EP2337058A1 - Kompakte Röntgenstrahlenquelle - Google Patents

Kompakte Röntgenstrahlenquelle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2337058A1
EP2337058A1 EP10196315A EP10196315A EP2337058A1 EP 2337058 A1 EP2337058 A1 EP 2337058A1 EP 10196315 A EP10196315 A EP 10196315A EP 10196315 A EP10196315 A EP 10196315A EP 2337058 A1 EP2337058 A1 EP 2337058A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
son
wire
wires
electrons
electron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10196315A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Brasile
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP2337058A1 publication Critical patent/EP2337058A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/28—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by vibration, oscillation, reciprocation, or swash-plate motion of the anode or anticathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K2201/00—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles
    • G21K2201/06—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/081—Target material
    • H01J2235/082—Fluids, e.g. liquids, gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/088—Laminated targets, e.g. plurality of emitting layers of unique or differing materials

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for providing a compact or small X-ray source which includes a set of wires or means for interaction between electrons and the material constituting the wire or the means. interaction, said interaction producing X-radiation.
  • useful diffusion cone will be used to denote a cone whose opening angle is determined according to the type of application and which defines an area in which the electrons recovered after interaction on the wires are useful for forming the X-ray beam.
  • An improvement can also be made by focusing the beam on smaller areas, which reduces the total flow of X-rays produced, but improves the brightness because the source becomes more punctual while improving the thermal balance.
  • the radiation remains nevertheless directional because of the low energy of the electrons.
  • Microcapillary techniques can catch up to X-rays in a solid cone of the order of 10 mradians maximum and increase, to a certain extent, the brilliance of such sources.
  • Another prior art device is based on the same principle, but the wire is replaced by a packet of optical photons and the X-ray is then produced by the inverse Compton effect. There is no more thermal stress since the interaction is done in a vacuum, but it is necessary to recycle electrons and photons to obtain a good level of production of X because of the low efficiency of the interaction.
  • the idea implemented in the device according to the invention consists in particular in causing an electron beam of good normalized emittance ⁇ to emerge and of high energy characterized by the relativistic factor ⁇ and a set of wire elements which will allow an interaction with the electrons and that increase the probability that an electron encounters a wire. It can then be focused on a zone of ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) 0.5 where ⁇ represents the contribution of the magnetic focusing elements under an angle ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) 0.5 .
  • the idea implemented in the present patent application is to reuse the electrons remaining in the useful diffusion cone after having interacted with the first wire disposed at the top of the diffusion cone, because the probability that they interact with other son present in the useful cone of diffusion is not null.
  • the invention relates to a compact device for generating X-ray scattering comprising means for producing (I, II) an electron beam, characterized in that it comprises a network of wires arranged in a useful diffusion cone, so that the electrons of the beam meet at least one of the son of the wired network and produce after X-ray interaction interaction.
  • the network of son is, for example, consists of a set of son arranged along an axis A1 and which are regularly distributed and spaced at the same distance d on said axis.
  • the useful diffusion cone comprises several rows of wires arranged along a plurality of axes A1 ... An.
  • the section of the wires can be variable.
  • the wires are spaced apart by distances d1, d2, d3 whose values are decreasing.
  • the wires are, for example, mounted on supports allowing their movement so that an electron of the electron beam interact with a section of the wire different from that with which the previous electron in the time of the beam has interacted.
  • the yarns may have scrolls in opposite directions for two collinear and contiguous yarns.
  • the wire is made of a material selected from the following list: tungsten, copper, carbon, metal jet, microbeads or is partially formed by a plasma of materials to form a monochromatic filter
  • the device may comprise a retrofitting optics disposed at the outlet of the section III of interaction of the electrons with the wire to increase the directivity of the beam.
  • the figure 1 schematizes an example of a device according to the invention composed of three parts.
  • a first part I consists of an electron gun that produces the electron beam that will be focused in a focusing device, part II, the focused beam is then transmitted to the third part III which is composed of a set son arranged in an arrangement that is a function of the intended application, and in a cone half-angle 1 / ⁇ .
  • the focusing device used must check quality criteria to initially have a scattered electron beam.
  • the X-rays produced by the interaction between the electrons and the wires can then be picked up in a solid angle that can be caught by capillary-type optics.
  • the figure 2 details an example of an arrangement of several wires spaced from each other by an equal distance d, the figure showing the section of the wires 10i, having a diameter D, a radius r.
  • the value of the report Perimeter / surface of the wire section will be chosen for good heat dissipation.
  • the distance d is also chosen to allow radiation heat dissipation
  • the electron gun and the focusing device have generated a beam of quality, that is to say that the electrons are not too dispersed and they are arranged rather around a directional axis.
  • An electron beam has a probability of meeting at least one of the wires arranged in the larger scattering cone than if there is only one target.
  • An electron will thus interact with one or more of the son of the diffraction grating in the cone and the device according to the invention will allow the reuse of electrons that would have had little or no interaction with the first wire and thus remain in the cone. of diffusion.
  • the value of the distance between two wires is also chosen according to the thermal heating resulting from the interaction of an electron with a wire. It can be chosen for example equal to the radius of the wire. It may also vary depending on the position of the wire in the diffusion cone in the case where the heat to be dissipated will be lower on the last wires as indicated on the figure 3 .
  • On the figure 3 are represented several son 11, 12, 13, 14 whose distance decreases on this embodiment with d1>d2> d3.
  • the diameters of the wires 11, 12, 13, 14 may not be equal.
  • the variation of the distances between wires, as well as the arrangement of their axes also make it possible to reconstitute a virtual material whose average density is adjustable inside the diffusion cone. For example, we can imagine a higher density in the axis of the diffusion cone than at its periphery to optimize the X-ray profile.
  • the wire used can be chosen from the list of the following materials: tungsten, carbon of a few micrometers in diameter. etc.
  • the wires will be chosen from materials having good mechanical property (resistance in tension, ductility), thermal (melting point, conductivity) as well as those relating to the braking radiation (atomic number, density, emission line K ⁇ ). Thus depending on the type of application sought copper son, carbon or tungsten will be preferred for example. A combination of multiple materials both for the composition of a yarn and for the combination of yarns of different materials can also be envisaged.
  • son can be expanded by the use of jet of liquid metal for example.
  • the partial sublimation of the metal by a sufficiently intense electron beam can also be sought in order to produce a plasma in the diffusion cone likely to favor the radiation of the K ⁇ line at the expense of the other parts of the spectrum, filtered by the plasma. It is then necessary to avoid the breakage of the wires, which can be obtained by adjusting the running speed of the wires for example to avoid excessive heating.
  • the wire 15 is mounted on a support allowing its displacement relative to the beam.
  • This displacement schematized as being circular on the figure 4 may, without departing from the scope of the invention be linear or follow any other movement compatible with the desired effect, namely, that the electrons of the beam do not interact with the same part of the wire or in one place.
  • figure 5 it is also possible to have several rows of wire in the diffusion cone, along different axes Ai which are parallel to each other.
  • the diameters of the wires may possibly have different section values depending on their positioning in the diffusion cone.
  • the son 20, 21 may be arranged perpendicularly in pairs as indicated on the figure 6 .
  • the figure 7 schematizes a representation of the heating of the wires over time.
  • the round referenced 31 corresponds to a heating at time t (high concentration making it difficult to cool by radiation)
  • the round referenced 32 to a warm-up at time t + 1: Strong dispersion of hot spots for better cooling .
  • the son 30i have a high density in the interaction zone with the electrons but weaker outside: the losses by thermal radiation thus allow the wires to be cooled better than if all the wires were collinear.
  • the invention can be used in some cases to obtain a large average flux linked to the gun with several thousand micro pulses in a macro pulse itself which can be repeated at several tens of Hz.
  • the device according to the invention has the particular advantage of providing an X-ray source having both a lot of power and a highly directive source with a high brightness.
  • the device makes it possible in particular to obtain a very low focus size related to the emittance and the energy of the electron beam, a directivity by simple diffraction or "single scattering" corresponding to a half-cone in 1 / ⁇ where y is the relativistic factor.
EP10196315A 2009-12-22 2010-12-21 Kompakte Röntgenstrahlenquelle Withdrawn EP2337058A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0906260A FR2954664B1 (fr) 2009-12-22 2009-12-22 Source de rayons x compacte.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2337058A1 true EP2337058A1 (de) 2011-06-22

Family

ID=42272512

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10196315A Withdrawn EP2337058A1 (de) 2009-12-22 2010-12-21 Kompakte Röntgenstrahlenquelle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8391443B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2337058A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2954664B1 (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4289969A (en) * 1978-07-10 1981-09-15 Butler Greenwich Inc. Radiation imaging apparatus
FR2783127A1 (fr) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-10 Fabrice David Une source de rayons x a rayonnement de transition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4289969A (en) * 1978-07-10 1981-09-15 Butler Greenwich Inc. Radiation imaging apparatus
FR2783127A1 (fr) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-10 Fabrice David Une source de rayons x a rayonnement de transition

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
TISHCHENKO A A ET AL: "X-ray transition radiation from an ultrarelativistic charge passing near the edge of a target or through a thin wire", NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH, SECTION - B:BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL LNKD- DOI:10.1016/J.NIMB.2004.05.007, vol. 227, no. 1-2, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 63 - 69, XP004656921, ISSN: 0168-583X *
YAMADA H: "Novel X-ray source based on a tabletop synchrotron and its unique features", NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH, SECTION - B:BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL LNKD- DOI:10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01593-8, vol. 199, 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01), pages 509 - 516, XP004403282, ISSN: 0168-583X *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8391443B2 (en) 2013-03-05
US20110268253A1 (en) 2011-11-03
FR2954664B1 (fr) 2012-03-09
FR2954664A1 (fr) 2011-06-24

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