EP2348516B2 - Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation - Google Patents

Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2348516B2
EP2348516B2 EP11151262.0A EP11151262A EP2348516B2 EP 2348516 B2 EP2348516 B2 EP 2348516B2 EP 11151262 A EP11151262 A EP 11151262A EP 2348516 B2 EP2348516 B2 EP 2348516B2
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Prior art keywords
transformer
circuit
electronic unit
unit according
primary
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2348516A1 (en
EP2348516B1 (en
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Jean-Paul Ciclet
Bernard Gillard
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Rwaytech
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Rwaytech
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/003—Printed circuit coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H01F2038/143—Inductive couplings for signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/08—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure without magnetic core

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil électronique, de type capteur, comprenant un transformateur permettant de transmettre des données ou une alimentation électrique entre deux circuits, tout en assurant une isolation galvanique importante entre ces deux circuits. Elle est particulièrement adaptée à un appareil de mesure ou de transfert de données destiné à une application dans un environnement « haute tension », comme dans le domaine ferroviaire.The present invention relates to an electronic device, of the sensor type, comprising a transformer making it possible to transmit data or an electrical power supply between two circuits, while ensuring significant galvanic isolation between these two circuits. It is particularly suitable for a measurement or data transfer device intended for an application in a "high voltage" environment, such as in the railway field.

Une mesure sur des lignes électriques haute tension, comme par exemple celles associées aux voies ferrées qui utilisent une tension qui peut être de l'ordre de 4000 V, nécessite un dispositif sécurisé pour ne pas mettre en danger les opérateurs qui réalisent cette mesure ainsi que pour ne pas risquer d'endommager les appareils utilisés. Une telle mesure se fait par exemple par l'intermédiaire de capteurs de mesures de tension et/ou intensité et engage un échange d'énergie entre une première partie directement liée aux lignes électriques sur lesquelles se réalise la mesure, représentant un circuit primaire, et une seconde partie consistant en un circuit secondaire qui effectue un traitement complémentaire au circuit primaire.A measurement on high voltage power lines, such as those associated with railways which use a voltage which can be of the order of 4000 V, requires a secure device so as not to endanger the operators who carry out this measurement as well as not to risk damaging the devices used. Such a measurement is made for example by means of voltage and/or current measurement sensors and engages an exchange of energy between a first part directly linked to the electric lines on which the measurement is carried out, representing a primary circuit, and a second part consisting of a secondary circuit which performs a complementary processing to the primary circuit.

Un transformateur classique permet le transfert d'énergie entre un circuit primaire et secondaire par l'intermédiaire d'un noyau magnétique. Une telle solution présente l'avantage d'offrir une isolation galvanique entre les deux circuits. Toutefois, l'obtention d'un niveau d'isolation galvanique élevé reste délicate à fabriquer. De plus, un tel transformateur classique présente un coût élevé, un encombrement et un poids importants. Ce poids important réduit sa fiabilité lorsqu'il est utilisé dans un véhicule et soumis à des vibrations et à des variations de température, ses soudures sur un appareil de mesure présentant par exemple un risque d'usure et de rupture prématurée.A classic transformer allows the transfer of energy between a primary and secondary circuit via a magnetic core. Such a solution has the advantage of providing galvanic isolation between the two circuits. However, obtaining a high level of galvanic isolation remains difficult to manufacture. In addition, such a conventional transformer has a high cost, a large bulk and weight. This significant weight reduces its reliability when it is used in a vehicle and subjected to vibrations and temperature variations, its welds on a measuring device presenting for example a risk of wear and premature rupture.

Ainsi, le but de l'invention est de fournir une solution ne comprenant pas les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.Thus, the object of the invention is to provide a solution that does not include the drawbacks mentioned above.

Un appareil selon l'état de l'art est décrit dans le document US 2008/278275 A1 .A device according to the state of the art is described in the document US 2008/278275 A1 .

Plus précisément, un premier objet de l'invention consiste à proposer un appareil électronique qui offre une haute isolation galvanique entre un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire.More precisely, a first object of the invention consists in proposing an electronic apparatus which offers high galvanic isolation between a primary circuit and a secondary circuit.

Un second objet de l'invention consiste à proposer un appareil électronique qui présente un encombrement et un coût réduits.A second object of the invention consists in proposing an electronic apparatus which has reduced bulk and cost.

Un troisième objet de l'invention consiste à proposer un appareil électronique qui offre une fiabilité accrue, par exemple adaptée pour une application embarquée au sein d'un véhicule comme une locomotive.A third object of the invention consists in proposing an electronic device which offers increased reliability, for example adapted for an on-board application within a vehicle such as a locomotive.

L'invention porte sur un appareil électronique pour une intervention dans un environnement électrique à haute tension, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un transformateur tel que décrit précédemment.The invention relates to an electronic device for intervention in a high-voltage electrical environment, characterized in that it comprises at least one transformer as described above.

L'appareil électronique selon l'invention est défini par la revendication indépendante 1. D'autres modes de réalisation sont définis dans les revendications dépendantes.The electronic device according to the invention is defined by independent claim 1. Other embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante d'un mode d'exécution particulier fait à titre non-limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement un appareil électronique selon un mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente schématiquement le principe de l'invention.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de côté en coupe d'un transformateur selon un mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • Les figures 4a et 4b représentent des vues de face des bobines de respectivement les deux faces du transformateur selon le mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La figure 5 représente une vue de face d'une variante de réalisation d'une bobine du transformateur selon le mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La figure 6 représente une vue de côté en coupe du transformateur selon une variante du mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La figure 7 représente une vue de face d'une bobine de la variante du transformateur du mode d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La figure 8 représente le circuit électrique d'un capteur de mesure selon le mode d'exécution de l'invention, destiné à effectuer des mesures dans le domaine ferroviaire.
These objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be explained in detail in the following description of a particular mode of execution given on a non-limiting basis in relation to the attached figures, among which:
  • There figure 1 schematically represents an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • There figure 2 schematically represents the principle of the invention.
  • There picture 3 shows a sectional side view of a transformer according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • THE figures 4a and 4b represent front views of the coils of respectively the two faces of the transformer according to the embodiment of the invention.
  • There figure 5 shows a front view of an alternative embodiment of a transformer coil according to the embodiment of the invention.
  • There figure 6 shows a sectional side view of the transformer according to a variant of the embodiment of the invention.
  • There figure 7 shows a front view of a coil of the variant of the transformer of the embodiment of the invention.
  • There figure 8 represents the electrical circuit of a measurement sensor according to the embodiment of the invention, intended to perform measurements in the railway field.

Le concept de l'invention repose sur un dispositif remplissant la fonction de transformateur obtenu sans noyau magnétique, en associant deux bobines conductrices superposées sur deux faces d'un même circuit imprimé et communiquant sans aucun contact, en profitant du matériau isolant formant le circuit imprimé pour assurer l'isolation galvanique à haute performance entre les deux bobines.The concept of the invention is based on a device performing the function of a transformer obtained without a magnetic core, by combining two conductive coils superimposed on two sides of the same printed circuit and communicating without any contact, taking advantage of the insulating material forming the printed circuit to ensure high-performance galvanic isolation between the two coils.

Dans les différentes figures représentant différentes variantes de l'invention, les mêmes références seront utilisées pour désigner des composants équivalents, pour une raison de simplicité. D'autre part, l'invention va être décrite pour un transformateur et un dispositif électronique de type capteur destinés au domaine ferroviaire. Le concept de l'invention peut être étendu à toute autre intervention dans un environnement électrique à haute tension, par exemple pour toute solution embarquée comme le trolley bus par exemple, ou pour toute application industrielle sévère, comme associée à un laminoir.In the different figures representing different variants of the invention, the same references will be used to designate equivalent components, for the sake of simplicity. On the other hand, the invention will be described for a transformer and an electronic device of the sensor type intended for the railway field. The concept of the invention can be extended to any other intervention in a high voltage electrical environment, for example for any on-board solution such as the trolley bus for example, or for any severe industrial application, such as associated with a rolling mill.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement un capteur de mesure selon un mode d'exécution de l'invention, destiné au domaine ferroviaire, que nous appellerons simplement capteur ferroviaire par la suite. Ce capteur ferroviaire comprend un circuit primaire 1, destiné à être directement relié à un environnement électrique à haute tension par un connecteur 2, et un circuit secondaire 21, destiné à traiter des mesures provenant du circuit primaire 1, et à les communiquer en sortie par un ou plusieurs connecteurs 22. Le circuit secondaire 21 comprend de plus une borne d'alimentation 23.There figure 1 schematically represents a measurement sensor according to an embodiment of the invention, intended for the railway field, which we will simply call railway sensor hereafter. This rail sensor comprises a primary circuit 1, intended to be directly connected to a high-voltage electrical environment by a connector 2, and a secondary circuit 21, intended to process measurements originating from the primary circuit 1, and to communicate them at the output via one or more connectors 22. The secondary circuit 21 further comprises a supply terminal 23.

Le principe de l'invention, représenté schématiquement sur la figure 2, consiste à utiliser un ou plusieurs transformateur(s) 10 isolant(s) et peu encombrant(s), sans noyau magnétique, pour un échange entre les circuits primaire 1 et secondaire 21.The principle of the invention, shown schematically in the figure 2 , consists in using one or more insulating and compact transformer(s) 10, without a magnetic core, for an exchange between the primary 1 and secondary 21 circuits.

La figure 3 représente en coupe la structure d'un transformateur 10 selon l'invention. Un tel transformateur comprend deux bobines 11, 12 superposées et respectivement reliées aux circuits primaire 1 et secondaire 21 du capteur ferroviaire. Elles sont ainsi aussi appelées bobine primaire 11 et bobine secondaire 12. Ces deux bobines primaire 11 et secondaire 12 sont séparées par un élément isolant 13 plat, par exemple en matériau plastique. Ainsi, lorsqu'une bobine reçoit un courant électrique, elle génère un champ magnétique qui génère un courant électrique induit dans la seconde bobine. Les deux circuits primaire 1 et secondaire 21 sont ainsi liés entre eux par l'intermédiaire des bobines 11, 12 qui communiquent sans contact, tout en étant isolés électriquement par l'élément isolant 13 intermédiaire.There picture 3 shows in section the structure of a transformer 10 according to the invention. Such a transformer comprises two coils 11, 12 superposed and respectively connected to the primary 1 and secondary 21 circuits of the rail sensor. They are thus also called primary coil 11 and secondary coil 12. These two primary 11 and secondary 12 coils are separated by a flat insulating element 13, for example made of plastic material. Thus, when a coil receives an electric current, it generates a magnetic field which generates an induced electric current in the second coil. The two primary 1 and secondary 21 circuits are thus interconnected via the coils 11, 12 which communicate without contact, while being electrically insulated by the intermediate insulating element 13.

Selon le mode d'exécution de l'invention, l'élément isolant correspond au circuit imprimé du capteur ferroviaire, sur lequel sont disposés les autres composants électroniques du dispositif, et le transformateur 10 est simplement obtenu en disposant deux bobines 11, 12 de manière superposée sur chaque face opposée du circuit imprimé. Pour garantir l'isolation, aucun trou traversant n'est présent dans le circuit imprimé au niveau des bobines.According to the embodiment of the invention, the insulating element corresponds to the printed circuit of the rail sensor, on which the other electronic components of the device are arranged, and the transformer 10 is simply obtained by arranging two coils 11, 12 superimposed on each opposite face of the printed circuit. To ensure isolation, there are no through holes in the circuit board at the coils.

Cette solution présente ainsi l'avantage d'une grande simplicité, d'un faible encombrement, tout en offrant une importante isolation galvanique.This solution thus has the advantage of great simplicity, of small size, while offering significant galvanic isolation.

Les figures 4a et 4b représentent respectivement les deux bobines primaire 11 et secondaire 12, respectivement reliées aux circuits primaire 1 et secondaire 21 du capteur ferroviaire. Chaque bobine 11, 12 se présente sous la forme d'un enroulement circulaire, présentant une extrémité centrale, respectivement 15, 14, et une extrémité périphérique respectivement 17, 16. Les deux extrémités de chaque bobine 11, 12 sont naturellement reliées au circuit électrique de respectivement le circuit primaire 1 et secondaire 21 pour former un circuit électrique fermé.THE figures 4a and 4b respectively represent the two primary 11 and secondary 12 coils, respectively connected to the primary 1 and secondary 21 circuits of the rail sensor. Each coil 11, 12 is in the form of a circular winding, having a central end, respectively 15, 14, and a peripheral end respectively 17, 16. The two ends of each coil 11, 12 are naturally connected to the electrical circuit of the primary circuit 1 and secondary circuit 21 respectively to form a closed electrical circuit.

En variante, les deux bobines pourraient présenter une forme non circulaire, par exemple carrée, comme représenté sur la figure 5, ou ellipsoïdale ou rectangulaire. Les deux bobines sont de préférence identiques, présentent la même forme et les mêmes dimensions. En variante, elles pourraient présenter un nombre de spires différent. Elles sont par exemple obtenues par des spires en cuivre, dont le nombre et les dimensions dépendent de l'application envisagée.Alternatively, the two coils could have a non-circular shape, for example square, as shown in the figure 5 , or ellipsoidal or rectangular. The two coils are preferably identical, have the same shape and the same dimensions. As a variant, they could have a different number of turns. They are for example obtained by copper coils, the number and dimensions of which depend on the intended application.

L'extrémité centrale 14, 15 de chaque bobine 12, 11, est donc reliée au circuit électrique comme mentionné précédemment. Toutefois, cette liaison électrique est obtenue sans contact électrique avec les différents enroulements de la bobine. Selon l'invention, la solution consiste à utiliser un fil 18, 19 soudé à l'extrémité centrale 14, 15 de chaque bobine 12, 11, et s'étendant au-delà de l'enroulement de chaque bobine de manière isolée de cet enroulement, pour relier sa borne centrale au reste du circuit électrique. Cette solution est illustrée sur les figures 4 et 5.The central end 14, 15 of each coil 12, 11 is therefore connected to the electrical circuit as mentioned previously. However, this electrical connection is obtained without electrical contact with the various windings of the coil. According to the invention, the solution consists in using a wire 18, 19 welded to the central end 14, 15 of each coil 12, 11, and extending beyond the winding of each coil in isolation from this winding, to connect its central terminal to the rest of the electrical circuit. This solution is illustrated on the figure 4 And 5 .

Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent une première variante de réalisation de la solution décrite ci-dessus dans laquelle la connexion électrique de l'extrémité centrale de la bobine est obtenue par l'intermédiaire de trous borgnes 20 et d'un fil de liaison 18, 19 positionné au sein de l'épaisseur du circuit imprimé.THE figures 6 and 7 illustrate a first alternative embodiment of the solution described above in which the electrical connection of the central end of the coil is obtained via blind holes 20 and a connecting wire 18, 19 positioned within the thickness of the printed circuit.

Selon une seconde variante de réalisation non revendiquée et non représentée, les éléments de la variante précédente pourraient être inversés, les bobines se trouvant au sein de l'épaisseur du circuit imprimé et les fils de liaison à la surface du circuit imprimé et toujours reliés aux bobines par des trous borgnes.According to a second variant of embodiment not claimed and not shown, the elements of the previous variant could be reversed, the coils being located within the thickness of the printed circuit and the connecting wires on the surface of the printed circuit and still connected to the coils by blind holes.

Le transformateur sans noyau tel que décrit ci-dessus peut être employé pour différents types d'échanges entre les circuits primaire et secondaire. Deux échanges principaux sont avantageusement implémentés en combinaison.The coreless transformer as described above can be used for different types of exchanges between the primary and secondary circuits. Two main exchanges are advantageously implemented in combination.

Un premier échange consiste en une transmission d'alimentation électrique d'un circuit vers l'autre. Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 1, l'alimentation électrique du circuit primaire est obtenue à partir de l'alimentation électrique du circuit secondaire, par sa borne d'alimentation 23. Pour cela, une liaison électrique 3 du circuit primaire 1 est reliée à une liaison électrique 24 du circuit secondaire, elle-même reliée à la borne d'alimentation 23, par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 10 tel que décrit précédemment. Cela évite de dédoubler l'alimentation électrique pour alimenter séparément les deux circuits primaire et secondaire.A first exchange consists of a transmission of electrical power from one circuit to the other. As shown in the figure 1 , the power supply of the primary circuit is obtained from the power supply of the secondary circuit, by its power supply terminal 23. For this, an electrical connection 3 of the primary circuit 1 is connected to an electrical connection 24 of the secondary circuit, itself connected to the power supply terminal 23, via a transformer 10 as described above. This avoids splitting the power supply to separately supply the two primary and secondary circuits.

Un second échange consiste en une transmission de données entre les deux circuits. Le circuit primaire, qui reçoit en premier lieu les données provenant de la ligne haute tension, par l'intermédiaire de sa liaison directe 2, effectue un premier traitement de ces données, puis les transmet au circuit secondaire, qui va réaliser un second traitement, par l'intermédiaire d'un transformateur 10 tel que décrit précédemment. Cette transmission de données peut se faire par l'intermédiaire de signaux électriques et par exemple d'une modulation de fréquence. Le nombre de spires sera calculé en tenant compte du fait que la fréquence du signal de commande sera d'autant plus élevée que le nombre de spires sera faible. En remarque, il est aussi possible de travailler au point de résonance d'un tel transformateur. En variante, la transmission de données peut se faire de manière numérique, le circuit primaire comprenant une numérisation des données avant leur transmission par le transformateur fonctionnant alors en transformateur d'impulsion. En remarque, les deux parties du transformateur ont été appelés « primaire » et « secondaire » par convention dans la description précédente : comme les échanges d'énergie ou de données peuvent se faire dans les deux sens d'une partie vers l'autre, le choix de la nomenclature « primaire » et « secondaire » aurait pu être inversé ou variable selon chaque transformateur.A second exchange consists of a data transmission between the two circuits. The primary circuit, which first receives the data from the high voltage line, via its direct link 2, carries out a first processing of these data, then transmits them to the secondary circuit, which will carry out a second processing, via a transformer 10 as previously described. This data transmission can take place via electrical signals and, for example, frequency modulation. The number of turns will be calculated taking into account the fact that the frequency of the control signal will be higher the lower the number of turns. As a side note, it is also possible to work at the resonance point of such a transformer. As a variant, the data transmission can be done digitally, the primary circuit comprising a digitization of the data before their transmission by the transformer then operating as a pulse transformer. As a side note, the two parts of the transformer have been called "primary" and "secondary" by convention in the previous description: as the exchanges of energy or data can take place in both directions from one part to the other, the choice of the nomenclature "primary" and "secondary" could have been reversed or variable according to each transformer.

La figure 8 représente plus en détail un appareil de mesure selon l'invention, destiné au domaine ferroviaire, par exemple pour la mesure sur les lignes haute tension ou au sein d'une locomotive. Il comprend un premier transformateur d'alimentation en énergie, comme mentionné précédemment, et trois transformateurs de transfert de données, formant quatre circuits partiellement indépendants représentés sur la figure 8. Le transfert d'énergie se fait à partir d'une alimentation continue 23 du circuit secondaire, par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit 24 comprenant notamment un hacheur ou onduleur pour transmettre un signal alternatif à la bobine secondaire 12e du transformateur d'alimentation en énergie. Cette énergie est transmise par cette bobine à la bobine primaire 11e qui la transmet au circuit primaire par l'intermédiaire d'un filtre et d'un redresseur 25. Un problème technique se pose par cette solution du fait que le transfert d'énergie par un tel transformateur sans contact présente un rendement relativement faible. Pour éviter de trop augmenter la dimension des bobines de ce transformateur pour augmenter le rendement, la solution retenue consiste en un circuit primaire simplifié, ne comprenant que des composants à faible consommation. Pour cela, certaines fonctions électroniques sont réalisées de préférence au niveau du circuit secondaire, les résultats nécessaires au fonctionnement du circuit électronique primaire étant transféré du circuit secondaire vers le circuit primaire par un transformateur de données selon l'invention. Pour cette approche, le capteur ferroviaire de la figure 8 comprend deux autres transformateurs à impulsion 10h et 10s pour respectivement transmettre du circuit secondaire vers le circuit primaire un signal d'horloge et un signal de synchronisation, de début d'échantillonnage. En variante, un seul de ces deux transformateurs pourrait être utilisé. Par ce biais, il est possible d'obtenir un transfert d'énergie satisfaisant à l'aide d'un transformateur comprenant des bobines 11e, 12e, comprenant environ 30 spires, et avantageusement moins de 40 spires. Enfin, le capteur ferroviaire comprend un autre transformateur à impulsion 10m pour transmettre du circuit primaire vers le circuit secondaire le résultat d'une mesure effectuée sur l'environnement haute tension. Dans cette solution, les transformateurs 10h, 10s et 10m peuvent comprendre un nombre réduit de spires, inférieur à 12, et même avantageusement inférieur à 8 pour des hauteurs d'impulsion à transmettre de l'ordre de 5V.There figure 8 shows in more detail a measuring device according to the invention, intended for the railway field, for example for measuring on high voltage lines or within a locomotive. It includes a first power supply transformer, as mentioned earlier, and three data transfer transformers, forming four partially independent circuits shown in the figure 8 . The transfer of energy takes place from a DC power supply 23 of the secondary circuit, via a circuit 24 comprising in particular a chopper or inverter to transmit an alternating signal to the secondary coil 12e of the power supply transformer. This energy is transmitted by this coil to the primary coil 11e which transmits it to the primary circuit via a filter and a rectifier 25. A technical problem arises with this solution because the transfer of energy by such a contactless transformer has a relatively low efficiency. To avoid increasing the size of the coils of this transformer too much to increase the efficiency, the solution adopted consists of a simplified primary circuit, comprising only low-power components. For this, certain electronic functions are preferably performed at the level of the secondary circuit, the results necessary for the operation of the primary electronic circuit being transferred from the secondary circuit to the primary circuit by a data transformer according to the invention. For this approach, the rail sensor of the figure 8 comprises two other pulse transformers 10h and 10s for respectively transmitting from the secondary circuit to the primary circuit a clock signal and a synchronization signal, for the start of sampling. Alternatively, only one of these two transformers could be used. By this means, it is possible to obtain satisfactory energy transfer using a transformer comprising coils 11th, 12th, comprising about 30 turns, and advantageously less than 40 turns. Finally, the railway sensor includes another 10m pulse transformer to transmit from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit the result of a measurement carried out on the high voltage environment. In this solution, the transformers 10h, 10s and 10m can comprise a reduced number of turns, less than 12, and even advantageously less than 8 for pulse heights to be transmitted of the order of 5V.

Naturellement, le capteur ferroviaire décrit ci-dessus pourrait présenter des réalisations différentes. En variante, il pourrait comprendre un autre nombre de transformateurs, par exemple pour le transfert de données de mesure supplémentaires, soit pour une redondance de la même mesure soit pour des mesures supplémentaires. Il comprendra avantageusement au moins trois transformateurs de transfert de données.Naturally, the railway sensor described above could have different embodiments. As a variant, it could comprise another number of transformers, for example for the transfer of additional measurement data, either for a redundancy of the same measurement or for additional measurements. It will advantageously comprise at least three data transfer transformers.

Le transformateur selon l'invention est avantageusement compatible avec les structures existantes de circuit imprimé, en matériau époxy et d'épaisseur standardisée de 1,6 mm. Dans ces conditions, il peut atteindre une rigidité diélectrique supérieure à 15000 V et une isolation supérieure à 500 MOhms sous 500 V. Toutefois, le concept de l'invention reste applicable à tous les autres circuits imprimés existants, d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 1.6 mm, comme 3,2 mm, ou des circuits imprimés souples et peu épais. D'autre part, ce transformateur est prévu pour un fonctionnement à une fréquence supérieure ou égale à 1 Mhz. Le transformateur est directement construit sur un circuit imprimé, par application de spires directement sur ou au sein du circuit imprimé, par toute technique comme par sérigraphie par exemple, ce qui évite d'avoir à rajouter un transformateur indépendant, évite son encombrement et l'ajout de soudures pour sa fixation. La solution augmente alors grandement la fiabilité du transformateur obtenu puisqu'il ne risque plus de se détériorer en cas de vibrations ou de changements de température, ce qui en fait une solution très performante pour une application embarquée dans une locomotive ou tout autre véhicule. La solution diminue aussi grandement le coût et l'encombrement des solutions utilisant un capteur conventionnel.The transformer according to the invention is advantageously compatible with existing printed circuit structures, made of epoxy material and of standardized thickness of 1.6 mm. Under these conditions, it can achieve dielectric strength greater than 15,000 V and insulation greater than 500 MOhms at 500 V. However, the concept of the invention remains applicable to all other existing printed circuits, with a thickness greater than or equal to 1.6 mm, such as 3.2 mm, or flexible and thin printed circuits. On the other hand, this transformer is provided for operation at a frequency greater than or equal to 1 Mhz. The transformer is directly built on a printed circuit, by applying turns directly on or within the printed circuit, by any technique such as by screen printing for example, which avoids having to add an independent transformer, avoids its size and the addition of welds for its fixing. The solution then greatly increases the reliability of the transformer obtained since it no longer risks deteriorating in the event of vibrations or temperature changes, which makes it a very efficient solution for an application on board a locomotive or any other vehicle. The solution also greatly reduces the cost and size of solutions using a conventional sensor.

Claims (15)

  1. Electronic unit for an intervention in a high-voltage electrical environment, comprising:
    a printed circuit on which there are disposed electrical components of a primary circuit (1), intended for a direct link with a high-voltage electrical environment, and of a secondary circuit (21), comprising at least one transformer (10) comprising a primary coil (11) linked electrically to the primary circuit (1) and a secondary coil (12) linked electrically to the secondary circuit (21), the two coils (11, 12) being positioned opposite on each of the faces of the printed circuit, this printed circuit forming an insulating element (13) of the transformer (10),
    wherein the transformer (10) is directly constructed on the printed circuit, by application of turns directly on or in the printed circuit to form the two primary and secondary coils (11, 12) in the form of a flat winding of metal turns,
    characterized in that each coil (11, 12) comprises a flat winding of metal turns having a central end (15, 14) linked electrically by an electrical wire (19, 18) positioned in the thickness of the insulating element (13) and linked to the central end (15, 14) of the winding disposed on the surface of the insulating element and beyond the winding by blind vias (20) formed in the insulating element (13).
  2. Electronic unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transformer is constructed with a single printed circuit forming its insulating element.
  3. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two primary and secondary coils (11, 12) are positioned superposed on each of the two opposing faces of the insulating element (13) .
  4. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two coils (11, 12) are identical.
  5. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two coils (11, 12) have a circular, ellipsoidal, square or rectangular form and/or take the form of a flexible or rigid plastic sheet.
  6. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each coil comprises less than 40 turns.
  7. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transformer operates at a frequency greater than or equal to 1 MHz.
  8. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a transformer (10) whose function is to transmit an electrical power supply from the secondary circuit (21) to the primary circuit (1).
  9. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one transformer (10) whose function is to transmit data from the primary circuit (1) to the secondary circuit (21), digitally or otherwise.
  10. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a sensor for measuring electrical characteristics for the railway domain.
  11. Electronic unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises several transformers, including at least a transformer for transmitting measurement data from the primary circuit (1) to the secondary circuit (21), and a transformer for transmitting a clock signal from the secondary circuit (21) to the primary circuit (1) and/or a transformer for transmitting a synchronization signal from the secondary circuit (21) to the primary circuit (1), and a transformer for transmitting an electrical power supply from the secondary circuit to the primary circuit.
  12. Electronic unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a transformer for transmitting measurement data from the primary circuit (1) to the secondary circuit (21), and/or a transformer for transmitting a clock signal from the secondary circuit (21) to the primary circuit (1) and/or a transformer for transmitting a synchronization signal from the secondary circuit (21) to the primary circuit (1), at least one of these transformers comprising a number of turns less than 12.
  13. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating element (13) exhibits dielectric withstand strength greater than 15 000 V and an insulation greater than 500 Mohms at 500 V.
  14. Electronic unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating element (13) has a thickness greater than or equal to 1.6 millimetres.
  15. Electronic unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the insulating element (13) has a thickness less than 4 millimetres.
EP11151262.0A 2010-01-21 2011-01-18 Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation Active EP2348516B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1050405A FR2955422B1 (en) 2010-01-21 2010-01-21 TRANSFORMER WITHOUT CORE WITH HIGH GALVANIC INSULATION

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2348516A1 EP2348516A1 (en) 2011-07-27
EP2348516B1 EP2348516B1 (en) 2020-09-16
EP2348516B2 true EP2348516B2 (en) 2023-07-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11151262.0A Active EP2348516B2 (en) 2010-01-21 2011-01-18 Railway sensor including a coreless transformer with high galvanic insulation

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EP (1) EP2348516B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2955422B1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08306540A (en) † 1995-05-01 1996-11-22 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Planar air-core transformer
US20060039169A1 (en) † 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Analog Devices Power and information signal transfer using micro-transformers
US20080179963A1 (en) † 2006-08-28 2008-07-31 Avago Technologies Ecbu (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Galvanic Isolators and Coil Transducers

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0491214A1 (en) * 1990-12-19 1992-06-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Transformer, in particulier switch mode transformer
US6888438B2 (en) * 2001-06-15 2005-05-03 City University Of Hong Kong Planar printed circuit-board transformers with effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding
US20030008619A1 (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-09 Werner Raymond J. Location-based information service for identifying areas with degraded radio signal strength
US7123117B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2006-10-17 Bel-Fuse Inc. LAN magnetic interface circuit
US20080278275A1 (en) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Fouquet Julie E Miniature Transformers Adapted for use in Galvanic Isolators and the Like
GB0618647D0 (en) * 2006-09-21 2006-11-01 Univ City Hong Kong Semiconductor transformers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08306540A (en) † 1995-05-01 1996-11-22 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Planar air-core transformer
US20060039169A1 (en) † 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Analog Devices Power and information signal transfer using micro-transformers
US20080179963A1 (en) † 2006-08-28 2008-07-31 Avago Technologies Ecbu (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Galvanic Isolators and Coil Transducers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2348516A1 (en) 2011-07-27
FR2955422B1 (en) 2017-03-17
FR2955422A1 (en) 2011-07-22
EP2348516B1 (en) 2020-09-16

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