EP2336675A4 - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigerating apparatus

Info

Publication number
EP2336675A4
EP2336675A4 EP09817404.8A EP09817404A EP2336675A4 EP 2336675 A4 EP2336675 A4 EP 2336675A4 EP 09817404 A EP09817404 A EP 09817404A EP 2336675 A4 EP2336675 A4 EP 2336675A4
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerating apparatus
refrigerating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09817404.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2336675A1 (en
Inventor
Takazou Sotojima
Yoshitaka Shibamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daikin Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Daikin Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daikin Industries Ltd filed Critical Daikin Industries Ltd
Publication of EP2336675A1 publication Critical patent/EP2336675A1/en
Publication of EP2336675A4 publication Critical patent/EP2336675A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/32—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in group F04C18/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/322—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in group F04C18/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/356—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • F04C18/3562—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/001—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of similar working principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/02—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for several pumps connected in series or in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • F04C28/26—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/26—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves of fluid flow reversing valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/32—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in group F04C18/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/074—Details of compressors or related parts with multiple cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/027—Compressor control by controlling pressure
    • F25B2600/0272—Compressor control by controlling pressure the suction pressure
EP09817404.8A 2008-09-30 2009-09-08 Refrigerating apparatus Withdrawn EP2336675A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008254569 2008-09-30
JP2008334264A JP5040907B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2008-12-26 Refrigeration equipment
PCT/JP2009/004443 WO2010038360A1 (en) 2008-09-30 2009-09-08 Refrigerating apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2336675A1 EP2336675A1 (en) 2011-06-22
EP2336675A4 true EP2336675A4 (en) 2014-11-19

Family

ID=42073146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09817404.8A Withdrawn EP2336675A4 (en) 2008-09-30 2009-09-08 Refrigerating apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110179822A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2336675A4 (en)
JP (1) JP5040907B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102159906B (en)
WO (1) WO2010038360A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102588285B (en) * 2011-01-18 2014-05-07 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Compressor and air conditioner including same
CN103953544B (en) 2014-04-10 2016-01-27 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Compressor and air conditioner
CN105297370B (en) * 2014-05-29 2019-08-27 青岛胶南海尔洗衣机有限公司 A kind of heat pump clothes dryer and control method with double-exhaust compressor assembly
CN107002678B (en) * 2014-09-04 2019-10-18 斯科普雷加股份公司 Positive displacement compressor
WO2016113785A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2016-07-21 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Refrigeration cycle device and compressor used in same
CN106704189A (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-05-24 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Compressor and heat exchange system
CN106403349B (en) * 2016-11-25 2022-04-15 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 Double-cylinder variable-capacity air conditioning system and control method
EP3557066B1 (en) * 2016-12-19 2021-06-30 Toshiba Carrier Corporation Rotary compressor and refrigeration cycle device
JP6489174B2 (en) * 2017-08-09 2019-03-27 ダイキン工業株式会社 Rotary compressor
CN107560210B (en) * 2017-08-21 2023-11-03 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Refrigerating system
CN107489620B (en) * 2017-09-11 2023-10-03 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 Compressor and air conditioner with same
CN107806415B (en) * 2017-11-24 2023-12-01 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Compressor assembly and refrigerating device with same
CN108533490A (en) * 2018-06-22 2018-09-14 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Compressor and air-conditioning system
CN109519379A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-26 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 A kind of compressor and the electric appliance including the compressor
CN110985384B (en) * 2019-11-29 2023-11-17 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Compressor and refrigeration equipment
CN113250963B (en) * 2020-02-13 2022-07-12 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 Compressor and refrigeration equipment
CN112229101B (en) * 2020-10-26 2022-08-02 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Compressor and air conditioning system
US11885535B2 (en) * 2021-06-11 2024-01-30 Hanon Systems ETXV direct discharge injection compressor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007023993A (en) * 2005-07-21 2007-02-01 Daikin Ind Ltd Two-stage compressor
JP2007232263A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigeration unit
JP2007239666A (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-20 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigerator
WO2008087887A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-24 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compressor

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4594858A (en) * 1984-01-11 1986-06-17 Copeland Corporation Highly efficient flexible two-stage refrigeration system
ZA8562B (en) * 1984-01-11 1985-09-25 Copeland Corp Highly efficient flexible two-stage refrigeration system
JPH0420751A (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-01-24 Toshiba Corp Freezing cycle
JPH10141270A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-05-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Two stage gas compressor
JP2974009B1 (en) * 1998-06-12 1999-11-08 ダイキン工業株式会社 Multi-stage capacity control scroll compressor
JP3723491B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2005-12-07 三洋電機株式会社 Two-stage compression compressor
JP4208620B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2009-01-14 三洋電機株式会社 Refrigerant cycle equipment
CN1816696B (en) * 2003-07-28 2010-04-28 大金工业株式会社 Scroll-type fluid machine
US6983622B2 (en) * 2004-04-20 2006-01-10 Danfoss Commercial Compressors Gas distribution device
US7409833B2 (en) * 2005-03-10 2008-08-12 Sunpower, Inc. Dual mode compressor with automatic compression ratio adjustment for adapting to multiple operating conditions
JP2007146736A (en) * 2005-11-28 2007-06-14 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Rotary compressor
JP2007232280A (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigeration unit
JP2009222329A (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-10-01 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigerating device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007023993A (en) * 2005-07-21 2007-02-01 Daikin Ind Ltd Two-stage compressor
JP2007232263A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigeration unit
JP2007239666A (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-20 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigerator
WO2008087887A1 (en) * 2007-01-17 2008-07-24 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Compressor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2010038360A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010038360A1 (en) 2010-04-08
CN102159906A (en) 2011-08-17
EP2336675A1 (en) 2011-06-22
US20110179822A1 (en) 2011-07-28
JP5040907B2 (en) 2012-10-03
JP2010107178A (en) 2010-05-13
CN102159906B (en) 2013-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2246649A4 (en) Refrigerating apparatus
EP2249104A4 (en) Refrigerating apparatus
PT2267309T (en) Refrigerating apparatus
GB2482993B (en) Refrigeration apparatus
EP2336675A4 (en) Refrigerating apparatus
EP2339264A4 (en) Refrigerating device
EP2367466A4 (en) Rethermalizing apparatus
EP2270405A4 (en) Refrigerating device
EP2309207A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2309204A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2357427A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2264380A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2261578A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2293329A4 (en) Refrigeration apparatus
EP2317250A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2251621A4 (en) Refrigeration device
EP2261581A4 (en) Refrigeration device
HK1152373A1 (en) Refrigeration cycle apparatus
EP2258992A4 (en) Freezing apparatus
EP2105685A4 (en) Refrigerating apparatus
PL2370764T3 (en) Refrigeration device
GB0801809D0 (en) Apparatus
GB0810694D0 (en) Refrigeration apparatus
GB0803180D0 (en) Apparatus
GB0804457D0 (en) Apparatus

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20110406

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20141022

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F04C 18/32 20060101ALI20141016BHEP

Ipc: F04C 23/00 20060101ALI20141016BHEP

Ipc: F25B 1/10 20060101AFI20141016BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170307

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170412

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20170823