EP2026000A1 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2026000A1
EP2026000A1 EP07015829A EP07015829A EP2026000A1 EP 2026000 A1 EP2026000 A1 EP 2026000A1 EP 07015829 A EP07015829 A EP 07015829A EP 07015829 A EP07015829 A EP 07015829A EP 2026000 A1 EP2026000 A1 EP 2026000A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
heating gas
horizontal
heating
loads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP07015829A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fred Heinrichs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP07015829A priority Critical patent/EP2026000A1/en
Priority to RU2010108473/06A priority patent/RU2467249C2/en
Priority to PL08786769T priority patent/PL2174060T3/en
Priority to US12/672,129 priority patent/US8596227B2/en
Priority to EP08786769.3A priority patent/EP2174060B1/en
Priority to CN2008801028280A priority patent/CN101779081B/en
Priority to KR20107005175A priority patent/KR101494483B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2008/060149 priority patent/WO2009021861A2/en
Publication of EP2026000A1 publication Critical patent/EP2026000A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/24—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding
    • F22B37/242—Supporting, suspending, or setting arrangements, e.g. heat shielding for bottom supported water-tube steam generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B15/00—Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator, in particular in a horizontal construction, with a through-flow in a nearly horizontal heating gas from a heating medium heating gas channel.
  • the heat contained in the relaxed working fluid or heating gas from the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the heat transfer takes place in a heat recovery steam generator connected downstream of the gas turbine, in which a number of heating surfaces are usually arranged for water preheating, steam generation and steam superheating.
  • the heating surfaces are connected in the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine.
  • the water-steam cycle usually includes several, z. B. three, pressure levels, each pressure stage may have a Verdampferloom phenomenon.
  • a heat recovery steam generator in horizontal construction, in which the heating medium or heating gas, ie in particular the exhaust gas from the gas turbine, is guided in approximately horizontal flow direction through the steam generator.
  • This horizontal design allows in comparison to the so-called stationary construction, in which the heating medium flows through the steam generator in a substantially vertical direction, in particular to keep the construction cost comparatively low.
  • a portal frame framework is chosen for the outer walls of the steam generator or its heating gas channel forming side walls as the usual structural solution over which the resulting loads are introduced into the foundation.
  • the resulting as a result of the internal pressure of the flue gas load component initiates comparatively large bending moments in the support structure, so that appropriately dimensioned components and components must be provided in the design of the structure. For a suitable recording of these loads, a comparatively high material and manufacturing effort is required.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a steam generator of the above type, in which with a particularly low cost and in a particularly simple design a reliable recording of said loads, in particular given by the design internal pressure of the heating gas additional loads guaranteed ,
  • the heating gas channel is comprised of a number of support frames arranged one behind the other in the direction of the heating gas, wherein at least two of the support frames are connected to each other via a number of horizontal discs.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the manufacturing and material-related expense for reliable derivation of said loads can be kept particularly low, especially by the introduced via the internal pressure of the flue gas load component as in conventional systems on individual frame elements of the heating gas duct, but Instead, it is concentrated in the foundation.
  • these support frames should be connected in the manner of a truss structure on appropriately positioned horizontal discs.
  • the horizontal discs are designed in the manner of horizontal struts.
  • the free clamping heights significantly, for example, reduced to one third, so that the vertical supports only about one-eighth (corresponding to 12.5%) the usual bending moments are charged.
  • a reliable support with significantly reduced material usage can be achieved.
  • the occurring deformations are also significantly reduced by the use of H-trusses.
  • a particularly reliable introduction of the loads is achievable by the available through the horizontal struts framework is provided particularly symmetrical and evenly distributed for the outer surfaces of the Schugaskanals.
  • the horizontal discs are advantageously arranged on both sides of the Schugaskanals.
  • a particularly symmetrical and therefore comparatively simple and effective construction can be achieved by two horizontal struts are arranged in pairs opposite one another to the heating gas channel in a particularly advantageous embodiment.
  • the components forming the truss frame are designed with regard to their choice of material and dimensioning suitable that the loads and bending moments introduced via the internal pressure of the flue gas can be reliably derived with sufficient safety margin with a design based on internal pressure of the fuel gas of about 70 mbar.
  • this interpretation-based internal pressure is consistently applied for all parts of the Schugaskanals, although in the output region of the Schugaskanals due to the resulting pressure loss of the fuel gas flowing through the Schugaskanals a comparatively lower internal pressure incurred during operation.
  • the steam generator is used as a heat recovery steam generator of a gas and steam turbine plant.
  • the steam generator is advantageously one of the heating gas Gas turbine downstream.
  • this circuit can be conveniently provided behind the gas turbine an additional firing to increase the temperature of the heating gas.
  • a truss frame is formed as a supporting structure for the Schugaskanal by connecting the support frame interconnecting horizontal discs on the reliable and concentrated discharge of the resulting loads is made possible with particularly low material and manufacturing costs.
  • the vertical supports between the two truss frames at the flue gas inlet and at the flue gas outlet side of the heating gas channel are thus still burdened with the usual normal forces by vertical loads, but the resulting bending moments due to the reduction of the free clamping heights can be significantly reduced. Since the bending moments are given approximately according to the relationship M ⁇ Q * l 2/11, can be reduced to about one-eighth by the achievable over the truss discs reduction of the free length l to about one third as well as the respective bending moment.
  • the steam generator 1 is designed as a heat recovery steam generator and downstream of a gas turbine not shown in detail on the exhaust side.
  • the steam generator 1 has a surrounding wall 2, which forms in the manner of a horizontal construction a in a nearly horizontal, indicated by the arrow 4 Studgasraum x through the gas channel 6 for the exhaust gas from the gas turbine.
  • a number of suitably designed and dimensioned heating surfaces for preheating, evaporation and superheating of the flow medium is arranged in each case.
  • the surrounding the Edelgaskanal 6 surrounding wall 2 is constructed layered in the embodiment in the usual design, adjacent to a skin forming the sheet including adjusting a insulation provided as a Dämmungs initial is arranged, which in turn is limited to the interior of the Schugaskanals 6 out of a liner.
  • the heating gas channel 6 On the input side, the heating gas channel 6 has a comparatively small free flow cross section, which widens continuously in the area of a transition section 8 in the direction of the heating gas 4 up to the actual free flow cross section of the heating gas channel 6.
  • the structural design of the steam generator 1 is designed specifically for a reliable recording of the resulting loads at particularly low manufacturing and material costs.
  • the supporting structure of the steam generator 1 on the one hand comprises a number of vertical supports 10, which are designed in terms of dimensioning and choice of material such that they can forward the resulting vertical loads from Schurochen, pipes and the like readily to the foundation.
  • a truss support frame 12 is provided over the other resulting loads are deliberately and concentrated derived in the foundation.
  • the truss support frame 12 is formed from a number of seen in Bankgasraum x successively arranged support frame 14, which include the Schugaskanal 6 respectively, and which are connected to each other via a number of horizontal discs 16.
  • the horizontal discs 16 are arranged on both sides of the Schugaskanals 6 and in pairs opposite each other.
  • the embodiment according to the FIG two support frames 14 are shown, which could be provided depending on possible further design criteria of the steam generator and a larger number of support frame 14. This is useful, for example, in the case of the arrangement of an additional firing or a catalyst.
  • a tension rod 18 which is oriented essentially horizontally.
  • the tie rods 18 is just in the inlet region of the Schugaskanals 6, where in the case of operation of the steam generator 1 usually the largest internal pressure of the hot gas is applied, the given by the internal pressure loads that can be up to five times higher than the wind loads, suitably coupled and compensated for each other so that no introduction of these loads or the resulting bending moments on the framework framework 12 in the foundation is required.
  • the truss frames 12 are designed in the embodiment with a base width of about 2.75 m.
  • two horizontal disks 16 are provided on each side of the heating gas channel 6 for load acceptance and delivery to the truss frame 12.
  • the free clamping heights of the respective side surfaces of the Edelgaskanals 6 are thus reduced in terms of force and torque introduction to one third compared to the full height of the Edelgaskanals 6. Since the corresponding bending moments are given according to the relationship M ⁇ Q * l 2/11, thus the respective bending moment is reduced by the correspondingly lower free clamping height of about one-eighth or 12.5% of the costs necessary for the full height of the heating gas channel 6 bending moment. This achieves a solution which can be achieved with a correspondingly lower use of material and the associated production outlay.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The steam generator (1) has a heating gas channel (6) through which a heating medium flows in an approximately horizontal heating gas direction (x). The heating gas channel is enclosed by multiple supporting frames (14) arranged behind one another in the heating gas direction. Two of the supporting frames are connected with each other by a number of horizontal disks (16).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger, insbesondere in liegender Bauweise, mit einem in einer annähernd horizontalen Heizgasrichtung von einem Heizmedium durchströmbaren Heizgaskanal.The invention relates to a steam generator, in particular in a horizontal construction, with a through-flow in a nearly horizontal heating gas from a heating medium heating gas channel.

Bei einer Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage wird die im entspannten Arbeitsmittel oder Heizgas aus der Gasturbine enthaltene Wärme zur Erzeugung von Dampf für die Dampfturbine genutzt. Die Wärmeübertragung erfolgt in einem der Gasturbine nachgeschalteten Abhitzedampferzeuger, in dem üblicherweise eine Anzahl von Heizflächen zur Wasservorwärmung, zur Dampferzeugung und zur Dampfüberhitzung angeordnet sind. Die Heizflächen sind in den Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf der Dampfturbine geschaltet. Der Wasser-Dampf-Kreislauf umfasst üblicherweise mehrere, z. B. drei, Druckstufen, wobei jede Druckstufe eine Verdampferheizfläche aufweisen kann.In a gas and steam turbine plant, the heat contained in the relaxed working fluid or heating gas from the gas turbine is used to generate steam for the steam turbine. The heat transfer takes place in a heat recovery steam generator connected downstream of the gas turbine, in which a number of heating surfaces are usually arranged for water preheating, steam generation and steam superheating. The heating surfaces are connected in the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine. The water-steam cycle usually includes several, z. B. three, pressure levels, each pressure stage may have a Verdampferheizfläche.

Für den der Gasturbine als Abhitzedampferzeuger heizgasseitig nachgeschalteten Dampferzeuger kommen mehrere alternative Auslegungskonzepte, nämlich die Auslegung als Durchlaufdampferzeuger oder die Auslegung als Umlaufdampferzeuger, in Betracht. Bei einem Durchlaufdampferzeuger führt die Beheizung von als Verdampferrohren vorgesehenen Dampferzeugerrohren zu einer Verdampfung des Strömungsmediums in den Dampferzeugerrohren in einem einmaligen Durchlauf. Im Gegensatz dazu wird bei einem Natur- oder Zwangumlaufdampferzeuger das im Umlauf geführte Wasser bei einem Durchlauf durch die Verdampferrohre nur teilweise verdampft. Das dabei nicht verdampfte Wasser wird nach einer Abtrennung des erzeugten Dampfes für eine weitere Verdampfung denselben Verdampferrohren erneut zugeführt, wobei der verdampfte Anteil durch dem Verdampfungssystem neu zugeführtes Wasser ersetzt wird.For the gas turbine as heat recovery steam generator downstream of the steam generator come several alternative design concepts, namely the design as a continuous steam generator or the design as circulation steam generator, into consideration. In a continuous steam generator, the heating of steam generator tubes provided as evaporator tubes leads to an evaporation of the flow medium in the steam generator tubes in a single pass. In contrast, in a natural or forced circulation steam generator, the recirculated water is only partially vaporized when passing through the evaporator tubes. The water which has not evaporated in this process is fed again to the same evaporator tubes after a separation of the steam produced for a further evaporation, the evaporated portion being replaced by the newly supplied water through the evaporation system.

Besondere Vorteile hinsichtlich des Herstellungsaufwands, aber auch hinsichtlich erforderlicher Wartungsarbeiten bietet ein Abhitzedampferzeuger in liegender Bauweise, bei dem das beheizende Medium oder Heizgas, also insbesondere das Abgas aus der Gasturbine, in annähernd horizontaler Strömungsrichtung durch den Dampferzeuger geführt ist. Diese liegende Bauweise ermöglicht im Vergleich zur so genannten stehenden Bauweise, bei der das beheizende Medium den Dampferzeuger in im Wesentlichen vertikaler Richtung durchströmt, insbesondere den bautechnischen Aufwand vergleichsweise gering zu halten. In bautechnischer Hinsicht ist dabei für die die Außenwände des Dampferzeugers oder seines Heizgaskanals bildenden Seitenwände als übliche Tragwerkslösung ein Portalrahmentragwerk gewählt, über das die anfallenden Lasten in das Fundament eingeleitet werden. Dabei sind einerseits die anfallenden Vertikallasten aus Heizflächenlasten, weiteren Komponenten, Rohrleitungen, Bühnen oder dergleichen und andererseits auch als weitere wesentliche Lastkomponente auch der Innendruck des Rauch- oder Heizgases mit etwa 70 mbar zu berücksichtigen. Gerade die in Folge des Innendrucks des Rauchgases anfallende Lastkomponente leitet dabei vergleichsweise große Biegemomente in die Stützkonstruktion ein, so dass bei der Auslegung des Tragwerks entsprechend geeignet dimensionierte Bauteile und Komponenten bereitgestellt werden müssen. Zur geeigneten Aufnahme dieser Lasten ist damit ein vergleichsweise hoher Material- und Herstellungsaufwand erforderlich.Particular advantages in terms of the manufacturing effort, but also with regard to required maintenance offers a heat recovery steam generator in horizontal construction, in which the heating medium or heating gas, ie in particular the exhaust gas from the gas turbine, is guided in approximately horizontal flow direction through the steam generator. This horizontal design allows in comparison to the so-called stationary construction, in which the heating medium flows through the steam generator in a substantially vertical direction, in particular to keep the construction cost comparatively low. In terms of construction technology, a portal frame framework is chosen for the outer walls of the steam generator or its heating gas channel forming side walls as the usual structural solution over which the resulting loads are introduced into the foundation. On the one hand, the resulting vertical loads from Heizflächenlasten, other components, pipelines, stages or the like and on the other hand, as a further significant load component and the internal pressure of the flue or hot gas to be considered with about 70 mbar. Especially the resulting as a result of the internal pressure of the flue gas load component initiates comparatively large bending moments in the support structure, so that appropriately dimensioned components and components must be provided in the design of the structure. For a suitable recording of these loads, a comparatively high material and manufacturing effort is required.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Dampferzeuger der oben genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem mit besonders gering gehaltenem Aufwand und in besonders einfacher Bauweise eine zuverlässige Aufnahme der genannten Lasten, insbesondere der durch den Auslegungs-Innendruck des Heizgases gegebenen zusätzlichen Lasten, gewährleistet ist.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a steam generator of the above type, in which with a particularly low cost and in a particularly simple design a reliable recording of said loads, in particular given by the design internal pressure of the heating gas additional loads guaranteed ,

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst, indem der Heizgaskanal von einer Anzahl von in Heizgasrichtung gesehen hintereinander angeordneten Stützrahmen umfasst ist, wobei zumindest zwei der Stützrahmen über eine Anzahl von Horizontalscheiben miteinander verbunden sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the heating gas channel is comprised of a number of support frames arranged one behind the other in the direction of the heating gas, wherein at least two of the support frames are connected to each other via a number of horizontal discs.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass der herstellungs- und materialbedingte Aufwand zur zuverlässigen Ableitung der genannten Lasten besonders gering gehalten werden kann, indem insbesondere die über den Innendruck des Rauchgases eingeleitete Lastkomponente nicht wie in üblichen Systemen über einzelne Rahmenelemente des Heizgaskanals, sondern stattdessen konzentriert in das Fundament eingeleitet wird. Dazu sind eine Anzahl von den Rauchgaskanal oder Heizgaskanal geeignet umfassenden Stützrahmen, also insbesondere Stützen und Riegel, vorgesehen. Um dabei eine zuverlässige Einleitung der die Biegemomente hervorrufenden Lasten zu gewährleisten, sollten diese Stützrahmen in der Art einer Fachwerkskonstruktion über geeignet positionierte Horizontalscheiben verbunden sein. Die Horizontalscheiben sind dabei in der Art von Horizontalstreben ausgeführt. Insbesondere können durch die in der Art einer Fachwerkskonstruktion mit den Stützrahmen verbundenen Horizontalscheiben (H-Fachwerke) die freien Spannhöhen deutlich, beispielsweise auf ein Drittel, reduziert werden, so dass die vertikalen Stützen nur noch mit etwa einem Achtel (entsprechend 12,5 %) der üblichen Biegemomente belastet werden. Somit ist eine zuverlässige Abstützung mit erheblich verringertem Materialeinsatz erreichbar. Die auftretenden Verformungen werden durch die Anwendung von H-Fachwerken ebenfalls erheblich reduziert.The invention is based on the consideration that the manufacturing and material-related expense for reliable derivation of said loads can be kept particularly low, especially by the introduced via the internal pressure of the flue gas load component as in conventional systems on individual frame elements of the heating gas duct, but Instead, it is concentrated in the foundation. For this purpose, a number of the flue gas duct or Heizgaskanal suitable comprehensive support frame, ie in particular supports and bars, provided. In order to ensure a reliable initiation of the bending moments causing loads, these support frames should be connected in the manner of a truss structure on appropriately positioned horizontal discs. The horizontal discs are designed in the manner of horizontal struts. In particular, by the connected in the manner of a truss structure with the support frame horizontal discs (H-trusses), the free clamping heights significantly, for example, reduced to one third, so that the vertical supports only about one-eighth (corresponding to 12.5%) the usual bending moments are charged. Thus, a reliable support with significantly reduced material usage can be achieved. The occurring deformations are also significantly reduced by the use of H-trusses.

Eine besonders zuverlässige Einleitung der Lasten ist dabei erreichbar, indem das durch die Horizontalstreben erhältliche Fachwerk besonders symmetrisch und gleich verteilt für die Außenflächen des Heizgaskanals bereitgestellt wird. Dazu sind die Horizontalscheiben vorteilhafterweise beidseitig des Heizgaskanals angeordnet. Eine besonders symmetrische und damit vergleichsweise einfach gehaltene und wirksame Konstruktion ist dabei erreichbar, indem in besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung jeweils zwei Horizontalstreben paarweise einander gegenüberliegend zum Heizgaskanal angeordnet sind.A particularly reliable introduction of the loads is achievable by the available through the horizontal struts framework is provided particularly symmetrical and evenly distributed for the outer surfaces of the Heizgaskanals. For this purpose, the horizontal discs are advantageously arranged on both sides of the Heizgaskanals. A particularly symmetrical and therefore comparatively simple and effective construction can be achieved by two horizontal struts are arranged in pairs opposite one another to the heating gas channel in a particularly advantageous embodiment.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die den Fachwerkrahmen bildenden Komponenten hinsichtlich ihrer Materialwahl und Dimensionierung derart geeignet ausgelegt, dass die über den Innendruck des Rauchgases eingeleiteten Lasten und Biegemomente bei einem auslegungsbedingt zugrunde gelegten Innendruck des Heizgases von etwa 70 mbar zuverlässig und mit ausreichend bemessener Sicherheitsreserve abgeleitet werden können. Zweckmäßigerweise wird dabei dieser auslegungsbedingte Innendruck durchgehend für sämtliche Teile des Heizgaskanals zugrunde gelegt, obwohl im Ausgangsbereich des Heizgaskanals aufgrund des anfallenden Druckverlustes des Heizgases beim Durchströmen des Heizgaskanals ein vergleichsweise geringerer Innendruck während des Betriebes anfällt.Advantageously, the components forming the truss frame are designed with regard to their choice of material and dimensioning suitable that the loads and bending moments introduced via the internal pressure of the flue gas can be reliably derived with sufficient safety margin with a design based on internal pressure of the fuel gas of about 70 mbar. Conveniently, this interpretation-based internal pressure is consistently applied for all parts of the Heizgaskanals, although in the output region of the Heizgaskanals due to the resulting pressure loss of the fuel gas flowing through the Heizgaskanals a comparatively lower internal pressure incurred during operation.

Dem Umstand, dass üblicherweise im Eintrittsbereich des Heizgaskanals der vergleichsweise höchste Innendruck des Heizgases anliegt, wird darüber hinaus in besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dadurch geeignet Rechnung getragen, dass zwei an gegenüber liegenden Seitenwänden des Heizgaskanals angeordnete Horizontalscheiben im Einströmbereich des Heizgaskanals durch einen im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichteten Zugstab miteinander verbunden sind. Damit werden die aus dem Innendruck des Heizgases resultierenden Lasten an der Rauchgaseintrittsseite des Heizgaskanals, die etwa fünf Mal höher als die kalkulatorischen Windlasten sind, durch den jeweiligen Zugstab gekoppelt und kompensiert, so dass diese Lasten in Abhängigkeit zur Steifigkeit der Fachwerkrahmen in Achse A sowie B nicht zu den Fundamenten abgeleitet werden müssen.The fact that the comparatively highest internal pressure of the heating gas usually prevails in the inlet region of the heating gas channel is moreover suitably taken into account by two horizontal disks arranged on opposite side walls of the heating gas channel in the inflow region of the heating gas duct by a substantially horizontally oriented tension rod connected to each other. Thus, the resulting from the internal pressure of the fuel gas loads on the flue gas inlet side of the Heizgaskanals, which are about five times higher than the imputed wind loads, coupled and compensated by the respective tie rod, so that these loads in dependence on the rigidity of the truss frame in axis A and B do not have to be deduced to the foundations.

Vorteilhafterweise weisen die Stützrahmen in Achse B und L mit 2750 mm Basis ca. 1/12 der Höhe von 31,52 m sowie die Horizontalscheiben mit einer Basis von 2,1 m ca. 1/8 der Länge auf.Advantageously, the support frame in axis B and L with 2750 mm base about 1/12 of the height of 31.52 m and the horizontal discs with a base of 2.1 m about 1/8 of the length.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird der Dampferzeuger als Abhitzedampferzeuger einer Gas- und Dampfturbinenanlage verwendet. Dabei ist der Dampferzeuger vorteilhafterweise heizgasseitig einer Gasturbine nachgeschaltet. Bei dieser Schaltung kann zweckmäßigerweise hinter der Gasturbine eine Zusatzfeuerung zur Erhöhung der Heizgastemperatur vorgesehen sein.Conveniently, the steam generator is used as a heat recovery steam generator of a gas and steam turbine plant. In this case, the steam generator is advantageously one of the heating gas Gas turbine downstream. In this circuit can be conveniently provided behind the gas turbine an additional firing to increase the temperature of the heating gas.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, dass durch die die Stützrahmen miteinander verbindenden Horizontalscheiben ein Fachwerkrahmen als Tragwerk für den Heizgaskanal gebildet wird, über den mit besonders gering gehaltenem Material- und Herstellungsaufwand eine zuverlässige und konzentrierte Ableitung der anfallenden Lasten ermöglicht wird. Die vertikalen Stützen zwischen den beiden Fachwerkrahmen an der Rauchgaseintritts- und an der Rauchgasaustrittsseite des Heizgaskanals werden somit zwar noch mit den üblichen Normalkräften durch Vertikallasten belastet, wobei aber die anfallenden Biegemomente aufgrund der Reduktion der freien Spannhöhen signifikant reduziert werden können. Da die Biegemomente näherungsweise gemäß der Beziehung M ≅ Q * l2/11 gegeben sind, kann durch die über die Fachwerkscheiben erreichbare Reduktion der freien Länge l auf etwa ein Drittel sowie das jeweilige Biegemoment auf etwa ein Achtel reduziert werden.The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that a truss frame is formed as a supporting structure for the Heizgaskanal by connecting the support frame interconnecting horizontal discs on the reliable and concentrated discharge of the resulting loads is made possible with particularly low material and manufacturing costs. The vertical supports between the two truss frames at the flue gas inlet and at the flue gas outlet side of the heating gas channel are thus still burdened with the usual normal forces by vertical loads, but the resulting bending moments due to the reduction of the free clamping heights can be significantly reduced. Since the bending moments are given approximately according to the relationship M ≅ Q * l 2/11, can be reduced to about one-eighth by the achievable over the truss discs reduction of the free length l to about one third as well as the respective bending moment.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigt die Figur einen Dampferzeuger.An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In it, the figure shows a steam generator.

Der Dampferzeuger 1 gemäß der FIG ist als Abhitzedampferzeuger ausgestaltet und einer nicht näher dargestellten Gasturbine abgasseitig nachgeschaltet. Der Dampferzeuger 1 weist eine Umfassungswand 2 auf, die in der Art einer liegenden Bauweise einen in einer annähernd horizontalen, durch den Pfeil 4 angedeuteten Heizgasrichtung x durchströmbaren Heizgaskanal 6 für das Abgas aus der Gasturbine bildet. Im Heizgaskanal 6 ist jeweils eine Anzahl von geeignet ausgelegten und dimensionierten Heizflächen für Vorwärmung, Verdampfung und Überhitzung des Strömungsmediums angeordnet.The steam generator 1 according to the FIG is designed as a heat recovery steam generator and downstream of a gas turbine not shown in detail on the exhaust side. The steam generator 1 has a surrounding wall 2, which forms in the manner of a horizontal construction a in a nearly horizontal, indicated by the arrow 4 Heizgasrichtung x through the gas channel 6 for the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. In the heating gas channel 6 a number of suitably designed and dimensioned heating surfaces for preheating, evaporation and superheating of the flow medium is arranged in each case.

Die den Heizgaskanal 6 bildende Umfassungswand 2 ist dabei im Ausführungsbeispiel in üblicher Bauweise geschichtet aufgebaut, wobei benachbart zu einem die Außenhaut bildenden Blech einschließlich Verstellfuß ein als Isolierung vorgesehener Dämmungsaufbau angeordnet ist, der seinerseits zum Innenraum des Heizgaskanals 6 hin von einem Liner begrenzt ist. Eingangsseitig weist der Heizgaskanal 6 dabei einen vergleichsweise geringen freien Strömungsquerschnitt auf, der sich im Bereich einer Übergangssektion 8 in Heizgasrichtung 4 gesehen kontinuierlich bishin zum eigentlichen freien Strömungsquerschnitt des Heizgaskanals 6 hin erweitert.The surrounding the Heizgaskanal 6 surrounding wall 2 is constructed layered in the embodiment in the usual design, adjacent to a skin forming the sheet including adjusting a insulation provided as a Dämmungsaufbau is arranged, which in turn is limited to the interior of the Heizgaskanals 6 out of a liner. On the input side, the heating gas channel 6 has a comparatively small free flow cross section, which widens continuously in the area of a transition section 8 in the direction of the heating gas 4 up to the actual free flow cross section of the heating gas channel 6.

Die Tragwerkskonstruktion des Dampferzeugers 1 ist gezielt für eine zuverlässige Aufnahme der anfallenden Lasten bei besonders gering gehaltenem Herstellungs- und Materialaufwand ausgelegt. Dazu umfasst das Tragwerk des Dampferzeugers 1 einerseits eine Anzahl von vertikalen Stützen 10, die hinsichtlich Dimensionierung und Materialwahl derart ausgelegt sind, dass sie die anfallenden Vertikallasten aus Heizflächenlasten, Rohrleitungen und dergleichen ohne Weiteres an das Fundament weiterleiten können. Andererseits ist in Ergänzung zu diesen vertikalen Stützen aber noch ein Fachwerkstragrahmen 12 vorgesehen, über den weitere anfallende Lasten gezielt und konzentriert in das Fundament abgeleitet werden. Der Fachwerkstragrahmen 12 ist dabei gebildet aus einer Anzahl von in Heizgasrichtung x gesehen hintereinander angeordneten Stützrahmen 14, die den Heizgaskanal 6 jeweils umfassen, und die über eine Anzahl von Horizontalscheiben 16 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Horizontalscheiben 16 sind dabei beidseitig des Heizgaskanals 6 und jeweils paarweise einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der FIG sind zwei Stützrahmen 14 gezeigt, wobei abhängig von möglichen weiteren Auslegungskriterien des Dampferzeugers auch eine größere Anzahl von Stützrahmen 14 vorgesehen sein könnte. Dies ist beispielsweise im Falle der Anordnung einer Zusatzfeuerung oder eines Katalysators sinnvoll.The structural design of the steam generator 1 is designed specifically for a reliable recording of the resulting loads at particularly low manufacturing and material costs. For this purpose, the supporting structure of the steam generator 1 on the one hand comprises a number of vertical supports 10, which are designed in terms of dimensioning and choice of material such that they can forward the resulting vertical loads from Heizflächenlasten, pipes and the like readily to the foundation. On the other hand, in addition to these vertical supports but still a truss support frame 12 is provided over the other resulting loads are deliberately and concentrated derived in the foundation. The truss support frame 12 is formed from a number of seen in Heizgasrichtung x successively arranged support frame 14, which include the Heizgaskanal 6 respectively, and which are connected to each other via a number of horizontal discs 16. The horizontal discs 16 are arranged on both sides of the Heizgaskanals 6 and in pairs opposite each other. In the embodiment according to the FIG two support frames 14 are shown, which could be provided depending on possible further design criteria of the steam generator and a larger number of support frame 14. This is useful, for example, in the case of the arrangement of an additional firing or a catalyst.

Im Einströmbereich des Heizgaskanals 6 sind jeweils zwei einander gegenüberliegende Horizontalscheiben 16 jeweils durch einen im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichteten Zugstab 18 miteinander verbunden. Durch die Zugstäbe 18 wird gerade im Eintrittsbereich des Heizgaskanals 6, wo im Betriebsfall des Dampferzeugers 1 üblicherweise der größte Innendruck des Heizgases anliegt, die durch den Innendruck gegebenen Lasten, die bis zu fünf Mal höher als die Windlasten sein können, geeignet gekoppelt und gegeneinander kompensiert, so dass keine Einleitung dieser Lasten oder der dadurch gegebenen Biegemomente über den Fachwerkrahmen 12 in das Fundament erforderlich ist. Die Fachwerkrahmen 12 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Basisbreite von etwa 2,75 m ausgeführt.In the inflow region of the heating gas channel 6, in each case two mutually opposite horizontal disks 16 are connected to each other by a tension rod 18 which is oriented essentially horizontally. By the tie rods 18 is just in the inlet region of the Heizgaskanals 6, where in the case of operation of the steam generator 1 usually the largest internal pressure of the hot gas is applied, the given by the internal pressure loads that can be up to five times higher than the wind loads, suitably coupled and compensated for each other so that no introduction of these loads or the resulting bending moments on the framework framework 12 in the foundation is required. The truss frames 12 are designed in the embodiment with a base width of about 2.75 m.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der FIG sind an jeder Seite des Heizgaskanals 6 jeweils zwei Horizontalscheiben 16 zur Lastaufnahme und Abgabe an den Fachwerkrahmen 12 vorgesehen. Die freien Spannhöhen der jeweiligen Seitenflächen des Heizgaskanals 6 werden damit hinsichtlich der Kraft- und Momenteinleitung auf ein Drittel im Vergleich zur vollen Bauhöhe des Heizgaskanals 6 reduziert. Da die entsprechenden Biegemomente gemäß der Beziehung M ≅ Q * l2/11 gegeben sind, reduziert sich durch die entsprechend geringere freie Spannhöhe somit das jeweilige Biegemoment auf etwa ein Achtel oder 12,5 % des für die volle Bauhöhe des Heizgaskanals 6 anfallenden Biegemoments. Damit ist eine mit entsprechend geringerem Materialeinsatz und den damit verbundenen Herstellungsaufwand erreichbare Lösung erreicht.In the exemplary embodiment according to the FIG. 2, two horizontal disks 16 are provided on each side of the heating gas channel 6 for load acceptance and delivery to the truss frame 12. The free clamping heights of the respective side surfaces of the Heizgaskanals 6 are thus reduced in terms of force and torque introduction to one third compared to the full height of the Heizgaskanals 6. Since the corresponding bending moments are given according to the relationship M ≅ Q * l 2/11, thus the respective bending moment is reduced by the correspondingly lower free clamping height of about one-eighth or 12.5% of the costs necessary for the full height of the heating gas channel 6 bending moment. This achieves a solution which can be achieved with a correspondingly lower use of material and the associated production outlay.

Claims (4)

Dampferzeuger (1) mit einem in einer annähernd horizontalen Heizgasrichtung (x) von einem Heizmedium durchströmbaren Heizgaskanal (6), der von einer Anzahl von in Heizgasrichtung (x) gesehen hintereinander angeordneten Stützrahmen (14) umfasst ist, wobei zumindest zwei der Stützrahmen (14) über eine Anzahl von Horizontalscheiben (16) miteinander verbunden sind.Steam generator (1) comprising a heating gas channel (6) through which a heating medium can flow in an approximately horizontal heating gas direction (6), comprising a number of support frames (14) arranged behind one another in the heating gas direction (x), at least two of the support frames (14 ) are interconnected via a number of horizontal discs (16). Dampferzeuger (1) nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Horizontalscheiben (16) beidseitig des Heizgaskanals (6) angeordnet sind.Steam generator (1) according to claim 1, in which the horizontal disks (16) are arranged on both sides of the heating gas channel (6). Dampferzeuger (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem zwei an gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden des Heizgaskanals (6) angeordnete Horizontalscheiben (16) im Einströmbereich des Heizgaskanals (6) durch einen im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichteten Zugstab (18) miteinander verbunden sind.Steam generator (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two on horizontal side walls of the Heizgaskanals (6) arranged horizontal discs (16) in the inflow region of the Heizgaskanals (6) by a substantially horizontally oriented tie rod (18) are interconnected. Dampferzeuger (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, der heizgasseitig eine Gasturbine vorgeschaltet ist.Steam generator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, the heating gas side is preceded by a gas turbine.
EP07015829A 2007-08-10 2007-08-10 Steam generator Withdrawn EP2026000A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07015829A EP2026000A1 (en) 2007-08-10 2007-08-10 Steam generator
RU2010108473/06A RU2467249C2 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
PL08786769T PL2174060T3 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
US12/672,129 US8596227B2 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
EP08786769.3A EP2174060B1 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
CN2008801028280A CN101779081B (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
KR20107005175A KR101494483B1 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator
PCT/EP2008/060149 WO2009021861A2 (en) 2007-08-10 2008-08-01 Steam generator

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KR (1) KR101494483B1 (en)
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RU2467249C2 (en) 2012-11-20
RU2010108473A (en) 2011-09-20
WO2009021861A3 (en) 2009-06-11
KR101494483B1 (en) 2015-02-17
WO2009021861A2 (en) 2009-02-19
US8596227B2 (en) 2013-12-03
KR20100066496A (en) 2010-06-17
EP2174060A2 (en) 2010-04-14
CN101779081A (en) 2010-07-14
EP2174060B1 (en) 2015-10-14
PL2174060T3 (en) 2016-04-29
CN101779081B (en) 2012-03-21

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