EP2360355A1 - Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2360355A1
EP2360355A1 EP11290052A EP11290052A EP2360355A1 EP 2360355 A1 EP2360355 A1 EP 2360355A1 EP 11290052 A EP11290052 A EP 11290052A EP 11290052 A EP11290052 A EP 11290052A EP 2360355 A1 EP2360355 A1 EP 2360355A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
circuit
reservoir
tank
pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11290052A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2360355B1 (de
Inventor
Cyprien Ternel
Pierre Leduc
Alexandre Duparchy
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP2360355A1 publication Critical patent/EP2360355A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling a low-freezing working fluid, in particular water, contained in a closed circuit operating according to a Rankine cycle and to a method using such a device.
  • the Rankine cycle is a closed circuit thermodynamic cycle having the particular feature of using a phase change (liquid / vapor) of a working fluid.
  • This cycle is generally broken down into a step during which the working fluid used, here water in liquid form, is compressed isentropically, followed by a step where the compressed water is heated and vaporized in contact with a source of heat, this water vapor is then relaxed, in another step, isentropically in an expansion machine, then, in a final step, this relaxed vapor is cooled and condensed in contact with a cold source .
  • the working fluid used here water in liquid form
  • the circuit comprises a positive displacement pump (or compressor) for compressing the water in liquid form, a heat exchanger (or evaporator) which is swept by a hot fluid to achieve the at least partial vaporization of the compressed water, an expansion machine for relaxing the steam, such as a turbine, which converts the energy of this steam into another energy, such as mechanical or electrical energy, and another heat exchanger (or condenser) with which the heat contained in the steam is yielded to a cold source, generally outside air which sweeps this condenser, to transform this vapor into water in liquid form.
  • a positive displacement pump or compressor
  • a heat exchanger or evaporator
  • He is also known, in particular by the document FR 2 884 555 , to use the heat energy conveyed by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular that used for motor vehicles, as a hot source for heating and vaporization of the fluid passing through the evaporator.
  • the saturation curve of this fluid must be optimized according to the temperature of the hot source and the cold source.
  • an aqueous working fluid in a Rankine cycle circuit has the advantage of having characteristics that make it possible to obtain a maximum saturation curve while having the advantage of being non-dangerous. .
  • water has the specificity of having a freezing point at low temperatures (around 0 ° C) and it is usual to add antifreeze additives, such as glycol, to lower this freezing point to acceptable temperature levels, of the order of -15 to -30 ° C.
  • antifreeze additives such as glycol
  • this additive water undergoes unpredictable aging as the liquid / vapor phase changes. This unpredictable aging can lead to incomplete phase changes of this water, which generates a malfunction of the Rankine cycle circuit.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome the above disadvantages by means of a device and a process which limit or even prevent the freezing of the working fluid without this resulting in a modification of its liquid / vapor phase transformation characteristics.
  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the low-freezing working fluid circulating in a closed circuit operating according to a Rankine cycle, said circuit comprising a liquid-form fluid compression pump, a heat exchanger swept by a hot source for evaporation of said fluid, means for expansion of the fluid in vapor form, and a cooling exchanger swept by a cold source for the condensation of the working fluid, characterized in that it comprises a reservoir of receiving fluid for draining said circuit.
  • the tank may be an insulated tank, an expandable tank, a tank comprising a larger capacity than the volume of the fluid contained in the circuit.
  • the reservoir may include a heating system for the fluid contained therein.
  • the device may comprise at least one pipe for connecting the circuit to the tank.
  • the device may comprise a pipe for emptying the circuit fluid in the tank and a pipe for filling the circuit with the fluid of this tank.
  • the pipe may comprise a valve.
  • At least one of the conduits may comprise a fluid circulation pump.
  • At least one of the lines can be connected at a point of a circulation line between the compression pump and the heat exchanger for evaporation of said fluid.
  • the circulation line may carry a valve placed between the point and the heat exchanger for evaporation of said fluid.
  • the working fluid may be water free of antifreeze additive.
  • the hot source can come from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling a low-freezing working fluid circulating in a closed circuit operating on a Rankine cycle, said circuit comprising a liquid-form fluid compression pump, a swept-in heat exchanger by a hot source for evaporation of said fluid, means for expanding the fluid in vapor form, and a cooling exchanger swept by a cold source for the condensation of the working fluid, characterized in that it consists, during the stopping the operation of the circuit, transferring at least a portion of the fluid contained in said circuit to a reservoir.
  • the method may include transferring the fluid to the reservoir when the circuit operation is stopped when the ambient temperature is below the freezing temperature of the fluid.
  • the method can consist of transferring the fluid contained in the reservoir to the circuit during the operation of the circuit.
  • the method may include circulating the fluid in a conduit connecting the circuit to the reservoir under the action of the compression pump.
  • the method may comprise circulating the fluid in a pipe connecting the circuit to the tank under the action of a circulation pump carried by said pipe.
  • the method may consist in transferring by gravity the fluid contained in the reservoir to the circuit during the operation of the circuit.
  • the Rankine cycle closed circuit 10 comprises a circulating and compression pump 12 (or compressor) of a working fluid with an inlet 14 of the working fluid in liquid form and an outlet 16 of this working fluid also under liquid form but compressed under high pressure.
  • This compressor is advantageously rotated by an electric motor (not shown).
  • This circuit also comprises a heat exchanger 18, called evaporator, traversed by the compressed working fluid between an inlet 20 of the liquid fluid and an outlet 22 through which the working fluid emerges from this evaporator in the form of compressed steam.
  • This evaporator is traversed by a hot source 24 from the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust line 26 of an internal combustion engine 28 and more particularly of a motor vehicle engine.
  • This circuit also comprises an expansion machine 30, called expansion valve, receiving at its inlet 32 the working fluid in the form of vapor compressed at high pressure, this fluid emerging through the outlet 34 of the pressure regulator in the form of low-pressure expanded steam.
  • expansion machine 30 called expansion valve
  • this expander may be in the form of an expansion turbine whose rotor is rotated by the working fluid in the form of steam by driving a connecting shaft (not shown).
  • this shaft makes it possible to transmit the recovered energy to any transformer device, such as for example an electric generator.
  • the circuit further comprises a cooling exchanger 36, or condenser, with an inlet 38 for the low-pressure vapor expanded and an outlet 40 for the working fluid converted into liquid form after passing through this condenser.
  • This condenser is swept by a cold source, usually a cold fluid (Arrow F) with air at room temperature, so as to cool the expanded steam so that it condenses and turns into liquid.
  • a cold source usually a cold fluid (Arrow F) with air at room temperature
  • Fluid circulation lines 42, 44, 46 and 48 make it possible to successively connect the various elements of this circuit so that the fluid circulates in the direction indicated by the arrows C. More specifically, the pipe 42 connects the outlet of the compressor to the fluid. At the inlet of the evaporator, line 44 connects the outlet of this evaporator to the inlet of the expander, line 46 establishes a connection between the outlet of the expander and the inlet 42 of the condenser and line 48 connects the outlet of the condenser. with the compressor inlet.
  • any other phase change fluid (liquid / vapor) without antifreeze additive, can freeze at low temperature (around 0 ° C), can be used, such as organic fluids.
  • a device for controlling the working fluid 50 with means for storing the water contained in the circuit is associated with this circuit.
  • These means comprise a closed storage tank 52 of the water collected after emptying the circuit.
  • This reservoir makes it possible to keep this water in a liquid state even when the ambient temperature is at a level that can lead to its freezing or to freeze it without risk of damaging the reservoir and / or the circuit.
  • the tank is a heat insulated tank 54 with a peripheral coating 56 which covers all or part of its walls 58 by thermally insulating it from the ambient air.
  • the reservoir is an expandable reservoir 60 with at least a portion of its walls 62 which is elastically deformable under the effect of the increase in volume of the frozen water.
  • This reservoir has a configuration such that it comprises an internal volume that is greater than the volume of the water contained in the circuit leaving a gaseous sky 64 between the water level and the upper wall of the reservoir.
  • This gaseous sky comprises a volume at least equal to the increase in volume of the water after freezing.
  • the reservoir may include a heating system 66 of liquid contained in the reservoir.
  • This system comprises, by way of example, an electrical heating resistor 68 placed inside this tank and supplied with current by electrical conductors 70.
  • control means within the reach of those skilled in the art are connected to this heating system to regulate and / or activate it with for example a measurement of the ambient temperature by means of a temperature sensor.
  • This tank is connected to the circulation pipe 42 by a drain line 72 from the upper part of this tank and arriving at a connection point 74 with the pipe 42.
  • This drain pipe carries a valve 76 with two positions, full opening and full closure, to control the flow of water in this pipe.
  • a filling line 78 also connects the bottom of the tank to a junction point 80 with the line 42.
  • This filling line also comprises a two-position valve, full opening and full closure, and a circulation pump 84, preferably electric, which manages the flow of water in this pipe.
  • the emptying and filling pipes may be insulated so as to limit the freezing of the water contained in these pipes.
  • the pipe 42 carries a control valve 86 placed downstream of the two junction and connection points and upstream of the inlet 20 of the evaporator 18.
  • valves 76, 82 and 86 are controlled by any known means, such as electric motors, under the control of a computing unit and more particularly of the calculator of the internal combustion engine.
  • this computing unit controls the drive motors of compressor 12 and pump 84.
  • the water circulates only in the circuit in a clockwise direction considering the figure 1 (arrows C).
  • the drain valves 76 and filling 82 are in a closed position for the pipes 72 and 78 while the valve 86 is in an open position for the pipe 42.
  • the pump 84 is inactive and the compressor 12 is rotated by its electric motor.
  • This compressed water circulates in the pipe 42 to reach the evaporator 22 through the opening of the control valve 86 and can not flow in the pipes 72 and 78 closed by the valves 76 and 82.
  • This compressed water passes through the evaporator so as to become vapor under the effect of the heat sweeping this evaporator and from the exhaust gas of the engine 28.
  • the water vapor leaving the evaporator is conveyed by the pipe 44 to pass through the evaporator. expander 30 by transmitting the energy it contains.
  • the water vapor released from this regulator flows in line 46 to pass through the condenser 36 in which it is converted into a liquid water. This liquid water is then fed via line 48 to compressor 12 to be compressed.
  • the computing unit controls the control valve 86 so that it prevents any flow of the compressed water contained in the pipe 42 to the inlet of the evaporator 18 while maintaining the closed position of the filling valve 82 for the filling line 78 as well as the inaction of the pump 84.
  • This unit also controls the drain valve 76 so that it is in the open position of the drain line 72 so as to establish a communication between the pipe 42 and the tank 52 through the connection point 74 and this pipe. emptying 72.
  • the drive of the compressor 12 is maintained and the water leaving the compressor 12 is introduced into the filling line 72 through the point 74 to be transferred into the tank, here in the top of the tank, according to the arrows V of the figure 1 .
  • connection points 74 and the stitching points 80 and the control valve 86 will place the connection points 74 and the stitching points 80 and the control valve 86 closer to the outlet 16 of the compressor 12 and limit the extent of the lines 72 and 78. This makes it possible to limit areas where residual water can freeze.
  • the heating system 66 when its control means will detect a temperature of the ambient air capable of generating the gel of this water. In the case of a freeze of water in the tank, the heating system 66 is actuated by the computer so as to thaw the water to start the circuit 10.
  • control valve 86 When restarting the Rankine cycle circuit, the control valve 86 is in the open position of the circulation line 42, the valve 76 is placed in the closed position of the filling line 72 and the valve 82 is placed in an open position of the filling line 78.
  • the compressor 12 and the pump 84 are actuated with the result of introducing into the pipe 42, through the junction point 80, the water contained in the tank. This water is withdrawn from the tank under the action of the pump to circulate in the filling line 78 and then flows in the pipe 42 according to the arrows R of the figure 1 . This water introduced into the pipe 42 is then circulated in the circuit 10 under the effect of the compressor 12 undergoing the various phase changes, as mentioned above.
  • the skilled person will set the operating time of the pump 84 to determine its stop after the reintroduction of all the water from the tank in the circuit 10. It may alternatively place a detection means in the tank, such as a float , which will control the interruption of the drive pump 84 when the float will detect no presence of water in the tank.
  • a detection means such as a float
  • the drain pipe 72 and its valve 76 may be provided to remove the drain pipe 72 and its valve 76 and use only the pipe 78 with its valve 82 and pump 84 as a drain pipe and filling with the feature that the pump 84 is a bidirectional pump.
  • valve 86 when stopping the operation of the circuit, the valve 86 is placed in a closed position of the pipe 42 and the valve 82 is in the open position of the pipe 42.
  • the compressor 12 and the pump 84 are actuated in the same direction of rotation to introduce the circuit water in the pipe 78 and in the bottom of the tank 52 according to the arrows V '.
  • valve 82 When restarting this circuit, the valve 82 remains in the open position of the pipe 78 and the valve 86 switches to a fully open position of the circulation pipe 42.
  • the compressor is operated in the same direction as for the emptying and the pump is controlled in a direction opposite to that of the emptying so as to extract the water contained in the tank to circulate in the pipe 78 according to the arrows R, as previously mentioned.
  • the variant of the figure 2 differs from the example of the figure 1 by specific positioning of the tank 52 and by the removal of the circulation pump on the filling line 78.
  • the tank is positioned relative to the circuit 10 in such a way that the connection point 88 of the filling line 78 with the tank, placed here in the bottom of this tank, is situated above the junction point 80 of this line with the circulation line 42.
  • the operation of the circuit is similar to that of the figure 1 with the closures of the valves 76 and 82, the opening of the valve 86 and a circulation of water according to the arrows C under the action of the compressor 12.
  • the step of emptying the water in the tank 52 to stop the operation of the circuit is also identical to that of the figure 1 with the closures of the valves 82 and 86, the opening of the valve 76 and an actuation of the compressor 12 to obtain a flow of water according to the arrows V.
  • valve 76 is in the closed position of the pipe 72, the valves 82, 86 are in the open position of the pipes 78 and 42 and the compressor 12 is actuated.
  • the water contained in the reservoir flows through the point of connection 88 and flows in the filling pipe 78 and then in the circulation pipe 42 according to the arrows R.
  • thermosensor for this, it can be used a temperature sensor dedicated to this measurement or the sensor that is associated with the heating system 66.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP11290052.7A 2010-02-11 2011-01-28 Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung Not-in-force EP2360355B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1000572A FR2956153B1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2010-02-11 Dispositif de controle d'un fluide de travail a bas point de congelation circulant dans un circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2360355A1 true EP2360355A1 (de) 2011-08-24
EP2360355B1 EP2360355B1 (de) 2017-08-16

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EP11290052.7A Not-in-force EP2360355B1 (de) 2010-02-11 2011-01-28 Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung

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US (1) US9926812B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2360355B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5739184B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2956153B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011131482A3 (de) * 2010-04-21 2012-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur abwärmenutzung
WO2012052226A3 (de) * 2010-10-18 2013-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur abwärmenutzung
FR2985767A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-19 IFP Energies Nouvelles Dispositif de controle d'un fluide de travail dans un circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel dispositif
FR3004216A1 (fr) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-10 Exoes Systeme et methode de gestion du gel dans un circuit de conversion d'energie thermique
WO2015197086A1 (en) * 2014-06-26 2015-12-30 Volvo Truck Corporation Exhaust gas system

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US8713939B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2014-05-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Exhaust heat recovery system
DE102011005722B3 (de) * 2011-03-17 2012-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampfkreisprozesses
CN103075233B (zh) * 2012-01-04 2017-02-15 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 内燃机低温进气方法及发动机
AT513999B1 (de) * 2013-02-25 2015-02-15 MAN Truck & Bus Österreich AG Abwärmenutzungssystem, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Speisepumpe
JP2017524856A (ja) * 2014-06-26 2017-08-31 ボルボトラックコーポレーション 排気ガスシステム、排気ガスシステムを制御する方法及びコンピュータプログラム製品
FR3055149B1 (fr) 2016-08-18 2020-06-26 IFP Energies Nouvelles Circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine avec un dispositif pour l'arret d'urgence du circuit et procede utilisant un tel circuit
CN113358328A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-07 中国科学院力学研究所 一种实现溶液饱和度可控的循环水槽实验装置

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011131482A3 (de) * 2010-04-21 2012-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur abwärmenutzung
WO2012052226A3 (de) * 2010-10-18 2013-05-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur abwärmenutzung
FR2985767A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-19 IFP Energies Nouvelles Dispositif de controle d'un fluide de travail dans un circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel dispositif
WO2013107949A3 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2014-12-24 IFP Energies Nouvelles Dispositif de contrôle d'un fluide de travail dans un circuit fermé fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procédé utilisant un tel dispositif
FR3004216A1 (fr) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-10 Exoes Systeme et methode de gestion du gel dans un circuit de conversion d'energie thermique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110192178A1 (en) 2011-08-11
JP2011163346A (ja) 2011-08-25
EP2360355B1 (de) 2017-08-16
FR2956153A1 (fr) 2011-08-12
JP5739184B2 (ja) 2015-06-24
US9926812B2 (en) 2018-03-27
FR2956153B1 (fr) 2015-07-17

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