EP2348956A1 - Dispositif et procede de mesure optique de transmission et de diffusion de milieux oculaires - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de mesure optique de transmission et de diffusion de milieux oculairesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2348956A1 EP2348956A1 EP09741387A EP09741387A EP2348956A1 EP 2348956 A1 EP2348956 A1 EP 2348956A1 EP 09741387 A EP09741387 A EP 09741387A EP 09741387 A EP09741387 A EP 09741387A EP 2348956 A1 EP2348956 A1 EP 2348956A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tissue
- optical
- image
- eye
- pattern
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 37
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001742 aqueous humor Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 28
- 210000000695 crystalline len Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004453 corneal transparency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4785—Standardising light scatter apparatus; Standards therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for optical measurement of the transmission and diffusion of ocular media of the anterior segment of the eye.
- ocular media may be solid media such as cornea or corneal graft, sclera, crystalline lens or liquid media such as aqueous humor or vitreous.
- the surgery of the anterior segment of the eye concerns in particular the corneal transplants.
- Tens of thousands of corneal transplants are performed each year in developed countries.
- the pathological cornea of the patient is removed and replaced with a corneal graft from a donor.
- a significant number of corneas are collected from donors.
- these collected corneas undergo a number of biological, chemical and physical tests.
- the grafts are then preserved in a storage liquid near the eye banks until they are implanted.
- the cornea can be likened to a slightly divergent lens that participates in the formation of the image on the retina.
- the optical quality of donor grafts is usually macroscopically controlled transparently by an ophthalmologist eye surgeon. However, this assessment is subjective and may vary from one stakeholder to another.
- the various eye banks are exchanged grafts, but do not have standardized procedures for measurement.
- a device for measuring the transmission of corneal grafts is described in L. Ventura et al, Portable Light Transmission Measuring System for Corneal Corneas, BioMedical Engineering OnLine 4: 70 (2005).
- This system measures the intensity of an optical beam transmitted by a sample by integrating this intensity spatially over the entire illuminated surface and spectrally over a spectral range of 400 to 700 nm.
- This measurement is standardized using an identical measurement without sample to obtain transmittance of the cornea.
- This simple system thus makes it possible to quickly measure the optical transmission of a corneal graft and to classify the corneas into different categories according to this transmittance.
- this The system measures transmittance only but does not provide information on possible diffusion of the measured cornea.
- the cornea is a fragile organic medium that can degrade in vivo or after removal in a liquid conservation.
- the cornea or corneal graft absorbs too much water, the cornea or graft can become oedematous.
- the cornea then has diffusion not only on the surface but also in volume. It is important to sort the grafts in order not to transplant grafts with a risk of edema for the patient. It therefore seems necessary to measure not only the transmittance but also the diffusion of each potential corneal graft.
- WO / 2004/089200 discloses a device for measuring in vivo the optical quality of the anterior segment of the eye of a patient.
- This device measures an optical beam transmitted and / or reflected by the successive interfaces of the cornea and the lens. More precisely, this device forms the image of a series of ten dashed parallel lines after refraction / reflection of the incident beam.
- the lines are of identical length on the same line and different from one line to another.
- the length of the smallest lines corresponds to the maximum resolution of the anterior segment of the eye while the length of the longest strokes is about ten times that of the smaller ones.
- the image of the lines is analyzed to determine a modulation transfer function of the anterior segment of the eye as a function of the ten spatial frequencies of the series of lines.
- a publication by P. Gain mentions a corneal graft image analysis apparatus for measuring transparency (T), counting folds (to go back to the degree (F) and degree of gerontoxon, that is, the diameter of the section central clear of the cornea (G).
- T is the ratio between the local contrast of the pattern
- F is the ratio of the average profile of the lines, each being measured with and without cornea.
- T, F and G an image can be classified by experts in three categories of quality.
- the invention mainly (but not exclusively) addresses the problem of optical characterization in transmission and diffusion of corneal grafts.
- a simple device for quantifying transmission and diffusion may also be useful in other applications than corneal grafts, especially in the measurement of other tissues of the anterior segment of the eye (sclera, lens, eyeball) .
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks and more particularly relates to a device and a method for optical measurement of the transmission and dissemination of tissue of the anterior segment of the eye.
- the device allows an objective evaluation of ocular environments even diffusing.
- the invention relates to an optical device for measuring the transmission and diffusion of a tissue of the anterior segment of an eye, said device comprising at least one light source capable of emitting a light beam, a suitable collimation optical system. directing the collimated light beam towards a tissue of the anterior segment of an eye to be measured, an optical pattern placed on the optical path between the collimating optical system and the anterior segment tissue, an imaging optical system capable of receiving a light beam transmitted by the test pattern and the anterior segment tissue and forming an image of the pattern on an image sensor and an image processing system capable of calculating a modulation transfer function of the tissue to from an image of the target through the fabric.
- the optical pattern comprises a set of alternately light and dark angular sectors distributed radially from a central point (O).
- the device of the invention comprises a spatial filter between the source and the optical collimation system.
- the measuring device of the invention may also comprise a light source capable of emitting a light beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths and a means wavelength filtering to measure the transmission and diffusion of tissue from the anterior segment of an eye as a function of wavelength.
- the device of the invention comprises a sample support capable of receiving a tissue of the anterior segment of an eye from among the following: cornea, corneal graft, crystalline lens, sclera, aqueous humor, vitreous body.
- the device advantageously comprises a comparator able to compare the modulation transfer function of a tissue from the anterior segment of an eye to a set of reference curves.
- the invention also relates to a method for measuring the transmission and diffusion of a tissue of the anterior segment of an eye comprising the following steps:
- the measurement method comprises the following image processing steps:
- the measurement method comprises the following image processing steps:
- the measurement method comprises the following image processing steps:
- the present invention also relates to the features which will emerge in the course of the description which follows and which will have to be considered individually or in all their technically possible combinations.
- FIG. 1 shows the diagram of a measuring device according to the invention
- FIG. 2A represents the diagram of a radial modulation optical pattern used in a device of the invention
- FIG. 2B illustrates a first image of the test pattern using the device of the invention in the absence of a sample to be measured
- FIG. 2C illustrates a second image of the test pattern using the device of the invention in the presence of a sample.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a transformation of the detected image into polar coordinates ( ⁇ , r);
- Figure 4 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of a measurement of the modulation rate for a given radius r, by adjusting a sinusoidal curve to the detected modulation signal;
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a measurement result of the modulation rate as a function of the modulation spatial frequency
- FIG. 6 illustrates the one-dimensional conversion of a matrix of polar coordinates (r, ⁇ ) into spatial frequencies (v, ⁇ );
- FIG. 7 illustrates the representation of an intermediate step of the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a measurement curve of the modulation transfer function as a function of the spatial frequency
- FIG. 9 represents a simulation of measurement of increasing diffusion samples (a, b, c, d, e) and processed according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 10 represents the harmonic modulation analysis results for the various samples a) to e) of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 represents the modulation transfer function curves of samples a) to e) as a function of the spatial frequencies of modulation of the test pattern
- FIG. 12 shows the normalized modulation transfer function curves of samples a) to e) as a function of the spatial frequencies of modulation of the pattern.
- the device comprises a lighting branch of the sample 7 through a pattern 6 and an imaging branch of the test pattern through the sample.
- the lighting system comprises a light source 1, provided for example with a diffuser, an optical system 2, a spatial filtering system 3 and a collimating lens 4.
- the light source which illuminates the light source sample may cover all or part of the visible and near infrared spectrum or be monochromatic. This lighting system makes it possible to uniformly illuminate a pattern 6. Uniform illumination can be achieved for example by K ⁇ hler geometry. If the light source does not emit uniformly, an optical diffuser can be used.
- a possible embodiment can allow the choice of the wavelength by introduction of filters or selection of one between several sources (blue, green, red LEDs, ...) to determine the transparency as a function of the spectral range.
- the optical pattern 6 is preferably modulated radially by a set of angular sectors whose transmission coefficient is alternately high and low. Such a pattern thus comprises a continuous set of spatial modulation frequencies, these spatial frequencies varying monotonically as a function of the distance to the center of the pattern.
- the spatial frequency of modulation is higher at center of the target (O).
- the target 6 is advantageously centrosymmetric. This is preferably a test pattern known as the "Siemens test pattern". The regular centro-symmetrical nature of the pattern facilitates its alignment on the optical axis of the device.
- the sample 7 to be measured is placed just behind the target 6 or in a conjugate plane. More particularly, the device can be used to determine the transparency of the various media of the anterior segment of the eye, including the cornea. For this purpose, the sample 7 can be placed in a transparent sample holder filled with serum.
- the cornea to be measured can be mounted on a device resembling an "artificial chamber" to minimize the appearance of creases on the cornea, which would not be related to the intrinsic properties of the cornea.
- the imaging part can be performed according to one of the many standard schemes available in the literature.
- an optical system 9 makes it possible to obtain an image 22 of the test pattern on a camera 10.
- the imaging device comprises preferably corrective lens to compensate for the "lens" effect of the cornea.
- the device For each sample 7, the device preferably acquires two images: an image 21 of the target without the sample (FIG 2B) in order to have a reference measurement of all the components of the device (optical systems, source bright) and an image 22 with the sample in place (Fig. 2C), inserted into the optical bench with a suitable sample holder.
- the images 21, 22 acquired by the camera 10 are transmitted to an image processing system 11.
- These images 21, 22 may be pretreated to reduce noise, increase contrast, select and center the area of interest containing the pattern in the image.
- the centro-symmetrical structure of the pattern 6 facilitates the refocusing of the images, which can be done automatically.
- the refocusing is to refocus the image of the pattern with respect to the pixel image, whether in the case of the image 22 with sample or in the case of the image 21 without sample.
- the algorithms used in the following are sensitive to the proper positioning of the center of the test pattern at the "0" position in the center of the image.
- the images are then digitally processed according to one or the other of the following image processing methods.
- the three methods of processing the detected image include a Fourier transformation step (one or two dimensional) and Fourier space analysis. These processing methods detailed below make it possible to extract from images 21, 22 a measurement of the optical transfer function (MTF) module representative of both the transmission and dissemination of the measured ocular medium.
- MTF optical transfer function
- the MTF measurement of a sample is normalized to the MTF of the measuring device in the absence of the sample. This standardization makes it possible to eliminate possible defects in the optical system and thus to obtain "objective" information.
- the standard deviation of the MTF is eventually measured.
- the first method of image processing consists first of all in applying to image 22 a Fourier transformation operation (two-dimensional FFT) and then normalizing the result by the Fourier transform of image 21 without sample. More precisely, the two-dimensional figure obtained by FFT is projected onto a spatial frequency axis of modulation, which makes it possible to obtain a curve of the modulation transfer function (MTF) as a function of the spatial modulation frequencies.
- MTF modulation transfer function
- the cutoff frequency indicates the maximum resolution of the measured sample which is limited in particular by diffusion.
- the second method of image processing is schematically illustrated in Figures 3-5.
- the image 22 is analyzed in the real range by "rings" of average radius r whose modulated intensity is projected on a vector as a function of the angle ⁇ . This process is repeated for all r-rays inside the test pattern.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the filling of a vector matrix corresponding to the rays of the test pattern. Then, to each vector (line of the matrix) is applied a step of adjustment of a sinusoidal function (the frequency of the sinusoid is constant since the number of radii is fixed whatever the ring, the adjustment relates to the value of the offset and the amplitude of the sinus curve).
- a modulation rate is calculated for each spatial frequency (ie each ray analyzed, or each vector stored in the math) (Fig. 4).
- the modulation rate value associated with each spatial frequency is then reported, which makes it possible to obtain the modulus of the modulation transfer function of the studied fabric.
- This curve is normalized with respect to a sample-less MTF curve (Fig. 5).
- This method allows the identification of a possible annular opacification (gerontoxon) by a "signature" spectral (drop of a specific frequency band in the MTF).
- This method also allows the identification of a possible localized opacification by increasing the standard deviation for a frequency band corresponding to the distance from the opaque zone of the center of the test pattern.
- the third method of image processing is schematically illustrated in Figures 6-12.
- the image 22 is also analyzed by "rings" of average radius r whose intensity modulation is projected on a row vector of a matrix.
- the projection of the rings of variable radius r makes it possible to construct a matrix of values (cf Fig. 6).
- the radius r is then converted into spatial frequency.
- a one-dimensional digital Fourier transformation operation is applied to each row vector of the matrix M (v, ⁇ ) to obtain a matrix in the space of the spatial modulation frequencies M * (v, ⁇ ) ⁇ see FIG. 7).
- the profile can be displayed, which shows components at different frequencies: zero frequency, fundamental frequency (COD) and harmonics (3COD, 5COD ...) (see FIG. 7).
- COD fundamental frequency
- 3COD, 5COD harmonics
- the modulation transfer function curves are normalized to the "no sample” measurement (Fig. 12). This procedure can also be performed from harmonic frequencies, but the signals obtained will then be more noisy. This method also allows the identification of a possible annular opacification (gerontoxon) by a spectral "signature” (reduction of a specific frequency band in the MTF). This method also allows the identification of a possible localized opacification by increasing the standard deviation for a frequency band corresponding to the distance from the opaque zone of the center of the test pattern.
- image processing methods can be implemented using software such as MatLab, LabView or programs or libraries specialized in numerical computation and / or image processing.
- Signal processing ultimately includes a classification or standardization step with respect to existing classification systems.
- the MTF curves of the tissues obtained are compared with abacus curves for samples classified by an ophthalmologist surgeon. This classification can refer to one of the empirical classification systems cited in the literature.
- a quantitative value characterizing the quality of normalized MTF curves can also be determined. This can be done for example by comparing the measurements with a pre-calculated curve beam or by calculating the integral under the curve and normalizing it with respect to the "no sample" curve.
- the curves simulated here give the values respectively of 0.83 for the sample b); 0.68 for sample c); 0.43 for sample d) and 0.15 for sample e).
- a unique numerical value is thus determined which is representative of both the transmission coefficient of the sample and the diffusion of this sample.
- the invention thus makes it possible to classify solids, liquids and diffusing tissues, in particular tissues of the anterior segment of the eye, on the basis of a curve representative of their transmission and diffusion or as a function of a single parameter characteristic of each curve.
- the device further allows analysis at different spatial modulation frequencies using on the one hand the image of a specific optical pattern through the ocular medium to be measured and secondly an image processing device adapted to the calculation of the optical modulation transfer function of the medium to be measured.
- the optical pattern used and the processing system make it possible to accurately measure the element transfer function of the anterior segment of the eye as a function of a continuum of spatial modulation frequencies.
- the device is advantageously spectroscopic so as to be able to measure the diffusion as a function of the wavelength. It is known that the diffusion modes depend on the size of the scattering particles as well as the wavelength (diffusion of Mie, Rayleigh ). It is therefore interesting to be able to study the spectral variations of the diffusion to interpret its origin.
- the device of the invention is inexpensive. This device allows objective quantification of the transparency and diffusion of ocular tissues. The quantitative measure obtained may allow for a finer classification than the three categories of corneal transperence usually and subjectively defined by practitioners.
- the optical device of the invention is simple and can be automated to be used by an operator without requiring specific knowledge in ophthalmology.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0856011A FR2935803B1 (fr) | 2008-09-08 | 2008-09-08 | Dispositif et procede de mesure optique de transmission et de diffusion de milieux oculaires |
| PCT/FR2009/051693 WO2010026358A1 (fr) | 2008-09-08 | 2009-09-08 | Dispositif et procede de mesure optique de transmission et de diffusion de milieux oculaires |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2348956A1 true EP2348956A1 (fr) | 2011-08-03 |
Family
ID=40566300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09741387A Withdrawn EP2348956A1 (fr) | 2008-09-08 | 2009-09-08 | Dispositif et procede de mesure optique de transmission et de diffusion de milieux oculaires |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8398237B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2348956A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5575130B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2935803B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010026358A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120077330A (ko) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-10 | 삼성코닝정밀소재 주식회사 | 패턴드 유리기판 투과율 측정장치 |
| TWI536958B (zh) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-06-11 | 明達醫學科技股份有限公司 | 用於角膜量測的光學影像裝置以及角膜量測的方法 |
| CN103792072B (zh) * | 2014-02-18 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳市瑞凌焊接科技有限公司 | 一种自动变光焊接护目镜光漫射值测试系统及方法 |
| JP6570852B2 (ja) | 2015-03-20 | 2019-09-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 生体成分推定装置、生体成分推定方法、およびプログラム |
| US9495590B1 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-11-15 | Global Bionic Optics, Ltd. | Extended depth-of-field biometric system |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004089200A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-12 | 2004-10-21 | University College London Hospitals Nhs Trust | Dispositif destinee a mesurer la qualite optique du segment anterieur de l'oeil et element reseau afferent |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63107115A (ja) * | 1986-10-24 | 1988-05-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
| US6419671B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2002-07-16 | Visx, Incorporated | Optical feedback system for vision correction |
| JP4112165B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-26 | 2008-07-02 | オリンパス株式会社 | 光学系の調整方法及び調整装置 |
| WO2002071041A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-12 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Detecteur de depots et appareil de commande comprenant ce dernier |
| JP4276023B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2009-06-10 | 株式会社トプコン | 眼光学特性測定装置 |
| US20050213037A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | Erkin Abdullayev | Method and apparatus of cornea examination |
| JP4572898B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-11-04 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | プリズムユニットの評価方法及びプリズムユニットの製造方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-09-08 FR FR0856011A patent/FR2935803B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-08 EP EP09741387A patent/EP2348956A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-08 US US13/062,597 patent/US8398237B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-08 JP JP2011525606A patent/JP5575130B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-08 WO PCT/FR2009/051693 patent/WO2010026358A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004089200A1 (fr) * | 2003-04-12 | 2004-10-21 | University College London Hospitals Nhs Trust | Dispositif destinee a mesurer la qualite optique du segment anterieur de l'oeil et element reseau afferent |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2935803B1 (fr) | 2014-08-08 |
| WO2010026358A1 (fr) | 2010-03-11 |
| US20110157551A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
| FR2935803A1 (fr) | 2010-03-12 |
| JP2012502268A (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
| JP5575130B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
| US8398237B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
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