EP2356738A1 - Système de frein électrique a pertes magnétiques - Google Patents
Système de frein électrique a pertes magnétiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2356738A1 EP2356738A1 EP09749128A EP09749128A EP2356738A1 EP 2356738 A1 EP2356738 A1 EP 2356738A1 EP 09749128 A EP09749128 A EP 09749128A EP 09749128 A EP09749128 A EP 09749128A EP 2356738 A1 EP2356738 A1 EP 2356738A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inductance
- brake system
- electric brake
- magnetic circuit
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an AC motor
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric brake system with magnetic losses intended to dissipate the energy produced by an electromechanical machine during a braking phase, when the supply network or its interface is not bidirectional.
- the energy generated during the braking phases of the machine is usually dissipated by a system connected on the DC bus. In the majority of cases, this dissipation is ensured by resistances. When these resistors have to store high energies and / or when they have to withstand a large number of operating cycles, these become heavy, cumbersome and expensive. In addition, the flow of dissipation to the wall of the housing where they are fixed is, in these cases, difficult to control. This makes the thermal management of the application not easy.
- FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram showing a conventional electric brake system with dissipation of the energy restored by braking in a resistor.
- This electric brake system is arranged in the supply circuit of an electromechanical machine M.
- the supply circuit comprises a DC voltage source 1 supplying, via a protection diode Dp, an inverter 3, at the terminals of which is connected the electromechanical machine M.
- a freewheeling diode D1 Between the cathode of the protective diode Dp and the terminal - of the DC voltage source 1 is connected, inversely, a freewheeling diode D1 and a differential mode filter.
- the differential mode filter comprises an inductor L, wound around a magnetic circuit 2, and a capacitor C.
- the inverter 3 is connected across the capacitor C.
- the electric brake system comprises a first branch comprising two diodes D2 and D3 connected in series and inversely across the terminals of the capacitor C.
- a second branch comprising a braking resistor Rf in series with a transistor (IGBT or other) referenced T is connected across the terminals of the capacitor C.
- the midpoint between the braking resistor Rf and the transistor T is connected to the midpoint located between the diodes D2 and D3.
- the braking energy is dissipated in the resistor Rf.
- the operation of the circuit of FIG. 1 is as follows.
- the transistor T When the electromechanical machine M provides mechanical energy, the transistor T is controlled to be in off mode and no current flows in the resistor Rf.
- the diodes D2 and D3 are inoperative in this phase.
- the inverter 3 returns electrical energy to the capacitor C.
- PWM command for Pulse Width Modulation
- the diodes D2 and D3 serve as a freewheeling diode for all parasitic inductances of the branch formed by the resistor Rf and the transistor T.
- US-A-6 072 291 discloses an electric brake system for an electromechanical machine connected to the output terminals of an inverter whose input terminals are powered by a DC voltage source.
- the system comprises an electrical circuit connected between the input terminals of the inverter and comprising, connected in series: - means of dissipation of electrical energy returned by the electromechanical machine to the input terminals of the inverter during a braking phase of the electromechanical machine, switching means for closing said electric circuit during a braking phase of the electromechanical machine and opening said electric circuit in the absence of a braking phase of the machine electromechanical.
- the electrical energy which is returned to the input terminals of the inverter during a braking phase, is mainly dissipated in a braking resistor.
- the invention proposes a solution other than the dissipation in an electrical resistance, for the electric braking of an electromechanical machine.
- the proposed solution is to dissipate in the core of an inductor the energy produced by an electromechanical machine during a braking phase, this inductance sharing for example the same magnetic core as the filtering inductance of the power supply. continued.
- the subject of the invention is therefore an electric brake system for an electromechanical machine connected to the terminals of output of an inverter whose input terminals are powered by a DC voltage source, the system comprising an electrical circuit connected between the input terminals of the inverter and comprising, connected in series:
- the dissipation means an electrical energy comprises an inductor wound around a magnetic circuit, the energy recovered by the inductor during a braking phase being dissipated by loss of hysteresis and eddy currents in the magnetic circuit.
- a differential mode filter can be used.
- This filter may comprise a filter inductor, wound around a magnetic circuit and placed in series between the DC voltage source and the inverter, and a filter capacitor placed between the input terminals of the inverter.
- the filter inductance and the dissipation inductor may have a common magnetic circuit or not according to the embodiment.
- the filter inductance and the dissipation inductance use the same magnetic circuit but are not magnetically coupled to each other.
- the magnetic circuit may be an EI or EE circuit, the filtering inductance comprising two identical windings connected in series, each winding being wound on an outer leg of the E, the dissipation inductor being wound on the leg E.
- the dissipation inductance comprising two identical windings connected in series, each winding being wound on an outer leg of the E, the filtering inductance being wound on the central leg of the E.
- the filtering inductance and the dissipation inductance are coupled together.
- the magnetic circuit may be a 0-shaped circuit having two opposite winding branches, the filtering inductance consisting of two series-connected windings, each winding around a branch, the dissipation inductance consisting of two windings connected in series, each being wound also around a branch.
- the invention applies to all reversible electromechanical machines connected to a DC bus, directly or via a converter. In most applications, this will be a three-phase synchronous or asynchronous machine connected to the DC bus via a three-phase inverter. For the simplicity of the explanation, only this case will be presented, but this does not exclude in any way the other cases of machines / converters.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an electric brake system, arranged in the electrical supply circuit of an electromechanical machine, with dissipation of the energy restored by braking in a resistor, according to the prior art
- - Figure 2 is an electrical diagram showing a first electric brake system, disposed in the electrical supply circuit of an electromechanical machine, with dissipation of the energy restored by the braking in an inductance wound around a magnetic circuit different from that of the filtering inductor, according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a second electric brake system, disposed in the electrical supply circuit of an electromechanical machine, with dissipation of the energy restored by braking in an inductor coiled around a common magnetic circuit with that of the filtering inductor
- FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram representing a third system electric brake, disposed in the electrical supply circuit of an electromechanical machine, with dissipation of the energy restored by the braking in an inductor coiled around a common magnetic circuit with that of the filtering inductance but without magnetic coupling, according to the invention
- FIG. 5 represents a magnetic circuit equipped with inductances, usable in the electric brake system, described in FIG. 4, according to the invention
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth electric brake system, disposed in the electrical supply circuit of an electromechanical machine, with dissipation of the energy restored by braking in an inductor wound around a magnetic circuit, according to the invention
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a magnetic circuit equipped with inductors, usable in the electric brake system, except for the one described in FIG. 4, according to the invention
- FIG. 8 illustrates the manner of disposing a magnetic circuit, usable in the electric brake system according to the invention, in a housing housing the electric brake system.
- FIG. 2 is an electrical diagram representing a first electric brake system, arranged in the supply circuit of an electromechanical machine (a three-phase motor for example), with dissipation of the energy restored by the braking in a wound inductance around of a magnetic circuit.
- an electromechanical machine a three-phase motor for example
- FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that the resistor Rf of dissipation of the braking energy is replaced by an inductance Lf wound around a circuit. 4.
- the resistor Rf of dissipation of the braking energy is replaced by an inductance Lf wound around a circuit. 4.
- inductance Lf wound around a circuit. 4.
- the energy recovered by the inductance Lf is dissipated by loss of hysteresis and eddy currents in the magnetic circuit 4.
- Figure 3 is an electrical diagram showing a second electric brake system according to the invention.
- the magnetic circuit 4 is common to the inductance L of the differential mode filter and to the inductance Lf of dissipation of the braking energy.
- the coils of the inductors L and Lf are coupled.
- the reference Ls denotes a saturable inductance, arranged in series with the inductance Lf, and intended to maintain the quality of the filtering.
- FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram showing a third electric brake system according to the invention.
- the magnetic circuit 4 is common to the inductance L of the differential mode filter and to the inductance Lf of dissipation of the braking energy.
- the inductance L of the differential mode filter then consists of two identical windings L 'and L''connected in series and each disposed on an outer leg of the portion of the E-shaped magnetic circuit.
- the inductance Lf for dissipating the braking energy is wound on the central leg of the portion of the E-shaped magnetic circuit.
- the magnetic flux flowing in the outer legs of the part of magnetic circuit E-shaped are in opposite directions (see the clear arrows in Figure 5). There is therefore no electrical voltage generated across the differential mode filter inductor L.
- FIG. 6 is an electrical diagram showing a fourth electric brake system according to the invention.
- the magnetic circuit 4 is common to the inductance L of the differential mode filter and to the inductance Lf of dissipation of the braking energy.
- a capacitor Cf is added in series with the inductance Lf.
- the value of the capacitor Cf is chosen to form a resonant circuit (for a frequency of about 20 kHz) with the inductance Lf.
- it is therefore a series resonant circuit, however we can consider a parallel resonant circuit.
- the advantage of this variant lies in the reduction of losses in the electronic brake switch and in the moderation of the level of electromagnetic interference.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a magnetic circuit equipped with inductors, usable in the electric brake system according to the invention.
- the magnetic circuit 10 comprises two C-shaped portions 11 and 12 whose respective ends are facing each other.
- the material of the magnetic circuit is of the FeSi type at the rate of 3% Si by weight.
- An air gap of non-magnetic material 13 (for example air, an electrical insulator) is provided between the ends of the parts 11 and 12 opposite in order to avoid saturation.
- the filtering and energy dissipation inductances are each distributed in two windings as shown in FIG. 7.
- the filtering inductance is firstly wound. It comprises a first coil L1 and a second coil L2 connected in series.
- the dissipation inductance is then wound. It comprises a first winding LfI and a second winding Lf2 connected in series.
- the dimensions of the magnetic circuit may be as follows:
- the characteristics of the inductance of the differential mode filter are, for example: 240 ⁇ H, 50 A max, 10 A continuous, resistance 40 m ⁇ , 28 turns.
- the characteristics of the dissipation inductance are for example: 15 ⁇ H, 50 A average, 150 A peak, resistance 2.5 m ⁇ , 7 turns.
- This magnetic circuit equipped with these inductors allows application on a DC bus of 300 V, 15 kW, 10 kJ. This means that the braking ramp-up time is 15 kW in 10 ⁇ s. With a peak induction of 0.75 T, it is possible to dissipate 15800 W with a PWV (pulse width modulation) control 300 V at 23 kHz controlling 150 A peak for 50 A average.
- PWV pulse width modulation
- the magnetic circuit is able to absorb 10 kJ in pulse mode .
- phase change materials may be considered.
- the magnetic circuit can be equipped with its own cooling system.
- FIG. 8 illustrates how to dispose a magnetic circuit that can be used in the electric brake system according to the invention, in a housing housing the electric brake system.
- the magnetic circuit 20 comprises two parts: a C-shaped portion 21 and a portion 22
- the parts 21 and 22 are assembled to close the magnetic circuit with interposition of a gap 23 of non-magnetic and non-conductive material.
- the filter inductance has two series-connected windings L1 and L2, the dissipation inductance having two series-connected windings LF1 and LF2.
- the structure obtained is fixed to the wall 24 of the housing by means 25 having a suitable thermal resistance.
- This arrangement makes it possible, in the event of a strong pulse of braking energy, to progressively dissipate the heat generated towards the wall of the housing. Fixing can be done by gluing.
- the invention provides a significant gain in mass and volume, especially if the communalisation with the differential mode filtering inductance is possible. The use of high temperature magnetic material would further increase this gain.
- the invention also provides a significant gain in reliability and in service life thanks to excellent resistance to thermal cycling.
- the main advantage of the solution lies in the flexibility of management of the dissipated energy thanks to the innumerable possibilities of adaptation of the magnetic circuit with respect to the electronic unit.
- the optimization of the thermal conditions of the whole is easier.
- the lower limit of interest should be around a few tens of watts.
- the braking power control loop which regulates the DC bus voltage, becomes more efficient in terms of stability margin and reaction time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
- Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0857726A FR2938716B1 (fr) | 2008-11-14 | 2008-11-14 | Systeme de frein electrique a pertes magnetiques |
| PCT/EP2009/065014 WO2010055074A1 (fr) | 2008-11-14 | 2009-11-12 | Système de frein électrique a pertes magnétiques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2356738A1 true EP2356738A1 (fr) | 2011-08-17 |
| EP2356738B1 EP2356738B1 (fr) | 2012-10-24 |
Family
ID=40863595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09749128A Active EP2356738B1 (fr) | 2008-11-14 | 2009-11-12 | Système de frein électrique a pertes magnétiques |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8487560B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2356738B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5550655B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102217188B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0921458B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2743042C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2395753T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2938716B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2526848C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010055074A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2970682B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-01-11 | Renault Sas | Procede de pilotage d'un moyen de recuperation de l'energie generee au freinage d'un vehicule automobile |
| FR3042659B1 (fr) | 2015-10-20 | 2018-09-28 | Labinal Power Systems | Demarreur-generateur de turbomachine a machine electrique asynchrone multi-enroulements |
| RU2715821C1 (ru) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-03-03 | Владимир Андреевич Коровин | Устройство для поглощения энергии торможения машины с электрическим приводом |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1246310A1 (ru) * | 1984-10-11 | 1986-07-23 | Донецкий Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнический Институт | Устройство дл торможени асинхронного электродвигател |
| SU1515309A1 (ru) * | 1987-11-20 | 1989-10-15 | Донецкий политехнический институт | Устройство дл торможени асинхронного двигател |
| DE19611401C2 (de) * | 1996-03-22 | 2000-05-31 | Danfoss As | Frequenzumrichter für einen Elektromotor |
| US6075332A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2000-06-13 | Mccann; Roy A. | Predictive conductive angle motor control system for brake-by-wire application |
| JP2001161091A (ja) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-12 | Ito Denki Kk | モータローラの制御方法 |
| JP2002175750A (ja) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | リレーの溶着検出装置 |
| JP3618697B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-11 | 2005-02-09 | リョービ株式会社 | 電動工具のスイッチ回路 |
| TWI221806B (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2004-10-11 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries | Injection molding machine and method of protecting the injection molding machine |
| DE20311104U1 (de) * | 2003-07-19 | 2003-09-18 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh, 83301 Traunreut | Umrichter mit Dämpfungseinrichtung zur Vermeidung von Resonanzen |
| US7724549B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2010-05-25 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Integrated power conditioning system and housing for delivering operational power to a motor |
| RU2361357C2 (ru) * | 2007-08-07 | 2009-07-10 | ОАО "Электровыпрямитель" | Устройство для управления асинхронным электродвигателем транспортного средства |
| US8007709B2 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2011-08-30 | Xaloy, Incorporated | Synchronized temperature contol of plastic processing equipment |
| US20090057300A1 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2009-03-05 | Xaloy Incorporated | Heating system for plastic processing equipment having a profile gap |
-
2008
- 2008-11-14 FR FR0857726A patent/FR2938716B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-11-12 BR BRPI0921458A patent/BRPI0921458B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2009-11-12 JP JP2011536005A patent/JP5550655B2/ja active Active
- 2009-11-12 WO PCT/EP2009/065014 patent/WO2010055074A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-11-12 ES ES09749128T patent/ES2395753T3/es active Active
- 2009-11-12 CN CN200980145756.2A patent/CN102217188B/zh active Active
- 2009-11-12 RU RU2011123754/07A patent/RU2526848C2/ru active
- 2009-11-12 CA CA2743042A patent/CA2743042C/fr active Active
- 2009-11-12 US US13/129,200 patent/US8487560B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-12 EP EP09749128A patent/EP2356738B1/fr active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010055074A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5550655B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
| CA2743042A1 (fr) | 2010-05-20 |
| BRPI0921458B1 (pt) | 2019-12-24 |
| CA2743042C (fr) | 2016-10-11 |
| US8487560B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
| FR2938716B1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 |
| WO2010055074A1 (fr) | 2010-05-20 |
| CN102217188B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
| BRPI0921458A2 (pt) | 2016-01-12 |
| BRPI0921458A8 (pt) | 2017-12-12 |
| FR2938716A1 (fr) | 2010-05-21 |
| RU2526848C2 (ru) | 2014-08-27 |
| RU2011123754A (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
| CN102217188A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
| ES2395753T3 (es) | 2013-02-14 |
| US20110254475A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| EP2356738B1 (fr) | 2012-10-24 |
| JP2012509052A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
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