EP2325559B1 - System for influencing an exhaust gas flow - Google Patents

System for influencing an exhaust gas flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2325559B1
EP2325559B1 EP09014442.9A EP09014442A EP2325559B1 EP 2325559 B1 EP2325559 B1 EP 2325559B1 EP 09014442 A EP09014442 A EP 09014442A EP 2325559 B1 EP2325559 B1 EP 2325559B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement according
duct
pipes
rods
supporting
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EP09014442.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2325559A1 (en
Inventor
Walter A. Kramer
Wim Stijger
Raymond Johannes Josephus Gunnewijk
Uwe Hensch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Heat Transfer Technology BV Niederlassung Deutschland
Original Assignee
NEM Power Systems Niederlassung Deutschland der NEM Energy BV
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Application filed by NEM Power Systems Niederlassung Deutschland der NEM Energy BV filed Critical NEM Power Systems Niederlassung Deutschland der NEM Energy BV
Priority to ES09014442.9T priority Critical patent/ES2620775T3/en
Priority to EP09014442.9A priority patent/EP2325559B1/en
Priority to KR1020127013601A priority patent/KR101777431B1/en
Priority to US13/510,765 priority patent/US9291342B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/007014 priority patent/WO2011060935A1/en
Publication of EP2325559A1 publication Critical patent/EP2325559A1/en
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Publication of EP2325559B1 publication Critical patent/EP2325559B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for influencing the flow of an exhaust gas of a gas turbine having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the exhaust stream of a gas turbine is typically not supplied to the exhaust system as uniformly distributed over the entire channel cross-section flow with a uniform velocity of the exhaust gas.
  • the unevenly distributed flow can lead to mechanical loads on the system components arranged in the exhaust gas line. These parts of the system would be expensive, z. B. be designed in terms of wall thickness, if not other measures can be provided.
  • the EP 0 863 364 A2 is a waste heat boiler known to be with a widening or diverging Equipped pipe, which runs from the outlet of a turbine to the inlet of the boiler.
  • the surrounding wall of the diverging pipe which extends from the upper end of the boiler to the upper end of the outlet of the turbine, is inclined at an angle ( ⁇ ) greater than 45 ° and up to 75 ° with respect to the horizontal plane.
  • the diverging tube is connected to the upper part of the outlet of the turbine by means of an arcuate wall part.
  • gas flow conveying profiles arranged in successive and adjacent rows.
  • a combined cycle system that includes a gas turbine connected to a heat recovery steam generator.
  • the heat recovery steam generator contains a section of a "selective catalytic reactor", wherein nitrogen oxide reacts with a reacting gas, such as ammonia or urea, to produce molecular nitrogen and water vapor.
  • the flared transition section includes a series of flow-restricting profile ribs that extend across the section in a pattern and evenly distribute the flue gas over the large cross-section of the heat transfer section.
  • the reacting gas is injected into the flue gas stream through a series of nozzles positioned over the tread ribs so that the reacting gas is uniformly mixed and dispersed before entering the Selective Catalytic Reactor section.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement to the waste heat boiler of a gas turbine plant and / or possibly in the exhaust gas channel leading internals from damage caused by flow forces Protecting currents with locally increased speeds.
  • the flow grid according to the invention is provided with all features of independent claim 1 and partially gas-impermeable and designed so that the flow is selectively changed.
  • the exhaust strands with increased speed are decelerated and the flow velocity is made uniform over the channel cross-section.
  • the flow grid is installed in the duct of the exhaust system in such a way that the equalization of the speed takes place sufficiently, even before the gas flow hits the subsequent system parts.
  • Fig. 1 is brought from a gas turbine exhaust gas A, not shown, via a channel 1 to the housing 2 of a diverter 3.
  • a channel 4 which supplies the exhaust gas A a waste heat boiler, whose entry is indicated by the line 13.
  • From the housing 2 branches off leading to a bypass chimney, not shown Bypasskanal 5.
  • a flap 6 is pivotably mounted about an axis 7 such that it can shut off either the channel 4 or the bypass channel 5 while maintaining various intermediate positions.
  • part A1 of the exhaust gas A brought from the gas turbine enters the bypass channel 5, while another part A2 flows around the free edge 6a of the flap 6 and flows to the waste heat boiler.
  • a guide 8 In the inflow end of the channel 4, a guide 8 is arranged.
  • This guide 8 has arranged in a vertical cross-sectional plane baffles 9, which can be adjustable.
  • baffles 9 For central storage of the baffles 9 can still be arranged in the channel 4, a carrier 10.
  • the pivoting angle of the individual baffles 9 can be adjusted independently of each other in order to better adapt the required deflection to the given strand configuration can.
  • the gas flow A2 is z. B. evenly distributed over the cross section of the channel 4 when starting the waste heat boiler. After the end of the starting operation, the flap 6 closes off the bypass channel 5, and the baffles 9 assume a position in which the gas flow A supplied by the gas turbine flows without distraction in the guide 8 to the waste heat boiler. In this position, the guide generates no appreciable pressure loss.
  • a guide 8 comparable guide 11 is arranged with baffles 12, the z. B. can improve the flow of a arranged in the bypass channel 5 or the downstream bypass silencer.
  • the baffles 12 may be adjustable.
  • a flow grille 14 described in more detail below has the task of equalizing the flow within the channel 1 connected to the gas turbine and to reduce the greatly inflated velocities.
  • the flow grid can be arranged in connection with the guide devices 8 and / or 11, but it can also be used without the guide devices.
  • the flow grid 14 which in the Fig. 1 to 3 is indicated only schematically, is transverse to the channel 1 at the gas turbine end facing and far enough before the waste heat boiler or the internals - such. B. the flap 6 - arranged.
  • the flow grid 14 is preferably in the region of the channel 1 arranged where the highest gas velocities are expected.
  • the flow grid 14 is a plate-like, partially gas-impermeable structure which partially obstructs the channel cross-section and is provided with passages for the exhaust gas.
  • the flow grid 14 may consist of a plurality of spaced-apart tubes 15, between which gaps for the passage of the exhaust gas are formed.
  • the tubes 15 are interconnected by transversely extending elements, which may also be tubes 15.
  • a number of tubes 15 may be present.
  • several rows of tubes 15 lying one behind the other in the flow direction of the exhaust gas may also be used. In this case, the tubes 15 of a row can be arranged offset from the tubes 15 of the following row.
  • the tubes 15 may be made of a heat-resistant material and constitute a purely mechanical installation.
  • the tubes 15 can also be designed as internally cooled elements.
  • the tubes 15 of the flow grid 14 are held in a support structure 16.
  • the support structure 16 may be supported on the inner or outer shell of the channel 1, so that the forces caused by the flow of the exhaust gas can be absorbed. Likewise, the expansions of the material due to the operating temperatures are compensated by the support structure 16.
  • the support structure 16 preferably consists of vertical support tubes 17 or support rods, which are passed through the wall of the channel 1.
  • the support tubes 17 are supported on the channel bottom via support tube extensions 18 on the concrete foundation 19 in bearings 20, 21 ( Fig. 5, 6 ). It is a welded construction, which is designed without any gaps.
  • the bearing 20 shown on the right side is a fixed bearing, and the bearing 21 on the left side is formed as a floating bearing.
  • the support tubes 17 are supported on the upper side of the channel via an overlying steel structure 22.
  • support structures which are provided with support tubes 17 or support rods, and wherein the support tubes 17 or support rods led out of the channel 1 and are rotatably mounted on the wall of the channel 1.
  • the inner wall of the channel 1, as well as the passage region of the support tubes 17 is provided with an insulation 23.
  • the supports are inspected from the outside and can be adjusted during plant operation.
  • the flow grid 14 is a welded construction of materials that have comparable coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • a vertical support tube 17 or vertical support rod of the support structure 16 is mounted on one side at the top and bottom of the inner or outer shell of the channel 1, rotatably mounted.
  • the support structure 16 is rotatably mounted via tabs 25 on an additional, rotatably mounted on the shell of the channel 1 support 26.
  • the support 26 is positioned such that the thermal difference ⁇ L between the flow grid 14 and the channel 1 produces rotation of the support 26.
  • the support 26 may be above or below the outside of the channel envelope via a damper system 27 with the wall of the channel. 1 get connected. Such damper systems can also be attached to the support tubes 17.
  • tubes 15, 14 rods or similarly elongated elements may be used for the flow grid.
  • the tubes 15 are arranged vertically. It is also possible to align the tubes 15 or rods horizontally, angled, circular or oval to each other. It is essential that a partially gas-impermeable and provided with passages flow grid 14 is formed.
  • the described flow grid 14 is used to protect the arranged in the channel 1 internals of a possibly arranged in channel 1, not shown here exhaust muffler and as in Fig. 1 shown flap 6 of the diverter 3, which selectively supplies the exhaust gas of the gas turbine to the waste heat boiler or a waste heat boiler or parallel arranged bypass channel 5. If such a bypass is missing, the flow grid 14 can advantageously be installed in the channel 1 before it enters the waste heat boiler ( Fig. 2 ). In this case, the internals of the waste heat boiler by the homogenization of the flow distribution - caused by the flow grid 14 - protected. Finally, the flow grid 14 can also be used in an exhaust gas system connected to a gas turbine, which is connected neither directly nor via a diverter 3 with a waste heat boiler ( Fig. 3 ). In the channel 1 of such an exhaust system also guide surfaces 12 may be installed. Also in this case, the flow rate of the turbine exhaust gas is made uniform to the existing in the exhaust system internals -. B. Exhaust silencer - to protect.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Beeinflussung der Strömung eines Abgases einer Gasturbine mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an arrangement for influencing the flow of an exhaust gas of a gas turbine having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Der Abgasstrom einer Gasturbine wird typischerweise nicht als über den gesamten Kanalquerschnitt gleichmäßig verteilte Strömung mit einer einheitlichen Geschwindigkeit des Abgases dem Abgassystem zugeführt. Je nach Hersteller und Typ der Gasturbine oder auch je nach Lastfall liegt eine unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeitsverteilung vor. Die ungleichmäßig verteilte Strömung kann zu mechanischen Belastungen der in der Abgasstrecke angeordneten Anlagenteile führen. Diese Anlagenteile müssten aufwendig, z. B. hinsichtlich der Wanddicke ausgelegt werden, wenn nicht andere Maßnahmen zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.The exhaust stream of a gas turbine is typically not supplied to the exhaust system as uniformly distributed over the entire channel cross-section flow with a uniform velocity of the exhaust gas. Depending on the manufacturer and type of gas turbine or depending on the load case, there is a different velocity distribution. The unevenly distributed flow can lead to mechanical loads on the system components arranged in the exhaust gas line. These parts of the system would be expensive, z. B. be designed in terms of wall thickness, if not other measures can be provided.

Aus der EP 1 146 285 B1 ist ein mit dem Abgas einer Gasturbine beaufschlagter Abhitzekessel bekannt, bei dem zwischen dem Abhitzekessel und der Gasturbine ein Diverter mit einer schwenkbaren Klappe angeordnet ist. Um bei dieser Anordnung eine vergleichmäßigende Verteilung der lokalen Gassträhnen über den Anströmquerschnitt des Abhitzekessels zu erreichen, ist stromab der schwenkbaren Klappe eine Leiteinrichtung angeordnet. Die Leitbleche dieser Leiteinrichtung sind zwischen einer Umlenkstellung während des Anfahrens des Abhitzekessels und einer die Gasströmung nicht beeinflussenden Stellung verschwenkbar.From the EP 1 146 285 B1 is acted upon by the exhaust gas of a gas turbine waste heat boiler, in which a diverter is arranged with a pivotable flap between the waste heat boiler and the gas turbine. In order to achieve a uniform distribution of the local gas strands over the flow cross section of the waste heat boiler in this arrangement, a guide is arranged downstream of the pivotable flap. The baffles of this guide are pivotable between a deflection position during startup of the waste heat boiler and a gas flow not influencing position.

Weiter ist aus der EP 0 863 364 A2 ist ein Abhitzekessel bekannt, der mit einem sich erweiternden oder divergierenden Rohr ausgerüstet ist, das vom Auslass einer Turbine zum Einlass des Kessels verläuft. Die Umgebungswand des divergierenden Rohres, die vom oberen Ende des Kessels zum oberen Ende des Auslasses der Turbine verläuft, ist mit einem Winkel (α) geneigt, der größer als 45° und bis zu 75 ° in Bezug auf die horizontale Ebene ist. Dabei ist das divergierende Rohr mit dem oberen Teil des Auslasses der Turbine mittels eines bogenförmigen Wandteiles verbunden. Innerhalb des divergierenden Rohres, und zwar im Bereich des durch die bogenförmige Wand begrenzten Teils, sind einen Gasstrom befördernde Profile vorgesehen, die in aufeinanderfolgende und benachbarte Reihen angeordnet sind.Next is from the EP 0 863 364 A2 is a waste heat boiler known to be with a widening or diverging Equipped pipe, which runs from the outlet of a turbine to the inlet of the boiler. The surrounding wall of the diverging pipe, which extends from the upper end of the boiler to the upper end of the outlet of the turbine, is inclined at an angle (α) greater than 45 ° and up to 75 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. In this case, the diverging tube is connected to the upper part of the outlet of the turbine by means of an arcuate wall part. Within the diverging tube, in the region of the part bounded by the arcuate wall, there are provided gas flow conveying profiles arranged in successive and adjacent rows.

Aus der US 5,555,718 ist ein Combined-Cycle-System bekannt, das eine Gasturbine umfasst, die mit einem Abhitzedampferzeuger verbunden ist. Dabei enthält der Abhitzedampferzeuger einen Abschnitt eines "Selective-Catalytic-Reactors", wobei Stickstoffoxid mit einem reagierenden Gas, wie beispielsweise Ammoniak oder Harnstoff reagiert, um molekularen Stickstoff und Wasserdampf zu erzeugen. Der sich erweiternde Übergangsabschnitt enthält eine Reihe aus den Strömungsfluss regulierenden Profilrippen, die sich über den Abschnitt in einem Muster erstrecken und das Rauchgas gleichmäßig über den großen Querschnitt des Wärmeübergangsabschnitts verteilen. Das reagierende Gas wird in den Rauchgasstrom durch eine Reihe von Düsen injiziert, die über den Profilrippen angeordnet sind, so dass das reagierende Gas gleichmäßig gemischt und verteilt wird, bevor es in den Selective-Catalytic-Reactor-Abschnitt eintritt.From the US 5,555,718 For example, a combined cycle system is known that includes a gas turbine connected to a heat recovery steam generator. In this case, the heat recovery steam generator contains a section of a "selective catalytic reactor", wherein nitrogen oxide reacts with a reacting gas, such as ammonia or urea, to produce molecular nitrogen and water vapor. The flared transition section includes a series of flow-restricting profile ribs that extend across the section in a pattern and evenly distribute the flue gas over the large cross-section of the heat transfer section. The reacting gas is injected into the flue gas stream through a series of nozzles positioned over the tread ribs so that the reacting gas is uniformly mixed and dispersed before entering the Selective Catalytic Reactor section.

Schließlich offenbart die DE19737507A1 ein Strömungsgitter in einem Kanal zwischen einer Gasturbine und einem Abhitzekessel. Dieses Dokument offenbart den nächstliegenden Stand der Technik für die vorliegende Erfindung.Finally, the reveals DE19737507A1 a flow grid in a channel between a gas turbine and a waste heat boiler. This document discloses the closest prior art for the present invention.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung zu schaffen, um den Abhitzekessel einer Gasturbinenanlage und/oder gegebenenfalls in dem Abgas führenden Kanal angeordnete Einbauten vor Beschädigungen durch Strömungskräfte aus Strömungen mit lokal erhöhten Geschwindigkeiten zu schützen.The invention has for its object to provide an arrangement to the waste heat boiler of a gas turbine plant and / or possibly in the exhaust gas channel leading internals from damage caused by flow forces Protecting currents with locally increased speeds.

Die Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Anordnung erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object is achieved in a generic arrangement according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Strömungsgitter ist mit allen Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 versehen und teilweise gasundurchlässig und so ausgebildet, dass die Strömung gezielt verändert wird. Die Abgassträhnen mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit werden abgebremst und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wird über den Kanalquerschnitt vergleichmäßigt. Das Strömungsgitter wird so in dem Kanal des Abgassystems eingebaut, dass die Geschwindigkeitsvergleichmäßigung in ausreichendem Maße erfolgt, noch bevor der Gasstrom auf die nachfolgenden Anlagenteile trifft.The flow grid according to the invention is provided with all features of independent claim 1 and partially gas-impermeable and designed so that the flow is selectively changed. The exhaust strands with increased speed are decelerated and the flow velocity is made uniform over the channel cross-section. The flow grid is installed in the duct of the exhaust system in such a way that the equalization of the speed takes place sufficiently, even before the gas flow hits the subsequent system parts.

Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch eine Anordnung zur Beeinflussung der Gasströmung in einer Gasturbinenanlage mit Bypass,
Fig. 2
die Anordnung zur Beeinflussung der Gasströmung in einem direkt mit dem Abhitzekessel verbundenen Kanal,
Fig. 3
die Anordnung zur Beeinflussung der Gasströmung in einem Abgassystem ohne Abhitzekessel,
Fig. 4
den Schnitt II-II nach den Fig. 1 bis 3,
Fig. 5
in Seitenansicht den unteren Teil einer Tragkonstruktion für ein Strömungsgitter,
Fig. 6
ein Detail der Tragkonstruktion mit einer unteren Abstützung,
Fig. 7
ein Detail der Tragkonstruktion mit einer oberen Abstützung,
Fig. 8
den Schnitt II - II in einer anderen Ausführungsform und
Fig. 9
die Draufsicht auf Fig. 8.
Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawing and are explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 schematically shows an arrangement for influencing the gas flow in a gas turbine plant with a bypass,
Fig. 2
the arrangement for influencing the gas flow in a directly connected to the waste heat boiler channel,
Fig. 3
the arrangement for influencing the gas flow in an exhaust system without waste heat boiler,
Fig. 4
the section II-II after the Fig. 1 to 3 .
Fig. 5
in side view the lower part of a support structure for a flow grid,
Fig. 6
a detail of the support structure with a lower support,
Fig. 7
a detail of the support structure with an upper support,
Fig. 8
the section II - II in another embodiment and
Fig. 9
the top view Fig. 8 ,

Gemäß Fig. 1 wird von einer nicht gezeigten Gasturbine Abgas A über einen Kanal 1 dem Gehäuse 2 eines Diverters 3 herangeführt. Auf der vom Kanal 1 abgewandten Seite ist der Diverter 3 mit einem Kanal 4 verbunden, der das Abgas A einem Abhitzekessel zuführt, dessen Eintritt durch die Linie 13 angedeutet ist. Von dem Gehäuse 2 zweigt ein zu einem nicht gezeigten Bypasskamin führender Bypasskanal 5 ab. Im Gehäuse 2 des Diverters 3 ist eine Klappe 6 um eine Achse 7 derart schwenkbar gelagert, dass sie entweder den Kanal 4 oder den Bypasskanal 5 unter Einhaltung verschiedener Zwischenstellungen absperren kann. In der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stellung tritt ein Teil A1 des von der Gasturbine herangeführten Abgases A in den Bypasskanal 5 ein, während ein anderer Teil A2 die freie Kante 6a der Klappe 6 umströmt und dem Abhitzekessel zuströmt.According to Fig. 1 is brought from a gas turbine exhaust gas A, not shown, via a channel 1 to the housing 2 of a diverter 3. On the side facing away from the channel 1 side of the diverter 3 is connected to a channel 4, which supplies the exhaust gas A a waste heat boiler, whose entry is indicated by the line 13. From the housing 2 branches off leading to a bypass chimney, not shown Bypasskanal 5. In the housing 2 of the diverter 3, a flap 6 is pivotably mounted about an axis 7 such that it can shut off either the channel 4 or the bypass channel 5 while maintaining various intermediate positions. In the in Fig. 1 1, part A1 of the exhaust gas A brought from the gas turbine enters the bypass channel 5, while another part A2 flows around the free edge 6a of the flap 6 and flows to the waste heat boiler.

In der Strömung A2 kommt es bei Umströmung der freien Kante 6a der Klappe 6 zur Bildung lokaler Strähnen, die unter Umständen von dem durch die Gasturbine aufgeprägten Drall unterstützt wird. Die Strähnenbildung in der Strömung A2 führt zu einer ungleichmäßigen Wärmebeaufschlagung des Querschnitts des Kanals 4 und damit des Abhitzekessels.In the flow A2 occurs when flowing around the free edge 6a of the flap 6 to form local strands, which may be supported by the impressed by the gas turbine swirl. The stratification in the flow A2 leads to an uneven heat load on the cross section of the channel 4 and thus of the waste heat boiler.

In dem Einströmende des Kanals 4 ist eine Leiteinrichtung 8 angeordnet. Diese Leiteinrichtung 8 weist in einer vertikalen Querschnittsebene angeordnete Leitbleche 9 auf, die verstellbar sein können. Zur mittigen Lagerung der Leitbleche 9 kann in den Kanal 4 noch ein Träger 10 angeordnet sein. Wie aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, können die Schwenkwinkel der einzelnen Leitbleche 9 unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden, um die erforderliche Umlenkung an die gegebene Strähnenkonfiguration besser anpassen zu können.In the inflow end of the channel 4, a guide 8 is arranged. This guide 8 has arranged in a vertical cross-sectional plane baffles 9, which can be adjustable. For central storage of the baffles 9 can still be arranged in the channel 4, a carrier 10. Like from the Fig. 1 it can be seen, the pivoting angle of the individual baffles 9 can be adjusted independently of each other in order to better adapt the required deflection to the given strand configuration can.

Die Gasströmung A2 wird z. B. beim Anfahren des Abhitzekessels gleichmäßiger über den Querschnitt des Kanals 4 verteilt. Nach Ende des Anfahrvorgangs sperrt die Klappe 6 den Bypasskanal 5 ab, und die Leitbleche 9 nehmen eine Lage ein, in der die von der Gasturbine herangeführte Gasströmung A ohne Ablenkung in der Leiteinrichtung 8 dem Abhitzekessel zuströmt. In dieser Stellung erzeugt die Leiteinrichtung keinen nennenswerten Druckverlust.The gas flow A2 is z. B. evenly distributed over the cross section of the channel 4 when starting the waste heat boiler. After the end of the starting operation, the flap 6 closes off the bypass channel 5, and the baffles 9 assume a position in which the gas flow A supplied by the gas turbine flows without distraction in the guide 8 to the waste heat boiler. In this position, the guide generates no appreciable pressure loss.

In dem Bypasskanal 5 ist eine der Leiteinrichtung 8 vergleichbare Leiteinrichtung 11 mit Leitblechen 12 angeordnet, die z. B. die Anströmung eines im Bypasskanal 5 oder dem nachgeordneten Bypasskamin angeordneten Schalldämpfers verbessern kann. Die Leitbleche 12 können verstellbar sein.In the bypass channel 5, a guide 8 comparable guide 11 is arranged with baffles 12, the z. B. can improve the flow of a arranged in the bypass channel 5 or the downstream bypass silencer. The baffles 12 may be adjustable.

Die bisher beschriebenen Maßnahmen vermindern eine ungleichmäßige Strömungsverteilung in dem Kanal 4 stromab der Klappe 6, die sich aus deren Schrägstellung ergibt. Das die Gasturbine verlassende Abgas tritt aber bereits in den Kanal 1 mit einer über den Kanalquerschnitt ungleichmäßigen Strömungsverteilung ein. Je nach Gasturbinentyp können dabei z. B. im zentralen Bereich des Kanals 1 Strahlen mit stark überhöhter Geschwindigkeit auftreten. Ein im Folgenden näher beschriebenes Strömungsgitter 14 hat die Aufgabe, die Strömung innerhalb des an die Gasturbine angeschlossenen Kanals 1 zu vergleichmäßigen und die stark überhöhten Geschwindigkeiten herabzusetzen. Das Strömungsgitter kann in Verbindung mit den Leiteinrichtungen 8 und/oder 11 angeordnet sein, es kann aber auch ohne die Leiteinrichtungen eingesetzt werden.The measures described so far reduce an uneven flow distribution in the channel 4 downstream of the flap 6, resulting from their inclination. The gas leaving the gas turbine but already enters the channel 1 with a non-uniform over the channel cross-section flow distribution. Depending on the type of gas turbine z. B. in the central region of the channel 1 rays occur at greatly excessive speed. A flow grille 14 described in more detail below has the task of equalizing the flow within the channel 1 connected to the gas turbine and to reduce the greatly inflated velocities. The flow grid can be arranged in connection with the guide devices 8 and / or 11, but it can also be used without the guide devices.

Das Strömungsgitter 14, das in den Fig. 1 bis 3 nur schematisch angedeutet ist, ist quer in dem Kanal 1 an dem der Gasturbine zugewandten Ende und weit genug vor dem Abhitzekessel oder den Einbauten - wie z. B. der Klappe 6 - angeordnet. Das Strömungsgitter 14 ist vorzugsweise in dem Bereich des Kanals 1 angeordnet, wo die höchsten Gasgeschwindigkeiten zu erwarten sind.The flow grid 14, which in the Fig. 1 to 3 is indicated only schematically, is transverse to the channel 1 at the gas turbine end facing and far enough before the waste heat boiler or the internals - such. B. the flap 6 - arranged. The flow grid 14 is preferably in the region of the channel 1 arranged where the highest gas velocities are expected.

Das Strömungsgitter 14 ist ein plattenähnliches, teilweise gasundurchlässiges Gebilde, das den Kanalquerschnitt teilweise versperrt und mit Durchtritten für das Abgas versehen ist. Das Strömungsgitter 14 kann aus mehreren mit Abstand voneinander angeordneten Rohren 15 bestehen, zwischen denen Spalten für den Durchtritt des Abgases gebildet sind. Die Rohre 15 sind durch quer zu ihnen verlaufende Elemente, die ebenfalls Rohre 15 sein können, miteinander verbunden. Innerhalb des Strömungsgitters 14 kann eine Reihe von Rohren 15 vorhanden sein. Anstelle einer Reihe von Rohren 15 können auch mehrere in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases hintereinander liegende Reihen von Rohren 15 zum Einsatz kommen. Dabei können die Rohre 15 einer Reihe versetzt zu den Rohren 15 der folgenden Reihe angeordnet sein.The flow grid 14 is a plate-like, partially gas-impermeable structure which partially obstructs the channel cross-section and is provided with passages for the exhaust gas. The flow grid 14 may consist of a plurality of spaced-apart tubes 15, between which gaps for the passage of the exhaust gas are formed. The tubes 15 are interconnected by transversely extending elements, which may also be tubes 15. Within the flow grid 14, a number of tubes 15 may be present. Instead of a series of tubes 15, several rows of tubes 15 lying one behind the other in the flow direction of the exhaust gas may also be used. In this case, the tubes 15 of a row can be arranged offset from the tubes 15 of the following row.

Die Rohre 15 können aus einem hitzebeständigen Material bestehen und einen rein mechanischen Einbau darstellen. Die Rohre 15 können aber auch als innengekühlte Elemente ausgeführt sein.The tubes 15 may be made of a heat-resistant material and constitute a purely mechanical installation. The tubes 15 can also be designed as internally cooled elements.

Die Rohre 15 des Strömungsgitters 14 sind in einer Tragkonstruktion 16 gehalten. Die Tragkonstruktion 16 kann auf der Innen- oder Außenhülle des Kanals 1 abgestützt sein, so dass die von der Strömung des Abgases hervorgerufenen Kräfte aufgefangen werden können. Ebenso werden die aufgrund der Betriebstemperaturen auftretenden Ausdehnungen des Materials durch die Tragkonstruktion 16 kompensiert.The tubes 15 of the flow grid 14 are held in a support structure 16. The support structure 16 may be supported on the inner or outer shell of the channel 1, so that the forces caused by the flow of the exhaust gas can be absorbed. Likewise, the expansions of the material due to the operating temperatures are compensated by the support structure 16.

Gemäß den Fig. 5, 6 und 7 besteht die Tragkonstruktion 16 vorzugsweise aus vertikalen Tragrohren 17 oder Tragstäben, die durch die Wand des Kanals 1 hindurchgeführt sind. Die Tragrohre 17 sind auf der Kanalunterseite über Tragrohrverlängerungen 18 auf dem Betonfundament 19 in Lagern 20, 21 abgestützt (Fig. 5, 6). Dabei handelt es sich um eine Schweißkonstruktion, die eigensteif ohne Spalte ausgeführt ist. Das in Fig. 5 auf der rechten Seite gezeigte Lager 20 ist als Festlager, und das Lager 21 auf der linken Seite ist als Loslager ausgebildet. Gemäß Fig. 7 erfolgt die Abstützung der Tragrohre 17 auf der Kanaloberseite über einen darüber liegenden Stahlbau 22.According to the Fig. 5 . 6 and 7 the support structure 16 preferably consists of vertical support tubes 17 or support rods, which are passed through the wall of the channel 1. The support tubes 17 are supported on the channel bottom via support tube extensions 18 on the concrete foundation 19 in bearings 20, 21 ( Fig. 5, 6 ). It is a welded construction, which is designed without any gaps. This in Fig. 5 The bearing 20 shown on the right side is a fixed bearing, and the bearing 21 on the left side is formed as a floating bearing. According to Fig. 7 the support tubes 17 are supported on the upper side of the channel via an overlying steel structure 22.

In den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung fallen ausschließlich Tragkonstruktionen, die mit Tragrohren 17 oder Tragstäben versehen sind, und wobei die Tragrohre 17 oder Tragstäbe aus dem Kanal 1 herausgeführt und auf der Wand des Kanals 1 drehbeweglich gelagert sind.In the subject of the present invention are exclusively support structures, which are provided with support tubes 17 or support rods, and wherein the support tubes 17 or support rods led out of the channel 1 and are rotatably mounted on the wall of the channel 1.

Die Innenwand des Kanals 1 ist ebenso wie der Durchtrittsbereich der Tragrohre 17 mit einer Isolierung 23 versehen. Die Abdichtung der Tragrohre 17 gegenüber den heißen Abgasen innerhalb des Kanals 1 erfolgt über Kompensatoren 24 auf der Außenseite des Kanals 1. Bei dieser Ausführung sind die Abstützungen von außen inspizierbar und können während des Anlagenbetriebes angepasst werden.The inner wall of the channel 1, as well as the passage region of the support tubes 17 is provided with an insulation 23. The sealing of the support tubes 17 against the hot exhaust gases within the channel 1 via compensators 24 on the outside of the channel 1. In this embodiment, the supports are inspected from the outside and can be adjusted during plant operation.

Anstelle der in den Fig. 5 bis 7 beispielhaft gezeigten Tragkonstruktion sind auch andere Ausführungsformen im Sinne der Erfindung möglich.Instead of in the Fig. 5 to 7 shown supporting structure, other embodiments in the context of the invention are possible.

Bei der Ausführungsvariante gemäß den Fig. 8 und 9 handelt es sich bei dem Strömungsgitter 14 um eine Schweißkonstruktion aus Materialien, die vergleichbare Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. Ein vertikales Tragrohr 17 oder vertikaler Tragstab der Tragkonstruktion 16 ist auf der einen Seite oben und unten an der Innen- oder Außenhülle des Kanals 1, drehbar gelagert, befestigt. Auf der anderen Seite des Strömungsgitters 14 ist die Tragkonstruktion 16 über Laschen 25 an einer zusätzlichen, drehbar an der Hülle des Kanals 1 gelagerten Stütze 26 drehbeweglich befestigt. Die Stütze 26 ist derart positioniert, dass die thermische Differenzdehnung ΔL zwischen dem Strömungsgitter 14 und dem Kanal 1 eine Drehung der Stütze 26 erzeugt. Die Stütze 26 kann oben oder unten außerhalb der Kanalhülle über ein Dämpfersystem 27 mit der Wand des Kanals 1 verbunden werden. Derartige Dämpfersysteme können auch an den Tragrohren 17 angebracht werden.In the embodiment according to the 8 and 9 If the flow grid 14 is a welded construction of materials that have comparable coefficients of thermal expansion. A vertical support tube 17 or vertical support rod of the support structure 16 is mounted on one side at the top and bottom of the inner or outer shell of the channel 1, rotatably mounted. On the other side of the flow grid 14, the support structure 16 is rotatably mounted via tabs 25 on an additional, rotatably mounted on the shell of the channel 1 support 26. The support 26 is positioned such that the thermal difference ΔL between the flow grid 14 and the channel 1 produces rotation of the support 26. The support 26 may be above or below the outside of the channel envelope via a damper system 27 with the wall of the channel. 1 get connected. Such damper systems can also be attached to the support tubes 17.

Anstelle von Rohren 15 können für das Strömungsgitter 14 Stäbe oder ähnlich langgestreckte Elemente verwendet werden. Gemäß Fig. 4 sind die Rohre 15 vertikal angeordnet. Ebenso ist es möglich, die Rohre 15 oder Stäbe horizontal, winklig, kreisförmig oder oval zueinander auszurichten. Wesentlich ist, dass ein teilweise gasundurchlässiges und mit Durchtritten versehenes Strömungsgitter 14 entsteht.Instead of tubes 15, 14 rods or similarly elongated elements may be used for the flow grid. According to Fig. 4 the tubes 15 are arranged vertically. It is also possible to align the tubes 15 or rods horizontally, angled, circular or oval to each other. It is essential that a partially gas-impermeable and provided with passages flow grid 14 is formed.

Das beschriebene Strömungsgitter 14 dient zum Schutz der im Kanal 1 angeordneten Einbauten eines ggf. in Kanal 1 angeordneten, hier nicht gezeigten Abgasschalldämpfers und wie die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Klappe 6 des Diverters 3, die das Abgas der Gasturbine wahlweise dem Abhitzekessel oder einem den Abhitzekessel umfahrenden bzw. parallel dazu angeordneten Bypasskanal 5 zuführt. Fehlt ein solcher Bypass, so lässt sich das Strömungsgitter 14 vorteilhaft in den Kanal 1 vor dem Eintritt in den Abhitzekessel einbauen (Fig. 2). In diesem Fall werden die Einbauten des Abhitzekessels durch die Vergleichmäßigung der Strömungsverteilung - bewirkt durch das Strömungsgitter 14 - geschützt. Schließlich lässt sich das Strömungsgitter 14 auch in einem mit einer Gasturbine verbundenen Abgassystem einsetzen, das weder direkt noch über einen Diverter 3 mit einem Abhitzekessel verbunden ist (Fig. 3). In dem Kanal 1 eines solchen Abgassystems können auch zusätzlich Leitflächen 12 eingebaut sein. Auch in diesem Fall wird die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Turbinenabgases vergleichmäßigt, um die in dem Abgassystem vorhandenen Einbauten - z. B. Abgasschalldämpfer - zu schützen.The described flow grid 14 is used to protect the arranged in the channel 1 internals of a possibly arranged in channel 1, not shown here exhaust muffler and as in Fig. 1 shown flap 6 of the diverter 3, which selectively supplies the exhaust gas of the gas turbine to the waste heat boiler or a waste heat boiler or parallel arranged bypass channel 5. If such a bypass is missing, the flow grid 14 can advantageously be installed in the channel 1 before it enters the waste heat boiler ( Fig. 2 ). In this case, the internals of the waste heat boiler by the homogenization of the flow distribution - caused by the flow grid 14 - protected. Finally, the flow grid 14 can also be used in an exhaust gas system connected to a gas turbine, which is connected neither directly nor via a diverter 3 with a waste heat boiler ( Fig. 3 ). In the channel 1 of such an exhaust system also guide surfaces 12 may be installed. Also in this case, the flow rate of the turbine exhaust gas is made uniform to the existing in the exhaust system internals -. B. Exhaust silencer - to protect.

Claims (21)

  1. Arrangement for influencing the flow of an exhaust gas of a gas turbine within a duct (1) leading to a waste-heat boiler,
    wherein
    at the gas turbine end of the duct (1), there is arranged, transversely to the duct, a flow grid (14) that partially blocks the cross section of the duct (1) and is provided with openings, and is designed and arranged far enough upstream of the waste-heat boiler or subsequent inserts to sufficiently equalize the velocity of the exhaust gas flow before the exhaust gas flow arrives at these parts of the installation,
    characterized in that
    the flow grid (14) is connected to a supporting construction (16) that is provided with supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods, and in that the supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods lead out of the duct (1) and are rotatably mounted on the wall of the duct (1).
  2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flow grid (14) is arranged in that region of the duct (1) in which the excessive velocities arise.
  3. Arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow grid (14) consists of individual pipes (15) arranged spaced apart from one another.
  4. Arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that a coolant flows through the interior of the pipes (15).
  5. Arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow grid (14) consists of individual rods arranged spaced apart from one another.
  6. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flow grid (14) consists of a row of pipes (15) or rods arranged next to and spaced apart from one another.
  7. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flow grid (14) consists of multiple rows of pipes (15) or rods arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the duct (1).
  8. Arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the pipes (15) or rods of the flow grid (14) in the rows are arranged offset with respect to one another.
  9. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pipes (15) or rods of the flow grid (14) are arranged vertically.
  10. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pipes (15) or rods of the flow grid (14) are arranged horizontally.
  11. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pipes (15) or rods of the flow grid (14) are arranged vertically and horizontally.
  12. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pipes (15) or rods of the flow grid (14) are arranged at an angle, in a circle or in an oval.
  13. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the flow grid (14) is supported on the internal shell of the duct (1).
  14. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods are mounted in a vibration-damping manner.
  15. Arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods are supported outside the duct (1) on a base (19).
  16. Arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods are supported on a frame (22) surrounding the duct (1).
  17. Arrangement according to Claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the supporting pipes (17) or supporting rods are supported on the base (19) or the frame (22) in a thermally movable manner.
  18. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that one of the supporting pipes (17) is mounted in a rotationally movable manner on the wall of the duct (1), and in that the supporting construction (16) on the other side is connected in a rotationally movable manner to an additional support.
  19. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the supporting pipes (17) are sealed with respect to the duct (1) by means of compensators (24).
  20. Arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that inserts are provided in the duct (1), and in that the flow grid (14) is arranged upstream of the inserts.
  21. Arrangement according to Claim 20, characterized in that a bypass (5) is connected to the duct (1), and in that the inserts consist of a redirection flap (6) which, depending on its position, fully or partially closes the duct (1) or the bypass (5).
EP09014442.9A 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 System for influencing an exhaust gas flow Active EP2325559B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES09014442.9T ES2620775T3 (en) 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 Willingness to influence an exhaust gas flow
EP09014442.9A EP2325559B1 (en) 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 System for influencing an exhaust gas flow
KR1020127013601A KR101777431B1 (en) 2009-11-19 2010-11-18 Assembly for influencing an exhaust gas flow
US13/510,765 US9291342B2 (en) 2009-11-19 2010-11-18 Arrangement for influencing an exhaust gas flow
PCT/EP2010/007014 WO2011060935A1 (en) 2009-11-19 2010-11-18 Assembly for influencing an exhaust gas flow

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09014442.9A EP2325559B1 (en) 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 System for influencing an exhaust gas flow

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EP2325559A1 EP2325559A1 (en) 2011-05-25
EP2325559B1 true EP2325559B1 (en) 2016-12-28

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EP (1) EP2325559B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101777431B1 (en)
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CN110118345B (en) * 2019-05-21 2024-02-13 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Flue gas diversion system and method and waste heat boiler
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WO2011060935A1 (en) 2011-05-26
EP2325559A1 (en) 2011-05-25
KR101777431B1 (en) 2017-09-11
ES2620775T3 (en) 2017-06-29
KR20120123257A (en) 2012-11-08
US20120279596A1 (en) 2012-11-08
US9291342B2 (en) 2016-03-22

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