EP2333482B1 - Lichtphasenrauschfehlerunterdrücker - Google Patents

Lichtphasenrauschfehlerunterdrücker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2333482B1
EP2333482B1 EP10191264.0A EP10191264A EP2333482B1 EP 2333482 B1 EP2333482 B1 EP 2333482B1 EP 10191264 A EP10191264 A EP 10191264A EP 2333482 B1 EP2333482 B1 EP 2333482B1
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frequency
resonator
resonance
light
laser
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French (fr)
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EP2333482A2 (de
EP2333482A3 (de
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Glen A. Sanders
Tiequn Qiu
Lee K. Strandjord
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/727—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers using a passive ring resonator

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  • US2006159135 A1 discloses a a semiconductor laser device with low optical phase noise achieved by using a highly sensitive optical filter used as a frequency discriminator to measure the frequency fluctuations of the laser, and to apply an electrical signal back to the laser to tune its frequency so as to compensate these optical frequency fluctuations.
  • the light beam produced by the first tunable laser 12 (e.g., CCW laser) is tuned to a frequency f0
  • the light beam produced by the second tunable laser 14 (e.g., CW laser) is tuned to a frequency f0+ ⁇ f.
  • the relative frequency drift and jitter between the two laser frequencies is preferably substantially minimized to a level that minimizes or does not affect the accuracy and stability of the frequency shift, and thus rotational rate, measurement. This can be accomplished by locking the laser frequencies to the resonance frequencies with servos 36, 35 of resonance tracking loops 30 and 32 having sufficient loop gain within the rotation measurement frequency band. Sufficient loop gain is obtained by selecting a modulation frequency that is substantially greater than the required unity gain frequency for the resonance tracking loops 30, 32.
  • the CCW beam is switched between a CCW resonance frequency that is at least one longitudinal resonance mode lower than the resonance frequency of the CW direction and a CCW resonance frequency that is at least one longitudinal resonance mode higher than the resonance frequency of the CW direction.
  • the MFLS assembly 52 comprises an MFLS 58 and an MFLS optics subassembly 60 coupled to an output of the MFLS 58 that routes the modulated light beams to the Sagnac resonator assembly 54 and provides an optical feedback of the modulated light beams to the MFLS.
  • the MFLS optics subassembly 60 includes, but is not necessarily limited to, the two or more slave lasers for generating the modulated light beams in response to control signals from the RTE system 56 and the master reference laser from the reference laser generator 210.
  • the Sagnac resonator assembly 54 comprises resonator coupling optics 62 (e.g., the recirculator 40 and photodetectors 16, 18 shown in FIG.
  • the down conversion noise mechanism imposes a requirement on the optical resonator linewidth that opposes the requirement set by the detection noise.
  • the optical resonator linewidth needs to be sufficiently large, whereas to minimize the impact of detection noise, the linewidth needs to be sufficiently small.
  • the adverse impact of down converted laser frequency noise can be substantially reduced by introducing an optical filter cavity before the frequency discriminator to attenuate laser frequency fluctuations at high frequency as described in more detail below.
  • the optical filter cavity can be fiber ring resonator very similar to the optical resonator used as a frequency discriminator. However, the optical filter cavity is operated in transmission mode.
  • the photodetector 406 sees the intensity fluctuation which is converted linearly to an electrical voltage which is output to the differential amplifier 408.
  • the differential amplifier 408 compares the output of the photodetector 406 with a stable voltage reference.
  • the differential amplifier 408 also introduces sufficient gain into the output of the differential amplifier 408 so that as the laser jitters one way or the other, the noise is taken out using the servo electronics 412 which generates a control signal based on the output of the differential amplifier 408.
  • the control signal is input to a current driver 413 which causes the master laser 402 to adjust the current of the reference laser beam which in turn adjust the frequency. After it is locked, the frequency jitter of the reference laser gets smaller, especially at low frequencies.
  • An alternative reference laser generator is shown and described with respect to FIG. 10 below.
  • the control signal output from the PLLs 102, 104, 106 controls the frequency of the slave lasers based on the mixed light received from the MFLS optics subassembly 60 and a corresponding signal from the RTE system 56.
  • locking the slave lasers to the master laser 402 removes low-frequency jitter, any high-frequency jitter in the slave laser beams is not attenuated by the lock to the reference laser beam.
  • high-frequency jitter refers to noise that is too fast to control via servo loops relying on electronic feedback.
  • low-frequency jitter or fluctuations refers to noise that is controllable via servo loops relying on electronic feedback.
  • the optical filter cavities 416, 417, and 418 are configured so that the intentional modulation of the slave laser beam frequencies is inside the transmittance curve of the optical filter as described in more detail below.
  • the combination of locking the slave laser 82, 84, and 80 to the master laser 402 and passing the light from the slave lasers through optical filter cavities 416, 417, and 418 substantially removes both low and high frequency jitter with minimal to no attenuation of the modulation frequency.
  • At least a portion of the laser beam passes through another of the mirrors, mirror 603 in this example, where it enters an optical fiber coupled to an input of the Sagnac resonator assembly 54.
  • a time-delay is introduced due to traversing the channels 601, 603, 605 of the ring resonator cavity 600.
  • high-frequency jitter is not transmitted through the ring resonator cavity 600 with the modulated laser beam.
  • the optical fiber through which the laser beam from slave laser 782 travels is configured to deliver the laser beam at a different angle than the angle at which the mixed laser beam from slave lasers 780 and 784 enter the optical filter cavity 800.
  • the optical fiber through which the laser beam from slave laser 782 travels is configured to deliver the laser beam at a different angle than the angle at which the mixed laser beam from slave lasers 780 and 784 enter the optical filter cavity 800.
  • only portions of the laser beam from slave laser 782 exit through mirror 803 at the proper angle to enter optical fiber 821 coupled to the CW input of the Sagnac resonator assembly.
  • the laser beams input into the CW input and the CCW input are kept physically isolated from one another as they exit the optical fiber cavity 800.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart depicting one embodiment of a method 1200 of determining a rotational rate of a resonator gyroscope.
  • a plurality of laser beams are generated. For example, in some embodiments, two laser beams are generated for input to a Sagnac resonator, whereas, in other embodiments, three laser beams are generated for input to a Sagnac resonator as described above.
  • generating a plurality of laser beams includes generating a reference laser beam from a master laser in a reference laser generator.
  • FIG. 14 shows an exemplary Bode plot of loop gain for an exemplary feedback loop, such as in reference laser generator 1000, that has been optimized to address the control bandwidth limitation imposed by an exemplary optical filter cavity.
  • the total loop gain roll off is 20 dB per decade of frequency or less when the loop gain crosses unity.
  • the lock point would be at the side of the frequency discriminator resonator where the frequency to intensity conversion factor is high and the non-linearity is low, as described above.
  • exemplary values of the total loop gain include a roll off of 20 dB per decade below the cutoff of the optical filter and 40 dB per decade above the optical filter cutoff frequency.
  • the unity gain crossover frequency is less than the cutoff frequency of the optical filter if a simple electronic integrator is used.
  • FIG. 14 also shows an exemplary Bode plot of an exemplary electronic integrator with a zero, such as servo electronics 1012.
  • the gain of the integrator rolls off at a rate of 20 dB per decade until reaching the zero in it's transfer function, than flattens out above the zero frequency.
  • This allows the overall loop gain to be increased such that the zero frequency occurs well below the unity crossover frequency of the total loop gain and the roll off of the total loop gain is 20 dB per decade at the unity crossover frequency. Therefore by using an integrator with a zero, a feedback loop can be made to have a greater control bandwidth then the cutoff frequency of the optical filter. This allows the cutoff frequency of the optical filter cavity to be set sufficiently low to minimize the adverse impact of down conversion of laser frequency noise.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an optical filter resonator 1500.
  • Silicon optical bench (SiOB) technology is employed in this example to make very small low cost resonators for the optical filter resonator 1500.
  • the resonator fiber 1502 is wound on a Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) tube 1504. This allows control of the resonance frequency of the resonator 1500 via a control voltage.
  • Filter resonator servo electronics 1506 maintains the resonator resonance frequency at the laser frequency. This maximizes the optical throughput through the filter resonator 1500.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Resonatorkreisel (50), umfassend:
    einen Referenzlasergenerator (210), wobei der Referenzlasergenerator umfasst:
    eine Master-Lichtquelle (402), um ein Referenzlicht zu erzeugen;
    einen Frequenzdiskriminator (404), um Frequenzschwankungen des Referenzlichts in Intensitätsschwankungen umzuwandeln;
    einen Fotodetektor (406), um Schwankungen der Intensität eines optischen Ausgangs des Frequenzdiskriminators in eine elektrische Spannung umzuwandeln;
    einen Differenzverstärker (408), um die Ausgangsspannung des Fotodetektors mit einer stabilen Referenzspannung zu vergleichen; und
    Servoelektronik (412), um Steuersignale an die Master-Lichtquelle bereitzustellen, basierend auf einem Ausgang des Differenzverstärkers, um die Master-Lichtquelle derart anzusteuern, dass niederfrequente Schwankungen im Referenzlicht eliminiert werden;
    eine erste Slave-Lichtquelle (82) mit einer ersten Modulationsfrequenz, um ein erstes Slave-Licht mit einer ersten Frequenz bereitzustellen;
    eine erste Phasenregelschleife (Phase-Lock-Loop, PLL) (102), um das erste Slave-Licht mit dem Referenzlicht zu überlagern und die erste Slave-Lichtquelle derart anzusteuern, dass das erste Slave-Licht auf das Referenzlicht eingerastet wird;
    eine zweite Slave-Lichtquelle (84) mit einer zweiten Modulationsfrequenz, um ein zweites Slave-Licht mit einer zweiten Frequenz zu erzeugen;
    eine zweite Phasenregelschleife (PLL) (104), um das zweite Slave-Licht mit dem Referenzlicht zu überlagern und die zweite Slave-Lichtquelle derart anzusteuern, dass das zweite Slave-Licht auf das Referenzlicht eingerastet wird;
    einem ersten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator (416, 716), der mit wenigstens entweder der ersten und/oder der zweiten Slave-Lichtquelle gekoppelt ist, um hochfrequente Schwankungen in dem jeweiligen ersten bzw. zweiten Slave-Licht herauszufiltern;
    einen Resonator (54), der mit der ersten und der zweiten Lichtquelle gekoppelt ist, wobei der Resonator eine erste und eine zweite, entgegengesetzte Ausbreitungsrichtung aufweist und eine Glasfaserspule (24) umfasst, wobei der Resonator ein erstes zirkulierendes Licht durch die Glasfaserspule in der ersten Ausbreitungsrichtung in Umlauf bringt, wobei das erste zirkulierende Licht auf einem Teil des ersten Slave-Lichts basiert;
    und ein zweites zirkulierendes Licht durch die Glasfaserspule in einer zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung in Umlauf bringt, wobei das zweite zirkulierende Licht auf einem Teil des zweiten Slave-Lichts basiert; und
    Resonanznachführelektronik (56), die mit dem Resonator gekoppelt ist, um eine erste Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer ersten Resonanzfrequenz für die erste Ausbreitungsrichtung, eine zweite Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer zweiten Resonanzfrequenz für die zweite, entgegengesetzte Ausbreitungsrichtung und eine dritte Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer dritten Resonanzfrequenz für die zweite, entgegengesetzte Ausbreitungsrichtung zu erzeugen;
    wobei die zweite Resonanzfrequenz wenigstens eine Resonanzmode niedriger ist als die erste Resonanzfrequenz und die dritte Resonanzfrequenz wenigstens eine Resonanzmode höher ist als die erste Resonanzfrequenz und die Drehrate des Resonatorkreisels eine Funktion aus erster, zweiter und dritter Schwebungsfrequenz ist.
  2. Resonatorkreisel nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Referenzlasergenerator ferner umfasst:
    einen optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator, der mit einem Ausgang des Master-Lasers gekoppelt ist, um hochfrequente Schwankungen im Referenzlicht herauszufiltern; und
    einen RIN (Relative Intensity Noise, relatives Intensitätsrauschen)-Servo, der mit einem Ausgang des optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonators gekoppelt ist, um Intensitätsschwankungen im Referenzlicht herauszuregeln.
  3. Resonatorkreisel nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Frequenzdiskriminator einen optischen Resonator umfasst, der in seiner Resonanzkurve einen linearen Abschnitt aufweist, und wobei die Servoelektronik die Master-Lichtquelle auf eine Frequenz im linearen Abschnitt der Resonanzkurve derart einrastet, dass Frequenzschwankungen linear in Intensitätsschwankungen umgewandelt werden.
  4. Resonatorkreisel nach Anspruch 1, ferner umfassend:
    eine dritte Slave-Lichtquelle mit einer dritten Modulationsfrequenz, um ein drittes Slave-Licht mit einer dritten Frequenz zu erzeugen; und
    eine dritte Phasenregelschleife (PLL), um das dritte Slave-Licht mit dem Referenzlicht zu überlagern und die dritte Slave-Lichtquelle derart anzusteuern, dass das dritte Slave-Licht auf das Referenzlicht eingerastet wird;
    wobei der Resonator ein drittes zirkulierendes Licht durch die Glasfaserspule in der zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung in Umlauf bringt, wobei das dritte zirkulierende Licht auf einem Teil des dritten Slave-Lichts basiert.
  5. Resonatorkreisel nach Anspruch 4, ferner umfassend:
    einen zweiten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator, der mit der zweiten Slave-Lichtquelle gekoppelt ist, um hochfrequente Schwankungen im zweiten Slave-Licht herauszufiltern; und
    einen dritten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator, der mit der dritten Slave-Lichtquelle gekoppelt ist, um hochfrequente Schwankungen im dritten Slave-Licht herauszufiltern;
    wobei der erste optische Filter-Hohlraumresonator mit der ersten Slave-Lichtquelle gekoppelt ist, um hochfrequente Schwankungen im ersten Slave-Licht herauszufiltern.
  6. Resonatorkreisel nach Anspruch 1, ferner einen RIN (Relative Intensity Noise, relatives Intensitätsrauschen)-Servo umfassend, der mit einem Ausgang des ersten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonators gekoppelt ist, um Intensitätsschwankungen in dem Licht, das vom ersten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator ausgegeben wird, herauszuregeln.
  7. Verfahren (1200) zum Bestimmen einer Drehrate eines Resonatorkreisels, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Erzeugen mehrerer Laserstrahlen (1202);
    Hindurchleiten der mehreren Laserstrahlen durch einen optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator, um hochfrequente Schwankungen aus jedem der mehreren Laserstrahlen (1204) zu eliminieren;
    Einrasten jedes der mehreren Laserstrahlen auf eine Frequenz eines linearen Abschnitts einer Resonanzkurve eines Referenzresonators, um niederfrequente Schwankungen aus jedem der mehreren Laserstrahlen (1206) zu eliminieren;
    Bereitstellen eines der mehreren Laserstrahlen an einen Sagnac-Resonator in einer ersten Ausbreitungsrichtung (1208) ;
    Bereitstellen wenigstens eines der mehreren Laserstrahlen an den Sagnac-Resonator in einer zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung (1210);
    Bestimmen einer ersten Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer ersten Resonanzfrequenz für die erste Ausbreitungsrichtung (1212);
    Bestimmen einer zweiten Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer zweiten Resonanzfrequenz für die zweite, entgegengesetzte Ausbreitungsrichtung, wobei die zweite Resonanzfrequenz wenigstens eine Resonanzmode niedriger ist als die erste Resonanzfrequenz (1214); und
    Bestimmen einer dritten Schwebungsfrequenz basierend auf einer dritten Resonanzfrequenz für die zweite, entgegengesetzte Ausbreitungsrichtung, wobei die dritte Resonanzfrequenz wenigstens eine Resonanzmode höher ist als die erste Resonanzfrequenz (1216);
    wobei die Drehrate des Resonatorkreisels eine Funktion aus erster, zweiter und dritter Schwebungsfrequenz ist.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Bereitstellen wenigstens eines der mehreren Laserstrahlen an den Sagnac-Resonator in der zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung umfasst:
    Bereitstellen eines zweiten Laserstrahls, der auf die zweite Resonanzfrequenz eingestellt ist, an den Sagnac-Resonator in der zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung und Bereitstellen eines dritten Laserstrahls, der auf die dritte Resonanzfrequenz eingestellt ist, an den Sagnac-Resonator in der zweiten, entgegengesetzten Ausbreitungsrichtung.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Hindurchleiten jedes der mehreren Laserstrahlen durch einen optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator umfasst, jeden der mehreren Laserstrahlen durch einen separaten optischen Filter-Hohlraumresonator für jeden der mehreren Laserstrahlen hindurchzuleiten.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, ferner umfassend:
    Hindurchleiten eines oder mehrerer der mehreren Laserstrahlen durch einen RIN (Relative Intensity Noise, relatives Intensitätsrauschen)-Servo, um Intensitätsschwankungen in den ein oder mehreren Laserstrahlen der mehreren Laserstrahlen herauszuregeln.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Einrasten jedes der mehreren Laserstrahlen auf eine Frequenz eines linearen Abschnitts der Resonanzkurve des Referenzresonators umfasst, einen ersten Laserstrahl der mehreren Laserstrahlen direkt auf eine Frequenz eines linearen Abschnitts der Resonanzkurve des Referenzresonators einzurasten; und
    die anderen Laserstrahlen der mehreren Laserstrahlen auf den ersten Laserstrahl einzurasten.
EP10191264.0A 2009-12-13 2010-11-15 Lichtphasenrauschfehlerunterdrücker Active EP2333482B1 (de)

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US28599009P 2009-12-13 2009-12-13
US12/644,271 US8009296B2 (en) 2009-12-13 2009-12-22 Light-phase-noise error reducer

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US8009296B2 (en) 2011-08-30
JP5690559B2 (ja) 2015-03-25
JP2011145283A (ja) 2011-07-28
US20110141477A1 (en) 2011-06-16
EP2333482A2 (de) 2011-06-15
EP2333482A3 (de) 2012-03-07

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