EP2337152A1 - Doppelpolarisierungsreflektionsarray-Antenne mit verbesserten Kreuzpolarisierungseigenschaften - Google Patents

Doppelpolarisierungsreflektionsarray-Antenne mit verbesserten Kreuzpolarisierungseigenschaften Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2337152A1
EP2337152A1 EP10290640A EP10290640A EP2337152A1 EP 2337152 A1 EP2337152 A1 EP 2337152A1 EP 10290640 A EP10290640 A EP 10290640A EP 10290640 A EP10290640 A EP 10290640A EP 2337152 A1 EP2337152 A1 EP 2337152A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflectarray
cell
phasing
conductive
coordinate system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10290640A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2337152B1 (de
Inventor
Jose Antonio Encinar Garcinuno
Manuel Arrebola Baena
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Original Assignee
Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agence Spatiale Europeenne filed Critical Agence Spatiale Europeenne
Publication of EP2337152A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337152A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2337152B1 publication Critical patent/EP2337152B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • This invention is framed in the telecommunication, radar and space technology sectors. More particularly, the invention is related to planar or curved reflector antennas called "reflectarrays" working in dual-polarisation, in which the phasing elements are arranged in order to minimise the cross-polarisation components generated by the antenna.
  • a reflectarray antenna [ D. G. Berry, R. G. Malech W. A. Kennedy, 'The Reflectarray Antenna IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. AP-11, 1963, pp.646-651 ] consists of a planar array of radiating elements with a certain adjustment in the phase of the reflected field to produce a collimated electromagnetic beam when it is illuminated by a primary feed ( figure 1 ).
  • Printed reflectarrays use metallic patches printed on a grounded substrate to produce the required phase adjustment.
  • One practical implementation of the phase adjustment in rectangular patches consists of connecting transmission line segments of different lengths to the printed elements [R. E. Munson, H. A. Haddad, J. W.
  • the operating principle of the reflectarrays using variable-sized printed elements is based on the fact that the phase of the reflected wave varies with the resonant length of the elements.
  • a printed patch is a resonant antenna, so that its length should be approximately half a wavelength in the dielectric. If the patch length is modified in the array, the phase of the reflected wave changes.
  • the phase control by varying the resonant dimensions produces lower ohmic losses and lower cross-polarization levels than the stubs of different lengths attached to the radiating patches.
  • the maximum range of phase variation that can be achieved is in the order of 330°, and the phase variation versus the length is strongly non-linear because of the narrow band behaviour of printed patches, which limits the working bandwidth in reflectarray antennas.
  • the main limitation to reflectarray performance is the narrow bandwidth, generally lower than 5% and even less for large reflectarrays. Bandwidth limitation is an inherent characteristic of reflectarrays, although much effort has been made in recent years in order to improve the bandwidth.
  • Double-layer structures have been also analyzed showing better performance with respect to single-layer configurations.
  • Stacked metallic rings have been proposed as a reflectarray element in [ N. Misran, R. Cahill, V. Fusco, "Reflection phase response of microstrip stacked ring elements", Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 8, pp. 356 - 357, April 2002 ].
  • the phase of the reflected field is controlled by varying the size of the printed rings. Bandwidth is improved for the stacked ring configuration, but the results are not superior to those achievable when using stacked rectangular patches.
  • Another solution to improve the bandwidth using multi-resonant dipoles in a single layer has been proposed in [J.A. Encinar, A.
  • a reflectarray for dual polarization which includes other arrangement of parallel dipoles printed on the opposite side of substrate (bottom side in Figure 3 ) placed perpendicular to those on the top side and located at a certain distance from the conductive ground plane.
  • the phase-shift is adjusted independently for each polarisation by varying the length of the printed dipoles on each side, resulting in a low level of coupling between polarizations, although, the residual cross-polarisation may not be compliant with the stringent cross-polarisation requirements in space antennas for Telecommunications.
  • reflectarrays An important application of reflectarrays is their use as dual polarisation reflectors for frequency reuse.
  • independent signals are transmitted and received in orthogonal polarisations using the same frequency bands.
  • the two orthogonal polarisations can be circular, clockwise and anti clockwise, the most common case is to use two linear polarisations, designated as vertical and horizontal.
  • the frequency reuse requires a very high isolation between polarisations.
  • a reflectarray antenna acting as a dual polarisation reflector for frequency reuse has been patented [J. R. Profera, E.
  • each dipole is made of several parallel wires close to each other, which act as single wider dipole, but reducing the coupling with the orthogonal polarisation.
  • the phase curves as a function of the length are similar as those obtained for a single dipole, and consequently the bandwidth is insufficient for most commercial applications.
  • the cross-polarisation is drastically reduced in this invention, but as in the case of the previous invention, the technique and the embodiments are based on reflectarray elements made of varying-sized dipoles for each polarisation, which exhibits severe limitations in bandwidth.
  • Reflectarray antennas based on elements with variable rotation angles [ J. Huang, "A Ka-Band Microstrip Reflectarray with Elements Having Variable Rotation Angles", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 650-656, May 1998 ] have been proposed to produce a focused beam in circular polarisation.
  • all the reflectarray elements are identical and the rotation angle is used to adjust the phase-shift of the reflected wave when a circularly polarized field is incident; however the rotation angle does not have a direct influence on the cross-polarisation.
  • This technique is only valid for circular polarisation and cannot be applied for linear or dual-linear polarisation. In addition, this concept is limited to a really narrow frequency band.
  • Reflectarray antennas have been used to generate contoured beams by using one layer of varying-sized patches [ D. M. Pozar, S. D. Targonski, and R. Pokuls, "A shaped-beam microstrip patch reflectarray,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1167-1173, July 1999 ], or several layers of stacked patches to improve the bandwidth [ J. A. Encinar and J. A. Zornoza, "Three-layer printed reflectarrays for contoured beam space applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1138-1148, May 2004 ].
  • the beam shaping to create a coverage over certain geographic zones can be obtained by a suitable design of the dimensions of the printed patches in a multi-layer configuration for Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) antennas working in dual linear polarisation [ J. A. Encinar et al. "Dual-Polarization Dual-Coverage Reflectarray for Space Applications", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propag., Vol. 54, No. 10, Pp. 2828-2837, Oct. 2006 ].
  • the required bandwidth for DBS applications, around a ten percent bandwidth can be achieved by properly optimising the patch dimensions in a three-layer configuration of varying-sized patches.
  • the levels of cross-polarisation are low enough in pencil beam antennas (in the order of 30 dB below the maximum), when the DBS antenna is designed to provide a wider coverage, the level of co-polar radiation is reduced to provide the same coverage level in the whole prescribed Geographical area, but the level of cross-polarization produced by the patches is not proportionally reduced. In that case, the level of cross-polarization might not be acceptable for Telecommunications antennas in space applications, where independent channels are transmitted in each linear polarization (vertical and horizontal) and a high isolation between orthogonal polarisations is required, typically 30dB.
  • the reflectarray antennas proposed in the prior state of the art have several drawbacks and limitations.
  • the most severe limitation in reflectarray antennas is associated to their operation in a narrow frequency band, which has been alleviated by several techniques, including stacked patches, multiple resonant cells (dipoles and rings) and optimization techniques.
  • the cross-polarisation must be reduced as much as possible for dual-polarisation reflectarrays, particularly for contoured beam antennas in Space applications, where a high isolation between polarisations is required.
  • Several concepts have been proposed in the last decades in order to reduce the coupling between polarisations.
  • the reflectarray elements are constituted by narrow band printed dipoles, and the concepts proposed to reduce the cross-polarisation are not compatible with other broad-band reflectarray elements as staked patches or multiple resonant cells.
  • the proposed reflectarray antennas exhibit a narrow band characteristic peculiar of conventional single-layer reflectarrays, not being suitable for most commercial applications.
  • the invention relates to a dual-linear polarization reflectarray antenna with improved cross-polarization properties according to claim 1, and to a method for obtaining said antenna according to claim 11.
  • Preferred embodiments of the antenna and of the method are defined in the dependent claims.
  • the dual-linear polarization reflectarray antenna comprises a reflectarray and a primary feed configured to illuminate an array of phasing cells of the reflectarray, each phasing cell comprising at least one dielectric layer and a conductive plane, each dielectric layer having at least one conductive element printed on its surface, the size of each conductive element of each phasing cell being determined to produce a previously defined radiation beam.
  • the key aspect of the present invention is that each conductive element of each phasing cell is disposed in a previously calculated orientation with respect to the phasing cell so as to reduce the cross-polarization effect, wherein said orientation is dependent upon the particular phasing cell considered.
  • a reflectarray coordinate system (X R , Y R , Z R ) can be considered, with axis Z R perpendicular to the reflectarray. It can also be considered in each phasing cell i a local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ) centred in the cell and parallel to the reflectarray coordinate system (X R , Y R , Z R ).
  • the at least one conductive element of each dielectric layer of each phasing cell i comprises a conductive patch which symmetry axes (X Pi , Y Pi ) form a previously calculated angle ⁇ i with respect to the corresponding axes (X Ri , Y Ri ) of the local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ), said angle ⁇ i being dependent upon the particular phasing cell i considered.
  • the conductive patches of the reflectarray can have any of the following shapes: rectangular-shaped, square-shaped, cross-shaped, elliptical-shaped, polygonal-shaped.
  • the angle ⁇ i can be selected such that the propagation direction of the incident field coming from the feed to said phasing cell i is contained in a symmetry plane of the conductive patch of each dielectric layer of the phasing cell i .
  • the at least one conductive element of each dielectric layer of each phasing cell i comprises a first set of parallel conductive dipoles printed on a side of the dielectric layer and a second set of parallel conductive dipoles printed on the opposite side of the dielectric layer, the phasing cell i comprising at least one further dielectric layer to separate the at least one dielectric layer from the conductive plane.
  • the first set of parallel conductive dipoles are oriented such that its associated axis Y Di , parallel to said first set of dipoles, forms a previously calculated angle ⁇ yi with respect to the corresponding axis (Y Ri ) of the local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ), and the second set of parallel conductive dipoles is oriented such that its associated axis (X Di ), parallel to said second set of dipoles, forms a previously calculated angle ⁇ xi with respect to the corresponding axis (X Ri ) of the local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ), said angles ⁇ yi and ⁇ xi being dependent upon the particular phasing cell i considered.
  • each phasing cell i comprises at least one pair of dielectric layers with a first set of parallel conductive dipoles printed on a side of one dielectric layer and a second set of parallel conductive dipoles printed on the other dielectric layer.
  • the first set of parallel conductive dipoles is oriented such that its associated axis Y Di , parallel to said first set of dipoles, forms a previously calculated angle ⁇ yi with respect to the corresponding axis (Y Ri ) of the local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ), and the second set of parallel conductive dipoles is oriented such that its associated axis X Di , parallel to said second set of dipoles, forms a previously calculated angle ⁇ xi with respect to the corresponding axis (X Ri ) of the local coordinate system (X Ri , Y Ri , Z Ri ), said angles ⁇ yi and ⁇ xi being dependent upon the particular phasing cell i considered.
  • the angle ⁇ yi can be selected, for each phasing cell, such that the axis Y Di defining the direction of the first set of conductive dipoles is contained in the plane of incidence of the field coming from the feed to the said phasing cell i, and the angle ⁇ xi can be selected such that the axis X Di defining the direction of the second set of conductive dipoles is perpendicular to the plane of incidence of the field coming from the feed to the said phasing cell i.
  • each conductive element of each phasing cell i can be selected such that there is a phase-shift of 180 degrees between the two components of the reflected electric field parallel to the axes associated to the conductive elements (X Pi , YPi ; X Di , Y Di ), being the orientation of each conductive element of each phasing cell i such that the total cross-polarization produced by both geometrical projections and coupling in the phasing cell is minimised in a prefixed frequency band and for the two linear polarizations.
  • the phasing cells can be arranged, in all cases, in any of the following dispositions: a rectangular lattice, a square lattice, a triangular lattice, an hexagonal lattice, non-periodic array, sparse arrangement.
  • each conductive element of those phasing cells where the angle of incidence ⁇ i of the field coming from the feed with respect to the axis Z R is lower than a predetermined threshold angle ⁇ t can be selected such that the axes associated to the corresponding conductive element (X Pi , Y Pi ; X Di , Y Di ) are parallel to the corresponding axes (X R , Y R ) of the reflectarray coordinate system (X R , Y R , Z R ).
  • a method for obtaining a dual-linear polarization reflectarray antenna with improved cross-polarization properties comprises:
  • each conductive element of each phasing cell can be calculated such that the propagation direction of the incident field coming from the feed to the said phasing cell i is contained in a symmetry plane of said conductive element.
  • the step of calculating the orientation of each conductive element comprises minimising, by using an optimisation routine, the total cross-polarization produced by both geometrical projections and coupling in the phasing cell, in a prefixed frequency band and for the two linear polarizations.
  • the step of calculating the orientation of each conductive element comprises:
  • the method can further comprise:
  • a reflectarray antenna comprising a plurality of broad-band phasing elements made of one or several layers of varying-sized conductive patches or dipoles printed on a dielectric substrate over a conductive ground plane is proposed, in which the printed patches are individually rotated in order to reduce the cross-polarisation.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective of a reflectarray (1) illuminated by a feed (2).
  • an adjustment is introduced in the phase of the reflected field so that the divergent field coming from the feed (2) is reflected as a collimated or a shaped beam in a given direction (4).
  • reflectarray antennas can be designed to be compliant with most of the requirements for communications satellites, being the most critical ones the bandwidth and the low cross-polarisation levels required for dual-polarisation antennas. Although reflectarrays produce low cross-polarization, this might not be sufficient to remain compliant with the specifications of Telecommunication missions in dual linear polarization.
  • the cross-polarization is produced by two different phenomena: the first one is the generation of the orthogonal component of the field on the reflectarray surface produced by the field projections when illuminated by a linear-polarised feed, and the second one is the coupling of polarisations produced at the conductive patches.
  • the second factor is the most significant in a reflectarray and increases when the patches are near the resonance. In a reflectarray antenna the angle of incidence at each element varies with the element position on the array, and so the level of cross polarisation produced by both phenomena, coupling and field projections.
  • the cross polarisation levels are only significant in those areas of the reflectarray where the angles of incidence ( ⁇ i , ⁇ i ) are far away from the principal planes and predominantly for large values of ⁇ i , therefore the reduction of the cross-polarisation is particularly necessary in those zones.
  • Figure 2 shows a lateral and front views of a reflectarray cell of dimensions p x by p y with two stacked conductive patches, where the phase of the reflected field is adjusted by varying the patch dimensions.
  • the reflectarray element consists of a first rectangular conductive patch (5) of dimensions a 1 xb 1 , a dielectric layer (6) of thickness t 1 , a second rectangular conductive patch (7) of dimensions a 2 xb 2 , a second dielectric layer (8) of thickness t 2 , and a conductive plane (9).
  • Figure 3 depicts a perspective of a reflectarray cell comprising three parallel conductive dipoles (10, 11 and 12) printed on the top side of a dielectric layer (13) and three conductive dipoles (14, 15 and 16) perpendicular to the first ones, printed on the bottom side of the dielectric layer (13), separated from a conductive plane (17) by another dielectric layer (18), where the phase of the reflected field for each linear polarization is controlled independently by varying the lengths of the dipoles printed on each side of the top dielectric layer (13).
  • a reflectarray comprising a plurality of broad-band phasing elements, which are made of one or several layers of varying-sized conductive patches ( Fig. 2 ) or dipoles ( Fig. 3 ) printed on dielectric layers above a conductive plane, has been designed to generate or to receive the same beam in the two orthogonal polarisations, a small rotation of the patches will practically no alter the co-polar radiation patterns, but it will modify significantly the cross-polar patterns. Then, the patches on the reflectarray can be individually rotated at each cell to minimise the cross-polarisation produced at each reflectarray cell.
  • the local periodicity approach can be used, i.e.
  • each phasing element i is assumed located in a periodic planar array with all the elements rotated by the same angle ⁇ i (specified in Fig. 6 ) with respect to the reflectarray coordinate system (X R Y R ).
  • the co- and cross-polar components of the reflected field are computed independently at each cell assuming local periodicity and from them, the co- and cross-polar radiation patterns of the reflectarray antenna are computed.
  • a first principal object of this invention is a reflectarray antenna formed by a planar array of phasing cells arranged in a rectangular lattice, where each cell is made of one or several layers of varying-sized patches or dipoles printed on dielectric layers placed above a conductive plane, which are designed by adjusting their dimensions to produce the phase-shift in the reflected field required to collimate or to shape the beam in dual-linear polarisation (vertical and horizontal) in a given frequency band, when illuminated by a feed (2) located at a focal point (in transmit mode); or to receive radio-frequency signals from a given direction in dual-linear polarisation and in the same frequency band, by concentrating them at the focal point where the feed is located; where the patches are individually rotated at each cell with respect to the rectangular lattice in order to minimise the cross-polarisation produced at each reflectarray cell.
  • the phasing cells in the reflectarray antenna can be arranged not only in a rectangular lattice, but also in different types of lattices, such as square, triangular, hexagonal or following a different type of pattern, including non regular arrangements of the elements. Triangular lattices can be used to achieve a more dense distribution of the elements in the array, or to interleave reflectarray elements for different frequency or different polarisation. On the other side, non-regular lattices, such as sparse or non-periodic arrays can be used to reduce the total number of elements in the reflectarray, which is particularly important when the phasing elements include switches or other control devices.
  • each element of the reflectarray consists of several stacked layers of conductive patches (5,7) separated by dielectric sheets (6,8) with an angle of rotation ⁇ i respect the rectangular lattice, all of them placed above a conductive ground plane (9), considering in each layer squared or rectangular patches, or conductive patches with other geometric shapes that allow independent adjustment in two dimensions to control the phase of the reflected field for the two orthogonal polarisations of the incident field, such as cross-shaped metallisations, where the phase for each polarisation is controlled with the length of each arm of the crosses.
  • the symmetry axes of the stacked patches in the element i are rotated ⁇ i degrees with respect to the local coordinate axes X Ri Y Ri which are parallel to the reflectarray coordinate axes X R Y R .
  • the conductive patches can be printed on a thin dielectric layer, which are bonded to the dielectric separators (6,8) by a bonding film, so that the number of dielectric layers between the conductive ground plane (9) and the conductive patches (7), or between stacked conductive patches (5,7), can be increased for structural concerns or for technological reasons in the manufacturing process.
  • the use of several layers with printed patches (two, three or even more) allows phase curves as a function of the patch size to be less sensitive to frequency variations, which produces an increase in bandwidth.
  • the dimensions of the stacked patches can be optimised to provide the required beam shaping in the whole working band and the angles of rotation will be adjusted to minimise the cross-polarisation, in order be compliant with the stringent requirements in bandwidth and cross-polarisation.
  • each reflectarray cell comprises several parallel conductive dipoles of different length in the same plane, typically two or three dipoles (10,11,12), printed on the same side of a first dielectric layer (13) forming an angle ⁇ yi with respect to the local coordinate axis Y Ri in the i reflectarray cell for phase control in one polarisation, and a set of two or three conductive dipoles (14, 15, 16) printed on the opposite side of the dielectric layer (13) forming an angle ⁇ xi with respect to the local coordinate axis X Ri in the i reflectarray cell for the phase control in the orthogonal polarisation, where the lengths of the dipoles in each cell are adjusted to produce the required collimated or shaped beam in dual-linear polarisation in a given frequency band, and the angles of rotation are adjusted on each cell to minimise the cross-polarisation, being the angle of rotation identical for all the parallel dipoles in the same cell.
  • the dipoles are
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is to use reflectarray cells with two or more stacked layers of parallel dipoles to adjust the phase in one polarisation (vertical) and two or more stacked layers of parallel dipoles in the orthogonal polarisation (horizontal), including several dielectric layers between the conductive ground plane and the conductive dipoles, or between adjacent layers with parallel dipoles, where the dipoles for each polarisation are rotated to minimise the cross-polarisation.
  • This configuration with several stacked layers of parallel dipoles for each polarisation allows designing reflectarray antennas for dual or multiple frequency operation, where the phase is adjusted at several frequency bands by varying the dimensions of the parallel dipoles in the different stacked layers.
  • This configuration can also be used for the design of an antenna in the frequency bands assigned for transmission and reception, or to achieve a larger bandwidth.
  • a systematic procedure is proposed to adjust the angle of rotation in each reflectarray cell.
  • the resulting array layout for the first layer of varying-sized patches is depictured in figure 4 .
  • Figure 5 shows the co-polar (in continuous line) and cross-polar (in broken line) radiation patterns in a plane tilted by 20 degrees with respect to the coordinate plane Y R Z R (for the reflectarray previously described) for the linear polarization with the electric field contained on the X R Z R plane. Since the cross-polarisation is increased for larger angles of incidence, the first step is to identify the reflectarray elements in which the angle of incidence ( ⁇ i in Fig. 1 ) is higher than a prefixed threshold angle ⁇ t , in order to introduce the appropriate rotation in those elements. Then, the rotation angle for the patches in the reflectarray elements illuminated under an angle of incidence ( ⁇ i in Fig.
  • the threshold angle ⁇ t is defined to rotate those elements that mostly contribute to the cross-polarisation.
  • Figure 8 represents a perspective of a reflectarray (1) made of varying-sized patches illuminated by a feed (2), in which the printed patches are rotated in each phasing cell (3) in order to reduce the cross-polarisation.
  • a method based on the rotation of patches for improving the cross-polarisation properties in a reflectarray antenna comprising a plurality of elements made of one or more layers of varying-sized conductive rectangular patches or dipoles, that has been designed by adjusting the dimensions of the conductive patches by a technique known in previous state of the art in order to generate or receive a collimated or a shaped beam in a prefixed frequency band for dual linear polarisation, being the method defined by the following steps: first, the cross polarisation produced on the reflectarray elements is computed; second, a threshold ⁇ t is defined for the angle of incidence so that those elements where the angle of the incidence with respect to Z R axis is lower than the threshold produce a cross-polarisation lower than a certain level for the two orthogonal polarisations said vertical and horizontal; and third, for those elements where the angle of incidence is higher than the prefixed threshold angle ⁇ t , the rotation angle ⁇ i of the printed conductive
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for improving the cross-polarisation properties in a reflectarray antenna wherein the rotation angle of the patches or dipoles in each cell is obtained by an optimisation routine to minimize in a prefixed frequency band the total cross-polarization, produced by geometrical projections and patch coupling, for the two linear polarisations (vertical and horizontal), in such a way that the cross-polarisation introduced by the patch coupling should partially compensate the component produced by the geometrical projections. Since the component of cross-polarisation produced by the geometry projections is more significant in one polarisation (the one with electric field in Y R direction), the rotation must be optimised to minimise, in the defined frequency band, the overall cross-polarisation for the two linear polarisations.
  • Another method to improve the cross-polarisation of the reflectarray is based on the fact that the cross-polarisation radiation, including both contributions from patch coupling and field projections, represents an undesired rotation of the radiated electric field by an angle y, and this effect can be reduced by a small rotation of the electric-field vector reflected on the reflectarray, by applying the technique schematically depicted in Figure 11 and explained hereafter.
  • the incident electric field can be broken-down into two components parallel to the patch sides; if the reflectarray cells are designed so that the phase of the reflected field in one of the components (Y Pi ) is increased by 180 degrees with respect to the phase of the reflected electric field in the other component (X Pi ), which means a change of sign in this field component, the resulting reflected electric field will be rotated by an angle equal to 2 ⁇ with respect the incident field.
  • Each patch can be rotated so that the reflected electric field is parallel to one of the axes of the reflectarray coordinate system X R Y R , in order to cancel the total cross-polarisation. Note that the same angle will be rotated for the field of the two polarisations (vertical and horizontal).
  • the use of this technique is proposed in the present invention to rotate the reflected field at each reflectarray cell in order to minimise the cross-polarisation in both linear polarisations. Since the rotation angles required to completely cancel the cross-polarisation in general will not be the same for the two linear polarisations, the rotation angle will be determined by using an optimisation routine in order to minimise simultaneously the cross-polarisation in both linear polarisations for the required frequency band.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for improving the cross-polarisation of a reflectarray made of one or several layers of varying-sized patches or dipoles designed to produce or to receive a focused or a contoured beam in a prefixed frequency band for both orthogonal lineal polarisations (vertical and horizontal), where the dimensions of patches in the reflectarray elements have been optimised to produced a phase-shift of 180 degrees between the two orthogonal components of the reflected electric field parallel to the patch sides in order to produce a rotation of the reflected electric field ( Fig. 11 ), and where the rotation angle of the patches in each cell is optimised to minimise the total cross-polarisation for both linear polarisations (vertical and horizontal) in a prefixed frequency band.
  • the cross-polarization produced by the patches will partially compensate the cross-polarization produced by the projection of the field radiated by the feed.
  • the patch arrays are manufactured by conventional photo-etching techniques and the different layers of conductive patches, ground plane and dielectric layers can be bonded by well known curing processes used for sandwich manufacturing using composite materials and honeycomb cores. These processes are not affected by the patch orientations.
  • Another object of this invention consists of its application for antennas in Telecom satellites, where the dimensions and rotation of the patches are optimised to radiate, receive or radiate and receive a collimated or a contoured beam providing the same coverage in dual linear polarisation (vertical and horizontal).
  • a shaped reflector such as those used in satellites for direct broadcast television, consists of a reflector with deformities on its surface, so that the radiation pattern illuminates a certain geographical area.
  • the design and construction of shaped reflectors is carried out specifically for each coverage, requiring moulds, which are very expensive to manufacture and cannot be reused for other antennas.
  • the proposed reflectarray antenna and its design process for cross-polarisation improvement can be used to design Telecom satellite antennas with the same electrical performances as those provided by shaped reflectors, providing a significant reduction in the production costs and time because of the elimination of the custom moulds.
  • the technology and the materials to be used in the realisation of the reflectarray antenna are chosen.
  • 3-mm thick Quartz honeycomb has been chosen for the dielectric separators (6,8) between the layers with printed conductive patches, which has a relative dielectric constant of 1.06 and a loss tangent of 10 -3 .
  • the arrays of rectangular metallic patches are generated by photo-etching from a 50-micron thick Kapton (trademark for a poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide material) film with an 18 micron copper cladding.
  • the Kapton has a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 3x10 -3 .
  • the conductive patches printed on the Kapton layers are bonded to the honeycomb using a 76-micron thick quartz-fibre fabric pre-impregnated with resin, with relative dielectric constant of 3.2 and a loss tangent of 4x 10 -3 .
  • the last honeycomb layer is bonded to the conductive ground plane by another quartz-fibre layer.
  • the periodic cell is shown in figure 5 for the case of two layers of rectangular patches, where the thin layers of Kapton and quartz have not been shown.
  • a reflectarray antenna is designed to produce or receive a collimated or a shaped beam with the same beam shaping in the two orthogonal polarisations, said vertical and horizontal.
  • the feed-horn produces an illumination on the reflectarray edges 9dB below the illumination level at the reflectarray centre.
  • the phase distribution of the reflected field required to produce the defined collimated beam for both linear polarisations is obtained.
  • the required phase distribution on the reflectarray in one polarisation is increased 180 degrees with respect the phase of the other polarisation.
  • the patch dimensions are adjusted to obtain the previous phase distributions for each linear polarisation, said vertical and horizontal.
  • a zero finding routine that calls iteratively an analysis routine is used.
  • the phase of the reflected field is computed for each polarisation in every cell assuming local periodicity, i.e. analysing each element with its dimensions in a periodic environment.
  • the routine calls the analysis program and adjusts the dimensions of each element until the required phase is obtained for each polarisation. Note that the phase in one polarisation is increased 180 degrees with respect to the other one.
  • the rotation angle at each reflectarray element is determined by using an optimisation routine.
  • the optimisation routine can be based on a gradient technique that provides the rotation angle at each element that minimises an error function, which accounts for the levels of cross-polarisation at the element for both linear polarisations and at several frequencies in the defined frequency band.
  • the reflectarray is manufactured.
  • the photo-etching masks for each reflectarray layer are generated from the file with the dimensions of the patches and the angles of rotation for each element obtained in the design stage.
  • the traditional photo-etching techniques used in the production of printed circuits can be used and the different layers are bonded by using conventional curing processes.
  • This invention can be applied to reflector antennas in satellite communications, with significant advantages compared to conventional parabolic or shaped reflectors, or other reflectarray antennas available in the prior state of the art.
  • the present invention allows to fulfil the stringent requirements in bandwidth and cross-polarisation for dual-polarisation antennas in Direct Broadcast and Telecommunications Satellites, keeping the advantages of a flat panel and the simplicity of manufacturing.
  • the planar characteristic Because of the planar characteristic, it can be built in several pieces to be folded and later deployed, being of great use in applications in which large reflectors are required.
  • the reflector surface can be fitted to existing structures, such as structural planes in communication satellites. It can be used as a dual polarisation reflector with an isolation level between polarisations better than those obtained with conventional reflectors.
  • the present invention can be built using space qualified materials and a technology already developed in space applications for the manufacture of dichroic subreflectors. Therefore, this type of reflectarray with rotated patches is very suitable for a significant range of applications in the space industry as an alternative to the different types of onboard shaped reflectors in satellites, such as carbon fibre reflectors, dual-gridded reflectors or metallic mesh reflectors.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP10290640.1A 2009-12-10 2010-12-03 Doppelpolarisierungsreflektionsarray-Antenne mit verbesserten Kreuzpolarisierungseigenschaften Active EP2337152B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200931140A ES2339099B2 (es) 2009-12-10 2009-12-10 Antena reflectarray de polarizacion dual lineal con propiedades de polarizacion cruzada mejoradas.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2337152A1 true EP2337152A1 (de) 2011-06-22
EP2337152B1 EP2337152B1 (de) 2017-05-31

Family

ID=42126182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10290640.1A Active EP2337152B1 (de) 2009-12-10 2010-12-03 Doppelpolarisierungsreflektionsarray-Antenne mit verbesserten Kreuzpolarisierungseigenschaften

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2337152B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2339099B2 (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103490156A (zh) * 2013-09-29 2014-01-01 东南大学 与平面馈源一体化集成的毫米波折合式反射阵天线
CN103887604A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 清华大学 民用平面卫星接收天线
JP2014165590A (ja) * 2013-02-22 2014-09-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp アンテナ装置
RU2552142C2 (ru) * 2013-06-19 2015-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Концерн радиостроения "Вега" Оптическая фазированная антенная решетка
WO2015166296A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2015-11-05 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Wideband reflectarray antenna for dual polarization applications
CN105356066A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-24 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 一种X/Ku频段双频双极化微带平板反射阵列天线
CN104269651B (zh) * 2014-09-15 2017-02-15 电子科技大学 一种用于同时同频全双工系统的反射阵天线
CN107104287A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-08-29 南京航空航天大学 基于重叠反射单元的宽带单层极化分束平面反射阵列天线
CN107968243A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2018-04-27 北京无线电测量研究所 一种馈源装配及角度调整装置
CN109786976A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2019-05-21 西安工业大学 基于多层fss结构多功能圆极化转换器阵列、无线通信系统
US10553940B1 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-02-04 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
CN111403921A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-07-10 南京信息工程大学 一种线极化波任意极化角度转换器
EP3716402A4 (de) * 2017-12-15 2021-01-06 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenneneinheit und gruppenantenne
CN112201964A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-08 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 一种反射传输阵列天线及其构建方法
CN112421242A (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-26 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 一种极宽带综合口径阵列天线的布阵方法
CN115313063A (zh) * 2022-05-30 2022-11-08 南京星航通信技术有限公司 一种反射式面天线

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108511889B (zh) * 2018-01-30 2020-02-21 西安电子科技大学 一种微带反射阵天线
CN110224229A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-09-10 曲阜师范大学 一种宽带反射型电磁波极化旋转超表面
CN112909483A (zh) * 2021-01-15 2021-06-04 大连理工大学 充气展开式壳膜反射面天线反射器
CN113922077B (zh) * 2021-10-21 2023-03-14 西安电子科技大学 一种基于极化转换带宽相互叠加的超宽带rcs减缩超表面
CN114759359B (zh) * 2022-04-06 2023-05-05 南京理工大学 一种新型单层宽带圆极化反射阵列天线
CN114709630B (zh) * 2022-04-18 2024-05-28 山西大学 一种工作在c波段和x波段的单层双频反射阵列天线

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4684952A (en) 1982-09-24 1987-08-04 Ball Corporation Microstrip reflectarray for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction
US4905014A (en) 1988-04-05 1990-02-27 Malibu Research Associates, Inc. Microwave phasing structures for electromagnetically emulating reflective surfaces and focusing elements of selected geometry
US5543809A (en) 1992-03-09 1996-08-06 Martin Marietta Corp. Reflectarray antenna for communication satellite frequency re-use applications
US6081234A (en) * 1997-07-11 2000-06-27 California Institute Of Technology Beam scanning reflectarray antenna with circular polarization
EP1120856A1 (de) 1999-06-07 2001-08-01 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Mehrschichtiger planarer reflektor in gedruckter schaltungstechnologie und damit verbundene designmethode
US20010050653A1 (en) 2000-03-14 2001-12-13 Clancy Kevin C. Apparatus and method for reducing polarization cross-coupling in cross dipole reflectarrays
WO2003003507A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Phased array antenna
US20060092087A1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2006-05-04 Lange Mark J Compensating structures and reflector antenna systems employing the same
WO2007051487A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-10 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.) A reflectarry and a millimetre wave radar

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5283590A (en) * 1992-04-06 1994-02-01 Trw Inc. Antenna beam shaping by means of physical rotation of circularly polarized radiators

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4684952A (en) 1982-09-24 1987-08-04 Ball Corporation Microstrip reflectarray for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction
US4905014A (en) 1988-04-05 1990-02-27 Malibu Research Associates, Inc. Microwave phasing structures for electromagnetically emulating reflective surfaces and focusing elements of selected geometry
US5543809A (en) 1992-03-09 1996-08-06 Martin Marietta Corp. Reflectarray antenna for communication satellite frequency re-use applications
US6081234A (en) * 1997-07-11 2000-06-27 California Institute Of Technology Beam scanning reflectarray antenna with circular polarization
EP1120856A1 (de) 1999-06-07 2001-08-01 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Mehrschichtiger planarer reflektor in gedruckter schaltungstechnologie und damit verbundene designmethode
US20010050653A1 (en) 2000-03-14 2001-12-13 Clancy Kevin C. Apparatus and method for reducing polarization cross-coupling in cross dipole reflectarrays
WO2003003507A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Phased array antenna
US20060092087A1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2006-05-04 Lange Mark J Compensating structures and reflector antenna systems employing the same
WO2007051487A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-10 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.) A reflectarry and a millimetre wave radar

Non-Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A.W. ROBINSON; M.E. BIALKOWSKI; H.J. SONG: "An X-band passive reflect-array using dual-feed aperture-coupled patch antennas", ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, December 1999 (1999-12-01), pages 906 - 909
D. G. BERRY; R. G. MALECH; W. A. KENNEDY: "The Reflectarray Antenna", IEEE TRANS. ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGAT., vol. AP-11, 1963, pages 646 - 651
D. M. POZAR; S. D. TARGONSKI; R. POKULS: "A shaped-beam microstrip patch reflectarray", IEEE TRANS. ANTENNAS PROPAGAT., vol. 47, no. 7, July 1999 (1999-07-01), pages 1167 - 1173, XP000849321, DOI: doi:10.1109/8.785748
D. M. POZAR; T. A. METZLER: "Analysis of a reflectarray antenna using microstrip patches of variable size", ELECTR. LETT., vol. 29, no. 8, April 1993 (1993-04-01), pages 657 - 658
J. A. ENCINAR ET AL.: "Dual-Polarization Dual-Coverage Reflectarray for Space Applications", IEEE TRANS. ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAG., vol. 54, no. 10, October 2006 (2006-10-01), pages 2828 - 2837, XP001545352, DOI: doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.882172
J. A. ENCINAR; J. A. ZORNOZA: "Broadband design of three-layer printed reflectarrays", IEEE TRANS. ANTENNAS PROPAGAT., vol. 51, no. 7, July 2003 (2003-07-01), pages 1661 - 1664, XP011068879
J. A. ENCINAR; J. A. ZORNOZA: "Three-layer printed reflectarrays for contoured beam space applications", IEEE TRANS. ANTENNAS PROPAGAT., vol. 52, no. 5, May 2004 (2004-05-01), pages 1138 - 1148, XP001195822, DOI: doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.827506
J. HUANG: "A Ka-Band Microstrip Reflectarray with Elements Having Variable Rotation Angles", IEEE TRANS. ANTENNAS PROPAGAT., vol. 46, no. 5, May 1998 (1998-05-01), pages 650 - 656, XP000750920, DOI: doi:10.1109/8.668907
JOHN HUANG ET AL: "A Ka-Band Microstrip Reflectarray with Elements Having Variable Rotation Angles", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 46, no. 5, 1 May 1998 (1998-05-01), XP011003230, ISSN: 0018-926X *
M. BOZZI; S. GERMANI; L. PERREGRINI: "Performance comparison of different element shapes used in printed reflectarrays", ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 2, no. 1, 2003, pages 219 - 222, XP011427995, DOI: doi:10.1109/LAWP.2003.819687
M.R. CHAHARMIR; J. SHAKER; M. CUHACI; A. SEBAK: "Reflectarray with variable slots on ground plane", IEE PROC.-MICROW. ANTENNAS PROPAG., vol. 150, no. 6, December 2003 (2003-12-01), pages 436 - 439, XP006024370, DOI: doi:10.1049/ip-map:20030547
N. MISRAN; R. CAHILL; V. FUSCO: "Reflection phase response of microstrip stacked ring elements", ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 38, no. 8, April 2002 (2002-04-01), pages 356 - 357, XP006018191, DOI: doi:10.1049/el:20020257

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014165590A (ja) * 2013-02-22 2014-09-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp アンテナ装置
RU2552142C2 (ru) * 2013-06-19 2015-06-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Концерн радиостроения "Вега" Оптическая фазированная антенная решетка
CN103490156A (zh) * 2013-09-29 2014-01-01 东南大学 与平面馈源一体化集成的毫米波折合式反射阵天线
CN103887604A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2014-06-25 清华大学 民用平面卫星接收天线
WO2015166296A1 (en) 2014-04-30 2015-11-05 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Wideband reflectarray antenna for dual polarization applications
US20170179596A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2017-06-22 Agence Spatiale Européenne Wideband reflectarray antenna for dual polarization applications
CN104269651B (zh) * 2014-09-15 2017-02-15 电子科技大学 一种用于同时同频全双工系统的反射阵天线
CN105356066A (zh) * 2015-11-18 2016-02-24 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 一种X/Ku频段双频双极化微带平板反射阵列天线
CN105356066B (zh) * 2015-11-18 2017-12-29 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 一种X/Ku频段双频双极化微带平板反射阵列天线
CN107104287A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-08-29 南京航空航天大学 基于重叠反射单元的宽带单层极化分束平面反射阵列天线
CN107968243B (zh) * 2017-11-06 2019-11-29 北京无线电测量研究所 一种馈源装配及角度调整装置
CN107968243A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2018-04-27 北京无线电测量研究所 一种馈源装配及角度调整装置
US11322858B2 (en) 2017-12-15 2022-05-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenna unit and antenna array
EP3716402A4 (de) * 2017-12-15 2021-01-06 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenneneinheit und gruppenantenne
US10553940B1 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-02-04 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
US10727581B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2020-07-28 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements technical field
US11688938B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2023-06-27 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
US11404775B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2022-08-02 Viasat, Inc. Antenna array with independently rotated radiating elements
CN109786976A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2019-05-21 西安工业大学 基于多层fss结构多功能圆极化转换器阵列、无线通信系统
CN111403921A (zh) * 2019-11-18 2020-07-10 南京信息工程大学 一种线极化波任意极化角度转换器
CN112201964A (zh) * 2020-09-30 2021-01-08 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 一种反射传输阵列天线及其构建方法
CN112201964B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2024-01-16 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 一种反射传输阵列天线及其构建方法
CN112421242A (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-26 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 一种极宽带综合口径阵列天线的布阵方法
CN115313063A (zh) * 2022-05-30 2022-11-08 南京星航通信技术有限公司 一种反射式面天线
CN115313063B (zh) * 2022-05-30 2023-10-10 南京星航通信技术有限公司 一种反射式面天线

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2337152B1 (de) 2017-05-31
ES2339099A1 (es) 2010-05-14
ES2339099B2 (es) 2010-10-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2337152B1 (de) Doppelpolarisierungsreflektionsarray-Antenne mit verbesserten Kreuzpolarisierungseigenschaften
US20170179596A1 (en) Wideband reflectarray antenna for dual polarization applications
Nicholls et al. Full-space electronic beam-steering transmitarray with integrated leaky-wave feed
Abadi et al. Ultra-wideband, true-time-delay reflectarray antennas using ground-plane-backed, miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces
Strassner et al. Circularly polarized reflectarray with microstrip ring elements having variable rotation angles
Encinar Design of two-layer printed reflectarrays using patches of variable size
EP1120856B1 (de) Mehrschichtiger planarer reflektor in gedruckter schaltungstechnologie und damit verbundene designmethode
Encinar et al. Three-layer printed reflectarrays for contoured beam space applications
Chatterjee et al. Frequency-dependent directive radiation of monopole-dielectric resonator antenna using a conformal frequency selective surface
Qu et al. Single-layer dual-band reflectarray with single linear polarization
Tienda et al. Design, manufacturing and test of a dual-reflectarray antenna with improved bandwidth and reduced cross-polarization
Tienda et al. Analysis of a dual-reflectarray antenna
Jagtap et al. A wideband microstrip array design using RIS and PRS layers
Tahseen et al. Broadband performance of novel closely spaced elements in designing Ka-band circularly polarized reflectarray antennas
Ramaccia et al. Metasurface dome for above-the-horizon grating lobes reduction in 5G-NR systems
Baracco et al. A dual frequency Ka-band printed Fresnel reflector for ground terminal applications
Roederer Reflectarray antennas
Encinar et al. A parabolic reflectarray for a bandwidth improved contoured beam coverage
Encinar Recent advances in reflectarray antennas
Jamaluddin et al. Design, fabrication and characterization of a dielectric resonator antenna reflectarray in Ka-band
Ma et al. 3-D printed annular linear-to-circular dielectric polarizer and its applications to omnidirectional and multibeam antennas
Han et al. Control and improvement of antenna gain by using multilayer non-uniform metasurfaces
Chatterjee et al. Planar FSS Based Dual-Band Wire Monopole Antenna for Multi-Directional Radiation With Diverse Beamwidths
Hodgkinson et al. Design of a reconfigurable phase gradient metasurface for beam steering applications
Danchen et al. Investigation on a single-layer microstrip circular-patch/ring-combination reflectarray element

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20111207

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: ARREBOLA BAENA, MANUEL

Inventor name: THE OTHER INVENTORS HAVE AGREED TO WAIVE THEIR ENT

Inventor name: ENCINAR GARCINUNO, JOSE ANTONIO

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20150528

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: ARREBOLA BAENA, MANUEL

Inventor name: MENZEL WOLFGANG

Inventor name: ENCINAR GARCINUNO, JOSE ANTONIO

Inventor name: TOSO GIOVANNI

Inventor name: MANGENOT CYRIL

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H01Q 1/38 20060101ALN20161123BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 1/28 20060101ALI20161123BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 3/46 20060101AFI20161123BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H01Q 1/28 20060101ALI20161221BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 1/38 20060101ALN20161221BHEP

Ipc: H01Q 3/46 20060101AFI20161221BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170112

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: ENCINAR GARCINUNO, JOSE ANTONIO

Inventor name: TOSO, GIOVANNI

Inventor name: MENZEL, WOLFGANG

Inventor name: MANGENOT, CYRIL

Inventor name: ARREBOLA BAENA, MANUEL

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 898213

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20170615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602010042635

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20170531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 898213

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170831

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170930

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170831

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602010042635

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20180301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602010042635

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20171203

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171203

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171203

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20171231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180703

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171203

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171231

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171231

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171231

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20171203

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20101203

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170531

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230123

Year of fee payment: 14