EP2350350A1 - Procede de preparation d'une electrode pour la production d'hydrogene - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'une electrode pour la production d'hydrogeneInfo
- Publication number
- EP2350350A1 EP2350350A1 EP09768132A EP09768132A EP2350350A1 EP 2350350 A1 EP2350350 A1 EP 2350350A1 EP 09768132 A EP09768132 A EP 09768132A EP 09768132 A EP09768132 A EP 09768132A EP 2350350 A1 EP2350350 A1 EP 2350350A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- polyoxometalate
- electrode
- binder
- positive charges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrode. It typically, but not exclusively, applies to electrode domains for the electrochemical production of hydrogen.
- FR 2,573,779 describes a process for preparing an activated electrode for the production of hydrogen, said electrode being obtained by contacting an electrode constituted by a vitreous carbon in an acidic medium with a dilute aqueous solution of a polyoxometallate as per For example SiWi 2 O 4 OH 4 , then carrying said electrode at a cathode potential sufficient to obtain a reduced form of the polyoxometalate.
- This method uses an inexpensive material, but it is carried out with a negative potential that requires a large amount of electrical energy.
- this process requires the exclusive use of very acidic media (pH close to 0) and it is not possible to optimize the thickness of the catalyst film obtained by this method, the effectiveness of the catalyst depending on said thickness. .
- the patent application US 2006/141334 also describes a catalytic electrode for the adsorption of carbon monoxide CO or the oxidation of methanol.
- the electrode comprises in particular a partial salt of a solid heteropoly acid doped with a noble metal such as, for example, with Pt or Ru or with a transition metal and having a molecular weight ranging from 800 to 10,000.
- This polyacid may be applied on the surface of a carbon electrode, in the form of a mixture with organic or inorganic binder.
- Example 1 a powder consisting of a mixture of a heteropoly acid of formula Na 5 H 3 [PtW 6 O 24 ).
- xH 2 O co-ground with acetylene black is dispersed in a 5% solution of Nafion in a solvent whose nature is not specified.
- the mixture is then applied to a glassy carbon electrode and then dried at room temperature.
- the electrode thus obtained can then be used for the oxidation of methanol.
- the electrode is not active with respect to the reduction of protons to dihydrogen. Indeed, when this electrode is tested in cyclic voltammetry (used to test the activity of all electrodes vis-à-vis their ability to reduce protons) only characteristic waves of polyoxometalates are observed (see for example Bineta Keita and Louis Nadjo, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1989, 22, 77-79).
- the patent application US 2006/141334 does not envisage the use of this type of electrodes for the production of hydrogen electrochemically.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing in particular a method for preparing an electrode using inexpensive materials, said electrode using relatively little electrical energy while having comparable performance. to a platinum electrode.
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrode comprising the steps of: i) preparing a dispersion of a polyoxometalate and a material conferring electronic conductivity and having positive charges in a solvent, ii) depositing the suspension obtained in step i on a carbon support, said support may be in the form of solid carbon or thin layers of carbon, iii) drying the suspension deposited from step ii, and iv) applying a binder on the dried suspension of step iii to obtain an electrode.
- the electrode according to the invention makes it possible to obtain pure hydrogen without any additional purification step.
- the polyoxometalate is a cation and a polyanion.
- the polyanion can be represented by the formula [M m O y ] p ⁇ or the formula
- M is a transition metal, preferably selected from W, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, Zn or a mixture of these metals;
- X is a transition metal or a non-metallic element, preferably selected from P, As, Sb, Bi,
- the cation is selected from H + , NH 4 + , alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, and transition metal cations.
- the cation is preferably chosen from H + , NH 4 + , Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ,
- PW PWi 2 O 40
- the material conferring electronic conductivity and having positive charges is a carbonaceous material prepared before step i by thermal treatment of a carbon, the heat treatment being preferably carried out at a temperature of minus 900 ° C. More particularly, the heat treatment is subjected to a carbon which is in the form of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, vitreous carbon, carbon felt, or carbon nanoparticles.
- the carbon thus heat-treated can be milled.
- the polyoxometalate may be co-treated with the heat-treated carbon.
- the solvent of step i may be an organic solvent, preferably a solvent chosen from isopropanol, ethanol, and dimethylformamide.
- the mass content of polyoxometalate is at least equal to the carbon content in the suspension obtained in step i.
- the volume content of the binder is at least 75% in the suspension obtained in step i.
- the electronic conductivity conferring material having positive charges is a metal oxide bearing positive charges.
- Metal oxide means a metal oxide as such not bearing positive charges
- Metal-charged metal oxide means a metal oxide with positive charges on its surface.
- the metal oxide used as material conferring electronic conductivity may be chosen from oxides which are stable in aqueous medium and have good electrical conductivity. It is advantageously chosen from partially oxidized titanium, titanium dioxide TiO 2 in powder or mass, indium oxide doped with tin (ITO), tin dioxide SnO 2 . According to a preferred embodiment, the metal oxide and the polyoxometalate are cobroyed before step i.
- the polyoxometallate mass content of step i may advantageously be at least 25% greater than the mass content of the metal oxide used for the preparation of the material conferring electronic conductivity and comprising positive charges.
- the volume content of the binder may advantageously be at least 25% and at most 50% in the suspension obtained in step i.
- the metal oxide carrying positive charges is obtained in situ, during the dispersion of the polyoxometalate and the metal oxide in a solvent.
- the solvent of step i is an aqueous acidic solution with a pH of less than or equal to 5, preferably less than or equal to 1.
- an aqueous acid solution of an aqueous solution of HClO 4 .
- the metal oxide carrying positive charges is obtained prior to step i.
- the metal oxide is coated with a polymer having positive charges before dispersion in the solvent according to step i.
- the polymer comprising positive charges may be chosen from polyvinylpyridine, polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and poly (diallyldimethylammonium).
- the solvent of stage i may be an aqueous acidic solution with a pH of less than or equal to 5, preferably less than or equal to 2.
- an acidic aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 may be mentioned as acidic aqueous solution.
- the binder used in step iv may typically be an organic binder, preferably a polymeric binder, for imparting mechanical properties to the electrode.
- the binder is a fluorinated polymer, preferably selected from copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene sulfonated hydrogenated (eg Nafion ® hydrogenated marketed by Aldrich), and any polymer can be used as proton exchange membrane.
- Stable polyoxometalates mid acids are for example H 2 O 3 PWi 4O
- the binder may be selected from copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene sulfonated unhydrogenated (eg Nafion ® unhydrogenated marketed by Aldrich).
- the stable polyoxometalates in a neutral medium are, for example
- the basic stable polyoxometalates are, for example, (NH 4 ) 6 H 2 W 12 O 40 (H 2 W), K 9
- the preparation method according to the invention may further comprise a step of immersing the electrode obtained in step iv in a solution of an inorganic acid, in particular at a pH of less than or equal to 1, in order to desorb the excess. of polyoxometalate in the electrode.
- the dispersion of step i can be carried out by any type of technique well known to those skilled in the art such as for example using stirring using a magnetic bar or sonication , the latter technique being preferred since the dispersion is for a reduced duration.
- the carbon used is carbon powder marketed by Cabot under the reference Vulcan XC72
- the polyoxometalates are the products of formula H 3 PWi 2 O 4 O and H 4 SiWi 2 O 4 O marketed by the company VWR and the product of formula (NH 4 ) 6 H 2 Wi 2 O 40 marketed by Fluka.
- the metal oxide used is a TiO 2 titanium oxide powder sold by Merck Patinai, and the polyoxometalates are identical to those used in Example 1.
- the supernatant liquid is removed from the suspension obtained in the preceding step, 8 microliters of said suspension is deposited on a solid carbon electrode of 0.031 cm 2 , then air dried at room temperature for about 1 hour, then at 65 0 C for 10 hours. Is then applied to the surface of the dried slurry, 2 .mu.l of hydrogenated Nafion ® marketed by Aldrich acting as binder.
- An electrode was prepared by reproducing the procedure of Example 2, using the TiO 2 metal oxide previously coated with a thin layer of polyvinylpyridine with a thickness ranging from 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, and limiting the duration of the stirring phase to about 3 hours instead of 50 hours.
- each electrode is subjected to several cycles between +0.7 V and -0.6 V for carbon powders and between +0.7 V and -0.7 V for TiO 2 powders .
- the indicated potentials were measured against a saturated calomel electrode (SSC) with a potential sweep rate of between 1 and 100 mV.s -1 .
- SSC saturated calomel electrode
- Figure 1 shows the voltammogram of a PW12-carbon material (solid line curve) and SiW12-carbon material (dotted line).
- the intensity of the reduction current, in A.cm "2 , is given on the ordinate
- the potential, in V vs ECS, is given on the abscissa
- Figure 1 shows that the compound PW12-carbon is clearly more efficient for the production of the compound SIW12-carbon, the ratio of the reduction current intensities is about 3.4.
- FIG. 2 represents the voltammogram of a PW1 2-TiO 2 material
- FIG. 2 shows that the difference between the efficiency for the production of hydrogen of the compound PW1 2-TiO 2 and that of the compound SIW12-TiO 2 is lower.
- the ratio between the intensities of the reduction current is about 1.8.
- the cyclic voltammetry shows a current corresponding to the characteristic reversible waves of the polyoxometallate which is proportional to the sweep rate of the potential, as predicted by the theory.
- the electrodes elaborated according to Examples 1 to 4 fulfilled this condition. Indeed, in Examples 1 to 4, the respective curves representing the variation of the current as a function of the sweep rate of the potential are straight lines.
- the electrodes are carried at more negative potentials than those of these first reversible waves of polyoxometalate, we observe the wave which corresponds to the reduction of the protons in hydrogen. Cyclic voltammetry tests have shown that the efficiency of the electrode according to the invention with respect to the reduction of protons in hydrogen increases gradually during the first hours.
- final state of the electrode is the state from which the variations of the characteristics (current and overvoltage for the proton reduction) of the electrode are small.
- the tests carried out with the electrochemical methods have shown that the electrodes according to the invention continue to improve (increase of the current and decrease of the overvoltage of the proton reduction) slightly during the various electrochemical treatments (cyclic voltammetry, coulometry controlled potential (electrolysis), chronocoulometry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry).
- the ordinate at the origin (log i 0 , io being the exchange current) and the slope of the Tafel line are the kinetic parameters which allow the quantitative comparison of the different electrodes to the platinum electrodes.
- the log i and E are respectively the current and the overvoltage of the proton reduction reaction in hydrogen.
- the electrodes according to the invention are very stable in air or in acid solution.
- the preparation methods described in the present invention are simple, inexpensive and allow to easily fix the polyoxometalate on powders of a material conferring electronic conductivity.
- the electrodes made according to the present invention can be advantageously used as a substitute for existing platinum electrodes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0806168A FR2937979B1 (fr) | 2008-11-05 | 2008-11-05 | Procede de preparation d'une electrode pour la production d'hydrogene |
| PCT/FR2009/052120 WO2010052421A1 (fr) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-11-03 | Procede de preparation d'une electrode pour la production d'hydrogene |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2350350A1 true EP2350350A1 (fr) | 2011-08-03 |
| EP2350350B1 EP2350350B1 (fr) | 2015-04-15 |
Family
ID=40757032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09768132.4A Not-in-force EP2350350B1 (fr) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-11-03 | Procede de preparation d'une electrode pour la production d'hydrogene |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8613974B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2350350B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2937979B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010052421A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017007607A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Articles photochromiques contenant un polyoxométallate, et procédés pour leur fabrication et leur utilisation |
| CN105261739B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-08-25 | 扬州大学 | 聚苯胺磷钨酸复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN108611657B (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2020-06-19 | 北京化工大学 | 一种含氮钴钼的纳米碳纤维电化学催化剂的合成及应用 |
| CN111254475A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种在钛基体上生长二氧化钛纳米管的方法 |
| US11725293B2 (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2023-08-15 | The Florida International University Board Of Trustees | Polyoxometalate derivatized metal oxide electrodes |
| CN116826003B (zh) * | 2023-07-20 | 2024-11-26 | 成都佰思格科技有限公司 | 一种复合负极材料及其制备方法与钠离子电池 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2573779B1 (fr) | 1984-11-28 | 1987-08-28 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Nouvelles electrodes activees a l'aide d'heteropolyacides, leur preparation et leur application, notamment comme cathodes pour l'electrolyse de l'eau en milieu acide |
| WO2004045009A1 (fr) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-05-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Catalyseur pour pile à combustible et son électrode |
| US20100098877A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2010-04-22 | Cooper Christopher H | Large scale manufacturing of nanostructured material |
| ITMI20060726A1 (it) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-13 | De Nora Elettrodi S P A | Elettrodo a diffusione gassosa per celle a percolazione di elettrolita |
| US7910263B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2011-03-22 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrode including a heteropoly acid additive for fuel cell, membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell including same, and fuel cell system including the same |
-
2008
- 2008-11-05 FR FR0806168A patent/FR2937979B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-11-03 US US13/127,083 patent/US8613974B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-03 WO PCT/FR2009/052120 patent/WO2010052421A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-11-03 EP EP09768132.4A patent/EP2350350B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010052421A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010052421A1 (fr) | 2010-05-14 |
| EP2350350B1 (fr) | 2015-04-15 |
| US20110212259A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
| FR2937979A1 (fr) | 2010-05-07 |
| FR2937979B1 (fr) | 2010-12-24 |
| US8613974B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
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