EP2351148A1 - Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure - Google Patents
Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2351148A1 EP2351148A1 EP09736214A EP09736214A EP2351148A1 EP 2351148 A1 EP2351148 A1 EP 2351148A1 EP 09736214 A EP09736214 A EP 09736214A EP 09736214 A EP09736214 A EP 09736214A EP 2351148 A1 EP2351148 A1 EP 2351148A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pantographs
- membranes
- membrane
- antenna
- deployed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/08—Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
- H01Q15/161—Collapsible reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
- H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a deployable structure supporting at least one membrane and more particularly its use in an antennal system whose membranes constitute the main radiating structure and in particular those that can be embedded on a satellite system.
- Deployable structures are frequently used on satellites to meet congestion requirements under headgear during launch.
- Deployable is a structure whose stored volume is less than the volume after deployment.
- Deployable structures are particularly suitable for the mechanical design of antennas, whose area projected in a given direction expressed in wavelengths strongly conditions the radiation performance.
- the membrane antennas Associated with a carrier structure and a deployment system, the membrane antennas have the advantage of being of a small footprint when they are in storage configuration.
- These antennas also generally have a substantially lower weight than rigid antennas of equivalent size.
- the storage volume must be compatible with under-the-head layout constraints.
- the carrier structure and the associated deployment mechanism must provide sufficient rigidity to obtain a good surface condition, the latter feature having a direct impact on the electromagnetic performance of the antenna.
- the gain of the antenna is degraded when the surface state is not in conformity.
- Unwanted radiation side lobes, backward radiation, cross polarization
- the nonconformity of the surface condition may be due to the accuracy of the supporting structure itself or the mechanical forces and vibrations undergone.
- beat phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the antenna can substantially affect the surface state.
- the quality of the surface condition and the possible relative positioning of the membranes is generally defined in proportion to the wavelength. Typically, a precision of the order of one twentieth of the wavelength is necessary.
- the choice of the carrier structure is therefore particularly important not to lead to mechanical oversizing, resulting in increased weight and bulk.
- a deployable membrane antenna must satisfy several constraints: a small bulk in storage configuration, a large size in deployed configuration, a precise holding structure and which is more capable of withstanding mechanical forces, and a reduced mass compared to its equivalent in rigid technologies.
- the invention relates to a deployable structure for obtaining a membrane antenna with a large radiating aperture while maintaining a low storage volume.
- the structure of the invention offers additional rigidity compared to deployable antennas of known type, in particular to minimize the effects of flapping in the direction orthogonal to the plane of the antenna.
- the structure of the invention makes it possible to ensure a good surface state of the deployed membranes by the addition of transverse bars on which the membrane or membranes rest.
- the invention relates to a deployable structure comprising: a plurality of membranes supporting at least one printed element having the antenna function; a plurality of pantographs for deploying the membranes.
- each membrane is supported by two pantographs opposite, identical and arranged on either side of the membrane they support.
- the deployment of each membrane takes place in a general direction which is vertical to the base of the structure and more specifies in a direction that corresponds to that given by the shape of the pantographs implemented.
- the shape of the deployed structure is given by the profile of the pantographs: straight, parabolic or such that the deployed structure has a hexagonal or trapezoidal shape.
- such a structure can have a height of two meters and more depending on the mechanical constraints, weight and flatness required specific to the targeted application, and more particularly to the operating frequency.
- the invention relates to an antenna system comprising a deployable structure according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the invention relates to a satellite system comprising at least one antenna system according to the second aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a deployable structure according to the invention used in a antennasystem of the direct radiation network type
- FIG. 3 illustrates a deployable structure according to the invention used in an antenna system of reflector or transmitter network type powered by a radiating element vis-a-vis;
- FIG. 4 illustrates two deployable structures according to the invention used in a antennasystem of the direct radiation network type
- FIG. 5 illustrates a deployable structure according to the invention used in an antenna system comprising a plurality of reflector or transmitter networks in an arrangement said in a pallet with a radiating element facing each other by means of a network
- FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c illustrate several configurations of deployed membranes with different profiles for the pantographs facing each other;
- FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate the deployment principle of a pantograph used to deploy the support structure
- FIG. 9 illustrates a pantograph extending in a direction with a parabolic profile
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates a satellite 10 comprising two deployable structures 11. In storage configuration, the deployable structures are folded over the central portion 12 of the satellite.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a deployed structure 11, comprising two M membranes, used in an antennasystem of the direct radiation network type.
- each membrane M directly emit the energy transmitted to them by the appropriate power supply circuit, usually also printed.
- the structure deployed in this example has a parallelepipedal shape.
- the pantographs 20 are arranged in parallel manner, on either side of the membranes M to be deployed.
- transverse bars 21 for connecting the pantographs in particular to the ends of the structure. Thanks to these crossbars the mechanical strength of the structure is guaranteed.
- These transverse bars 21 also contribute to the flatness of the membranes M.
- the entire bearing structure including pantograph 20 and transverse bars 21, can be made with standard materials in space applications of aluminum or carbon type. It should be noted that the structure naturally offers a controllable dimension in the direction orthogonal to the main plane of the antenna.
- This dimension is controllable in that it depends directly on the dimensioning of the pantograph.
- This aspect makes it possible to ensure a good relative positioning of the different necessary membranes.
- the membranes M make it possible to include all the radio-frequency functions of known type and necessary for the use of this structure in an antennal system of the direct radiation network type, reflector network or transmitting network, also called lens.
- a membrane M can act as a ground plane, while another comprises the radiating elements.
- the ground plane makes it possible in particular to minimize the backward radiation, which is usually undesired for operating modes of the direct radiation network or reflector network type.
- the printed elements do not require a ground plane.
- the supply circuit or additional stacked type radiators may optionally be printed on one or more additional membranes.
- the advantage of printing the supply circuit on a separate membrane is to reduce the coupling with the radiating elements and thus improve the overall performance of the antenna, while the stacked type of radiating structures usually expand the frequency band.
- membrane By membrane is meant a flexible material of relatively thin thickness radially electrically on which it is possible to make a metallization deposit (copper for example) to achieve patterns corresponding to radio-frequency functions mentioned above.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an unfolded structure 11 similar to that of FIG. 2 used in an antennal system of the reflector or lens network type further comprising a plurality of printed patterns R disposed on each membrane M and a source S placed opposite.
- the electromagnetic energy is radiated by the source S and is reflected or transmitted by the network of printed elements.
- reflective networks in English, "reflect array”
- transmitter networks or lenses in English, “transmit array” or “lens”
- flat surface comparable to those of a reflector antenna of parabolic shape known to focus the energy and thus theoretically ensure maximum antenna directivity.
- the reflector arrays and lenses as described above are advantageous in that a planar surface is generally simpler to achieve than a surface formed for a given surface surface precision.
- the reflector or transmitter network consists of a plurality of elementary patterns whose shape changes the phase of the reflection coefficient or transmission respectively.
- the phase of the reflection or transmission coefficient respectively must compensate for the phase shift induced by the difference of electrical paths between a flat surface and the parabolic surface having its focus at the source S.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a deployable structure comprising two membranes M, each membrane comprises several reflectors R 1 , R 2, R 3 , R 4 are printed in a so-called pallet arrangement.
- Each source Si, S 2 , S 3 , S 4 is respectively associated with a reflector R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and is pointed in its direction.
- Figures 6a, 6b, 6c illustrate different possible orientations for the two pantographs for deploying the structure.
- FIG. 6a makes it possible to obtain a parallelepiped-shaped expanded structure already described above.
- This arrangement has the advantage of having rigid transverse bars, as opposed to the other orientations envisaged.
- this orientation allows forms of highly rectangular antennas, allowing a significant directivity along an axis only.
- This mode of radiation is regularly used in radar and radiometer applications.
- the type of antenna associated is usually a direct radiation network, but a reflector or transmitter network mode of operation can also be envisaged for certain specific applications.
- Figure 6b provides a deployed structure in the form of hexagon.
- This form of structure is interesting for increasing the directivity of the antenna while having a geometric similarity between the two main axes defining the plane of the antenna.
- This last feature allows sectional diagrams of radiant field distant strongly similar in the two main orthogonal planes of the antenna, interesting property for some applications as in telecommunications for example.
- This shape may have an interest in direct or indirect radiation mode (reflector network or lens).
- Figure 6c provides an expanded trapezoidal structure.
- This form of structure is interesting for a pallet type antenna implantation as described above (see FIG. 5). Indeed, in this type of configuration, the most remote reflectors or lenses generally need to have a larger diameter in order to compensate for certain phenomena of radio frequency losses (overflow losses or degraded surface efficiency).
- the deployment is always carried out in a direction perpendicular to the base of the structure.
- the deployment sequence requires extensible transverse bars.
- Figure 7 illustrates a side view of a deployed structure with pantographs 20 with a parabolic or circular profile.
- Such profiles make it possible to improve the radio-frequency performance of the antenna in reflector network configuration. More precisely, they make it possible to widen the bandwidth of the antenna by reducing the electrical path differences between the actual shape of the antenna and the equivalent parabola. As a result, the phase shift required at the level of the radiating elements that reflect the electromagnetic energy emitted by the source is less important.
- Figures 8a, 8b illustrate the deployment of a pantograph 20.
- a pantograph consists of a plurality of rigid strands 200, 201 arranged in scissors and such that a tightening of the base produces an elongation of the pantograph.
- Figure 8a shows a pantograph 20 in stored configuration
- Figure 8b shows the same pantograph 20 in deployed configuration.
- pantograph in question is said to be regular in that all the constituent strands have the same length.
- Figure 9 illustrates a pantograph with a parabolic profile.
- the pantograph Due to its nature, the pantograph has a greater rigidity in the plane containing it. On the other hand, it may be subject to beat phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane containing it.
- the proposed structure has a good arrangement of these pantographs ensuring better mechanical strength of the assembly.
- pantographs minimize the flapping phenomena in the direction orthogonal to the plane containing the membrane or membranes, while the assembly consisting of the opposite arrangement and the transverse bars ensures a good mechanical strength in the plane.
- pantographs For a detailed geometric description of pantographs, see A. Kaveh, A. Davaran, "Analysis of Pantograph Foldable Structures", August 1994.
- FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c illustrate the deployment of the complete supporting structure, comprising the two facing pantographs 20 and the transverse bars 21.
- the carrier structure changes from the stored state to the fully deployed state.
- This deployment can be carried out in a known manner either by a motor in rotation associated with a mechanism based on son whose winding produces a tension to lengthen the pantograph or by a motor producing a linear displacement of one of the ends. pantograph base.
- the other end at the base of the pantograph is attached to the interface with the satellite via a pivot link.
- the membranes M may for example be attached to the pantographs 20 by tensioning systems. They can also be attached at the cross bars.
- the membrane in the storage position can either be left free - it folds then following the carrier structure - or be wrapped around a suitable structure at the base of the pantograph.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0856944A FR2937186B1 (fr) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure. |
PCT/EP2009/063415 WO2010043652A1 (fr) | 2008-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2351148A1 true EP2351148A1 (fr) | 2011-08-03 |
EP2351148B1 EP2351148B1 (fr) | 2013-11-13 |
Family
ID=40668129
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09736214.9A Active EP2351148B1 (fr) | 2008-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Structure deployable et systeme antennaire a membranes comprenant une telle structure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2351148B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2445694T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2937186B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010043652A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11411318B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2022-08-09 | Eagle Technology, Llc | Satellite antenna having pantographic trusses and associated methods |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3032763A (en) * | 1958-12-19 | 1962-05-01 | Carlyle J Sletten | Stretch array for scanning |
GB2120857B (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1985-10-30 | British Aerospace | Reflectors |
IT1162948B (it) * | 1983-09-30 | 1987-04-01 | Aeritalia Spa | Braccio estensibile particolarmente per veicoli o moduli spaziali |
US5227808A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1993-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Wide-band L-band corporate fed antenna for space based radars |
-
2008
- 2008-10-14 FR FR0856944A patent/FR2937186B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-10-14 ES ES09736214.9T patent/ES2445694T3/es active Active
- 2009-10-14 EP EP09736214.9A patent/EP2351148B1/fr active Active
- 2009-10-14 WO PCT/EP2009/063415 patent/WO2010043652A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010043652A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11411318B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2022-08-09 | Eagle Technology, Llc | Satellite antenna having pantographic trusses and associated methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2445694T3 (es) | 2014-03-04 |
EP2351148B1 (fr) | 2013-11-13 |
FR2937186B1 (fr) | 2010-11-12 |
FR2937186A1 (fr) | 2010-04-16 |
WO2010043652A1 (fr) | 2010-04-22 |
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