EP2342517A2 - Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associemethod of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associemethod of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor

Info

Publication number
EP2342517A2
EP2342517A2 EP09744404A EP09744404A EP2342517A2 EP 2342517 A2 EP2342517 A2 EP 2342517A2 EP 09744404 A EP09744404 A EP 09744404A EP 09744404 A EP09744404 A EP 09744404A EP 2342517 A2 EP2342517 A2 EP 2342517A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stream
nitrogen
hydrocarbon stream
outlet
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09744404A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sander Kaart
Marco Dick Jager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP09744404A priority Critical patent/EP2342517A2/fr
Publication of EP2342517A2 publication Critical patent/EP2342517A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F25J1/0255—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature controlling the composition of the feed or liquefied gas, e.g. to achieve a particular heating value of natural gas
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F25J1/0267—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using flash gas as heat sink
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    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/04—Recovery of liquid products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream, and an apparatus therefor.
  • the present invention may also provide a liquefied hydrocarbon stream, such as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) stream.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • a common hydrocarbon stream for a fuel gas stream comprises, or essentially consists of, natural gas (NG) .
  • NG natural gas
  • Natural gas is a useful fuel source, as well as being a source of various hydrocarbon compounds. It is often desirable to liquefy natural gas in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant at or near the source of a natural gas stream for a number of reasons. As an example, natural gas can be stored and transported over long distances more readily as a liquid than in gaseous form because it occupies a smaller volume and does not need to be stored at high pressure.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • natural gas comprising predominantly methane
  • the purified gas is processed through a plurality of cooling stages using heat exchangers to progressively reduce its temperature until liquefaction is achieved.
  • the liquid natural gas is then further cooled and expanded to final atmospheric pressure suitable for storage and transportation .
  • hydrocarbon streams may contain significant quantities of nitrogen. If special measures are not taken to remove at least a part of the nitrogen from the hydrocarbon stream, the fuel gas and any liquefied hydrocarbon stream produced may contain undesirably high nitrogen levels. Many LNG specifications require less than 1 mol% nitrogen in the final product.
  • EP 1 715 267 discloses a method of removing nitrogen from a liquefied natural gas feed comprising subjecting the liquefied natural gas to a first fractionation to provide a first nitrogen-enriched overhead vapour stream and a nitrogen-containing bottoms liquid stream. At least a portion of the nitrogen-containing bottoms liquid stream is then subjected to a second fractionation to provide a second nitrogen-enriched overhead vapour stream that is of lower purity than said first overhead vapour stream and a purified liquefied natural gas stream.
  • the cooling duty in the first fractionation is provided by a condensed nitrogen reflux stream.
  • the condensed nitrogen reflux stream is provided by heat exchange against an expanded cold liquefied natural gas stream from the main heat exchanger, providing an undesirable surplus of fuel gas.
  • additional cooling duty for the nitrogen rejection is ultimately provided by the mixed refrigerant circuit used in the main cooling stage. This increases the load placed on the mixed refrigerant main cooling cycle, requiring larger refrigerant compressors of greater power, increased refrigerant cooling etc., resulting in a reduced power capacity limited by available compressor driver size. It is an object of the present invention to address these problems, by providing an improved process for rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a process which reduces the load on the main cooling cycle.
  • the present invention provides a method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream, comprising at least the steps of: (a) at least partly liquefying a hydrocarbon stream in a heat exchanger to provide a cooled hydrocarbon stream;
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for the rejection of nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream the apparatus comprising at least:
  • a first heat exchanger having a first inlet for a hydrocarbon stream and a first outlet for a cooled hydrocarbon stream, the first outlet of the heat exchanger;
  • a first expansion device having an inlet connected to the first outlet of the first heat exchanger, and an outlet for an expanded hydrocarbon stream;
  • fractionation column having a first inlet connected to the outlet of the first expansion device, and a first outlet for an upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream, a second outlet for a lower nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream, a second inlet for a lower nitrogen-lean reflux stream and a third inlet for an upper second separator vapour stream;
  • condenser having a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the fractionation column, and a first outlet for a partially condensed nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream and a second inlet for an expanded first refrigerant stream and a second outlet for a heated first refrigerant stream;
  • a first separator having a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the condenser and a first outlet for an upper nitrogen-rejection stream and a second outlet for a lower nitrogen-lean reflux stream, said second outlet connected to the second inlet of the fractionation column;
  • a reboiler having a first inlet connected to the second outlet of the fractionation column, a first outlet for a partially vapourised nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream, a second inlet for a first refrigerant feed stream and a second outlet for a cooled first refrigerant stream;
  • a second separator having a first inlet connected to the first outlet of the reboiler, a first outlet for an upper second separator vapour stream and a second outlet for a lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream, said second outlet connected to the third inlet of the fractionation column;
  • a second heat exchanger which can be the first heat exchanger or a different heat exchanger, said second heat exchanger having a first inlet connected to the second outlet of the second separator and a first outlet for a sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream.
  • the invention provides a method of controlling the nitrogen concentration present in a fuel gas stream, the method comprising at least the steps of the method of rejecting nitrogen from the hydrocarbon stream to provide the fuel gas stream as defined above, and further comprising the steps of: - heat exchanging the cooled first refrigerant stream against the heated first refrigerant stream in a fourth heat exchanger to provide an expander refrigerant feed stream and a compressor refrigerant feed stream; and expanding an expander refrigerant feed stream in a fourth expansion device to provide the expanded first refrigerant stream;
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic scheme of a method of and apparatus for rejecting nitrogen for a hydrocarbon stream according to one embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic scheme of a method of and apparatus for rejecting nitrogen for a hydrocarbon stream according to a second embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to produce a fuel gas stream, in which the cooling duty for the nitrogen rejection is provided by a dedicated first refrigerant circuit .
  • the first refrigerant circuit is a dedicated circuit in the sense that neither the refrigerant being circulated in the first refrigerant circuit, nor cooling duty therefrom, is used for the cooling and at least partly liquefying of the hydrocarbon stream in in step (a) and for the subcooling in step (h) .
  • the first refrigerant circuit is separate from other refrigerant circuits used in the cooling, liquefying and subcooling of the hydrocarbon stream.
  • the cooling duty placed upon the heat exchanger in step (a) which produces the at least partly liquefied hydrocarbon stream and can be a main cooling step, is reduced. Consequently, the capacity of the main cooling refrigerant circuit which supplies the heat exchanger may be reduced compared to that of EP 1 715 267, for a constant LNG capacity.
  • the method of the present invention provides an increased production of liquefied hydrocarbon for an equivalent main cooling refrigerant circuit.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for retrofitting already existing liquefaction plants because it does not alter the demand upon the main cooling refrigerant circuit.
  • the present invention is applicable to many methods, such as those for the manufacture of a cooled hydrocarbon stream, for instance LNG from natural gas.
  • the method may be applied to, for example AP-X liquefaction processes such as those described in US Patent No. 6,308,531, C3MR processes such as those described in US Patent No. 4,404,008 and Dual Mixed Refrigerant (DMR) processes, such as those described in US Patent No. 6,370,910.
  • AP-X liquefaction processes such as those described in US Patent No. 6,308,531
  • C3MR processes such as those described in US Patent No. 4,404,008
  • Dual Mixed Refrigerant (DMR) processes such as those described in US Patent No. 6,370,910.
  • Figure 1 shows a method of and apparatus 1 for rejecting nitrogen for a hydrocarbon stream 10 according to a first embodiment.
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 may be any suitable hydrocarbon stream such as, but not limited to, a hydrocarbon-containing gas stream able to be cooled.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing gas stream able to be cooled.
  • One example is a natural gas stream obtained from a natural gas or petroleum reservoir.
  • the natural gas stream may also be obtained from another source, also including a synthetic source such as a Fischer-Tropsch process .
  • such a hydrocarbon stream 10 is comprised substantially of methane.
  • a hydrocarbon stream 10 comprises at least 50 mol% methane, more preferably at least 80 mol% methane.
  • the method disclosed herein is applicable to various hydrocarbon streams, it is particularly suitable for natural gas streams to be liquefied.
  • a hydrocarbon stream may contain one or more non-hydrocarbons such as H2O, N2, CO2, Hg, H2S and other sulfur compounds.
  • the method and apparatus disclosed herein can be used with hydrocarbon streams comprising significant quantities of nitrogen, for instance, in excess of 4 mol% .
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 were to comprise 4-5 mol% nitrogen, conventional methods which do not take steps to reject the nitrogen may produce fuel gas streams with nitrogen contents in excess of 40 mol%. This can result in significant problems if the fuel gas is used to power a gas turbine. Many aeroderivative gas turbines cannot tolerate nitrogen contents above 15 mol% in their fuel gas. Furthermore, even the more nitrogen- tolerant gas turbines, such as conventional heavy duty industrial gas turbines, cannot operate on fuel gas with a nitrogen content of above 40-45 mol%. Thus, there is a need to remove excessive nitrogen from the hydrocarbon stream 10 in order to reduce the nitrogen content in the fuel gas, and any liquefied hydrocarbon.
  • the hydrocarbon stream may be pre-treated before use, either as part of a hydrocarbon cooling process, or separately.
  • This pre-treatment may comprise reduction and/or removal of non-hydrocarbons acid gases such as CO2 and H 2 S or other steps such as early cooling and pre-pressurizing.
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 may have been pre- compressed and/or pre-cooled. Any pre-cooling stage will generally cool the stream to a temperature below 0 °C, and preferably between -20 to -50 °C, preferably using a pre-cooling refrigerant circuit. As these steps are well known to the person skilled in the art, their mechanisms are not further discussed here.
  • a further advantage of the method and apparatus disclosed herein is that nitrogen is rejected from the hydrocarbon stream without requiring additional compression power. For instance, the fuel gas can be sent for nitrogen rejection after it is produced.
  • the method and apparatus disclosed herein treat the hydrocarbon stream to reject nitrogen during the liquefaction process, when the hydrocarbon stream is already compressed.
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 can be provided to the first heat exchanger 50 at a pressure in the region of 60 bar.
  • pressure values in the present application are considered to be given in absolute pressure values, as opposed to gauge pressure values .
  • hydrocarbon stream also includes a composition prior to any treatment, such treatment including cleaning, dehydration and/or scrubbing, as well as any composition having been partly, substantially or wholly treated for the reduction and/or removal of one or more compounds or substances, including but not limited to sulfur, sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide and water.
  • a hydrocarbon stream 10 to be used herein undergoes at least the minimum pre-treatment required to subsequently allow liquefaction of the hydrocarbon stream.
  • a hydrocarbon stream commonly also contains varying amounts of hydrocarbons heavier than methane such as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes, as well as some aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the composition varies depending upon the type and location of the hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas. Hydrocarbons heavier than butanes generally need to be removed from natural gas to be liquefied because at LNG temperatures they may freeze out and cause blockage of parts of a methane liquefaction plant. In addition, the desired specification of the LNG may require the removal of or a reduction in the proportion of certain components.
  • C2-4 hydrocarbons can be extracted and used as a source of natural gas liquids (NGLs) and/or refrigerant.
  • NNLs natural gas liquids
  • the natural gas liquids to be recovered may be separated from the methane in for instance a high-pressure scrub column and subsequently be fractionated in a number of dedicated distillation columns to yield valuable hydrocarbon components. These may be valuable either as product streams per se or for use in the liquefaction plant and process, for example as a component of a refrigerant.
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 is passed to the inlet 52 of a heat exchanger 50, which may be a first heat exchanger, and is preferably the main cooling stage of a liquefaction plant.
  • the hydrocarbon stream 10 is at least partly, preferably fully, liquefied in the heat exchanger 50 to provide a cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 at the outlet 54.
  • the heat exchanger 50 is shown symbolically as a single unit in Figure 1, although it may comprise one or more first heat exchangers, either in series, parallel or both.
  • the cooling duty of the one or more heat exchangers 50 can be met by one or more main refrigerant circuits, in a manner known in the art.
  • the cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 may have a temperature below -100 °C, more preferably below -120 "C.
  • the cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 is then passed to the inlet 102 of a first expansion device 100, such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded hydrocarbon stream 110 at the outlet 104.
  • a first expansion device 100 such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded hydrocarbon stream 110 at the outlet 104.
  • a first expansion device 100 such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded hydrocarbon stream 110 at the outlet 104.
  • a first expansion device 100 such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded hydrocarbon stream 110 at the outlet 104.
  • the expanded hydrocarbon stream 110 is then passed to a first inlet 152 of a fractionation column 150 at a first feeding level, to provide an upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 at a first outlet 154, which is preferably at or near the top of the fractionation column 150, and a lower nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 170 at a second outlet 156, which is preferably at or neat the bottom of the fractionation column 150.
  • the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 removes at least a part of the nitrogen from the hydrocarbon stream.
  • the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 also provides the reflux stream to the fractionation column 150 as discussed below.
  • the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 is passed to the first inlet 202 of a condenser 200, where it is partially condensed to provide a partially condensed nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 210 at the first outlet 204 of condenser 200.
  • the condensing is carried out against an expanded first refrigerant stream 860, present in a first dedicated refrigerant circuit.
  • the first dedicated refrigerant circuit is separate from the one or more main refrigerant circuits that provide the cooling duty of the one or more heat exchangers 50.
  • the expanded first refrigerant stream 860 is passed to a second inlet 206 of the condenser 200 where it cools the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 and exits the condenser 200 at second outlet 208 as a heated first refrigerant stream 870.
  • the expanded first refrigerant stream 860 and heated first refrigerant stream 870 are provided in a dedicated first refrigerant circuit 800.
  • first refrigerant circuit 800 By “dedicated” is meant that this circuit is separate from the main refrigerant circuit and any pre-cooling refrigerant circuit and subcooling refrigerant circuit if present, such that the first refrigerant circuit does not share a compressor and/or compressor driver with any other refrigerant circuit.
  • the first refrigerant circuit will be discussed in greater detail in relation to Figure 2.
  • the partially condensed nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 210 is then passed to the inlet of a first separator 250, which may be a gas/liquid separator, which provides an upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 at a first outlet 254 and a lower nitrogen reflux stream 270 at a second outlet 256.
  • the composition of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be varied. When the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 comprises high purity nitrogen, this can be vented to the atmosphere.
  • Lowering the temperature of the condenser 200 increases the proportion of nitrogen in the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260.
  • a temperature of about -150 °C at about 25 bar in the partially condensed nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 210 can provide an upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 comprising > 99 mol% nitrogen and a liquefied hydrocarbon stream 520 having ⁇ 1 mol% nitrogen.
  • the pressure in the fractionation column 150 can affect the temperature required of first separator 250. For example, by increasing the pressure in the fractionation column 150, the same nitrogen content of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be obtained at a higher temperature up to the critical point of the stream.
  • the hydrocarbon content of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be raised e.g. up to 80-90 mol% nitrogen, such that the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be used as fuel gas for equipment which can tolerate higher nitrogen-content hydrocarbon streams, such as a gas boiler.
  • a portion of the cold present in the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be recovered.
  • the cold of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 can be used to cool one or more of: the hydrocarbon stream 10, or a refrigerant stream, such as a refrigerant stream in the first refrigerant circuit 800 or any pre- cooling or main-cooling stage refrigerant, as well as providing optional direct pre-cooling of the hydrocarbon stream 10.
  • the cold from the upper nitrogen- rejection stream 260 could be used to further cool the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410, as will be found in the discussion for Figure 2.
  • a lower nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 170 exits the fractionating column 150 via second outlet 156, preferably near the bottom of the column.
  • the lower nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 170 is passed to the first inlet 302 of a reboiler 300, where it is heated against a first refrigerant feed stream 810, also present in the first refrigerant circuit 800, which enters the reboiler 300 at a second inlet 306.
  • the reboiler 300 provides a partially vapourised nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 310 at a first outlet 304 and cooled first refrigerant stream 820 at second outlet 308.
  • the duty of reboiler 300 is controlled entirely independently of the duty placed upon the heat exchanger 50, 400. This is particularly advantageous because the apparatus disclosed herein can be retrofitted to an existing liquefaction unit, without altering the cooling duty placed upon the heat exchanger impacting on the unit performance.
  • the partially vapourised nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 310 is passed to an inlet 352 of a second separator 350, such as a gas/liquid separator, where it is separated into an upper second separator vapour stream 360 at a first outlet 354 and a lower liquefied nitrogen- lean hydrocarbon stream 370 at a second outlet 356.
  • a second separator 350 such as a gas/liquid separator
  • the upper second separator vapour stream 360 is passed to a third inlet 158 of the fractionating column 150 at a third feeding level below the first feeding level, preferably near the bottom of the column.
  • the lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370 is passed to the first inlet of a heat exchanger 400, which can be a second heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 400 is preferably a sub-cooling stage shown symbolically as a single unit in Figure 1, although it may comprise one or more second heat exchangers, either in series, parallel or both.
  • the heat exchanger 400 may be the same as, or different to the heat exchanger 50.
  • heat exchangers 50 an 400 can be the same heat exchanger, different heat exchangers present within the same cold box or shell, or may be different heat exchangers located apart from one another.
  • the heat exchangers 50, 400 can be plate and fin or shell and tube heat exchangers and are more preferably coil wound heat exchangers.
  • Cooling duty may be provided to the one or more heat exchangers 400 by one or more sub-cooling refrigerant circuits, in a manner known in the art.
  • Such one or more sub-cooling refrigerant circuits may be shared with the one or more main refrigerant circuits that provide cooling duty to the one or more heat exchangers 50, or separate therefrom. But the one or more sub-cooling refrigerant circuits are separate from the dedicated first refrigerant circuit.
  • the heat exchanger 400 can sub-cool the lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370 to provide a sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 at a first outlet 404.
  • the lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370 is cooled to a temperature below -140 "C.
  • the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 is used to generate a fuel gas stream 510 by methods known in the art.
  • the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 can be passed to an inlet 462 of a second expansion device 450, such as a valve and/or expander, preferably a turbo- expander or a Joule-Thomson valve.
  • Second expansion device 450 provides an expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 460 at an outlet 454.
  • the expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 460 can then be passed to an inlet of a third separator 500, such as a gas/liquid separator, to provide a fuel gas stream 520 at a first outlet 464, preferably at or near the top of the separator and a liquefied hydrocarbon stream 520, such as a LNG stream, at a second outlet 466, preferably at or near the bottom of the separator.
  • the fuel gas stream 510 can be passed to one or more end-compressors (not shown) if pressurisation, for instance to export gas pressure of about 30-50 bar, is required.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment in which the method and apparatus for rejecting nitrogen has been integrated with a main cryogenic heat exchanger 700. Such a heat exchanger is used in the AP-X, C3MR and DMR methods of liquefying natural gas streams which are known in the art.
  • the first refrigerant circuit 800 is also described in more detail in this embodiment.
  • Hydrocarbon stream 10 is passed to main cryogenic heat exchanger (MCHE) 700 via a first inlet 52.
  • MCHE main cryogenic heat exchanger
  • the hydrocarbon stream may have been pre-cooled, for instance in a pre-cooling stage, in a known manner.
  • the MCHE 700 comprises a main cooling stage 50a, which corresponds to the heat exchanger 50 of Figure 1, and a sub-cooling stage 400a, which corresponds to the heat exchanger 400 of Figure 1.
  • the MCHE 700 may comprise one or more associated refrigerant circuits, which are not shown in Figure 2, such as main cooling refrigerant circuits and sub-cooling refrigerant circuits, or a single linked circuit, for instance when light and heavy mixed refrigerant fractions are utilised.
  • the MCHE 700 is cooled by a mixed refrigerant comprising two or more components of the group comprising: nitrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane and pentanes.
  • the refrigerant circuit may involve any number of refrigerant compressors, coolers and separator to provide one or more refrigerant streams to the MCHE 700 in a manner known in the art .
  • light and heavy mixed refrigerant streams 710 and 720 respectively may be provided by a mixed refrigerant circuit and passed through the MCHE 700 for further cooling.
  • the light and heavy mixed refrigerant streams 710, 720 can then be withdrawn from the MCHE 700, expanded by one or more valves and/or expanders (not shown) before re-entering the MCHE 700 to provide cooling therein.
  • the MCHE 700 can be a spool wound heat exchanger, able to cool and at least partly, preferably fully, liquefy the hydrocarbon stream 10 to provide a cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 between the liquefying bundle of main cooling stage 50a and the sub-cooling bundle of sub- cooling stage 400a.
  • the cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 is expanded and passed to the fractionating column 150 as described for Figure 1.
  • a bypass line 62, with a bypass first pressure reducing device 64 can be provided to transfer at least a part of the cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 to the lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370, via a combiner 372.
  • the bypass line 62 allows the proportion of the cooled hydrocarbon stream 60 passed for nitrogen rejection to be varied.
  • First refrigerant circuit 800 shown in Figure 2 provides the cooling duty for the nitrogen rejection.
  • the refrigerant in the first refrigerant circuit 800 preferably comprises nitrogen, more preferably > 90 mol% nitrogen, with the balance provided by light hydrocarbons, such as one or more of methane, ethane and propane.
  • a compressor refrigerant feed stream 880 can be passed to the inlet 892 of a first compressor 890.
  • the first compressor 890 compresses the compressor refrigerant feed stream 880 to provide a compressed refrigerant stream 900 at an outlet 892.
  • the compressed refrigerant stream 900 can be passed to an inlet 912 of a cooling device 910, such as an air or water cooler, to provide a cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 at an outlet 914.
  • the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 can then be passed to a first inlet 932 of a fifth heat exchanger 930.
  • the fifth heat exchanger 930 further cools the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 to provide first refrigerant feed stream 810 at an outlet 934.
  • the first refrigerant feed stream 810 is passed to the second inlet 306 of the reboiler 300.
  • the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 can be heat exchanged against a second refrigerant in a second refrigerant circuit, such as a mixed refrigerant in the main cooling circuit or a pre-cooling refrigerant.
  • a second refrigerant circuit such as a mixed refrigerant in the main cooling circuit or a pre-cooling refrigerant.
  • the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 can be heat exchanged against at least a part of the upper nitrogen- rejection stream 260.
  • a partially open first refrigerant circuit 800 can be provided in which the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 can be combined with at least a part of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260 to provide the first refrigerant stream 810.
  • the fifth heat exchanger 930 can be provided with a fifth heat exchanger bypass line 940 from the cooled compressed refrigerant stream 920 to the first refrigerant feed stream 810.
  • the fifth heat exchanger bypass line 940 is provided with a fifth heat exchanger bypass line pressure reduction device 950, such as a valve.
  • the reboiler duty of the fractionation column 150 is controlled by the fifth heat exchanger bypass line 940, thereby setting the nitrogen ejected in the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260, and the nitrogen content of the fuel gas stream 510 via the amount of nitrogen remaining in lower liquefied nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370.
  • the reboiler 300 provides a higher heating duty, more nitrogen will be rejected in the second separator 350 to the upper second separator vapour stream 360 because proportionally more of the lighter components such as nitrogen will be vapourised. More nitrogen vapour will therefore rise through fractionation column 150, increasing the nitrogen content of upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160. Any methane present in the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 can be recondensed in condenser 200 and returned to the fractionation column 150 after in lower nitrogen-lean reflux stream 270 from first separator 250.
  • the reboiler 300 provides a lower heating duty this will result in less nitrogen rejection in the upper nitrogen rich hydrocarbon stream 160, and therefore a lower nitrogen content in upper nitrogen- rejection stream 260.
  • the fifth heat exchanger bypass line pressure reduction device 950 can be operated by a controller Q, which is placed on the fuel gas stream 510 and monitors the nitrogen content of the stream.
  • the controller Q can signal the fifth heat exchanger bypass line pressure reduction device 950 to change the flow in the fifth heat exchanger bypass line 940 thus changing the duty of reboiler 300 and the quantity of nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 370.
  • the reboiler 300 provides a cooled first refrigerant stream 820 at second outlet 308.
  • the cooled first refrigerant stream 820 can be passed to the first inlet 832 of a fourth heat exchanger 830.
  • the fourth heat exchanger 830 further cools the cooled first refrigerant stream 820 against heated first refrigerant stream 870 which is passed to a second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 830 to provide an expander refrigerant feed stream 840 at a first outlet 834 and the compressor refrigerant feed stream 880 at a second outlet 838.
  • the expander refrigerant feed stream 840 is passed to the inlet of a fourth expansion device 850, such as a valve and/or an expander, preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded first refrigerant stream 860 at outlet 854.
  • a fourth expansion device 850 such as a valve and/or an expander, preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded first refrigerant stream 860 at outlet 854.
  • the expanded first refrigerant stream 860 is passed to the second inlet 206 of the condenser 200 where it can be partially vapourised to provide a mixed liquid and vapour stream as it cools the upper nitrogen-rich hydrocarbon stream 160 from the fractionation column 150.
  • the heated first refrigerant stream 860 exits the condenser 200 at second outlet 208 as heated first refrigerant stream 870 which is passed to the second inlet 836 of the fourth heat exchanger 830 to provide compressor refrigerant feed stream 880 after heat exchange, thus completing the first refrigerant circuit 800.
  • the reference numerals in Figure 2 have identical designations and purposes to those numerals of the same number discussed for Figure 1.
  • the lower liquefied nitrogen- lean hydrocarbon stream 370 provided by second separator 350 is passed to a second inlet 402 of the MCHE 700, where it is sub-cooled in sub-cooling stage 400a, corresponding to the heat exchanger 400 of Figure 1.
  • Sub- cooling stage 400a provides a sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 at second outlet 404 of the MCHE 700.
  • the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 is passed to the first inlet 552 of a third heat exchanger 550, where it is cooled against an intermediate fraction of the nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 660 withdrawn from an endflash unit 650, to provide a pre- cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 560 at a first outlet 554 of the third heat exchanger 550.
  • the third heat exchanger 550 may alternatively be fed with at least a part of the upper nitrogen-rejection stream 260, which can be used to further cool the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410.
  • the pre-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 560 is then passed to an inlet 602 of a third expansion device 600, such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 610 at an outlet 604.
  • a third expansion device 600 such as a valve and/or expander, more preferably a turboexpander or Joule-Thomson valve, where it is expanded to provide an expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 610 at an outlet 604.
  • the expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 610 can then optionally be passed through a further second pressure reducing device 620 before being passed to a first inlet 652 of an endflash unit 650 at a fourth feeding level.
  • Fuel gas stream 510 exits the endflash unit 650 from first outlet 654, preferably at or near the top of the unit and liquefied hydrocarbon stream 520, such as an LNG stream, exits the endflash unit 650 at second outlet 656, preferably at or near the bottom of the unit.
  • the fuel gas stream 510 can be passed to a fuel gas network (not shown) for distribution to fuel gas users such as gas turbines and gas boilers.
  • the fuel gas stream 510 can be optionally compressed in one or more fuel gas compressors and sent for export.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 520 can be sent for storage or transport.
  • An intermediate fraction of the nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 660 can be withdrawn from the endflash unit 650 at third outlet 657, and passed to a second inlet 556 of the third heat exchanger 550 where it can be used to cool the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410.
  • the intermediate fraction of the nitrogen- lean hydrocarbon stream 660 leaves the third heat exchanger 550 at second outlet 558 as heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670, which is then returned to a second inlet 658 of the endflash 650 at a fifth feeding level below that of the fourth feeding level, preferably near the bottom of the unit.
  • the heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670 can be fitted with a flow controller FIC, attached to a third pressure reduction device 680, which can be a valve, present in the heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670.
  • the flow controller FIC is in communication with a nitrogen sensor Ql, which monitors the nitrogen content of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream 520.
  • the flow controller can adjust the ratio of heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670 fed to the endflash unit 650 compared to the reflux stream in the endflash unit generated from the expanded nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 610 after passing through second pressure reducing device 620 and being fed to the endflash unit 650.
  • the residence time of intermediate fraction of the nitrogen lean hydrocarbon stream 660 in the third heat exchanger 550 will be increased.
  • the third heat exchanger 550 will therefore heat the intermediate fraction of the nitrogen lean hydrocarbon stream 660 to a higher temperature, providing a hotter heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670.
  • a hotter heated intermediate fraction nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 670 is passed to the endflash unit 650, it will provide more stripping vapour, boil off more nitrogen and thus strip more nitrogen from the liquid falling through the endflash unit.
  • the ratio of reflux to stripping vapour the quality of the liquefied hydrocarbon stream such as LNG can be varied.
  • the second expansion device 450 and third separator 500 of the embodiment of Figure 1 could be employed to process the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 of the embodiment of Figure 2, or the third heat exchange 550, third expansion device 600 and endflash unit 650 of Figure 2 could be employed to process the sub-cooled nitrogen-lean hydrocarbon stream 410 of the embodiment of Figure 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil (1) permettant de rejeter l'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure (10) pour produire un flux de gaz combustible (510). Un flux d'hydrocarbure (10) est au moins partiellement liquéfié et, par la suite, détendu. Le flux d'hydrocarbure détendu (110) est fractionné dans une colonne de fractionnement (150) pour produire un flux d'hydrocarbure riche en azote (160) et un flux d'hydrocarbure pauvre en azote (170). Le flux d'hydrocarbure riche en azote (160) est partiellement condensé dans un condenseur (200) par refroidissement contre un réfrigérant que l'on fait circuler dans un premier circuit réfrigérant spécialisé (800), et qui est séparé en phase pour produire un flux de rejet d'azote (260) et un flux de reflux pauvre en azote (270) que l'on retourne vers la colonne de fractionnement (150). Le flux d'hydrocarbure pauvre en azote (170) est partiellement vaporisé et séparé en phase pour produire un flux de vapeur que l'on retourne à la colonne de fractionnement (150) et un flux d'hydrocarbure pauvre en azote (370) que l'on soumet à un sous-refroidissement. Le flux de gaz combustible (510) est généré à partir du flux d'hydrocarbure pauvre en azote (410).
EP09744404A 2008-11-03 2009-11-02 Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associemethod of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor Withdrawn EP2342517A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09744404A EP2342517A2 (fr) 2008-11-03 2009-11-02 Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associemethod of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08168159 2008-11-03
EP09744404A EP2342517A2 (fr) 2008-11-03 2009-11-02 Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associemethod of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor
PCT/EP2009/064423 WO2010060735A2 (fr) 2008-11-03 2009-11-02 Procede de rejet d'azote d'un flux d'hydrocarbure pour produire un flux de gaz combustible et appareil associe method of rejecting nitrogen from a hydrocarbon stream to provide a fuel gas stream and an apparatus therefor

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EP2342517A2 true EP2342517A2 (fr) 2011-07-13

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US (1) US20110239701A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2342517A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012514050A (fr)
CN (1) CN102713479A (fr)
AU (1) AU2009319191B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2741970A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010060735A2 (fr)

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WO2010060735A3 (fr) 2012-08-30
JP2012514050A (ja) 2012-06-21
US20110239701A1 (en) 2011-10-06
CN102713479A (zh) 2012-10-03
CA2741970A1 (fr) 2010-06-03
WO2010060735A2 (fr) 2010-06-03
AU2009319191A1 (en) 2010-06-03
AU2009319191B2 (en) 2013-05-02

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