performance.
  • the second piece 47 may alternatively be of the same size as the first piece 45 as illustrated in dotted line at the figure 4 .
  • the base 41 would then be attached only to the second piece 47 and no longer to the first piece 45.
  • a dial 63 for a timepiece that has a base 61 whose lower face has feet 62 for mounting the dial 63 in the timepiece.
  • the dial 63 also has openings 60, 60 'intended to communicate with the movement below the dial 63 to form a window and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.
  • a first piece 65 for example, enamelled ceramic, which comprises at least one light, is mounted on lamé areas of the base 61.
  • the upper face of the first piece 65 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, it is ie the largest visible surface.
  • a second piece 64 for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in full overlap around said at least one light above the first piece 65 and, in example illustrated in figure 5 of the unamelled portion of the base 61 without the second piece 67 protruding into the light.
  • the visible face of the dial 63 is therefore fully enamelled, in relief, with openings 60, 60 'for communicating with the movement and whose interface 66 between the parts 65 and 64 has a significantly improved rendering.
  • the parts 24-25-27, 44-45-47-47 'and 64-65 can be joined together with an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer adhesive. These parts can also be secured to their base 21, 41, 61 also using an identical or different adhesive material.
  • a dial 83 for a timepiece which comprises a first piece 85-90, for example, enamelled ceramic which comprises at least one light.
  • the upper face of the first piece 85-90 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface.
  • a second piece 87-91, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap of the periphery of said at least one light below the first piece 85-91. 90 without the second piece 87-91 projecting into the light.
  • the first piece 85-90 is secured against the second piece 87-91 via the enamel layer 91 of the latter which is, preferably, an enamel of the type little fire.
  • the enamel layer 90 of the first part 85-90 is then of the large fire type. Therefore, using this variant, it is understood that the use of an adhesive material is no longer necessary.
  • the use of the terms small fire and large fire must not restrict the enamels used to make the dial.
  • the enamels are both considered to be of the small fire type provided that the difference in solidification temperature allows, when the lower temperature is solidified, not to influence the structure of the higher temperature. This situation is generally accepted when the temperature difference is at least greater than 100 ° C. However, depending on the enamels used, this difference may be lower or higher. To simplify the explanations below, the terms small and large are used to distinguish this difference from solidification temperatures.
  • a dial 103 can be seen for a timepiece which comprises a first piece 105-110, for example, enamelled ceramic which comprises at least one light.
  • the upper face of the first piece 105-110 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface.
  • a second piece 104-113 for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap of the periphery of said at least one light above the first piece 105-110 without the second piece 104-113 projecting into the light.
  • the visible face of the dial 103 is therefore entirely enamelled in relief and the interface 106 between the pieces 105-110 and 104-113 also has a significantly improved rendering and comprises at least one opening 100 in order to communicate with the movement.
  • the parties represented are not on the same scale.
  • the first piece 105-110 is secured against the second piece 104-113 via the enamel layer 110 of this first which is, preferably, a small fire type enamel.
  • the enamel layer 113 of the second part 104-113 is then of the high-fire type, that is to say the solidification temperature of which is at least greater than 100 ° C. relative to that of the layer. enamel 110 of solidarity. Therefore, using this other variant, it is understood that the use of an adhesive material is not necessary either.
  • a base comprising feet can also be reported in order to mount the dial 103 in the timepiece.
  • small fire layers 92, 112 forming zones of type 2 and / or 4 of the figure 1 .
  • These layers may form slopes and / or shoulders and / or color differences with respect to the respective layer 90, 113 that they cover in order to make them stand out better and / or to offer a particular visual effect. It is obvious that these layers of the type 92, 112 are perfectly applicable to the enamelled pieces 24, 25, 27, 44, 45, 47, 47 ', 64 and / or 65 in order to obtain the same advantages.
  • a base 21, 41, 61 is not necessarily necessary to mount dial feet.
  • alternative feet for a dial are presented.
  • the feet are formed by the end of the rod 82, 82 ', 82 "of a nail 80, 80', 80" which is mounted projecting from below its dial.
  • the nails 80, 80 ', 80 may be, for example, made of metal, a metal alloy or ceramic.
  • the head 81, 81 ', 81 "of the nail 80, 80', 80" is thus imprisoned between two parts ( Figures 8 and 9 ), is mounted on the visible surface of the dial ( figure 10 ).
  • the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 whose rod 82 is mounted in a hole of the ceramic plate 87.
  • the head 81 of the nail 80 has a thickness substantially equivalent to the enamel layer 91 and is placed on the upper face of the plate 87.
  • the head 81 is trapped between the upper face of the plate 87 and the lower face of the ceramic plate 85 in the thickness of the enamel layer 91.
  • the portion of the rod 82 projecting from the underside of the the plate 87 thus advantageously makes it possible to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a customary manner, with the movement to become attached to it, for example, by means of a dial key or a lock.
  • the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 'whose rod 82' is mounted in a hole of the ceramic plate 87.
  • the head 81 'of the nail 80' has a thickness less than the plate 85 and is placed on the upper face of the enamel layer 91. It is understood, thanks to the figure 9 , that the head 81 'is trapped between the upper face of the layer 91 and the thickness of the plate 85 by means of a counterbore.
  • the portion of the rod 82 'projecting from the lower face of the plate 87 thus advantageously allows to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a usual manner, with the movement as for the first alternative.
  • the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 "whose rod 82" is mounted in a hole formed in the entire thickness of the dial 83, that is to say consecutively the enamel layer 90, the plate 85, the enamel layer 91 and the plate 87. From moreover, the head 81 "of the nail 80" is placed on the upper face of the enamel layer 90.
  • the head 81 "forms a visible part of the dial 83 and can therefore be used to form a decoration such as that of the type of the zones 2 and / or 4 shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the portion of the rod 82 "projecting from the underside of the plate 87 thus advantageously allows to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a usual manner, with the movement as for the first and second alternatives.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a method whose scrap rate and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced.
  • the manufacturing method 119 of one of the dials 23, 43, 63, 83 and 103 according to the invention will now be explained using the Figures 11 to 18 .
  • Process 119 comprises four main steps 120, 122, 124 and 126 as illustrated in single lines at figure 18 .
  • the first step 120 consists of forming a first part, preferably enamelled.
  • each enameled part forming step consists, in a first phase 121 to be provided with a preferably ceramic plate, then, in a second phase 123, to enamel the plate with a chosen enamel for, in a third and final phase 125, to solidify said selected enamel by heating, for example by passing through an oven.
  • a second step 122 the process 119 continues by forming at least one light passing through said first piece.
  • the third step 124 consists in forming at least one second part, preferably enamelled according to the three phases 121, 123, 125 described above.
  • the fourth step 126 consists of securing the second piece to the first piece in total coverage of the periphery of said at least one light without the second piece protruding into the light to form the final enamelled dial.
  • the securing step 126 may be performed by gluing using an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer glue.
  • the method 119 can, as illustrated in FIG. figure 18 in triple lines, comprise a final step 130 for securing at least one foot against the face opposite to the visible face of the dial.
  • step 130 can also be performed by gluing with an adhesive material identical to or different from that used in step 126.
  • step 130 may also consist of a final step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole through the entire dial and then introducing each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting to form a foot for the dial and whose head of said nail is mounted on the visible surface of said dial in order to realize the alternative of the figure 10 .
  • Step 128 consists in mounting at least one fixing nail between steps 124 and 126.
  • step 128 then comprises the drilling phases, for each nail, of a hole in one of the parts and a phase of introduction of each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the parts so that, during the step 126 of the fastening, the head of the nail is imprisoned between said parts making it possible to realize the alternatives of the Figures 8 and 9 .
  • the step of joining the pieces 126 together can be achieved by the use of enamels whose solidification temperatures are differentiated instead of a bonding.
  • the Figures 11 to 17 are proposed with the references used for the figure 6 . It is well obvious that this variant of the method 119 is not limited to the manufacture of the example of the figure 6 . These Figures 11 to 17 on the contrary, to provide the education necessary for the realization, in particular, of the five examples illustrated Figures 3 to 7 .
  • the method 119 then comprises a first step 120 of forming a first piece 85-90 enamelled.
  • the forming step consists, in a first phase 121, of obtaining a plate preferably of ceramic 85, as visible in FIG. figure 11 then, in a second phase 123, to enamel the plate 85 with a large fire enamel 90 to, in a third and last phase 125, solidify said enamel fire by heating as visible in the figure 12 .
  • the method 119 continues by forming at least one light passing through said first part 85-90.
  • the method 119 continues with third and fourth steps 124 and 126 which are interleaved, i.e. performed at the same time.
  • the method 119 is continued by a phase 127 intended to be provided with a second plate 87, preferably ceramic, and then, in a step 129, to enamel the second plate 87 with the aid of a small-fire enamel 91.
  • the phase 129 may, for example, be performed by pad printing or screen printing if complete recovery of the plate 87 is not desired.
  • the variant of the method 119 is continued by the phase 131 consisting of stacking the second piece 87-91 under the first piece 85-90 in full overlap around said at least one light without the second piece 87-91 protrudes into the light then, through the phase 133 of solidifying the small fire enamel 91 by heating to secure said parts together without additional adhesive material is necessary. According to the variant of process 119, thus obtaining a final enamelled dial 83 as visible in section at the figure 15 .
  • the variant of the method 119 may also comprise a final step 130 for securing at least one foot against the face opposite to the visible face of the dial 83.
  • the step 130 may be performed by gluing with an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer adhesive.
  • step 130 may also consist of a final step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole through the entire dial 83 and then introducing each nail. in its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting so as to form a foot for the dial 83 and whose head of said nail is mounted on the visible surface 90 of said dial in order to realize the alternative of the figure 10 .
  • Step 128 consists in mounting at least one fixing nail between the phases 131 and 133 in a similar manner to that between the steps 124 and 126 explained above.
  • Step 128 then comprises the drilling phases, for each nail, of a hole in one of the pieces 87-91 and then of introducing each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the pieces 87-91 so that, during the step 133 of fastening, the head of the nail is trapped between said parts 87-91, 85-90 making it possible to carry out the alternatives of Figures 8 and 9 .
  • Figures 16 and 17 show, advantageously, that the production of the layers 92, 112 is easily integrable in the variant of the method 119 explained above.
  • the phase 127 the method 119 is adapted by realizing the phase 129, as visible in the figure 16 , enameling the second plate 87 with a small fire enamel 91 but also the first plate 85 with a second small fire enamel 92.
  • the phase 129 may, for example, be performed by pad printing or screen printing if a complete covering is not desired as is the case for at least the enamel layer 92.
  • the method 119 continues with the step 131 of stacking the second piece 87-91 under the first piece 85-90-92 in total overlap around said at least one light without the second piece 87-91 protrudes into the light then, by the phase 133, consisting in solidifying the small fire enamels 91, 92 by heating at the same time or separately according to their difference of solidification temperature in order to join said pieces together, to make the decoration 92 and thus to form the final enamelled dial 83 as visible in section at figure 17 .
  • the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the dial can be simplified or include more enamelled pieces to a greater or lesser height with enamel colors more or less diversified.
  • one of the two pieces may not be enamelled ceramic but formed of another material such as a brushed metal or glass and / or whose coating differs for example by being pearlescent.
  • the manufacturing by joining together with enamel limits the possible variants with another material such as a brushed metal or glass and / or whose coating differs in being for example nacreous. Indeed, in this case, the enamelled piece will always be the one that supports the other, that is to say the piece 87-91 in the example of the figure 6 and 105-110 in the example of the figure 7 .

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Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un cadran totalement émaillé ou au moins partiellement émaillé et, plus particulièrement, à un tel cadran dont la surface visible comporte des reliefs, c'est-à-dire un cadran comportant plusieurs niveaux qui peuvent être émaillés.The invention relates to a fully enamelled or at least partially enamelled dial and, more particularly, to such a dial whose visible surface comprises reliefs, that is to say a dial having several levels that can be enamelled.

Arrière plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Il est connu pour former des cadrans de pièces d'horlogerie de déposer une couche d'émail au niveau de leur surface visible afin de nettement améliorer leur qualité d'aspect.It is known to form watches of timepieces to deposit a layer of enamel at their visible surface to significantly improve their appearance quality.

A la figure 1, on peut voir un exemple de pièce d'horlogerie 1 dont le cadran 3 comporte la plupart des écueils de fabrication que l'on peut rencontrer. Le cadran 3 comporte ainsi un plan principal P constituant la face visible la plus étendue.To the figure 1 , we can see an example of a timepiece 1 whose dial 3 has most of the pitfalls that can be encountered. The dial 3 thus comprises a main plane P constituting the widest visible face.

Comme visible à la figure 1, par-dessus le plan P, le cadran 3 peut comporter, rapporté(s), un tour d'heure 2 et/ou un affichage secondaire 4 formé(s) par au moins un index et/ou au moins un symbole alphanumérique.As visible at figure 1 over the plane P, the dial 3 may include, reported (s), an hour turn 2 and / or a secondary display 4 formed (s) by at least one index and / or at least one alphanumeric symbol.

Le cadran 3 peut également comporter un affichage secondaire 5 dont la surface visible est montée selon un plan P+1 au-dessus du plan P afin de former une zone surélevée. A l'inverse, le cadran 3 peut également comporter un affichage secondaire 6 dont la surface visible est montée selon un plan P-1 au-dessous du plan P afin de former une zone en creux. Le cadran 3 peut également comporter un guichet 7, c'est-à-dire une ouverture du cadran 3 permettant de montrer une partie du mouvement 8 montée sous le cadran 3, comme une phase de lune dans l'exemple de la figure 1.The dial 3 may also include a secondary display 5 whose visible surface is mounted in a plane P +1 above the plane P to form a raised area. Conversely, the dial 3 may also include a secondary display 6 whose visible surface is mounted in a plane P -1 below the plane P to form a recessed area. The dial 3 may also include a window 7, that is to say an opening of the dial 3 to show part of the movement 8 mounted under dial 3, like a moon phase in the example of the figure 1 .

Enfin, le cadran 3 comprend également des trous pour permettre le passage d'un organe du mouvement 8 au travers du cadran 3, comme par exemple des axes pour le montage des aiguilles de la pièce d'horlogerie 1.Finally, the dial 3 also comprises holes to allow the passage of a member of the movement 8 through the dial 3, such as for example axes for mounting the needles of the timepiece 1.

Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 2, on a représenté partiellement un mode de réalisation connu d'un cadran 3 émaillé qui comporte un affichage secondaire 6 qui est monté sur un plan P-1 au-dessous du plan P afin de former une zone 9 en creux. La zone 9 est destinée à recevoir, par exemple, les graduations et l'aiguille de l'afficheur via le trou 10.In the example shown in figure 2 , there is shown partially a known embodiment of an enamelled dial 3 which has a secondary display 6 which is mounted on a plane P -1 below the plane P to form a recessed area 9. The zone 9 is intended to receive, for example, the graduations and the hand of the display via the hole 10.

A cette figure 2, on voit que le cadran 3 est formé par une base 13 comportant des pieds 14 et sur laquelle est rapportée une première plaque 15 émaillée et percée dont la surface visible forme le plan P. Le cadran 3 comporte également une deuxième plaque 17 émaillée qui est montée dans le perçage de la première plaque 15 en formant un interstice 16 et dont la face visible forme un plan inférieur P-1 en creux. Le document EP 1 640 822 divulgue une telle configuration.At this figure 2 , it can be seen that the dial 3 is formed by a base 13 having feet 14 and on which is attached a first enamelled and pierced plate 15 whose visible surface forms the plane P. The dial 3 also comprises a second enamelled plate 17 which is mounted in the bore of the first plate 15 forming a gap 16 and whose visible face forms a lower plane P -1 recessed. The document EP 1 640 822 discloses such a configuration.

Cette configuration permet avantageusement d'obtenir un cadran 3 totalement émaillé car seules les plaques émaillées 15 et 17 sont visibles. Cependant, cette configuration nécessite une très grande précision de cotes des plaques 15 et 17 afin de rendre acceptable le rendu visuel de l'interstice 16. En effet, la paroi extérieure de la plaque 17 doit être parfaitement et régulièrement adaptée à la paroi du perçage réalisé de la plaque 15 sinon des béances peuvent apparaître en continu ou par endroit ce qui rend visuellement inacceptable l'intégration du cadran 3 dans une pièce d'horlogerie 1.This configuration advantageously makes it possible to obtain a dial 3 completely enamelled because only the enamelled plates 15 and 17 are visible. However, this configuration requires a very high accuracy of the dimensions of the plates 15 and 17 to make acceptable visual rendering of the gap 16. In fact, the outer wall of the plate 17 must be perfectly and regularly adapted to the wall of the bore made of the plate 15 otherwise open spaces may appear continuously or in places which makes visually unacceptable the integration of the dial 3 in a timepiece 1.

Par conséquent, le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 induit un taux de rebut trop élevé et une précision de fabrication qui ne font qu'augmenter encore le coût de fabrication des cadrans émaillés qui sont structurellement déjà très élevés.Therefore, the embodiment of the figure 2 induces a scrap rate too high and manufacturing accuracy that only further increase the cost of manufacturing enamelled dials which are already structurally very high.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un procédé de fabrication d'un cadran au moins partiellement émaillé en relief dont le taux de rebut induit par ledit interstice est sensiblement nul et qui permet la réalisation d'un cadran au rendu nettement amélioré.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a method of manufacturing a dial at least partially embossed relief whose rate of rejection induced by said gap is substantially zero and which allows the realization of a clearly improved dial.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un cadran au moins partiellement émaillé dont la surface visible comporte des zones en relief, ledit cadran comportant une première pièce formée par un premier substrat comportant au moins une lumière et au moins une deuxième pièce formée par un deuxième substrat caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des pièces comporte un substrat revêtu d'émail formant une partie de ladite surface visible du cadran et en ce que ladite au moins une deuxième pièce est solidarisée contre la première pièce en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans saillir dans cette dernière afin de former un cadran en relief au rendu amélioré.For this purpose, the invention relates to an at least partially enamelled dial whose visible surface comprises zones in relief, said dial comprising a first part formed by a first substrate comprising at least one light and at least a second part formed by a second substrate characterized in that at least one of the parts comprises a substrate coated with enamel forming part of said visible surface of the dial and in that said at least one second piece is secured against the first piece in full recovery of the periphery said at least one light without protruding into the latter to form a raised relief dial.

Par conséquent, on comprend qu'on passe d'un interstice à une interface entre les deux pièces. On en déduit immédiatement l'avantage au niveau du rendu très net de l'interface.Therefore, we understand that we go from a gap to an interface between the two parts. We immediately deduce the advantage at the level of very clear rendering of the interface.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :

  • ladite au moins une deuxième pièce est solidarisée par-dessus la face visible de ladite première pièce afin de former une zone surélevée par rapport au reste de la surface visible du cadran ;
  • ladite au moins une deuxième pièce est solidarisée sur la face opposée à la face visible de ladite première pièce pour former un fond sous ladite au moins une lumière et ainsi former une zone en creux par rapport au reste de la surface visible du cadran ;
  • le cadran comporte une troisième pièce comprenant un substrat qui est solidarisé à l'une des deux premières pièces pour former un niveau supplémentaire au cadran ;
  • la première pièce et ladite au moins une deuxième pièce ont des dimensions sensiblement identiques ;
  • au moins une des pièces comporte un substrat revêtu de nacre ;
  • les pièces sont solidarisées entre elles par un matériau adhésif ou par une couche d'émail ;
  • la pièce formant la partie supérieure du cadran comporte un substrat revêtu d'un deuxième émail dont la température de solidification est au moins supérieure à 100°C par rapport à celle de la couche d'émail de solidarisation ;
  • le deuxième émail de la pièce formant la partie supérieure du cadran est partiellement recouvert par un troisième émail dont la température de solidification est au moins inférieure à 100°C par rapport à celle du deuxième émail afin de former des décors par-dessus le deuxième émail ;
  • le cadran comporte une base comportant au moins un pied est solidarisée sur la face opposée à la face visible du cadran ;
  • le cadran comporte au moins un clou de fixation traversant partiellement le cadran dont l'extrémité de la tige est utilisée comme pied pour le cadran et dont la tête est solidarisée entre deux desdites pièces ;
  • le cadran comporte au moins un clou de fixation traversant totalement le cadran dont l'extrémité de la tige est utilisée comme pied pour le cadran et dont la tête repose sur la surface visible dudit cadran en formant un décor visible.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
  • said at least one second piece is secured over the visible face of said first piece to form an elevated area relative to the remainder of the visible surface of the dial;
  • said at least one second piece is secured to the face opposite to the visible face of said first piece to form a bottom in said at least one light and thus form a recessed area relative to the remainder of the visible surface of the dial;
  • the dial comprises a third piece comprising a substrate which is secured to one of the first two pieces to form an additional level to the dial;
  • the first piece and said at least one second piece have substantially identical dimensions;
  • at least one of the parts comprises a substrate coated with mother-of-pearl;
  • the pieces are joined together by an adhesive material or an enamel layer;
  • the part forming the upper part of the dial comprises a substrate coated with a second enamel whose solidification temperature is at least greater than 100 ° C relative to that of the enamelling layer;
  • the second enamel of the piece forming the upper part of the dial is partially covered by a third enamel whose solidification temperature is at least less than 100 ° C relative to that of the second enamel to form decorations over the second enamel ;
  • the dial comprises a base comprising at least one foot is secured on the face opposite to the visible face of the dial;
  • the dial comprises at least one fixing nail partially crossing the dial whose end of the rod is used as a foot for the dial and whose head is secured between two of said parts;
  • the dial comprises at least one fastening nail completely traversing the dial whose end of the rod is used as a foot for the dial and whose head rests on the visible surface of said dial forming a visible decoration.

L'invention se rapporte également à une pièce d'horlogerie caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un cadran conforme à l'une des variantes précédentes.The invention also relates to a timepiece characterized in that it comprises a dial according to one of the preceding variants.

Enfin, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un cadran au moins partiellement émaillé dont la surface visible comporte des zones en relief, ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) former une première pièce ;
  2. b) former au moins une lumière dans la première pièce ;
  3. c) former une deuxième pièce ;
caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des pièces est émaillée et en ce que le procédé comporte en outre l'étape suivante :
  1. d) solidariser la deuxième pièce contre la première pièce en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans saillir dans cette dernière afin de former le cadran final.
Finally, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an at least partially enamelled dial whose visible surface comprises raised zones, said method comprising the following steps:
  1. a) forming a first piece;
  2. b) forming at least one lumen in the first piece;
  3. c) forming a second room;
characterized in that at least one of the pieces is enamelled and in that the method further comprises the following step:
  1. d) securing the second piece against the first piece in total recovery of the periphery of said at least one light without projecting therein to form the final dial.

Par conséquent, on en déduit immédiatement l'avantage au niveau du rendu très net de l'interface mais également au niveau de la fabrication dans laquelle les pièces n'ont plus à être aussi précises en relaxant grandement les tolérances d'usinage et de positionnement des différentes parties.Therefore, the advantage is immediately apparent in the clear rendering of the interface but also in the manufacturing in which the parts do not have to be as precise by greatly relaxing the machining and positioning tolerances. different parts.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :

  • entre les étapes c) et d), le procédé comporte une étape de montage d'au moins un clou comportant les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, un trou dans une des pièces et d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie afin de former un pied pour le cadran et dont la tête dudit clou est posée contre ladite une des pièces afin que, lors de l'étape d) de solidarisation, la tête du clou soit emprisonnée entre lesdites pièces ;
  • l'étape d) de solidarisation est réalisée par collage ;
  • l'étape a) comporte la phase e) :se munir d'une première plaque et les étapes c) et d) sont effectuées en même temps et comportent les phases h) : se munir d'une deuxième pièce, i) : émailler la deuxième pièce, j) : empiler la deuxième pièce contre la première pièce en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans saillir dans cette dernière et k) : solidifier l'émail par échauffement afin de solidariser lesdites pièces entre elles et ainsi former le cadran final ;
  • l'étape a) comporte, après la phase e), les phases f) : émailler la première plaque à l'aide d'un deuxième émail dont la température de solidification est au moins supérieure à 100°C par rapport à celle de la couche d'émail de solidarisation et g) : solidifier le deuxième émail par échauffement ;
  • lors de la phase i), le deuxième émail est émaillé au moins partiellement avec un troisième émail dont la température de solidification est au moins inférieure à 100°C par rapport à celle du deuxième émail afin de former, lors de la phase k) de solidification, un décor par-dessus le deuxième émail ;
  • entre les phases i) et j), le procédé comporte une étape de montage d'au moins un clou comportant les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, un trou dans une des pièces et d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie afin de former un pied pour le cadran et dont la tête dudit clou est posée contre ladite une des pièces afin que, lors de l'étape k) de solidarisation, la tête du clou soit emprisonnée entre lesdites pièces ;
  • le procédé comporte une étape finale de montage d'au moins un clou comportant les phases suivantes de perçage, pour chaque clou, un trou au travers de la totalité du cadran et d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie afin de former un pied pour le cadran et dont la tête dudit clou est montée sur la surface visible dudit cadran afin de former un décor visible ;
  • le procédé comporte une étape finale de solidarisation d'au moins un pied contre la face opposée à la face visible du cadran.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
  • between steps c) and d), the method comprises a step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole in one of the pieces and introduction of each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail projecting to form a foot for the dial and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the parts so that, during the step d) of fastening, the head of the nail is imprisoned between the said rooms;
  • step d) of securing is carried out by gluing;
  • step a) comprises phase e): providing a first plate and steps c) and d) are performed at the same time and comprise the phases h): providing a second part, i): enamelling the second piece, j): stack the second piece against the first piece in total recovery of the periphery of said at least one light without protrude in the latter and k): solidify the enamel by heating to secure said parts together and thus form the final dial;
  • step a) comprises, after phase e), the phases f): enamel the first plate with a second enamel whose solidification temperature is at least greater than 100 ° C compared to that of the layer of enamel bonding and g): solidify the second glaze by heating;
  • during phase i), the second enamel is enamelled at least partially with a third enamel whose solidification temperature is at least less than 100 ° C relative to that of the second enamel to form, during phase k) of solidification, a decoration over the second enamel;
  • between the phases i) and j), the method comprises a step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole in one of the pieces and introduction of each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting to form a foot for the dial and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the pieces so that, during the step k) of fastening, the head of the nail is imprisoned between the said rooms;
  • the method comprises a final step of mounting at least one nail comprising the following phases of drilling, for each nail, a hole through the entire dial and introduction of each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail projecting to form a foot for the dial and whose head of said nail is mounted on the visible surface of said dial to form a visible decoration;
  • the method comprises a final step of securing at least one foot against the face opposite to the visible face of the dial.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation, vue de face, d'une pièce d'horlogerie ;
  • la figure 2 est une représentation d'une section d'un cadran selon un mode de réalisation connu ;
  • les figures 3 à 7 sont des sections de variantes de cadran selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 8 à 10 sont des représentations d'alternatives de pieds pour un cadran selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 11 à 15 sont des représentations d'étapes du procédé de fabrication selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 16 à 17 sont des représentations d'une variante du procédé de fabrication selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 18 est un schéma fonctionnel du procédé de fabrication selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a representation, front view, of a timepiece;
  • the figure 2 is a representation of a section of a dial according to a known embodiment;
  • the Figures 3 to 7 are sections of dial variants according to the invention;
  • the Figures 8 to 10 are alternate foot representations for a dial according to the invention;
  • the Figures 11 to 15 are representations of steps of the manufacturing process according to the invention;
  • the Figures 16 to 17 are representations of a variant of the manufacturing method according to the invention;
  • the figure 18 is a block diagram of the manufacturing process according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Dans les exemples illustrés aux figures 3 à 7, on peut voir des exemples de cadrans 23, 43, 63, 83 et 103 selon l'invention. Bien évidemment, ces exemples ne sont pas limitatifs et d'autres peuvent être envisagés à la lumière des explications ci-dessous. Un premier but de l'invention est d'améliorer nettement le rendu des cadrans émaillés. Cela est rendu possible par l'enlèvement total de l'interstice 16 ci-dessus au profit de zones totalement en recouvrement.In the examples illustrated in Figures 3 to 7 examples of dials 23, 43, 63, 83 and 103 according to the invention can be seen. Of course, these examples are not limiting and others may be considered in light of the explanations below. A first object of the invention is to significantly improve the rendering of enamelled dials. This is made possible by the total removal of gap 16 above in favor of fully overlapping areas.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le cadran comporte une première pièce formée par un premier substrat comportant au moins une lumière et au moins une deuxième pièce formée par un deuxième substrat, l'un des substrats étant émaillé, ladite au moins une deuxième pièce comportant une face principale en projection qui est plus grande que la section de ladite au moins une lumière afin d'être montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans saillir dans cette dernière. Par conséquent, on comprend qu'on passe d'un interstice à une interface entre les deux pièces. On en déduit immédiatement l'avantage au niveau du rendu très net de l'interface mais également au niveau de la fabrication dans laquelle les pièces n'ont plus à être aussi précises. De plus, on en déduit que les pièces sont utilisées pour former chacune une partie de ladite surface visible du cadran.Thus, according to the invention, the dial comprises a first part formed by a first substrate comprising at least one light and at least a second part formed by a second substrate, one of the substrates being enameled, said at least one second part comprising a main projection face which is larger than the section of said at least one light so as to be mounted in full overlap of the periphery of said at least one light without protruding therein. Therefore, we understand that we go from a gap to an interface between the two parts. We immediately deduce the advantage in the clear rendering of the interface but also at the level of manufacture in which the parts do not have to be as precise. In addition, it is deduced that the pieces are used to each form a portion of said visible surface of the dial.

Préférentiellement, le substrat est formé à partir de céramique, cependant, d'autres matériaux sont envisageables comme, par exemple, un métalloïde à base silicium, un métal ou un alliage métallique. De même, si au moins l'un des substrats est revêtu d'émail, le (ou les) autre(s) substrat(s) peut (peuvent) l'être également et/ou revêtu(s) différemment comme par exemple avec du nacre en gardant le même avantage de rendu amélioré pour le cadran.Preferably, the substrate is formed from ceramic, however, other materials are possible such as, for example, a silicon-based metalloid, a metal or a metal alloy. Similarly, if at least one of the substrates is coated with enamel, the other substrate (s) may also be coated and / or coated differently, for example with mother of pearl keeping the same improved rendering benefit for the dial.

Les figures 3, 4 et 6 présentent des variantes du même type que les zones 6 en creux présentées ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire des zones qui forment un plan P-x au-dessous du plan principal P du cadran 23, 43, 83. Les figures 5 et 7 présentent des variantes du même type que les zones 5 surélevées présentées ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire des zones qui forment un plan P+x au-dessus du plan principal P du cadran 63, 103. Bien entendu, comme cela sera expliqué ci-dessous, des zones surélevées et en creux peuvent également être présentes sur un même cadran.The Figures 3, 4 and 6 have variants of the same type as the recessed areas 6 shown above, that is to say the areas which form a plane P -x below the main plane P of the dial 23, 43, 83. The figures 5 and 7 present variants of the same type as the raised zones presented above, that is to say the areas which form a plane P + x above the main plane P of the dial 63, 103. Of course, as this will be explained below, elevated and recessed areas may also be present on the same dial.

Dans un premier exemple illustré à la figure 3, on peut voir un cadran 23 pour une pièce d'horlogerie qui comporte une base 21 dont la face inférieure comporte des pieds 22 destinés à monter le cadran 23 dans la pièce d'horlogerie et une ouverture 20 destinée à communiquer avec le mouvement en dessous du cadran 23 pour former un guichet et/ou un trou pour le passage d'un organe du mouvement.In a first example illustrated in figure 3 a dial 23 can be seen for a timepiece which comprises a base 21 whose lower face includes feet 22 intended to mount the dial 23 in the timepiece and an opening 20 intended to communicate with the movement below. of the dial 23 to form a window and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.

Une première pièce 25, par exemple, en céramique émaillée, qui comprend au moins une lumière, est montée sur la base 21. La face supérieure de la première pièce 25 forme ainsi le plan principal P du cadran, c'est-à-dire la surface visible la plus étendue. Afin de former une zone 29 en creux à un niveau P-1, une deuxième pièce 27, par exemple, en céramique émaillée est montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière au-dessous de la première pièce 25 sans que la deuxième pièce 27 saillisse dans la lumière. Afin de fabriquer plus facilement le cadran 23, la base 21 comporte un lamage destiné à recevoir la deuxième pièce 27 et de profondeur sensiblement correspondante à l'épaisseur de la deuxième pièce 27.A first piece 25, for example enamelled ceramic, which comprises at least one light, is mounted on the base 21. The upper face of the first piece 25 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface. In order to form a recessed area 29 at a level P -1 , a second piece 27, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap around said at least one light below the first piece 25 without the second piece 27 protrudes into the light. In order to more easily manufacture the dial 23, the base 21 comprises a counterbore intended to receive the second piece 27 and of depth substantially corresponding to the thickness of the second piece 27.

La face visible du cadran 23 est donc entièrement émaillée, en relief, avec une ouverture 20 permettant de communiquer avec le mouvement et dont l'interface 26 entre les pièces 25 et 27 possède un rendu nettement amélioré tout en relaxant grandement les tolérances d'usinage et de positionnement des différentes parties.The visible face of the dial 23 is therefore entirely enamelled, in relief, with an opening 20 making it possible to communicate with the movement and whose interface 26 between the pieces 25 and 27 has a significantly improved rendering while greatly relaxing the machining tolerances. and positioning the different parts.

Il est bien entendu possible d'ajouter au moins un niveau de relief au cadran 23, par exemple P+1 ou P-2, en gardant les mêmes qualités de rendu. Comme visible en traits interrompus à la figure 3, il est ainsi possible de monter en recouvrement de la première pièce 25, par exemple, une troisième pièce 24 afin de former une zone 28 surélevée, c'est-à-dire une zone qui forment un plan P+1 au-dessus du plan principal P.It is of course possible to add at least one level of relief to the dial 23, for example P +1 or P -2 , keeping the same qualities of rendering. As visible in broken lines at the figure 3 it is thus possible to overlap the first piece 25, for example, a third piece 24 to form a raised area 28, i.e. a zone which forms a plane P +1 over the Main plan P.

Enfin, comme l'important est le recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière par la deuxième pièce 27, cette dernière peut alternativement être de même dimension que la première pièce 25 comme illustré en pointillé à la figure 3.Finally, since the important thing is the total coverage of the periphery of the at least one light by the second piece 27, the latter may alternatively be of the same size as the first piece 25 as illustrated in dashed line. figure 3 .

Dans un deuxième exemple illustré à la figure 4, on peut voir un cadran 43 pour une pièce d'horlogerie qui comporte une base 41 dont la face inférieure comporte des pieds 42 destinés à monter le cadran 43 dans la pièce d'horlogerie. Le cadran 43 comporte également une ouverture 40 destinée à communiquer avec le mouvement en dessous du cadran 43 pour former un guichet et/ou un trou pour le passage d'un organe du mouvement.In a second example illustrated at figure 4 , we can see a dial 43 for a timepiece that has a base 41 whose lower face has feet 42 for mounting the dial 43 in the timepiece. The dial 43 also has an opening 40 intended to communicate with the movement below the dial 43 to form a wicket and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.

Une première pièce 45, par exemple, en céramique émaillée, qui comprend au moins une lumière, est montée sur la base 41. La face supérieure de la première pièce 45 forme ainsi le plan principal P du cadran, c'est-à-dire la surface visible la plus étendue. Afin de former une zone 49 en creux à un niveau P-1, une deuxième pièce 47, par exemple, en céramique émaillée est montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière au-dessous de la première pièce 45 sans que la deuxième pièce 47 saillisse dans la lumière et sans toutefois, de manière préférée, coopérer avec la base 41.A first piece 45, for example, enamelled ceramic, which comprises at least one light, is mounted on the base 41. The upper face of the first piece 45 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface. In order to form a recessed zone 49 at a level P -1 , a second piece 47, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in full overlap around said at least one light below the first piece 45 without the second piece 47 protrudes in the light and without however, preferably, cooperate with the base 41.

La face visible du cadran 43 est donc entièrement émaillée, en relief, avec une ouverture 40 permettant de communiquer avec le mouvement et dont l'interface 46 entre les pièces 45 et 47 possède un rendu nettement amélioré.The visible face of the dial 43 is fully enamelled, in relief, with an opening 40 to communicate with the movement and whose interface 46 between the parts 45 and 47 has a significantly improved performance.

Il est bien entendu possible d'ajouter au moins un niveau de relief au cadran 43, par exemple P+1 ou P-2, en gardant les mêmes qualités de rendu. Comme visible en traits interrompus à la figure 4, il est ainsi possible de monter en recouvrement de la première pièce 45, par exemple, une troisième pièce 44 afin de former une zone 48 surélevée, c'est-à-dire une zone qui forme un plan P+1 au-dessus du plan principal P. Il est également parfaitement possible de monter en recouvrement de la deuxième pièce 47, par exemple, une quatrième pièce 47' afin de former une zone 49' en creux, c'est-à-dire une zone qui forment un plan P-2 au-dessous du plan P-1.It is of course possible to add at least one level of relief to the dial 43, for example P +1 or P -2 , keeping the same qualities of rendering. As visible in broken lines at the figure 4 it is thus possible to overlap the first piece 45, for example, a third piece 44 to form a raised area 48, i.e. an area which forms a plane P +1 over the main plane P. It is also perfectly possible to overlap the second piece 47, for example, a fourth piece 47 'to form a hollow area 49', that is to say a zone which form a plane P -2 below the plane P -1 .

Enfin, de manière analogue au premier exemple, la deuxième pièce 47 peut alternativement être de même dimension que la première pièce 45 comme illustré en pointillé à la figure 4. Dans ce cas, la base 41 serait alors uniquement attachée à la deuxième pièce 47 et non plus à la première pièce 45.Finally, in a similar manner to the first example, the second piece 47 may alternatively be of the same size as the first piece 45 as illustrated in dotted line at the figure 4 . In this case, the base 41 would then be attached only to the second piece 47 and no longer to the first piece 45.

Dans un troisième exemple illustré à la figure 5, on peut voir un cadran 63 pour une pièce d'horlogerie qui comporte une base 61 dont la face inférieure comporte des pieds 62 destinés à monter le cadran 63 dans la pièce d'horlogerie. Le cadran 63 comporte également des ouvertures 60, 60' destinées à communiquer avec le mouvement en dessous du cadran 63 pour former un guichet et/ou un trou pour le passage d'un organe du mouvement.In a third example shown in figure 5 , we can see a dial 63 for a timepiece that has a base 61 whose lower face has feet 62 for mounting the dial 63 in the timepiece. The dial 63 also has openings 60, 60 'intended to communicate with the movement below the dial 63 to form a window and / or a hole for the passage of an organ of the movement.

Une première pièce 65, par exemple, en céramique émaillée, qui comprend au moins une lumière, est montée sur des zones lamées de la base 61. La face supérieure de la première pièce 65 forme ainsi le plan principal P du cadran, c'est-à-dire la surface visible la plus étendue. Afin de former une zone 68 surélevée à un niveau P+1, une deuxième pièce 64, par exemple, en céramique émaillée est montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière au-dessus de la première pièce 65 et, dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 5, de la partie non lamée de la base 61 sans que la deuxième pièce 67 saillisse dans la lumière.A first piece 65, for example, enamelled ceramic, which comprises at least one light, is mounted on lamé areas of the base 61. The upper face of the first piece 65 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, it is ie the largest visible surface. In order to form a raised area 68 at a level P +1, a second piece 64, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in full overlap around said at least one light above the first piece 65 and, in example illustrated in figure 5 of the unamelled portion of the base 61 without the second piece 67 protruding into the light.

La face visible du cadran 63 est donc entièrement émaillée, en relief, avec des ouvertures 60, 60' permettant de communiquer avec le mouvement et dont l'interface 66 entre les pièces 65 et 64 possède un rendu nettement amélioré.The visible face of the dial 63 is therefore fully enamelled, in relief, with openings 60, 60 'for communicating with the movement and whose interface 66 between the parts 65 and 64 has a significantly improved rendering.

De manière analogue aux premier et deuxième exemples, il est bien entendu possible d'ajouter au moins un niveau de relief au cadran 63, par exemple P+2 ou P-1, en gardant les mêmes qualités de rendu ou même que la première pièce 65 s'étende sensiblement sur toute la surface du cadran 63 à part les ouvertures 60, 60'.In a similar manner to the first and second examples, it is of course possible to add at least one level of relief to the dial 63, for example P +2 or P -1 , keeping the same quality of rendering or even that the first piece 65 extends substantially over the entire surface of the dial 63 apart from the openings 60, 60 '.

Selon l'invention, les pièces 24-25-27, 44-45-47-47' et 64-65 peuvent être solidarisées entre elles à l'aide d'un matériau adhésif comme, par exemple, une colle polymère. Ces pièces peuvent également être solidarisées à leur base 21, 41, 61 également à l'aide d'un matériau adhésif identique ou différent.According to the invention, the parts 24-25-27, 44-45-47-47 'and 64-65 can be joined together with an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer adhesive. These parts can also be secured to their base 21, 41, 61 also using an identical or different adhesive material.

Il est également envisageable de solidariser les pièces entre elles en utilisant, à dessein, les différences de température nécessaires pour émailler les pièces. A cet effet, il est parfaitement possible d'utiliser en association deux types d'émail qui comportent des températures de solidification par échauffement différentes, c'est-à-dire, préférentiellement, d'au moins 100°C. Pour y arriver, on peut, par exemple, utiliser des émaux petit feu et grand feu qui comportent des températures de solidification différentes, pour solidariser les deux pièces entre elles. A titre d'exemple, l'émail petit feu peut par exemple solidifier vers 600°C et l'émail grand feu autour de 1000°C. Cette différence de températures très supérieure à 100°C est choisie afin que, lors de l'échauffement de l'émail petit feu, la structure de l'émail grand feu ne soit pas ou peu influencée. Afin de mieux expliquer cette variante de l'invention, deux autres exemples sont présentés aux figures 6 et 7.It is also conceivable to join the pieces together by using, intentionally, the differences in temperature necessary to enamel parts. For this purpose, it is perfectly possible to use in combination two types of enamel that have different solidification temperatures by heating, that is to say, preferably, at least 100 ° C. To achieve this, it is possible, for example, to use small and large fire enamels that have different solidification temperatures, to secure the two parts together. For example, the small fire enamel can for example solidify around 600 ° C and enamel fire around 1000 ° C. This difference in temperature much higher than 100 ° C is chosen so that, during the heating of the small fire enamel, the structure of the large-fire enamel is not or only slightly influenced. In order to better explain this variant of the invention, two other examples are presented to Figures 6 and 7 .

Dans un quatrième exemple illustré à la figure 6, on peut voir un cadran 83 pour une pièce d'horlogerie qui comporte une première pièce 85-90, par exemple, en céramique émaillée qui comprend au moins une lumière. La face supérieure de la première pièce 85-90 forme ainsi le plan principal P du cadran, c'est-à-dire la surface visible la plus étendue. Afin de former une zone 89 en creux à un niveau P-1, une deuxième pièce 87-91, par exemple, en céramique émaillée est montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière au-dessous de la première pièce 85-90 sans que la deuxième pièce 87-91 saillisse dans la lumière.In a fourth example illustrated in figure 6 , there can be seen a dial 83 for a timepiece which comprises a first piece 85-90, for example, enamelled ceramic which comprises at least one light. The upper face of the first piece 85-90 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface. In order to form a recessed zone 89 at a level P -1 , a second piece 87-91, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap of the periphery of said at least one light below the first piece 85-91. 90 without the second piece 87-91 projecting into the light.

La face visible du cadran 83 est donc entièrement émaillée en relief et l'interface 86 entre les pièces 85-90 et 87-91 possède également un rendu nettement amélioré. Afin de faciliter l'explication, dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 6, les parties représentées ne sont pas à la même échelle.The visible face of the dial 83 is therefore fully enamelled in relief and the interface 86 between the parts 85-90 and 87-91 also has a significantly improved rendering. In order to facilitate the explanation, in the example illustrated in figure 6 the parties represented are not on the same scale.

A la figure 6, on peut donc voir que la première pièce 85-90 est solidarisée contre la deuxième pièce 87-91 par l'intermédiaire de la couche d'émail 91 de cette dernière qui est, préférentiellement, en un émail du type petit feu. De manière préférée, la couche d'émail 90 de la première pièce 85-90 est alors du type grand feu. Par conséquent, à l'aide de cette variante, on comprend que l'usage d'un matériau adhésif n'est plus nécessaire.To the figure 6 it can thus be seen that the first piece 85-90 is secured against the second piece 87-91 via the enamel layer 91 of the latter which is, preferably, an enamel of the type little fire. Preferably, the enamel layer 90 of the first part 85-90 is then of the large fire type. Therefore, using this variant, it is understood that the use of an adhesive material is no longer necessary.

Bien évidemment, l'utilisation des termes petit feu et grand feu ne doit pas restreindre les émaux utilisables pour fabriquer le cadran. Ainsi, il est parfaitement possible que les émaux soient considérés tous les deux comme du type petit feu pour peu que la différence de température de solidification permette, quand celui de température inférieure est solidifié, de ne pas influencer la structure de celui de température supérieure. Cette situation est généralement admise lorsque la différence de température est au moins supérieure à 100°C. Cependant, suivant les émaux utilisés cette différence peut être inférieure ou supérieure. Pour simplifier les explications ci-dessous, les termes petit feu et grand feu sont utilisés pour distinguer cette différence des températures de solidification.Of course, the use of the terms small fire and large fire must not restrict the enamels used to make the dial. Thus, it is perfectly possible that the enamels are both considered to be of the small fire type provided that the difference in solidification temperature allows, when the lower temperature is solidified, not to influence the structure of the higher temperature. This situation is generally accepted when the temperature difference is at least greater than 100 ° C. However, depending on the enamels used, this difference may be lower or higher. To simplify the explanations below, the terms small and large are used to distinguish this difference from solidification temperatures.

Selon un autre avantage de cette variante, il est également aisé de former un affichage du même type que les zones 2 et/ou 4 présentées à la figure 1, c'est-à-dire des zones rapportées par rapport au plan P formant ainsi des zones 88 surélevées à un niveau P+1 en dehors de chaque zone 89 en creux. Cela est rendu possible par le recouvrement partiel d'un deuxième émail 92 du type petit feu par-dessus l'émail grand feu 90 de la première pièce 85-90 c'est-à-dire dont la température de solidification est au moins inférieure à 100°C par rapport à celle de la couche 90. Les opérations de cuisson des couches d'émail 91 et 92 peuvent être réalisées séparément, mais aussi simultanément si les températures de solidification des deux émaux 91 et 92 sont compatibles.According to another advantage of this variant, it is also easy to form a display of the same type as the zones 2 and / or 4 shown in FIG. figure 1 , that is to say zones reported relative to the plane P thus forming raised areas 88 at a level P + 1 outside each zone 89 recessed. This is made possible by the partial overlap of a second enamel 92 of the small fire type over the large fire enamel 90 of the first piece 85-90 that is to say, whose solidification temperature is at least lower at 100 ° C relative to that of the layer 90. The cooking operations of the enamel layers 91 and 92 can be carried out separately, but also simultaneously if the solidification temperatures of the two enamels 91 and 92 are compatible.

Il reste bien entendu toujours possible d'ajouter au moins un niveau de relief au cadran 83, par exemple P+2 ou P-2, en gardant les mêmes qualités de rendu, tout comme il peut comporter au moins une ouverture afin de communiquer avec le mouvement. De plus, comme l'important est le recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière par la deuxième pièce 87-91, cette dernière peut alternativement être de même dimension, ou non, que la première pièce 85-90. Enfin, comme pour les trois premiers exemples, une base comportant des pieds peut également être rapportée afin de monter le cadran 83 dans la pièce d'horlogerie.It is of course still possible to add at least one level of relief to the dial 83, for example P +2 or P -2 , keeping the same quality of rendering, just as it can include at least one opening to communicate with movement. Moreover, as the important thing is the total recovery of the periphery of the said at least one light by the second piece 87-91, the latter may alternatively be of the same size, or not, as the first piece 85-90. Finally, as for the first three examples, a base with feet can also be reported to mount the dial 83 in the timepiece.

Dans un cinquième exemple illustré à la figure 7, on peut voir un cadran 103 pour une pièce d'horlogerie qui comporte une première pièce 105-110, par exemple, en céramique émaillée qui comprend au moins une lumière. La face supérieure de la première pièce 105-110 forme ainsi le plan principal P du cadran, c'est-à-dire la surface visible la plus étendue. Afin de former une zone 108 surélevée à un niveau P+1, une deuxième pièce 104-113, par exemple, en céramique émaillée est montée en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière au-dessus de la première pièce 105-110 sans que la deuxième pièce 104-113 saillisse dans la lumière.In a fifth example illustrated in figure 7 a dial 103 can be seen for a timepiece which comprises a first piece 105-110, for example, enamelled ceramic which comprises at least one light. The upper face of the first piece 105-110 thus forms the main plane P of the dial, that is to say the widest visible surface. In order to form an elevated zone 108 at a level P +1 , a second piece 104-113, for example, enamelled ceramic is mounted in total overlap of the periphery of said at least one light above the first piece 105-110 without the second piece 104-113 projecting into the light.

La face visible du cadran 103 est donc entièrement émaillée en relief et l'interface 106 entre les pièces 105-110 et 104-113 possède également un rendu nettement amélioré et comporte au moins une ouverture 100 afin de communiquer avec le mouvement. Afin de faciliter l'explication, dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 7, les parties représentées ne sont pas à la même échelle.The visible face of the dial 103 is therefore entirely enamelled in relief and the interface 106 between the pieces 105-110 and 104-113 also has a significantly improved rendering and comprises at least one opening 100 in order to communicate with the movement. In order to facilitate the explanation, in the example illustrated in figure 7 the parties represented are not on the same scale.

A la figure 7, on peut donc voir que la première pièce 105-110 est solidarisée contre la deuxième pièce 104-113 par l'intermédiaire de la couche d'émail 110 de cette première qui est, préférentiellement, en un émail du type petit feu. De manière préférée, la couche d'émail 113 de la deuxième pièce 104-113 est alors du type grand feu c'est-à-dire dont la température de solidification est au moins supérieure à 100°C par rapport à celle de la couche d'émail 110 de solidarisation. Par conséquent, à l'aide de cette autre variante, on comprend que l'usage d'un matériau adhésif n'est pas non plus nécessaire.To the figure 7 it can thus be seen that the first piece 105-110 is secured against the second piece 104-113 via the enamel layer 110 of this first which is, preferably, a small fire type enamel. Preferably, the enamel layer 113 of the second part 104-113 is then of the high-fire type, that is to say the solidification temperature of which is at least greater than 100 ° C. relative to that of the layer. enamel 110 of solidarity. Therefore, using this other variant, it is understood that the use of an adhesive material is not necessary either.

Selon un autre avantage de cette variante, il est également possible de former un affichage du même type que les zones 2 et/ou 4 présentées à la figure 1, c'est-à-dire des zones rapportées par rapport au plan P+1 formant ainsi des zones 108' surélevées à un niveau P+2. Cela est rendu possible par le recouvrement partiel d'un deuxième émail 112 du type petit feu par-dessus l'émail grand feu 113 de la deuxième pièce 104-113 c'est-à-dire dont la température de solidification est au moins inférieure à 100°C par rapport à celle de la couche 113.According to another advantage of this variant, it is also possible to form a display of the same type as the zones 2 and / or 4 shown in FIG. the figure 1 , that is to say zones reported with respect to the plane P +1 thus forming zones 108 'raised to a level P +2 . This is made possible by the partial overlap of a second enamel 112 of the small fire type over the large fire enamel 113 of the second piece 104-113 that is to say whose solidification temperature is at least lower at 100 ° C relative to that of the layer 113.

Il reste bien entendu toujours possible d'ajouter au moins un niveau de relief au cadran 103, par exemple P+3 ou P-1, en gardant les mêmes qualités de rendu. Enfin, comme pour les quatre premiers exemples, une base comportant des pieds peut également être rapportée afin de monter le cadran 103 dans la pièce d'horlogerie.It remains of course still possible to add at least one level of relief to the dial 103, for example P +3 or P -1 , keeping the same qualities of rendering. Finally, as for the first four examples, a base comprising feet can also be reported in order to mount the dial 103 in the timepiece.

Dans les quatrième et cinquième exemples, sont présentées des couches petit feu 92, 112 formant des zones du type 2 et/ou 4 de la figure 1. Ces couches peuvent former des pentes et/ou des épaulements et/ou des différences de couleur par rapport à la couche respectivement 90, 113 qu'elles recouvrent afin de les faire mieux ressortir et/ou offrir un effet visuel particulier. Il est bien évident que ces couches du type 92, 112 sont parfaitement applicables aux pièces émaillées 24, 25, 27, 44, 45, 47, 47', 64 et/ou 65 dans le but d'obtenir les mêmes avantages.In the fourth and fifth examples, small fire layers 92, 112 forming zones of type 2 and / or 4 of the figure 1 . These layers may form slopes and / or shoulders and / or color differences with respect to the respective layer 90, 113 that they cover in order to make them stand out better and / or to offer a particular visual effect. It is obvious that these layers of the type 92, 112 are perfectly applicable to the enamelled pieces 24, 25, 27, 44, 45, 47, 47 ', 64 and / or 65 in order to obtain the same advantages.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, une base 21, 41, 61 n'est pas forcément nécessaire pour monter des pieds de cadran. Ainsi, dans les figures 8 à 10, des alternatives de pieds pour un cadran sont présentées. Selon l'invention, les pieds sont formés par l'extrémité de la tige 82, 82', 82" d'un clou 80, 80', 80" qui est montée en saillie du dessous de son cadran. Comme pour les bases 21, 41, 61, les clous 80, 80', 80" peuvent être, par exemple, réalisés en métal, en un alliage de métal ou en céramique.Advantageously according to the invention, a base 21, 41, 61 is not necessarily necessary to mount dial feet. Thus, in the Figures 8 to 10 , alternative feet for a dial are presented. According to the invention, the feet are formed by the end of the rod 82, 82 ', 82 "of a nail 80, 80', 80" which is mounted projecting from below its dial. As for the bases 21, 41, 61, the nails 80, 80 ', 80 "may be, for example, made of metal, a metal alloy or ceramic.

Selon les trois alternatives, applicables aussi bien aux cadrans solidarisés par un matériau adhésif que par une couche d'émail, la tête 81, 81', 81" du clou 80, 80', 80" est ainsi, soit emprisonnée entre deux pièces (figures 8 et 9), soit montée sur la surface visible du cadran (figure 10).According to the three alternatives, applicable both to the dials secured by an adhesive material that by a layer of enamel, the head 81, 81 ', 81 "of the nail 80, 80', 80" is thus imprisoned between two parts ( Figures 8 and 9 ), is mounted on the visible surface of the dial ( figure 10 ).

A titre d'exemple, les références de la figure 6 ont été reprises pour l'explication des figures 8 à 10. Cependant, la couche de solidarisation 91 d'émail de la figure 6 peut également être, alternativement, une couche de matériau adhésif comme précisé ci-dessus.For example, the references of the figure 6 have been taken up for the explanation of Figures 8 to 10 . However, the enamel bonding layer 91 of the figure 6 alternatively, a layer of adhesive material may be alternatively as specified above.

Dans une première alternative présentée à la figure 8, le cadran 83 comporte un clou 80 dont la tige 82 est montée dans un trou de la plaque en céramique 87. De plus, la tête 81 du clou 80 comporte une épaisseur sensiblement équivalente à la couche d'émail 91 et est posée sur la face supérieure de la plaque 87.In a first alternative presented to the figure 8 , the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 whose rod 82 is mounted in a hole of the ceramic plate 87. In addition, the head 81 of the nail 80 has a thickness substantially equivalent to the enamel layer 91 and is placed on the upper face of the plate 87.

On comprend, grâce à la figure 8, que la tête 81 est emprisonnée entre la face supérieure de la plaque 87 et la face inférieure de la plaque en céramique 85 dans l'épaisseur de la couche d'émail 91. La partie de la tige 82 en saillie de la face inférieure de la plaque 87 autorise donc avantageusement à servir de pied pour le cadran 83 en coopérant, de manière usuelle, avec le mouvement pour s'y solidariser, par exemple, à l'aide d'une clé de cadran ou d'un verrou.We understand, thanks to figure 8 , that the head 81 is trapped between the upper face of the plate 87 and the lower face of the ceramic plate 85 in the thickness of the enamel layer 91. The portion of the rod 82 projecting from the underside of the the plate 87 thus advantageously makes it possible to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a customary manner, with the movement to become attached to it, for example, by means of a dial key or a lock.

Dans une deuxième alternative présentée à la figure 9, le cadran 83 comporte un clou 80' dont la tige 82' est montée dans un trou de la plaque en céramique 87. De plus, la tête 81' du clou 80' comporte une épaisseur inférieure à la plaque 85 et est posée sur la face supérieure de la couche d'émail 91. On comprend, grâce à la figure 9, que la tête 81' est emprisonnée entre la face supérieure de la couche 91 et l'épaisseur de la plaque 85 au moyen d'un lamage. La partie de la tige 82' en saillie de la face inférieure de la plaque 87 autorise donc avantageusement à servir de pied pour le cadran 83 en coopérant, de manière usuelle, avec le mouvement comme pour la première alternative.In a second alternative presented at figure 9 , the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 'whose rod 82' is mounted in a hole of the ceramic plate 87. In addition, the head 81 'of the nail 80' has a thickness less than the plate 85 and is placed on the upper face of the enamel layer 91. It is understood, thanks to the figure 9 , that the head 81 'is trapped between the upper face of the layer 91 and the thickness of the plate 85 by means of a counterbore. The portion of the rod 82 'projecting from the lower face of the plate 87 thus advantageously allows to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a usual manner, with the movement as for the first alternative.

Dans une troisième alternative présentée à la figure 10, le cadran 83 comporte un clou 80" dont la tige 82" est montée dans un trou formé dans la totalité de l'épaisseur du cadran 83, c'est-à-dire consécutivement la couche d'émail 90, la plaque 85, la couche d'émail 91 et la plaque 87. De plus, la tête 81" du clou 80" est posée sur la face supérieure de la couche d'émail 90.In a third alternative presented to the figure 10 , the dial 83 comprises a nail 80 "whose rod 82" is mounted in a hole formed in the entire thickness of the dial 83, that is to say consecutively the enamel layer 90, the plate 85, the enamel layer 91 and the plate 87. From moreover, the head 81 "of the nail 80" is placed on the upper face of the enamel layer 90.

On comprend, grâce à la figure 10, que la tête 81 " forme une partie visible du cadran 83 et qu'elle peut donc être utilisée pour former un décor comme celui du type des zones 2 et/ou 4 présentées à la figure 1. La partie de la tige 82" en saillie de la face inférieure de la plaque 87 autorise donc avantageusement à servir de pied pour le cadran 83 en coopérant, de manière usuelle, avec le mouvement comme pour les première et deuxième alternatives.We understand, thanks to figure 10 , that the head 81 "forms a visible part of the dial 83 and can therefore be used to form a decoration such as that of the type of the zones 2 and / or 4 shown in FIG. figure 1 . The portion of the rod 82 "projecting from the underside of the plate 87 thus advantageously allows to serve as a foot for the dial 83 cooperating, in a usual manner, with the movement as for the first and second alternatives.

Un deuxième but de l'invention est de fournir un procédé dont le taux de rebut et les coûts de fabrication sont considérablement réduits. Le procédé de fabrication 119 d'un des cadrans 23, 43, 63, 83 et 103 selon l'invention va maintenant être expliqué à l'aide des figures 11 à 18. Le procédé 119 comporte quatre étapes principales 120, 122, 124 et 126 comme illustré en traits simples à la figure 18.A second object of the invention is to provide a method whose scrap rate and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. The manufacturing method 119 of one of the dials 23, 43, 63, 83 and 103 according to the invention will now be explained using the Figures 11 to 18 . Process 119 comprises four main steps 120, 122, 124 and 126 as illustrated in single lines at figure 18 .

La première étape 120 consiste à former une première pièce, préférentiellement, émaillée. De manière préférée, chaque étape de formation de pièce émaillée consiste, dans une première phase 121 à se munir d'une plaque préférentiellement en céramique, puis, dans une deuxième phase 123, à émailler la plaque à l'aide d'un émail choisi pour, dans une troisième et dernière phase 125, solidifier ledit émail choisi par échauffement par exemple par passage dans un four.The first step 120 consists of forming a first part, preferably enamelled. Preferably, each enameled part forming step consists, in a first phase 121 to be provided with a preferably ceramic plate, then, in a second phase 123, to enamel the plate with a chosen enamel for, in a third and final phase 125, to solidify said selected enamel by heating, for example by passing through an oven.

Puis, dans une deuxième étape 122, le procédé 119 se poursuit en formant au moins une lumière traversant ladite première pièce. La troisième étape 124 consiste à former au moins une deuxième pièce, préférentiellement, émaillée selon les trois phases 121, 123, 125 décrites ci-dessus. Enfin, la quatrième étape 126 consiste à solidariser la deuxième pièce sur la première pièce en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans que la deuxième pièce saillisse dans la lumière afin de former le cadran émaillé final.Then, in a second step 122, the process 119 continues by forming at least one light passing through said first piece. The third step 124 consists in forming at least one second part, preferably enamelled according to the three phases 121, 123, 125 described above. Finally, the fourth step 126 consists of securing the second piece to the first piece in total coverage of the periphery of said at least one light without the second piece protruding into the light to form the final enamelled dial.

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, l'étape de solidarisation 126 peut être effectuée par collage en utilisant un matériau adhésif comme, par exemple, une colle polymère. A l'issue de l'étape de solidarisation 126, le procédé 119 peut, comme illustré à la figure 18 en traits triples, comporter une étape finale 130 de solidarisation d'au moins un pied contre la face opposée à la face visible du cadran. Comme expliqué ci-dessus, l'étape 130 peut également être effectuée par collage au moyen d'un matériau adhésif identique ou différent de celui utilisé lors de l'étape 126.As explained above, the securing step 126 may be performed by gluing using an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer glue. At the end of the securing step 126, the method 119 can, as illustrated in FIG. figure 18 in triple lines, comprise a final step 130 for securing at least one foot against the face opposite to the visible face of the dial. As explained above, step 130 can also be performed by gluing with an adhesive material identical to or different from that used in step 126.

Alternativement, l'étape 130 peut également consister en une étape finale de montage d'au moins un clou comportant les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, d'un trou au travers de la totalité du cadran puis d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie afin de former un pied pour le cadran et dont la tête dudit clou est montée sur la surface visible dudit cadran afin de réaliser l'alternative de la figure 10.Alternatively, step 130 may also consist of a final step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole through the entire dial and then introducing each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting to form a foot for the dial and whose head of said nail is mounted on the visible surface of said dial in order to realize the alternative of the figure 10 .

Toutefois, l'une ou l'autre des étapes 130 peut être avantageusement remplacée par une étape 128 illustrée en traits interrompus simples à la figure 18. L'étape 128 consiste à monter au moins un clou de fixation entre les étapes 124 et 126. De manière similaire à l'explication ci-dessus, l'étape 128 comporte alors les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, d'un trou dans une des pièces puis une phase d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie et dont la tête dudit clou est posée contre ladite une des pièces afin que, lors de l'étape 126 de solidarisation, la tête du clou soit emprisonnée entre lesdites pièces permettant de réaliser les alternatives des figures 8 et 9.However, one or the other of the steps 130 may advantageously be replaced by a step 128 illustrated in simple broken lines at the figure 18 . Step 128 consists in mounting at least one fixing nail between steps 124 and 126. In a similar manner to the explanation above, step 128 then comprises the drilling phases, for each nail, of a hole in one of the parts and a phase of introduction of each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the parts so that, during the step 126 of the fastening, the head of the nail is imprisoned between said parts making it possible to realize the alternatives of the Figures 8 and 9 .

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, l'étape de solidarisation 126 des pièces entre elles peut être réalisée par l'utilisation d'émaux dont les températures de solidification sont différenciées à la place d'un collage. Afin de mieux expliquer cette variante du procédé 119 de l'invention, les figures 11 à 17 sont proposées avec les références utilisées pour la figure 6. Il est bien évident que cette variante du procédé 119 n'est nullement limitée à la fabrication de l'exemple de la figure 6. Ces figures 11 à 17 permettent au contraire de fournir l'enseignement nécessaire à la réalisation, notamment, des cinq exemples illustrés aux figures 3 à 7.As explained above, the step of joining the pieces 126 together can be achieved by the use of enamels whose solidification temperatures are differentiated instead of a bonding. In order to better explain this variant of the process 119 of the invention, the Figures 11 to 17 are proposed with the references used for the figure 6 . It is well obvious that this variant of the method 119 is not limited to the manufacture of the example of the figure 6 . These Figures 11 to 17 on the contrary, to provide the education necessary for the realization, in particular, of the five examples illustrated Figures 3 to 7 .

Dans cette variante illustrée aux figures 11 à 15, le procédé 119 comporte alors une première étape 120 consistant à former une première pièce 85-90 émaillée. De manière préférée, l'étape de formation consiste, dans une première phase 121 à se munir d'une plaque préférentiellement en céramique 85 comme visible à la figure 11, puis, dans une deuxième phase 123, à émailler la plaque 85 à l'aide d'un émail grand feu 90 pour, dans une troisième et dernière phase 125, solidifier ledit émail grand feu par échauffement comme visible à la figure 12.In this variant illustrated in Figures 11 to 15 , the method 119 then comprises a first step 120 of forming a first piece 85-90 enamelled. Preferably, the forming step consists, in a first phase 121, of obtaining a plate preferably of ceramic 85, as visible in FIG. figure 11 then, in a second phase 123, to enamel the plate 85 with a large fire enamel 90 to, in a third and last phase 125, solidify said enamel fire by heating as visible in the figure 12 .

Puis, dans une deuxième étape 122 illustrée à la figure 13, le procédé 119 se poursuit en formant au moins une lumière traversant ladite première pièce 85-90. Dans cette variante, le procédé 119 se poursuit par une troisième et quatrième étapes 124 et 126 qui sont imbriquées, c'est-à-dire effectuées en même temps.Then, in a second step 122 illustrated in the figure 13 , the method 119 continues by forming at least one light passing through said first part 85-90. In this variant, the method 119 continues with third and fourth steps 124 and 126 which are interleaved, i.e. performed at the same time.

Ainsi, comme montré en traits doubles à la figure 18, dans cette variante, le procédé 119 se poursuit par une phase 127 destinée à se munir d'une deuxième plaque 87 préférentiellement en céramique puis, dans une phase 129, à émailler la deuxième plaque 87 à l'aide d'un émail petit feu 91. La phase 129 peut, à titre d'exemple, être effectuée par tampographie ou sérigraphie si un recouvrement complet de la plaque 87 n'est pas souhaité.So, as shown in double lines at the figure 18 in this variant, the method 119 is continued by a phase 127 intended to be provided with a second plate 87, preferably ceramic, and then, in a step 129, to enamel the second plate 87 with the aid of a small-fire enamel 91. The phase 129 may, for example, be performed by pad printing or screen printing if complete recovery of the plate 87 is not desired.

Ensuite, comme illustré à la figure 14, la variante du procédé 119 se poursuit par la phase 131 consistant à empiler la deuxième pièce 87-91 sous la première pièce 85-90 en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans que la deuxième pièce 87-91 saillisse dans la lumière puis, par la phase 133 consistant à solidifier l'émail petit feu 91 par échauffement afin de solidariser lesdites pièces entre elles sans qu'un matériau adhésif supplémentaire ne soit nécessaire. Selon la variante du procédé 119, on obtient ainsi un cadran émaillé final 83 comme visible en coupe à la figure 15.Then, as shown in figure 14 , the variant of the method 119 is continued by the phase 131 consisting of stacking the second piece 87-91 under the first piece 85-90 in full overlap around said at least one light without the second piece 87-91 protrudes into the light then, through the phase 133 of solidifying the small fire enamel 91 by heating to secure said parts together without additional adhesive material is necessary. According to the variant of process 119, thus obtaining a final enamelled dial 83 as visible in section at the figure 15 .

Comme illustré à la figure 18 en traits triples, à l'issue de la phase de solidarisation 133, la variante du procédé 119 peut également comporter une étape finale 130 de solidarisation d'au moins un pied contre la face opposée à la face visible du cadran 83. L'étape 130 peut être effectuée par collage au moyen d'un matériau adhésif comme, par exemple, une colle polymère.As illustrated in figure 18 in triple lines, at the end of the securing phase 133, the variant of the method 119 may also comprise a final step 130 for securing at least one foot against the face opposite to the visible face of the dial 83. The step 130 may be performed by gluing with an adhesive material such as, for example, a polymer adhesive.

Alternativement, l'étape 130 peut également consister en une étape finale de montage d'au moins un clou comportant les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, d'un trou au travers de la totalité du cadran 83 puis d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie afin de former un pied pour le cadran 83 et dont la tête dudit clou est montée sur la surface visible 90 dudit cadran afin de réaliser l'alternative de la figure 10.Alternatively, step 130 may also consist of a final step of mounting at least one nail comprising the drilling phases, for each nail, a hole through the entire dial 83 and then introducing each nail. in its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting so as to form a foot for the dial 83 and whose head of said nail is mounted on the visible surface 90 of said dial in order to realize the alternative of the figure 10 .

Toutefois, l'une ou l'autre des étapes 130 peut être avantageusement remplacée par une étape 128 illustrée en traits interrompus doubles à la figure 18. L'étape 128 consiste à monter au moins un clou de fixation entre les phases 131 et 133 de manière analogue à celle entre les étapes 124 et 126 expliquée ci-dessus. L'étape 128 comporte alors les phases de perçage, pour chaque clou, d'un trou dans une des pièces 87-91 puis d'introduction de chaque clou dans son trou associé, l'extrémité de la tige dudit clou étant en saillie et dont la tête dudit clou est posée contre ladite une des pièces 87-91 afin que, lors de la phase 133 de solidarisation, la tête du clou soit emprisonnée entre lesdites pièces 87-91, 85-90 permettant de réaliser les alternatives des figures 8 et 9.However, one or the other of the steps 130 may advantageously be replaced by a step 128 illustrated in double dashed lines at the figure 18 . Step 128 consists in mounting at least one fixing nail between the phases 131 and 133 in a similar manner to that between the steps 124 and 126 explained above. Step 128 then comprises the drilling phases, for each nail, of a hole in one of the pieces 87-91 and then of introducing each nail into its associated hole, the end of the stem of said nail being projecting and whose head of said nail is placed against said one of the pieces 87-91 so that, during the step 133 of fastening, the head of the nail is trapped between said parts 87-91, 85-90 making it possible to carry out the alternatives of Figures 8 and 9 .

A titre de complément, les figures 16 et 17 montrent, de manière avantageuse, que la réalisation des couches 92, 112 est facilement intégrable dans la variante du procédé 119 expliquée ci-dessus. Ainsi, suite aux phases 121, 123, 125, à l'étape 122, puis la phase 127, le procédé 119 est adapté en réalisant la phase 129, comme visible à la figure 16, consistant à émailler la deuxième plaque 87 à l'aide d'un émail petit feu 91 mais également la première plaque 85 à l'aide d'un deuxième émail petit feu 92. La phase 129 peut, à titre d'exemple, être effectuée par tampographie ou sérigraphie si un recouvrement complet n'est pas souhaité comme c'est le cas au moins de la couche d'émail 92.As a complement, Figures 16 and 17 show, advantageously, that the production of the layers 92, 112 is easily integrable in the variant of the method 119 explained above. Thus, following the phases 121, 123, 125, in the step 122, then the phase 127, the method 119 is adapted by realizing the phase 129, as visible in the figure 16 , enameling the second plate 87 with a small fire enamel 91 but also the first plate 85 with a second small fire enamel 92. The phase 129 may, for example, be performed by pad printing or screen printing if a complete covering is not desired as is the case for at least the enamel layer 92.

Ensuite, comme illustré à la figure 16, le procédé 119 se poursuit par la phase 131 consistant à empiler la deuxième pièce 87-91 sous la première pièce 85-90-92 en recouvrement total du pourtour de ladite au moins une lumière sans que la deuxième pièce 87-91 saillisse dans la lumière puis, par la phase 133, consistant à solidifier les émaux petit feu 91, 92 par échauffement en même temps ou de manière séparée suivant leur différence de température de solidification afin de solidariser lesdites pièces entre elles, réaliser le décor 92 et ainsi former le cadran émaillé final 83 comme visible en coupe à la figure 17.Then, as shown in figure 16 , the method 119 continues with the step 131 of stacking the second piece 87-91 under the first piece 85-90-92 in total overlap around said at least one light without the second piece 87-91 protrudes into the light then, by the phase 133, consisting in solidifying the small fire enamels 91, 92 by heating at the same time or separately according to their difference of solidification temperature in order to join said pieces together, to make the decoration 92 and thus to form the final enamelled dial 83 as visible in section at figure 17 .

On réalise donc qu'aucune adaptation lourde n'est nécessaire pour former les couches 92, 112 dans la variante du procédé 119. Par contre, pour former les couches 92, 112 dans le cas du procédé 119 en trait simple à la figure 18, une paire de phases 123 et 125 est nécessaire pour former respectivement la couche grand feu puis la couche petit feu sur la même plaque.It is therefore realized that no heavy adaptation is necessary to form the layers 92, 112 in the variant of the method 119. On the other hand, to form the layers 92, 112 in the case of the process 119 in simple line to the figure 18 a pair of phases 123 and 125 is necessary to form respectively the large fire layer and the small fire layer on the same plate.

Avantageusement, on comprend qu'une grande variété de cadrans peut selon l'invention être fabriquée à l'aide des enseignements de l'invention sans se limiter toutefois aux uniques exemples présentés ci-dessus.Advantageously, it is understood that a large variety of dials may according to the invention be manufactured using the teachings of the invention without being limited to the single examples presented above.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, suivant l'esthétique désirée et/ou les fonctions souhaitées de la pièce d'horlogerie, le cadran peut être simplifié ou comporter plus de pièces émaillées sur une hauteur plus ou moins importante avec des couleurs d'émaux plus ou moins diversifiées.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, according to the desired aesthetic and / or the desired functions of the timepiece, the dial can be simplified or include more enamelled pieces to a greater or lesser height with enamel colors more or less diversified.

Enfin, comme expliqué ci-dessus, même si les explications ont été focalisées sur deux pièces en céramique émaillée, l'une des deux pièces peut ne pas être en céramique émaillée mais formée en un autre matériau comme un métal brossé ou du verre et/ou dont le revêtement diffère en étant par exemple nacrée.Finally, as explained above, even if the explanations were focused on two pieces of enamelled ceramic, one of the two pieces may not be enamelled ceramic but formed of another material such as a brushed metal or glass and / or whose coating differs for example by being pearlescent.

On comprend donc que, si cela ne pose aucun problème pour la fabrication dont la solidarisation est effectuée par collage, la fabrication par solidarisation à l'aide de l'émail limite les variantes possibles avec un autre matériau comme un métal brossé ou du verre et/ou dont le revêtement diffère en étant par exemple nacrée. En effet, dans ce cas, la pièce émaillée sera toujours celle qui supporte l'autre, c'est-à-dire la pièce 87-91 dans l'exemple de la figure 6 et la pièce 105-110 dans l'exemple de la figure 7.It is therefore understood that, if this poses no problem for the manufacture whose bonding is carried out by gluing, the manufacturing by joining together with enamel limits the possible variants with another material such as a brushed metal or glass and / or whose coating differs in being for example nacreous. Indeed, in this case, the enamelled piece will always be the one that supports the other, that is to say the piece 87-91 in the example of the figure 6 and 105-110 in the example of the figure 7 .

Claims (23)

  1. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) At least partially enamelled, whose visible surface includes areas standing out in relief (28, 29, 48, 49, 49', 68, 88, 89, 108, 108'), said dial including a first part (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110) formed by a first substrate including at least one hole and at least one second part (24, 27, 44, 47, 47', 64, 87-91, 104-113) formed by a second substrate, characterized in that at least one of the parts includes an enamel coated substrate forming one part of said visible surface of the dial and in that said at least one second part is secured to the first part so as to totally cover the periphery of said at least one hole without projecting therein so as to form a relief dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) with improved rendering.
  2. Dial (23, 43, 63, 103) according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one second part is secured on top of the visible face of said first part so as to form a raised zone (28, 48, 68, 89, 108) relative to the rest of the visible surface of the dial (23, 43, 63,103).
  3. Dial (23, 43, 83) according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one second part is secured to the opposite face to the visible face of said first part to form a bottom underneath said at least one hole and thereby form a hollow area (29, 49, 89) relative to the rest of the visible surface of the dial (23, 43, 83)
  4. Dial (23, 43) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dial (23, 43) has a third part (24, 44, 47') including a substrate which is secured to one of the first two parts (25, 45, 47) to form an additional level on the dial (23, 43).
  5. Dial (23, 43, 83) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first part (25, 45, 85-90) and said at least one second part (27, 47, 47', 87-91) have substantially identical dimensions.
  6. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the parts includes a nacre coated substrate.
  7. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts are secured to each other by an adhesive material.
  8. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the parts (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110, 24, 27, 44, 47, 47', 64, 87-91, 104-113) are secured to each other by an enamel layer.
  9. Dial (83, 103) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the part (85-90, 104-113) forming the top portion of the dial (83, 103) includes a substrate coated with a second enamel (90, 113) whose solidification temperature is at least 100°C higher than that of the enamel securing layer.
  10. Dial (83, 103) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second enamel (90, 113) of the part (85-90,104-113) forming the top portion of the dial (83, 103) is partially covered by a third enamel (92, 112) whose solidification temperature is at least 100°C lower than that of the second enamel so as to form decorations on top of the second enamel (90, 113).
  11. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a base (21, 41, 61) including at least one foot (22, 42, 62) is secured to the face opposite the visible face of the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103).
  12. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it includes at least one fixing nail (80, 80') passing partially through the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103), wherein the end of the stem (82, 82') of said nail is used as a foot for the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) and the head (81, 81') is secured between two of said parts.
  13. Dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it includes at least one fixing nail (80") completely passing through the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103), the end of whose stem (82") is used as a foot for the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) and whose head (81") rests on the visible surface of said dial thus forming a visible decoration.
  14. Timepiece characterized in that it includes a dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) according to any of the preceding claims.
  15. Method (119) of manufacturing an at least partially enamelled dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103), whose visible surface includes areas standing out in relief (28, 29, 48, 49, 49', 68, 88, 89, 108, 108'), said method including the following steps:
    a) forming (120) a first part (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110);
    b) forming (122) at least one hole in the first part (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110);
    c) forming (124) a second part (27, 47, 64, 87-91, 104-113);
    characterized in that at least one of the parts is enamelled and in that the method (119) further includes the following step:
    d) securing (126) the second part (27, 47, 64, 87-91, 104-113) to the first part (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110) so as to totally cover the periphery of said at least one hole without projecting therein, to form the final dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103).
  16. Method (119) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, between steps c) and d), the method (119) includes a step (128) of mounting at least one nail (80, 80') including the following phases:
    - piercing a hole for each nail (80, 80') in one of the parts (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110);
    - introducing each nail (80, 80') into the associated hole, the end of the stem (82, 82') of said nail jutting out to form a foot for the dial (23, 43, 63, 83, 103) and the head (81, 81') of said nail being placed on one of the parts (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110) so that, in the securing step d), the head (81, 81') of the nail (80, 80') is trapped between said parts (25, 45, 65, 85-90, 105-110, 27, 47, 64, 87-91, 104-113).
  17. Method (119) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the securing step d) is achieved by bonding.
  18. Method (119) according to claim 15, characterized in that step a) includes the following phase:
    e) taking (121) a first plate;
    and in that steps c) and d) are performed at the same time and include the following phases:
    h) taking (127) a second part;
    i) enamelling (129) the second part;
    j) stacking (131) the second part against the first part so as to totally cover the periphery of said at least one hole without projecting therein;
    k) solidifying (133) the enamel by firing in order to secure said parts to each other and thereby form the final dial.
  19. Method (119) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, after step e), step a) includes the following phases:
    f) enamelling (123) the first plate with a second enamel whose solidification temperature is at least 100°C higher than that of the enamel securing layer;
    g) solidifying (125) the second enamel by firing.
  20. Method (119) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, in phase i), the second enamel is at least partially enamelled with a third enamel whose solidification is at least 100°C lower than that of the second enamel so as to form, during solidification phase k), a decoration on top of the second enamel.
  21. Method (119) according to any of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that, between phases i) and j), the method (119) includes a step (128) of mounting at least one nail (80, 80') including the following phases:
    - piercing a hole in one of the parts for each nail (80, 80');
    - introducing each nail (80, 80') into the associated hole, the end of the stem (82, 82') of said nail jutting out to form a foot for the dial and the head (81, 81') of said nail being placed on one of the parts so that, in securing phase k), the head (81, 81') of the nail (80, 80') is trapped between said parts.
  22. Method (119) according to claim 15, 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that it includes a step (130) of mounting at least one nail (80") including the following phases:
    - piercing a hole for each nail (80") through the entire dial;
    - introducing each nail (80") into the associated hole, the end of the stem (82") of said nail jutting out to form a foot for the dial and the head (81 ") of said nail being mounted on the visible surface of said dial to form a visible decoration.
  23. Method according to claim 15, 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that it includes a final step (130) of securing at least one foot (22, 44, 64) to the face opposite the visible face of the dial.
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JP4592946B2 (en) * 2000-12-26 2010-12-08 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 Decorative dial
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DE602004012585T2 (en) * 2004-12-20 2009-04-16 Rolex Sa Clock dial and method of manufacture of this dial
JP2006275581A (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-10-12 Citizen Watch Co Ltd Indication plate for clock
ATE399338T1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-07-15 Grisogono S A De CLOCK MODULE INCLUDING AN ADJUSTABLE ROTATING DIAL ON A MOVEMENT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2365405A1 (en) 2011-09-14
EP2365404A1 (en) 2011-09-14
JP2011191303A (en) 2011-09-29
HK1162211A1 (en) 2012-08-24
JP5443414B2 (en) 2014-03-19
US9134703B2 (en) 2015-09-15
KR20110103335A (en) 2011-09-20
US20110222378A1 (en) 2011-09-15
CN102193491B (en) 2013-11-13
CN102193491A (en) 2011-09-21

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