EP2330577A1 - Smoke alarm with infrared coverage monitoring - Google Patents
Smoke alarm with infrared coverage monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- EP2330577A1 EP2330577A1 EP10193674A EP10193674A EP2330577A1 EP 2330577 A1 EP2330577 A1 EP 2330577A1 EP 10193674 A EP10193674 A EP 10193674A EP 10193674 A EP10193674 A EP 10193674A EP 2330577 A1 EP2330577 A1 EP 2330577A1
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- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- diodes
- transmission signals
- inlet openings
- receiving diode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
- G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
- G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
Definitions
- Smoke detectors are used for the early detection of fires. There are various detection principles known as radioactive or optical scattered light, just to name two. Smoke detectors intended for use in commercial or industrial plants must comply with the properties and functions of, inter alia, DIN EN 54-ff.
- the demand of the customer is a standalone smoke detector, which, in contrast to the industrial alarms, also has the alarm display function as well as an alarm that indicates the presence of a danger to the user present.
- the smoke detector which is operated as a standalone smoke detector, must have its own power supply, since it is not supplied via a mains network from the fire alarm control panel, as in industrial alarms.
- CEN / TC72 developed the European standard DIN EN 14604 "Smoke detectors" as a product standard for the residential sector at European level.
- This European standard is mandated by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association within the framework of the EU Construction Products Directive (CPD) and forms the basis for the review of the "Smoke Detector" construction product harmonized with the CPD. If such smoke detectors have been tested in accordance with the DIN EN 14604 standard, there is a presumption that the prospective customer or user is more confident about the performance and quality standards of the so-called home smoke detector receives.
- the DIN EN 14604 is valid since 01.08.2008.
- a smoke alarm in the private sector if it is then installed, is then no longer perceived by the private user as a waiting device.
- a transmitter diode radiates into a smoke chamber.
- Various apertures or aperture functions prevent direct light entry into a receiving diode. Are there however particles, z. As smoke particles, in the smoke chamber, then light is reflected by the particles and detected by the receiving diode. It is therefore of the utmost importance that smoke particles can enter the smoke chamber.
- the aim of this invention is to determine the sweeping over of a smoke detector or pasting a smoke detector and to check whether a standard smoke detection is still guaranteed by it is determined by cyclic examination of the detector itself, whether there is a change in the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings.
- the aim of the invention is in other words the determination of whether the smoke inlet openings are free and not closed by tape, dust or other causes so far that a standard smoke detection is prevented.
- a smoke detector for closed rooms with a housing in which a separate smoke chamber with smoke inlets is arranged, in which a measuring electronics is arranged, which generates an evaluable measurement signal upon detection of smoke particles, achieved in that at least two IR arranged in the housing -Sendioden whose transmit signals through the not or only partially covered smoke inlet openings into the interior of the smoke chamber, and at least one of the interior of the smoke chamber associated IR receiving diode is provided, which is provided for receiving the transmission signals from the at least two IR transmitting diodes wherein it is concluded from an interruption or reduction of the received transmission signals at the IR receiving diode to an at least partially cover the smoke inlet openings.
- the invention takes advantage of the physical fact that a light beam is either reflected or absorbed on its way through materials. In both cases, a light intensity will be detected at the receiving diode, which does not correspond to the expected light intensity. If the received light intensity at the receiving diode deviates by an amount previously determined by various tests and falls below a minimum set in the electronics or in the evaluation unit, in one embodiment a fault message is generated.
- the measuring electronics in the smoke chamber are independent of the electronics with which the continuity of the smoke inlet openings of the smoke chamber is determined.
- the patency or the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings is determined. If it is determined that the smoke detector can no longer work in accordance with the standards due to a certain degree of coverage, a corresponding warning signal can be generated, which provides information that in the event of fire, smoke can no longer penetrate sufficiently quickly into the smoke chamber in order to avoid the actual measuring electronics for the smoke detector Smoke particles to be recognized.
- the IR transmitter diodes and the IR receiver diode together with the transmitter so an upstream system, by means of which the operational capability of the smoke detector itself can be checked.
- IR transmitter diodes For the standard-compliant function of the smoke detector, at least two IR transmitter diodes are necessary to determine the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings. A diode alone would not be able to smoke the smoke inlets to irradiate all around. The number two is the minimum for this. The more IR emitters are used, the safer the testing, but also increase the production costs.
- the IR transmitting diodes are arranged at equidistant intervals around the smoke inlet openings.
- Four IR transmit diodes result in an equidistant angular distance of 90 °. This results in the possibility of checking the smoke inlet openings in sub-segments of 90 °.
- only one IR receiving diode is provided, which is embedded centrally in the smoke chamber, preferably in the bottom of the smoke chamber.
- the transmission signals of the IR transmitter diodes are coupled by means of reflections to mirror surfaces in the interior of the smoke chamber. This results in a particularly compact design of the smoke detector.
- a method for operating a smoke detector as mentioned above provides that the IR transmitting diodes are switched on one after the other to output their transmission signals and that the at least one IR receiving diode receives the transmission signals in succession, after which the transmission signals received from all the IR transmitting diodes Smoke inlets is closed.
- a measurement cycle is completed when all IR transmit diodes have delivered their transmit signals and the evaluation in the at least one IR receive diode has ended.
- a measuring cycle is carried out cyclically, for example once a week.
- this operating method it is provided that, after each measuring cycle, it is determined whether a change in a predeterminable degree has occurred as a reference value relative to the at least one preceding measurement result, and if the transmission power of the IR transmitting diodes is increased so far as the change in this measure is exceeded in that the reference value is restored at the IR receiving diode. If, for example, the changes amount to a maximum of 1%, the transmission power of the IR transmitting diodes is increased to such an extent that the same value is detected at the IR receiving diode as in the previous measurement. Compensation may be performed until the compensated amount has reached the value set for the maximum acceptable smoke detector coverage for standard smoke detection.
- Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a smoke detector.
- the housing 10 is an electronic evaluation unit 3 and the smoke chamber, which consists in the embodiment of a lower part 6 and an upper part 7. Furthermore, there is a measuring electronics 13 and 15 from transmitting or receiving diode, etc. within the housing 10. This transmitting and receiving diode is used for the actual detection of smoke particles in the smoke chamber.
- a power supply 4 and a sound generator 12 are located in the housing 10.
- the upper part 7 of the smoke chamber has smoke inlet openings 11.
- the insect screen commonly used to protect against insects.
- IR transmitter diodes 1 which radiate vertically upwards.
- the transmission signals are directed into the interior of the smoke chamber 6, 7 due to mirror surfaces 8 and 9.
- the mirror surface 9 initially ensures that the transmission signals are deflected by 90 ° inwards into the smoke inlet openings 11. From there, the transmission signal reaches the mirror surface 8, wherein it is again deflected by 90 ° downwards, where it then encounters the only in this embodiment IR receiving diode 2, which is embedded in the bottom of the lower part 6 of the smoke chamber.
- Fig. 2 shows in plan view the arrangement of the mirror surfaces 9, wherein each mirror surface 9 is associated with a transmitting diode 1.
- Fig. 3 is the arrangement of four IR transmit diodes 1 shown in the present case.
- the operation method can be carried out so that the four IR transmitting diodes 1 are turned on one after another and the IR receiving diode 2 is set to receive. After all four IR transmitter diodes 1 their Transmitted transmit signals and the IR receiving diode 2 has received all four signals, a measuring cycle is completed. Due to the special arrangement of the four IR-emitting diodes 1, it is possible to individually check sub-segments of the smoke detector of 90 ° or close from the sum of the four results on all-round contamination or gluing or sweeping.
- the electronic evaluation unit 3 evaluates the incoming signal of the IR receiving diode 2 and compares this with a predetermined value, which has been determined on the basis of various fire tests.
- the fire tests serve to determine the maximum acceptable degree of coverage.
- various so-called standard test fires are used, which serve to determine the speed of detection of the smoke detector.
- the maximum allowable value of coverage is determined by experiment, with the maximum coverage being that at which the test fire still results in detection of smoke within the standard.
Abstract
Description
Rauchmelder dienen der frühzeitigen Erkennung von Bränden. Es existieren verschiedene Detektionsprinzipien so genannte radioaktive oder optische Streulichtmelder, um nur zwei zu nennen. Rauchmelder die für den Einsatz in gewerblichen oder industriellen Anlagen vorgesehen sind, müssen den Eigenschaften und Funktionen unter anderem der DIN EN 54-ff genügen.Smoke detectors are used for the early detection of fires. There are various detection principles known as radioactive or optical scattered light, just to name two. Smoke detectors intended for use in commercial or industrial plants must comply with the properties and functions of, inter alia, DIN EN 54-ff.
Rauchmelder, die für Wohnhäuser, Wohnungen oder Räume mit wohnungsähnlicher Nutzung verwendet werden sollen, müssen teilweise andere Anforderungen erfüllen als die lndustriemelder gemäß DIN EN 54, da diese Rauchmelder nicht Bestandteil einer Brandmeldeanlage sind. Der Bedarf des Kunden ist in diesem Fall ein Standalone Rauchmelder, der, im Gegensatz zu den Industriemeldern, auch über die Alarmanzeigefunktion verfügt sowie über einen Alarmgeber, der den anwesenden Nutzer auf eine Gefahr hinweist. Des Weiteren muss der Rauchmelder, der als Standalone Rauchmelder betrieben wird, über eine eigene Spannungsversorgung verfügen, da er nicht über ein Leitungsnetz von der Brandmelderzentrale, wie bei Industriemeldern, versorgt wird.Smoke detectors that are to be used for dwellings, apartments or rooms with dwellings similar to dwellings, have to meet different requirements in some cases than the industrial detectors according to DIN EN 54, since these smoke detectors are not part of a fire alarm system. In this case, the demand of the customer is a standalone smoke detector, which, in contrast to the industrial alarms, also has the alarm display function as well as an alarm that indicates the presence of a danger to the user present. Furthermore, the smoke detector, which is operated as a standalone smoke detector, must have its own power supply, since it is not supplied via a mains network from the fire alarm control panel, as in industrial alarms.
Da in den einzelnen europäischen Ländern verschiedene Normen für Rauchmelder vorhanden waren, wurde vom CEN/TC72 auf europäischer Ebene die europäische Norm DIN EN 14604 "Rauchmelder" als Produktnorm für den Wohnbereich erarbeitet. Diese europäische Norm ist von der europäischen Kommission und der europäischen Freihandelszone im Rahmen der EU-Bauproduktenrichtlinie (BPR) mandatiert und bildet die Prüfgrundlage für das mit der BPR harmonisierte Bauprodukt "Rauchmelder". Wenn derartige Rauchmelder nach der DIN EN 14604-Norm geprüft wurden, besteht die Vermutung, dass der Interessent bzw. Anwender mehr Sicherheit bezüglich des Leistungs- und Qualitätsstandards der so genannten Heimrauchmelder erhält. Die DIN EN 14604 ist seit 01.08.2008 gültig.As different smoke detector standards existed in the individual European countries, CEN / TC72 developed the European standard DIN EN 14604 "Smoke detectors" as a product standard for the residential sector at European level. This European standard is mandated by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association within the framework of the EU Construction Products Directive (CPD) and forms the basis for the review of the "Smoke Detector" construction product harmonized with the CPD. If such smoke detectors have been tested in accordance with the DIN EN 14604 standard, there is a presumption that the prospective customer or user is more confident about the performance and quality standards of the so-called home smoke detector receives. The DIN EN 14604 is valid since 01.08.2008.
Dies bedeutet, dass nur Rauchmelder, die dieser Norm, von einem zertifizierten Prüfinstitut bestätigt, genügen, in der europäischen Freihandelszone in Verkehr gebracht werden dürfen.This means that only smoke detectors that comply with this standard, certified by a certified testing institute, may be placed on the European Free Trade Area.
Ein Rauchmelder im privaten Bereich, wenn er denn installiert ist, wird anschließend vom privaten Nutzer nicht mehr als zu wartendes Gerät wahrgenommen. Es gibt Anwendungsnormen für solche Rauchmelder die aber dem privaten Nutzer meistens nicht bekannt sind und auch keinen Vorschriftencharakter haben, so dass zyklische Überprüfungen des Gerätes während des Betriebs in der Regel nicht vorgenommen werden.A smoke alarm in the private sector, if it is then installed, is then no longer perceived by the private user as a waiting device. There are application standards for such smoke detectors but the private user are usually not known and also have no regulatory character, so that cyclical checks of the device during operation are usually not made.
Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass eine sehr hohe Prozentzahl der installierten Rauchmelder nach einiger Zeit in Betrieb oft schon nach ein paar Jahren nicht mehr vollständig funktionierten, weil durch Umgebungseinflüsse die Hauptfunktion Rauchdetektion wesentlich eingeschränkt worden ist. Diese Einschränkung wurde hauptsächlich hervorgerufen von einer Verstaubung der Raucheintrittsöffnungen aufgrund der am jeweiligen Installationsort herrschenden Umgebungsbedingungen. Weiterhin wurde festgestellt, dass doch eine nicht unerhebliche Anzahl von Rauchmeldern nach Renovierung überstrichen worden sind oder Reste von Klebeband, das zum Schutz des Rauchmelders während der Renovierungsarbeiten angebracht worden ist, sich noch auf dem Rauchmelder befanden.Investigations have shown that a very high percentage of the installed smoke detectors after some time in operation often did not fully work after only a few years, because the main function of smoke detection has been significantly reduced by environmental influences. This limitation was mainly caused by dusting of the smoke inlets due to the environmental conditions prevailing at the installation site. It has also been found that a significant number of smoke detectors have been overhauled after renovation or that any tape left on the smoke detector to protect the smoke detector during renovation work has been left over.
Üblicherweise werden in den Bedienungsanleitungen Hinweise auf solche Arbeiten gegeben, jedoch kann man davon ausgehen, dass diese nach ein paar Jahren nicht mehr vorhanden sind oder auch schlicht ignoriert werden, da diese Rauchmelder ausschließlich im privaten Bereich Verwendung finden. Das Abschließen von Wartungsverträgen für solche Melder im privaten Bereich ist nicht standardisiert und auch nicht vorgeschrieben, so dass man von einer verschwindend geringen Anzahl derartiger Verträge ausgehen muss.Usually in the manuals hints are given to such work, but one can assume that these are no longer available after a few years or simply ignored, since these smoke detectors are used exclusively in the private sector. The conclusion of maintenance contracts for such detectors in the private sector is not standardized and also not required, so that one has to start from a vanishingly small number of such contracts.
Bekannte Rauchmelder funktionieren so: Eine Sendediode (LED) strahlt in eine Rauchkammer ab. Verschiedene Blenden oder Blendenfunktionen verhindern einen direkten Lichteintritt in eine Empfangsdiode. Befinden sich jedoch Partikel, z. B. Rauchpartikel, in der Rauchkammer, dann wird Licht von den Partikeln reflektiert und von der Empfangsdiode festgestellt. Es ist also von höchster Bedeutung, dass Rauchpartikel in die Rauchkammer gelangen können.Known smoke detectors work like this: A transmitter diode (LED) radiates into a smoke chamber. Various apertures or aperture functions prevent direct light entry into a receiving diode. Are there however particles, z. As smoke particles, in the smoke chamber, then light is reflected by the particles and detected by the receiving diode. It is therefore of the utmost importance that smoke particles can enter the smoke chamber.
Ziel dieser Erfindung ist es, das Überstreichen eines Rauchmelders oder das Überkleben eines Rauchmelders festzustellen und zu prüfen, ob eine normgerechte Rauchdetektion weiterhin gewährleistet ist, indem durch zyklische Überprüfung vom Melder selbst festgestellt wird, ob eine Veränderung des Abdeckgrades der Raucheintrittsöffnungen vorliegt.The aim of this invention is to determine the sweeping over of a smoke detector or pasting a smoke detector and to check whether a standard smoke detection is still guaranteed by it is determined by cyclic examination of the detector itself, whether there is a change in the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings.
Ziel der Erfindung ist mit anderen Worten das Feststellen, ob die Raucheintrittsöffnungen frei sind und nicht durch Klebeband, Staub oder andere Ursachen soweit verschlossen sind, dass eine normgerechte Rauchdetektion verhindert wird.The aim of the invention is in other words the determination of whether the smoke inlet openings are free and not closed by tape, dust or other causes so far that a standard smoke detection is prevented.
Dieses Ziel wird bei einem Rauchmelder für geschlossene Räume mit einem Gehäuse, in dem eine separate Rauchkammer mit Raucheintrittsöffnungen abgeteilt ist, in der eine Messelektronik angeordnet ist, die bei Detektion von Rauchpartikeln ein auswertbares Messsignal generiert, dadurch erreicht, dass mindestens zwei im Gehäuse angeordnete IR-Sendedioden, deren Sendesignale durch die nicht oder nur teilweise abgedeckten Raucheintrittsöffnungen in das Innere der Rauchkammer treten, und mindestens eine dem Inneren der Rauchkammer zugeordnete IR-Empfangsdiode vorgesehen ist, welche zum Empfang der Sendesignale von den mindestens zwei IR-Sendedioden vorgesehen ist, wobei aus einer Unterbrechung oder Reduzierung der empfangenen Sendesignale an der IR-Empfangsdiode auf eine zumindest teilweise Abdeckung der Raucheintrittsöffnungen geschlossen wird.This object is achieved with a smoke detector for closed rooms with a housing in which a separate smoke chamber with smoke inlets is arranged, in which a measuring electronics is arranged, which generates an evaluable measurement signal upon detection of smoke particles, achieved in that at least two IR arranged in the housing -Sendioden whose transmit signals through the not or only partially covered smoke inlet openings into the interior of the smoke chamber, and at least one of the interior of the smoke chamber associated IR receiving diode is provided, which is provided for receiving the transmission signals from the at least two IR transmitting diodes wherein it is concluded from an interruption or reduction of the received transmission signals at the IR receiving diode to an at least partially cover the smoke inlet openings.
Die Erfindung macht sich die physikalische Tatsache zu nutze, dass ein Lichtstrahl auf seinem Weg von Materialien entweder reflektiert oder absorbiert wird. In beiden Fällen wird an der Empfangsdiode eine Lichtstärke detektiert werden, die nicht der erwarteten Lichtstärke entspricht. Weicht die empfangene Lichtstärke an der Empfangsdiode um einen vorher durch verschiedene Tests festgestellten Betrag ab und unterschreitet ein in der Elektronik bzw. in der Auswerteeinheit festgelegtes Minimum so wird in einer Ausführungsvariante eine Störungsmeldung generiert.The invention takes advantage of the physical fact that a light beam is either reflected or absorbed on its way through materials. In both cases, a light intensity will be detected at the receiving diode, which does not correspond to the expected light intensity. If the received light intensity at the receiving diode deviates by an amount previously determined by various tests and falls below a minimum set in the electronics or in the evaluation unit, in one embodiment a fault message is generated.
Wesentlich an dieser Stelle hervorzuheben ist, dass die Messelektronik in der Rauchkammer unabhängig ist von der Elektronik, mit welcher die Durchgängigkeit der Raucheintrittsöffnungen der Rauchkammer festgestellt wird. Mit den erwähnten mindestens zwei IR-Sendedioden und der IR-Empfangsdiode wird die Durchgängigkeit bzw. der Abdeckungsgrad der Raucheintrittsöffnungen ermittelt. Falls festgestellt wird, dass der Rauchmelder aufgrund eines gewissen Abdeckungsgrades nicht mehr normgerecht arbeiten kann, kann ein entsprechendes Warnsignal erzeugt werden, welches Aufschluss darüber gibt, dass im Brandfalle Rauch nicht mehr zügig genug in die Rauchkammer eindringen kann, um von der eigentlichen Messelektronik für die Rauchpartikel erkannt zu werden. Die IR-Sendedioden und die IR-Empfangsdiode bilden zusammen mit der Auswerteelektronik also ein vorgeschaltetes System, mittels dessen die Einsatzfähigkeit des Rauchmelders selbst überprüft werden kann.It should be emphasized at this point that the measuring electronics in the smoke chamber are independent of the electronics with which the continuity of the smoke inlet openings of the smoke chamber is determined. With the mentioned at least two IR transmitting diodes and the IR receiving diode, the patency or the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings is determined. If it is determined that the smoke detector can no longer work in accordance with the standards due to a certain degree of coverage, a corresponding warning signal can be generated, which provides information that in the event of fire, smoke can no longer penetrate sufficiently quickly into the smoke chamber in order to avoid the actual measuring electronics for the smoke detector Smoke particles to be recognized. The IR transmitter diodes and the IR receiver diode together with the transmitter so an upstream system, by means of which the operational capability of the smoke detector itself can be checked.
Für die normgerechte Funktion des Rauchmelders sind wenigstens zwei IR-Sendedioden zur Ermittlung des Abdeckungsgrades der Raucheintrittsöffnungen notwendig. Eine Diode allein wäre nicht in der Lage, die Raucheintrittsöffnungen rundum zu bestrahlen. Die Anzahl zwei ist hierfür das Minimum. Je mehr IR-Sendedioden Anwendung finden, desto sicherer ist die Testung, allerdings steigen damit auch die Herstellungskosten.For the standard-compliant function of the smoke detector, at least two IR transmitter diodes are necessary to determine the degree of coverage of the smoke inlet openings. A diode alone would not be able to smoke the smoke inlets to irradiate all around. The number two is the minimum for this. The more IR emitters are used, the safer the testing, but also increase the production costs.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, dass die IR-Sendedioden in äquidistanten Abständen um die Raucheintrittsöffnungen herum angeordnet sind. Bei vier IR-Sendedioden ergibt sich ein äquidistanter Winkelabstand von 90°. Hierdurch ergibt sich die Möglichkeit der Überprüfung der Raucheintrittsöffnungen in Teilsegmenten von 90°.According to an advantageous development, it is provided that the IR transmitting diodes are arranged at equidistant intervals around the smoke inlet openings. Four IR transmit diodes result in an equidistant angular distance of 90 °. This results in the possibility of checking the smoke inlet openings in sub-segments of 90 °.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass nur eine IR-Empfangsdiode vorgesehen ist, die zentral in die Rauchkammer eingelassen ist, vorzugsweise im Boden der Rauchkammer.According to an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that only one IR receiving diode is provided, which is embedded centrally in the smoke chamber, preferably in the bottom of the smoke chamber.
Vor allem bei der vorerwähnten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Sendesignale der IR-Sendedioden mittels Reflexionen an Spiegelflächen in das Innere der Rauchkammer gekoppelt werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein besonders kompakter Aufbau des Rauchmelders.Especially in the aforementioned embodiment, it is provided that the transmission signals of the IR transmitter diodes are coupled by means of reflections to mirror surfaces in the interior of the smoke chamber. This results in a particularly compact design of the smoke detector.
Ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines vorstehend erwähnten Rauchmelders sieht vor, dass die IR-Sendedioden nacheinander zur Abgabe ihrer Sendesignale eingeschaltet werden und dass die mindestens eine IR-Empfangsdiode die Sendesignale nacheinander empfängt, wonach aus den von allen IR-Sendedioden empfangenen Sendesignalen auf den Abdeckungsgrad der Raucheintrittsöffnungen geschlossen wird. Ein Messzyklus ist abgeschlossen, wenn alle IR-Sendedioden ihre Sendesignale abgegeben haben und die Auswertung in der mindestens einen IR-Empfangsdiode beendet worden ist. Ein Messzyklus wird in zyklischen Abständen durchgeführt, beispielsweise einmal in der Woche. Gemäß einer Variante dieses Betriebsverfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass nach jedem Messzyklus bestimmt wird, ob sich gegenüber dem mindestens einen vorhergehenden Messergebnis als Referenzwert eine Änderung in vorgebbarem Maße ergeben hat, und dass bei Überschreiten der Änderung dieses Maßes die Sendeleistung der IR-Sendedioden soweit erhöht wird, dass an der IR-Empfangsdiode der Referenzwert wiederhergestellt wird. Wenn die Änderungen also beispielsweise maximal 1% betragen, wird die Sendeleistung der IR-Sendedioden soweit erhöht, dass an der IR-Empfangsdiode der gleiche Wert festgestellt wird wie bei der vorangegangenen Messung. Die Kompensation kann solange durchgeführt werden, bis der kompensierte Betrag den Wert erreicht hat, der für die maximale akzeptable Abdeckung des Rauchmelders in Bezug auf normgerechte Raucherkennung festgelegt wurde.A method for operating a smoke detector as mentioned above provides that the IR transmitting diodes are switched on one after the other to output their transmission signals and that the at least one IR receiving diode receives the transmission signals in succession, after which the transmission signals received from all the IR transmitting diodes Smoke inlets is closed. A measurement cycle is completed when all IR transmit diodes have delivered their transmit signals and the evaluation in the at least one IR receive diode has ended. A measuring cycle is carried out cyclically, for example once a week. According to a variant of this operating method, it is provided that, after each measuring cycle, it is determined whether a change in a predeterminable degree has occurred as a reference value relative to the at least one preceding measurement result, and if the transmission power of the IR transmitting diodes is increased so far as the change in this measure is exceeded in that the reference value is restored at the IR receiving diode. If, for example, the changes amount to a maximum of 1%, the transmission power of the IR transmitting diodes is increased to such an extent that the same value is detected at the IR receiving diode as in the previous measurement. Compensation may be performed until the compensated amount has reached the value set for the maximum acceptable smoke detector coverage for standard smoke detection.
Um sehr kleine Änderungen berücksichtigen zu können, ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante vorgesehen, dass nicht nur das jeweils vorhergehende Messergebnis mit dem aktuellen Messergebnis verglichen wird, sondern auch Ergebnisse von allen vorhergehenden Messungen durch Mittelung als Referenzwert dienen. Mit dieser Ausführungsvariante können auch Veränderungen einbezogen werden, die nur sehr langsam vonstatten gehen.In order to be able to take account of very small changes, it is provided in a further embodiment variant that not only the respectively preceding measurement result is compared with the current measurement result, but also results from all previous measurements by averaging serve as the reference value. With this embodiment, changes can be included, which go very slowly.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Rauchmelder,
- Fig. 2
- eine Draufsicht auf die Rauchkammer, und
- Fig. 3
- einen Horizontalschnitt durch die Rauchkammer.
- Fig. 1
- a vertical section through the smoke detector,
- Fig. 2
- a plan view of the smoke chamber, and
- Fig. 3
- a horizontal section through the smoke chamber.
Weiterhin befinden sich im Gehäuse 10 eine Spannungsversorgung 4 sowie ein Schallgeber 12. Das Oberteil 7 der Rauchkammer weist Raucheintrittsöffnungen 11 auf. Mit Bezugszeichen 5 versehen ist das üblicherweise zum Schutz vor Insekten verwendete Insektengitter.Furthermore, a
Auf der elektronischen Auswerteeinheit 3 sitzen bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel vier IR-Sendedioden 1, die senkrecht nach oben strahlen. Die Sendesignale werden aufgrund von Spiegelflächen 8 und 9 in das Innere der Rauchkammer 6, 7 gelenkt. Die Spiegelfläche 9 sorgt zunächst dafür, die Sendesignale um 90° nach innen in die Raucheintrittsöffnungen 11 abzulenken. Von dort gelangt das Sendesignal an die Spiegelfläche 8, wobei es wiederum um 90° nach unten abgelenkt wird, wo es dann auf die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel einzige IR-Empfangsdiode 2 trifft, die im Boden des Unterteils 6 der Rauchkammer eingelassen ist.On the electronic evaluation unit 3 sit in this embodiment, four
In der
Bei dieser Anordnung kann das Betriebsverfahren so ausgeführt werden, dass die vier IR-Sendedioden 1 nacheinander eingeschaltet werden und die IR-Empfangsdiode 2 auf Empfang gestellt wird. Nachdem alle vier IR-Sendedioden 1 ihre Sendesignale abgegeben haben und die IR-Empfangsdiode 2 alle vier Signale empfangen hat, ist ein Messzyklus abgeschlossen. Durch die spezielle Anordnung der vier IR-Sendedioden 1 ist es möglich, Teilsegmente des Rauchmelders von jeweils 90° einzeln zu überprüfen oder aus der Summe der vier Ergebnisse auf eine Rundumverschmutzung oder -verklebung oder Überstreichung zu schließen.With this arrangement, the operation method can be carried out so that the four
Die elektronische Auswerteeinheit 3 wertet das ankommende Signal der IR-Empfangsdiode 2 aus und vergleicht dieses mit einem vorgegebenen Wert, der aufgrund von verschiedenen Brandversuchen festgelegt worden ist. Die Brandversuche dienen dazu, um den maximal akzeptablen Abdeckungsgrad zu ermitteln. Hierzu werden verschiedene sogenannte Normtestfeuer herangezogen, die dazu dienen, die Geschwindigkeit der Detektion des Rauchmelders festzustellen. Der maximale zulässige Wert der Abdeckung wird durch Versuche ermittelt, wobei der maximale Abdeckungsgrad jener ist, bei dem das Testfeuer noch innerhalb der Norm zu einer Detektion von Rauch führt.The electronic evaluation unit 3 evaluates the incoming signal of the IR receiving diode 2 and compares this with a predetermined value, which has been determined on the basis of various fire tests. The fire tests serve to determine the maximum acceptable degree of coverage. For this purpose, various so-called standard test fires are used, which serve to determine the speed of detection of the smoke detector. The maximum allowable value of coverage is determined by experiment, with the maximum coverage being that at which the test fire still results in detection of smoke within the standard.
Claims (7)
gekennzeichnet durch
mindestens zwei im Gehäuse (10) angeordnete IR-Sendedioden (1), deren Sendesignale durch die nicht oder nur teilweise abgedeckten Raucheintrittsöffnungen (11) in das Innere der Rauchkammer (6, 7) treten, und durch mindestens eine dem Inneren der Rauchkammer (6, 7) zugeordnete IR-Empfangsdiode (2), welche zum Empfang der Sendesignale von den mindestens zwei IR-Sendedioden (1) vorgesehen ist, wobei aus einer Unterbrechung oder Reduzierung der empfangenen Sendesignale an der IR-Empfangsdiode (2) auf eine zumindest teilweise Abdeckung der Raucheintrittsöffnungen (11) geschlossen wird.Smoke detector for closed rooms with a housing (10) in which a separate smoke chamber (6, 7) with smoke inlet openings (11) is divided, in which a measuring electronics (13, 15) is arranged, which generates an evaluable measurement signal upon detection of smoke particles .
marked by
at least two in the housing (10) arranged IR transmitter diodes (1) whose transmission signals through the not or only partially covered smoke inlet openings (11) in the interior of the smoke chamber (6, 7), and by at least one of the interior of the smoke chamber (6 , 7) associated IR receiving diode (2), which is provided for receiving the transmission signals from the at least two IR transmitting diodes (1), wherein from an interruption or reduction of the received transmission signals at the IR receiving diode (2) to an at least partially Cover the smoke inlet openings (11) is closed.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009047533A DE102009047533A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2009-12-04 | Smoke detector with infrared cover monitoring |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2330577A1 true EP2330577A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
Family
ID=43567800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10193674A Withdrawn EP2330577A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2010-12-03 | Smoke alarm with infrared coverage monitoring |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2330577A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009047533A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015162529A1 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-29 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Device and apparatus for self-testing smoke detector baffle system |
| EP3073458A1 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-28 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Fire alarm with a light scattering assembly in the region of a smoke entry opening for contamination monitoring |
| EP3113133A3 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-05-17 | Atral-Secal GmbH | Smoke detector with combined coverage and particle detection at the smoke inlet opening |
| EP4242639A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-13 | Carrier Corporation | Systems and methods for blockage detection in gas detectors |
| EP4246483A1 (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-20 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Fire detector with unheated thermistors, in particular ntcs, for detecting thermal fluctuations in the area of the inlet openings and corresponding method |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112466084B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-02-15 | 江苏中实电子有限公司 | Electrical fire monitoring detector and alarm method thereof |
| CN112542019B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏新力科技实业有限公司 | From sensor of taking labyrinth alarm system |
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| DE4333911C2 (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1998-10-22 | Preussag Ag Minimax | Optical smoke detector |
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| US20060007010A1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-12 | Tyco Safety Products Canada Ltd. | Smoke detector calibration |
| EP1857989A1 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-21 | Techem Energy Services GmbH | Fire alarm device and test method for testing its functional capability |
| EP2028631A2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-02-25 | Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH | Smoke detector with contamination monitoring |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2015162529A1 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2015-10-29 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Device and apparatus for self-testing smoke detector baffle system |
| US9679468B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2017-06-13 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Device and apparatus for self-testing smoke detector baffle system |
| AU2015249510B2 (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2019-08-29 | Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh | Device and apparatus for self-testing smoke detector baffle system |
| EP3073458A1 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-28 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Fire alarm with a light scattering assembly in the region of a smoke entry opening for contamination monitoring |
| WO2016150613A1 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2016-09-29 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Fire detector with a scattered light arrangement in the region of a smoke inlet opening for monitoring pollution |
| CN107646129A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-01-30 | 西门子瑞士有限公司 | Fire-alarm, there is the scattering optical assembly that pollution is monitored in fume inlet region |
| CN107646129B (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2019-12-24 | 西门子瑞士有限公司 | Fire alarm with a light-scattering element for monitoring pollution in the area of smoke inlets |
| US10573167B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2020-02-25 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Fire detector with a scattered light arrangement |
| EP3113133A3 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-05-17 | Atral-Secal GmbH | Smoke detector with combined coverage and particle detection at the smoke inlet opening |
| EP4242639A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-13 | Carrier Corporation | Systems and methods for blockage detection in gas detectors |
| EP4246483A1 (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-20 | Siemens Schweiz AG | Fire detector with unheated thermistors, in particular ntcs, for detecting thermal fluctuations in the area of the inlet openings and corresponding method |
| WO2023174641A1 (en) | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | Siemens Schweiz Ag | Fire detector having unheated thermistors, in particular ntcs, for capturing thermal fluctuations in the region of the inlet openings, and corresponding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102009047533A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
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