EP2324976A1 - Shearer chain and shearer - Google Patents

Shearer chain and shearer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2324976A1
EP2324976A1 EP10014639A EP10014639A EP2324976A1 EP 2324976 A1 EP2324976 A1 EP 2324976A1 EP 10014639 A EP10014639 A EP 10014639A EP 10014639 A EP10014639 A EP 10014639A EP 2324976 A1 EP2324976 A1 EP 2324976A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chain
face
cutting tools
cutting
chain according
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
EP10014639A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
désignation de l'inventeur n'a pas encore été déposée La
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Nv Pmds SA
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Nv Pmds SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2324976A1 publication Critical patent/EP2324976A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/08—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with saw-blades of endless cutter-type, e.g. chain saws, i.e. saw chains, strap saws
    • B28D1/082—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with saw-blades of endless cutter-type, e.g. chain saws, i.e. saw chains, strap saws consisting of chain saws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00—Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/14—Saw chains
    • B27B33/142—Cutter elements
    • B27B33/144—Cutter elements having cutting inserts or exchangeable cutting teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00—Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/14—Saw chains
    • B27B33/142—Cutter elements
    • B27B33/145—Cutter elements having plural teeth on a single link
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/12—Saw-blades or saw-discs specially adapted for working stone
    • B28D1/124—Saw chains; rod-like saw blades; saw cables
    • B28D1/125—Saw chains; rod-like saw blades; saw cables with exchangeable cutter bits or cutter segments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/22—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutter chains moving unidirectionally along jibs
    • E21C25/28—Chains or chain guides
    • E21C25/34—Chains

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cutters for cutting rocks, especially for quarry quarrying.
  • the invention more specifically relates to a chain for a rock cutter.
  • Shear chains are usually formed by a succession of articulated links, at least some of which carry cutting tools. Cutting tools can be attached directly to the links. More generally, they are attached to tool holders which are themselves attached to the links. Fixing the tools on their respective supports is advantageously removable. Similarly, the attachment of the tool holders to the links is preferably removable.
  • a chain of this type is described in the document FR 2 521 061 .
  • the links are divided into sequences or series of six links, which are repeated over the entire length of the chain.
  • the first two links of the chain each carry a single cutting tool, which is laterally offset from the median plane of the chain.
  • the next four links of the sequence each carry two cutting tools, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain.
  • the cutting tools of each sequence are further arranged in a fan, so as to generate in the rock a front of convex size.
  • this known shear chain undergoes significant lateral forces, mainly near the first two links of each sequence, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the median plane of the chain. It follows the disadvantage that the chain is highly stressed, accelerating its wear and increasing the risk of breakage during use.
  • the invention aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages of known chains of shearers.
  • the invention is more particularly intended to provide a shear chain, designed to reduce the lateral forces to which it is normally subjected during normal use.
  • the invention is especially intended to provide a shear chain in which the lateral forces experienced by the cutting tools in the immediate vicinity of the median plane of the chain are considerably reduced.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a shear chain in which the evacuation of rock debris is facilitated.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a shearer chain whose efficiency and performance are improved over known chains.
  • the invention relates to a rock drill chain, comprising a succession of links distributed in sequences of links carrying cutting tools, the chain being characterized in that, in each sequence, the cutting tools are arranged in a fan-shaped manner. generating in the rock a cutting edge of which at least a portion, greater than 25% of the length of said face, is concave.
  • the chain according to the invention comprises a loop of links between two gears, which are interconnected by means of articulations and which carry cutting tools.
  • each link carries at least one cutting tool.
  • one or more links of the chain can be without cutting tools.
  • active link will denote any link in the chain carrying at least one cutting tool.
  • active link refers to any link without cutting tools.
  • Active links may carry a single cutting tool or more than one tool, for example two or more tools. According to the invention, it is preferred that each active link carries a single cutting tool.
  • Cutting tools are not critical for the definition of the invention. They generally include pads made of an abrasion resistant material.
  • the choice of active ingredient cutting tools will depend on various parameters, including the nature of the rock and the power of the shearer. Depending on whether the rock is soft or hard, it is possible for example to use a metal carbide (for example tungsten carbide) or polycrystalline diamond.
  • the platelets may be circular, oval or polygonal circular platelets or ovoid platelets. Cylindrical platelets with a circular, square or rectangular base are preferred.
  • the links of the chain are divided into successive sequences or series of several links, the sequences being substantially identical and comprising the same number of active links.
  • Each sequence comprises several successive active links (for example six links).
  • the cutting tools are offset with respect to the median plane of the chain (the median plane being, by definition, a plane substantially covering all the links and sprockets of the chain).
  • the number of cutting tools in each sequence and their position on their link are usually (but not necessarily) different from one link to another.
  • the number of cutting tools of a sequence and their respective dispositions in it are repeated in the other sequences.
  • these can be distributed identically in each of the successive sequences of the chain. However, it is preferred to divide them distinctly in the sequences so that, during normal use of the chain on a shearer, the sequences have vibration frequencies distinct from each other.
  • the cutting elements notch the rock.
  • the thickness of the notch thus formed is equal to the largest spacing between the cutting elements located on either side of the median plane of the chain.
  • This notch has a face in front of the cutting tools, whose profile is determined by the arrangement of the cutting elements in the sequences.
  • the set of cutting tools of each sequence form a fan and this fan is arranged so that, during the normal operation of the chain, a part at least the cutting face cut in the rock has a concave profile.
  • the length of said concave portion of the face is greater than 25% of the total length of the face. It is advantageously at least 40% (preferably 50%) of this total length, the values of 75 to 80% generally being well.
  • the longitudinal axis of the chain is an axis that joins the centers of the two aforementioned gables.
  • the shape of the aforementioned fan will condition the geometric parameters of the concave profile of the face. In general, these parameters are adjusted so that the lateral component of the forces experienced by the cutting tools in contact with the rock is minimal compared to their component, parallel to the median plane of the chain. The optimum parameters will depend on various parameters, including the shape of the cutting tools, as well as their position and orientation on the links; they must be determined in each particular case by the person skilled in the art.
  • the entire face of the face has a concave profile.
  • the concave portion of the face is substantially in the center of the face.
  • the face of size has a concave central portion, between two marginal portions which are convex.
  • the total length of the two convex marginal portions is less than the length of the concave central portion of the face.
  • the total length of the two convex marginal portions is preferably less than 75% (preferably 60%) of the length of the concave central portion of the cut. It is recommended that it does not exceed 50% (advantageously 25%) of the length of the concave central portion of the face.
  • each active link carries only one cutting tool.
  • the number of active links (and, consequently, the number of cutting tools) per sequence is greater than 10 (preferably at least 12).
  • the cutting tools are arranged and oriented on the active links so as to leave a thin axial rib in the notch formed in the rock. This rib is intended to break through fragility as the progress of the shearer.
  • each sequence of the chain according to the invention comprises at least one inactive link between two active links. All other things being equal (especially for the same chain length and the same total number of links), a chain according to this embodiment has a higher cutting efficiency, but with greater stress on the cutting tools.
  • the chain according to the invention comprises scraper elements.
  • These scraper elements are arranged on the links so as to run in the immediate vicinity of the rock upstream or downstream of the cutting elements. Their function is to collect rock debris and climb out of the cut made in the rock. As a corollary, they perform the additional function of reducing the accumulation of rock debris on cutting tools.
  • the scraper elements may be arranged on the active links, upstream or downstream of the cutting tool or tools carried by this link (the terms “upstream” and "downstream” being defined with respect to the direction of progression of the chain with respect to the rock).
  • the scraper elements may be arranged on inactive links alternating with the active links.
  • the scraper elements may be rigid metal plates. Alternatively, it is preferred to make them into a flexible material, for example brushes.
  • links of the chain carry at least one retaining pad.
  • the retaining pad is set back from the cutting elements and its function is to substitute for a cutting tool that would accidentally break, then bearing on the wall of the rock.
  • the retaining pad prevents the chain abruptly undergoes lateral deformation under the effect of lateral forces generated by the other cutting tools.
  • the retaining pad may be located on an active link, directly upstream or downstream of the cutting tool of this link.
  • the retaining pad is disposed on an inactive link immediately preceding or following an active link.
  • the retaining pad is made of an abrasion-resistant material, for example a metal carbide (tungsten carbide being especially recommended).
  • the chain according to the invention is less mechanically stressed and it therefore allows the use of shearers of greater power and higher productivities.
  • the wafers can be attached directly to the active links.
  • the cutting tools are fixed on tool holders, said tool holders then being attached to the links.
  • Cutting tools can be welded or brazed to their tool holders; however, a removable attachment is preferred.
  • Tool holders can be an integral part of the links that carry them. However, it is preferred that they be removably attached to links in the chain.
  • Additional information is available on cutting tools, their attachment to their respective tool holders and the attachment of these to the active links of the chain.
  • the tool holders have a profile which substantially matches the profile of the face of size.
  • This expression means that, at any point on the surface of the tool holder, which is opposite the wall of the cut made by the cutting tools in the rock, the spacing between this point and this wall is minimal.
  • the toolholder while the chain cuts the rock, the toolholder has a front face facing the cutting face of the notch and two lateral faces facing the side walls of the slot. the notch and the gap between these front and side faces, on the one hand, and the walls of the notch, on the other hand, is minimal.
  • This particular profile of the tool holders has the advantageous effect of guiding the tool holders and the chain in the cut as the progress of the cut of the rock.
  • upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the direction of progression of the chain opposite the face of size.
  • the aforementioned minimum spacing between the tool holder and the walls of the notch is achieved by the protruding arrangement of the or each cutting tool on its tool holder.
  • a very small gap is especially favorable to the purpose of the invention, to reduce the accumulation of rock debris upstream of the cutting tools. In practice, this result is obtained with a spacing of less than 5 mm.
  • the spacing be greater than 0.1 mm.
  • the advantageous embodiment which has just been described has the advantage of reducing the mechanical stresses acting on the cutting chains and their cutting tools, of increasing the service life of chains and cutting tools and of improving the accuracy , efficiency and performance of hacking operations.
  • the invention therefore also relates to shearers which are characterized by a chain according to the invention.
  • the shears according to the invention are suitable for the extraction of all types of quarry stone. They find many applications, especially for the extraction of limestone such as marble and travertine, for example.
  • the shearer represented at figure 1 comprises a frame 7 movable in the direction of the arrow X on a pair of rails 9 placed on a bed of rock 10.
  • the shearer 7 comprises a steerable arm 8 carrying a chain 1 mounted in a loop on two pinions 2 and 3.
  • the pinion 3 is coupled to a motor, not shown, to be driven in the direction of the arrow Y.
  • the chain 1 is formed of links 4 connected to each other by articulations and carrying cutting tools (not visible to the figure 1 ).
  • the frame 7 is moved on the rails 9 in the direction of the arrow X and the chain 1 progressively cuts a notch 11 in the rock bench 10.
  • the cutting tools 5 are platelets of circular cross section.
  • the sequence consists of six links.
  • the first two links each carry a single cutting tool (respectively the cutting tool 5A on the first link and the cutting tool 5B on the second link).
  • the next four links each carry a pair of cutting tools (respectively tool pairs 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F).
  • the two tools 5A and 5B are offset with respect to the median plane of the chain, respectively to the left and to the right thereof.
  • the two tools of the pair are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain.
  • the spacing between the two cutting tools of a pair is increasing from the pair 5A to the pair 5F.
  • the figure 3 shows the two cutting tools 5C of the sequence. These are mounted on a support 15 intended to be fixed on the third link of the sequence.
  • a support 15 intended to be fixed on the third link of the sequence.
  • the cutting tools 5 of the sequence are arranged in a convex fan, as shown schematically in FIG. figure 11 of the document FR 2 521 061 in such a provision, notch 11 ( figure 1 ) which is cut in the rock 10 has a face of size 6 ( figure 2 ) which is convex.
  • the forces 12 acting on the cutting tools 5 have a large lateral component 13 which is reflected on the links of the chain, causing accelerated wear thereof and the risk that it breaks or breaks the pinion 3.
  • Each sequence includes ( figure 5 ) eleven meshes each carrying a single cutting tool, respectively 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5K.
  • the cutting tools are offset laterally with respect to the median plane of the chain, alternately left and right of said median plane.
  • the cutting tools 5 of the sequence are arranged in a concave fan: in such an arrangement, the notch 11 ( figure 1 ) which is cut in the rock 10 has a face of size 6 ( figure 4 ) which is concave. With such a configuration, the forces 12 acting on the cutting tools 5 are substantially parallel to the median plane of the chain, so that it is not subjected to lateral forces.
  • the figure 6 shows the cutting tool 5B on its holder tool holder 15B and the figure 7 shows the cutting tool 5C on its tool holder 15C.
  • the two tool holders 15B and 15C are identical and comprise a pair of notches 19 and 19 'arranged symmetrically on either side of the median plane of the chain.
  • the notches 19 and 19 ' are intended to receive a cutting tool 5.
  • This tool holder support 15 has the advantage of being universal in that it is suitable for all the tools of the chain. If necessary, it can be used to support a pair of cutting tools.
  • the sequence comprises eight meshes which each carry a single cutting tool, respectively 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5H ( figure 9 ).
  • the first two cutting tools 5A and 5B of the sequence are arranged so as to form an axial rib 14 of small thickness in the notch formed in the rock ( figure 8 ).
  • This rib 14 is intended to break through fragility as the progress of the shovel, forming large fragments, the evacuation is facilitated.
  • the cutting tools are advantageously mounted on the symmetrical supports 15 and 15 'of the figures 6 and 7 .
  • the cutting tools 5 are arranged such that the profile of the face of size 6 has a central portion concave 17 between two convex marginal portions 18.
  • the total length of the convex portions 18 is less than that of the concave central portion 17.
  • the tool holder 15 carries a pair of cutting tools 5C.
  • a scraper 16 is disposed upstream of the cutting tools 5C the term "upstream" being defined relative to the direction of progression Y of the chain during the operation of the cutter). The scraper 16 serves to prevent an accumulation of rock debris on cutting tools 5C.
  • the figure 12 shows a link 4.
  • the link 4 is interposed between two similar links (not shown) to which it is connected by two joints (only one is represented, designated by the notation 13).
  • the connection of the hinge 13 to the link 4 is ensured by a pin 12.
  • the link 4 carries a tool holder 16. This is symmetrical and comprises two perpendicular plates 18 and 21.
  • the plate 21 is placed and fixed on the link 4, against a shoulder 14, by means of a bolt 15.
  • Two longitudinal tabs 17 ensure the centering of the tool holder 16 on the link 4.
  • the plate 18 is perpendicular to the plate 21 and the link 4. It has a plane of symmetry which is coincident with the median plane of the link 4.
  • the plate 18 further has a withdrawal in its central zone 19 and two symmetrical withdrawals 20 where it is connected to the plate 21.
  • the figure 13 shows eleven identical 16 tool holders.
  • the eleven tool holders of the figure 13 are mounted on eleven successive active links 4 of the chain 1.
  • the eleven tool holders 16 each carry a cutting tool 22.
  • the cutting tools 22 are cylindrical plates engaged in cavities which have been previously drilled in the plate 18 of the tool holders.
  • Inactive links 4 (not carrying cutting tools) can optionally alternate with the active links carrying the eleven tool holders 16 of the figure 13 .
  • the inactive links can advantageously carry a tool holder similar to that of the figure 12 , but without cutting tool 22.
  • the cutting tools 22 project beyond the periphery of the plate 18 to cut the rock.
  • the gap between the flange of the plate 18 and the end of the cutting tool 22 is substantially between 0.3 and 2.5 mm.
  • the position of the cutting tools 22 on their respective tool holders is arranged so that the notch in the rock has a profile that substantially matches that of the plate 18 of the tool holders, as has been explained above.
  • the plate 18 of the tool holders thus performs a scraping function, to retain and evacuate the rock debris accumulating in front of it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The chain has a series of chain links carrying cutting tools (5A-5K). The cutting tools are arranged in a manner to generate a cutting face (6) in a rock, where a portion of the cutting face is concave. Length of the concave portion of the cutting face is higher than 25 percent of total length of the cutting face. The cutting tools are mounted on a tool holder whose profile matches with a profile of the cutting face. The cutting tools are located outside of axial plane of the chain.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte aux haveuses pour la découpe de roches, spécialement pour l'extraction de roches en carrière.The invention relates to cutters for cutting rocks, especially for quarry quarrying.

L'invention concerne plus spécialement une chaîne pour une haveuse à roche.The invention more specifically relates to a chain for a rock cutter.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Les chaînes de haveuse sont habituellement formées d'une succession de maillons articulés, dont certains au moins portent des outils coupants. Les outils coupants peuvent être fixés directement aux maillons. Plus généralement, ils sont fixés à des supports porte-outils qui sont eux-mêmes fixés aux maillons. La fixation des outils sur leurs supports respectifs est avantageusement amovible. De manière similaire, la fixation des supports porte-outils aux maillons est de préférence amovible.Shear chains are usually formed by a succession of articulated links, at least some of which carry cutting tools. Cutting tools can be attached directly to the links. More generally, they are attached to tool holders which are themselves attached to the links. Fixing the tools on their respective supports is advantageously removable. Similarly, the attachment of the tool holders to the links is preferably removable.

Une chaîne de ce type se trouve décrite dans le document FR 2 521 061 . Dans cette chaîne connue, les maillons sont répartis en séquences ou séries de six maillons, qui se répètent sur toute la longueur de la chaîne. Les deux premiers maillons de la chaîne portent chacun un seul outil coupant, qui est décalé latéralement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne. Les quatre maillons suivants de la séquence portent chacun deux outils coupants, qui sont disposés symétriquement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne. Les outils coupants de chaque séquence sont en outre disposés en éventail, de manière à générer dans la roche un front de taille convexe.A chain of this type is described in the document FR 2 521 061 . In this known chain, the links are divided into sequences or series of six links, which are repeated over the entire length of the chain. The first two links of the chain each carry a single cutting tool, which is laterally offset from the median plane of the chain. The next four links of the sequence each carry two cutting tools, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain. The cutting tools of each sequence are further arranged in a fan, so as to generate in the rock a front of convex size.

Pendant son utilisation, cette chaîne de haveuse connue subit des efforts latéraux importants, principalement à proximité des deux premiers maillons de chaque séquence, qui sont situés à proximité immédiate du plan médian de la chaîne. Il s'ensuit le désavantage que la chaîne est fortement sollicitée, accélérant son usure et augmentant le risque d'un bris en cours d'utilisation.During its use, this known shear chain undergoes significant lateral forces, mainly near the first two links of each sequence, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the median plane of the chain. It follows the disadvantage that the chain is highly stressed, accelerating its wear and increasing the risk of breakage during use.

Un autre désavantage de cette chaîne de haveuse connue réside dans la difficulté d'évacuer les débris de roches qui s'accumulent sur les outils coupants. Ces débris de roche nuisent à l'efficacité de l'opération de havage, au rendement de la haveuse et à la tenue des outils coupants.Another disadvantage of this known shear chain is the difficulty of removing rock debris that accumulates on the cutting tools. This rock debris affects the efficiency of the cutting operation, the performance of the shearing machine and the holding of the cutting tools.

Dans le document GB 426 711 , on montre un front de taille comprenant deux zones convexes qui se recoupent au centre du front de taille. Les chaînes de haveuses réalisant ce profil de front de taille présentent les désavantages énoncés plus haut en référence au document FR 2 521 061 .In the document GB 426,711 , we show a face of size comprising two convex zones which intersect at the center of the face of size. The chains of shearers making this profile of face of size have the disadvantages stated above with reference to the document FR 2 521 061 .

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention vise à remédier aux désavantages précités des chaînes de haveuse connues.The invention aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages of known chains of shearers.

L'invention vise plus particulièrement à fournir une chaîne de haveuse, conçue pour réduire les efforts latéraux auxquels elle est normalement soumise pendant une utilisation normale.The invention is more particularly intended to provide a shear chain, designed to reduce the lateral forces to which it is normally subjected during normal use.

L'invention vise tout spécialement à fournir une chaîne de haveuse dans laquelle les efforts latéraux subis par les outils coupants situés à proximité immédiate du plan médian de la chaîne sont considérablement réduits.The invention is especially intended to provide a shear chain in which the lateral forces experienced by the cutting tools in the immediate vicinity of the median plane of the chain are considerably reduced.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est de fournir une chaîne de haveuse dans laquelle l'évacuation des débris de roche est facilitée.Another object of the invention is to provide a shear chain in which the evacuation of rock debris is facilitated.

Un objectif supplémentaire de l'invention est de fournir une chaîne de haveuse dont l'efficacité et le rendement sont améliorés par rapport aux chaînes connues.A further object of the invention is to provide a shearer chain whose efficiency and performance are improved over known chains.

En conséquence, l'invention concerne une chaîne de haveuse à roche, comprenant une succession de maillons répartis en séquences de maillons portant des outils coupants, la chaîne se caractérisant en ce que, dans chaque séquence, les outils coupants sont disposés en éventail de manière à générer dans la roche un front de taille dont une partie au moins, supérieure à 25 % de la longueur dudit front de taille, est concave.Accordingly, the invention relates to a rock drill chain, comprising a succession of links distributed in sequences of links carrying cutting tools, the chain being characterized in that, in each sequence, the cutting tools are arranged in a fan-shaped manner. generating in the rock a cutting edge of which at least a portion, greater than 25% of the length of said face, is concave.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

De manière connue en soi, la chaîne selon l'invention comprend une boucle de maillons entre deux pignons, qui sont reliés entre eux au moyen d'articulations et qui portent des outils coupants.In a manner known per se, the chain according to the invention comprises a loop of links between two gears, which are interconnected by means of articulations and which carry cutting tools.

Dans une forme de réalisation, chaque maillon porte au moins un outil coupant. En variante un ou plusieurs maillons de la chaîne peuvent être sans outils coupant. Dans la suite, l'expression « maillon actif » désignera tout maillon de la chaîne portant au moins un outil coupant. L'expression « maillon inactif » désignera tout maillon sans outil coupant.In one embodiment, each link carries at least one cutting tool. Alternatively one or more links of the chain can be without cutting tools. In the following, the expression "active link" will denote any link in the chain carrying at least one cutting tool. The term "inactive link" refers to any link without cutting tools.

Les maillons actifs peuvent porter un seul outil coupant ou plus d'un outil, par exemple deux outils ou davantage. On préfère, selon l'invention, que chaque maillon actif porte un seul outil coupant.Active links may carry a single cutting tool or more than one tool, for example two or more tools. According to the invention, it is preferred that each active link carries a single cutting tool.

Les outils coupants ne sont pas critiques pour la définition de l'invention. Ils comprennent généralement des plaquettes en une matière résistant à l'abrasion. Le choix de la matière active des outils coupants va dépendre de divers paramètres, notamment de la nature de la roche et de la puissance de la haveuse. Selon que la roche est tendre ou dure, on peut par exemple utiliser un carbure métallique (par exemple du carbure de tungstène) ou du diamant polycristallin.Cutting tools are not critical for the definition of the invention. They generally include pads made of an abrasion resistant material. The choice of active ingredient cutting tools will depend on various parameters, including the nature of the rock and the power of the shearer. Depending on whether the rock is soft or hard, it is possible for example to use a metal carbide (for example tungsten carbide) or polycrystalline diamond.

Les plaquettes peuvent être des plaquettes cylindriques à base circulaire, ovale ou polygonale ou des plaquettes ovoïdes. Les plaquettes cylindriques à base circulaire, carrée ou rectangulaire sont préférées.The platelets may be circular, oval or polygonal circular platelets or ovoid platelets. Cylindrical platelets with a circular, square or rectangular base are preferred.

Les maillons de la chaîne sont répartis en séquences ou séries successives de plusieurs maillons, les séquences étant sensiblement identiques et comprenant un même nombre de maillons actifs. Chaque séquence comprend plusieurs maillons actifs successifs (par exemple six maillons). Dans chaque séquence, les outils coupants sont décalés par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne (le plan médian étant, par définition, un plan recouvrant sensiblement l'ensemble des maillons et des pignons de la chaîne). Le nombre des outils coupants dans chaque séquence et leur position sur leur maillon sont habituellement (mais pas obligatoirement) différents d'un maillon à l'autre. Le nombre d'outils coupants d'une séquence et leurs dispositions respectives dans celle-ci se répètent dans les autres séquences. Dans le cas d'une chaîne comprenant des maillons inactifs, ceux-ci peuvent être répartis de manière identique dans chacune des séquences successives de la chaîne. On préfère toutefois, les répartir distinctement dans les séquences, pour que, pendant une utilisation normale de la chaîne sur une haveuse, les séquences présentent des fréquences de vibration distinctes les unes des autres.The links of the chain are divided into successive sequences or series of several links, the sequences being substantially identical and comprising the same number of active links. Each sequence comprises several successive active links (for example six links). In each sequence, the cutting tools are offset with respect to the median plane of the chain (the median plane being, by definition, a plane substantially covering all the links and sprockets of the chain). The number of cutting tools in each sequence and their position on their link are usually (but not necessarily) different from one link to another. The number of cutting tools of a sequence and their respective dispositions in it are repeated in the other sequences. In the case of a chain comprising inactive links, these can be distributed identically in each of the successive sequences of the chain. However, it is preferred to divide them distinctly in the sequences so that, during normal use of the chain on a shearer, the sequences have vibration frequencies distinct from each other.

Pendant le fonctionnement de la chaîne sur une haveuse en cours d'utilisation, les éléments coupants entaillent la roche. L'épaisseur de l'entaille ainsi formée est égale au plus grand écartement entre les éléments coupants situés de part et d'autre du plan médian de la chaîne. Cette entaille présente un front de taille en face des outils coupants, dont le profil est déterminé par la disposition des éléments coupants dans les séquences.During the operation of the chain on a shearer in use, the cutting elements notch the rock. The thickness of the notch thus formed is equal to the largest spacing between the cutting elements located on either side of the median plane of the chain. This notch has a face in front of the cutting tools, whose profile is determined by the arrangement of the cutting elements in the sequences.

Selon l'invention, dans un plan transversal à l'axe longitudinal de la chaîne, l'ensemble des outils coupants de chaque séquence forment un éventail et cet éventail est agencé de telle sorte que, pendant le fonctionnement normal de la chaîne, une partie au moins du front de taille découpé dans la roche ait un profil concave. La longueur de ladite partie concave du front de taille est supérieure à 25 % de la longueur totale du front de taille. Elle est avantageusement au moins égale à 40 % (de préférence à 50 %) de cette longueur totale, les valeurs de 75 à 80 % convenant généralement bien.According to the invention, in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the chain, the set of cutting tools of each sequence form a fan and this fan is arranged so that, during the normal operation of the chain, a part at least the cutting face cut in the rock has a concave profile. The length of said concave portion of the face is greater than 25% of the total length of the face. It is advantageously at least 40% (preferably 50%) of this total length, the values of 75 to 80% generally being well.

Par définition, l'axe longitudinal de la chaîne est un axe qui joint les centres des deux pignons précités.By definition, the longitudinal axis of the chain is an axis that joins the centers of the two aforementioned gables.

Toutes autres choses étant égales par ailleurs, on a trouvé qu'en conférant un profil concave au front de taille, on pouvait réduire considérablement les efforts latéraux sur la chaîne, principalement pour les outils coupants qui sont situés à proximité immédiate du plan médian de la chaîne.All other things being equal, it has been found that by imparting a concave profile to the face of the face, the lateral forces on the warp could be considerably reduced, mainly for cutting tools which are situated in the immediate vicinity of the median plane of the chain.

Dans la chaîne selon l'invention, la forme de l'éventail précité va conditionner les paramètres géométriques du profil concave du front de taille. En règle générale, on règle ces paramètres pour que la composante latérale des efforts subis par les outils coupants au contact de la roche soit minime par rapport à leur composante, parallèle au plan médian de la chaîne. Les paramètres optimum vont dépendre de divers paramètres, notamment de la forme des outils coupants, ainsi que de leur position et de leur orientation sur les maillons ; ils doivent être déterminés dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier.In the chain according to the invention, the shape of the aforementioned fan will condition the geometric parameters of the concave profile of the face. In general, these parameters are adjusted so that the lateral component of the forces experienced by the cutting tools in contact with the rock is minimal compared to their component, parallel to the median plane of the chain. The optimum parameters will depend on various parameters, including the shape of the cutting tools, as well as their position and orientation on the links; they must be determined in each particular case by the person skilled in the art.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, la totalité du front de taille a un profil concave.In a particular embodiment of the invention, the entire face of the face has a concave profile.

Dans une seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, seule une partie du front de taille a un profil concave.In a second embodiment of the invention, only a portion of the face-face has a concave profile.

Dans une variante de cette seconde forme de réalisation de l'invention, la partie concave du front de taille se situe sensiblement au centre du front de taille.In a variant of this second embodiment of the invention, the concave portion of the face is substantially in the center of the face.

Dans une autre variante de la seconde forme de réalisation susdite, le front de taille présente une partie centrale concave, entre deux parties marginales qui sont convexes. Dans cette forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, la longueur totale des deux parties marginales convexes est inférieure à la longueur de la partie centrale concave du front de taille. La longueur totale des deux parties marginales convexes est de préférence inférieure à 75 % (de préférence à 60 %) de la longueur de la partie centrale concave du front de taille. On recommande qu'elle n'excède pas 50 % (avantageusement 25 %) de la longueur de la partie centrale concave du front de taille.In another variant of the aforesaid second embodiment, the face of size has a concave central portion, between two marginal portions which are convex. In this particular embodiment of the invention, the total length of the two convex marginal portions is less than the length of the concave central portion of the face. The total length of the two convex marginal portions is preferably less than 75% (preferably 60%) of the length of the concave central portion of the cut. It is recommended that it does not exceed 50% (advantageously 25%) of the length of the concave central portion of the face.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de la chaîne selon l'invention, chaque maillon actif ne porte qu'un seul outil coupant. Dans une variante particulière de cette forme de réalisation, le nombre de maillons actifs (et, par voie de conséquence, le nombre d'outils coupant) par séquence est supérieur à 10 (de préférence au moins égal à 12).In a preferred embodiment of the chain according to the invention, each active link carries only one cutting tool. In a particular variant of this embodiment, the number of active links (and, consequently, the number of cutting tools) per sequence is greater than 10 (preferably at least 12).

Dans une forme de réalisation spécialement avantageuse de l'invention, les outils coupants sont disposés et orientés sur les maillons actifs de manière à laisser une nervure axiale de faible épaisseur dans l'entaille formée dans la roche. Cette nervure est destinée à se briser par fragilité au fur et à mesure de la progression de la haveuse.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cutting tools are arranged and oriented on the active links so as to leave a thin axial rib in the notch formed in the rock. This rib is intended to break through fragility as the progress of the shearer.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation avantageuse, chaque séquence de la chaîne selon l'invention comprend au moins un maillon inactif, entre deux maillons actifs. Toutes autres choses étant égales par ailleurs (notamment pour une même longueur de chaîne et un même nombre total de maillons), une chaîne conforme à cette forme de réalisation présente un rendement de coupe supérieur, moyennant toutefois une sollicitation plus importante des outils coupants.In another advantageous embodiment, each sequence of the chain according to the invention comprises at least one inactive link between two active links. All other things being equal (especially for the same chain length and the same total number of links), a chain according to this embodiment has a higher cutting efficiency, but with greater stress on the cutting tools.

Dans une forme de réalisation supplémentaire, la chaîne selon l'invention comprend des éléments racleurs. Ces éléments racleurs sont disposés sur les maillons de manière à défiler à proximité immédiate de la roche en amont ou en aval des éléments coupants. Ils ont pour fonction de recueillir les débris rocheux et de les remonter hors de l'entaille réalisée dans la roche. En corollaire, ils réalisent la fonction supplémentaire de réduire l'accumulation de débris rocheux sur les outils coupants. Les éléments racleurs peuvent être disposés sur les maillons actifs, en amont ou en aval du ou des outils coupants portés par ce maillon (les vocables « amont » et « aval » étant définis par rapport au sens de progression de la chaîne en regard de la roche). En variante, les éléments racleurs peuvent être disposés sur des maillons inactifs alternant avec les maillons actifs.
Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, les éléments racleurs peuvent être des plaques métalliques rigides. En variante, on préfère les réaliser en une matière souple, par exemple des brosses.In a further embodiment, the chain according to the invention comprises scraper elements. These scraper elements are arranged on the links so as to run in the immediate vicinity of the rock upstream or downstream of the cutting elements. Their function is to collect rock debris and climb out of the cut made in the rock. As a corollary, they perform the additional function of reducing the accumulation of rock debris on cutting tools. The scraper elements may be arranged on the active links, upstream or downstream of the cutting tool or tools carried by this link (the terms "upstream" and "downstream" being defined with respect to the direction of progression of the chain with respect to the rock). Alternatively, the scraper elements may be arranged on inactive links alternating with the active links.
In this embodiment of the invention, the scraper elements may be rigid metal plates. Alternatively, it is preferred to make them into a flexible material, for example brushes.

Dans une forme de réalisation additionnelle de la chaîne selon l'invention, des maillons de la chaîne portent au moins un patin de retenue. Le patin de retenue est en retrait par rapport aux éléments coupants et il a pour fonction de se substituer à un outil coupant qui viendrait à se briser accidentellement, en prenant alors appui sur la paroi de la roche. Le patin de retenue évite que la chaîne subisse brutalement une déformation latérale sous l'effet des efforts latéraux générés par les autres outils coupants. Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, le patin de retenue peut être situé sur un maillon actif, directement en amont ou en aval de l'outil coupant de ce maillon. En variante, le patin de retenue est disposé sur un maillon inactif qui précède ou suit immédiatement un maillon actif.
Le patin de retenue est en une matière résistant à l'abrasion, par exemple un carbure métallique (le carbure de tungstène étant spécialement recommandé).In an additional embodiment of the chain according to the invention, links of the chain carry at least one retaining pad. The retaining pad is set back from the cutting elements and its function is to substitute for a cutting tool that would accidentally break, then bearing on the wall of the rock. The retaining pad prevents the chain abruptly undergoes lateral deformation under the effect of lateral forces generated by the other cutting tools. In this embodiment of the invention, the retaining pad may be located on an active link, directly upstream or downstream of the cutting tool of this link. Alternatively, the retaining pad is disposed on an inactive link immediately preceding or following an active link.
The retaining pad is made of an abrasion-resistant material, for example a metal carbide (tungsten carbide being especially recommended).

Comparée aux chaînes des haveuses antérieures à l'invention, la chaîne selon l'invention est moins sollicitée mécaniquement et elle permet dès lors l'utilisation de haveuses de plus grande puissance et des productivités plus importantes.Compared to chains of shearers prior to the invention, the chain according to the invention is less mechanically stressed and it therefore allows the use of shearers of greater power and higher productivities.

Dans la chaîne de haveuse selon l'invention, les plaquettes peuvent être fixées directement aux maillons actifs.In the shearer chain according to the invention, the wafers can be attached directly to the active links.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les outils coupants sont fixés sur des supports porte-outils, lesdits porte-outils étant ensuite fixés aux maillons. Les outils coupants peuvent être soudés ou brasés à leur porte-outil ; on préfère néanmoins une fixation amovible. Les porte-outils peuvent être partie intégrante des maillons qui les portent. On préfère toutefois qu'ils soient fixés de manière amovible sur des maillons de la chaîne. Dans le document FR 2 521 061 et le document EP 0 028 418 , on trouve des informations complémentaires sur les outils coupants, leur fixation sur leurs porte-outils respectifs et la fixation de ceux-ci aux maillons actifs de la chaîne.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cutting tools are fixed on tool holders, said tool holders then being attached to the links. Cutting tools can be welded or brazed to their tool holders; however, a removable attachment is preferred. Tool holders can be an integral part of the links that carry them. However, it is preferred that they be removably attached to links in the chain. In the document FR 2 521 061 and the document EP 0 028 418 Additional information is available on cutting tools, their attachment to their respective tool holders and the attachment of these to the active links of the chain.

Dans une forme spécialement avantageuse de l'invention, les porte-outils ont un profil qui épouse sensiblement le profil du front de taille. On entend par cette expression que, en tout point de la surface du porte-outil, qui se situe en regard de la paroi de l'entaille pratiquée par les outils coupants dans la roche, l'écartement entre ce point et cette paroi est minime. En d'autres termes, pendant que la chaîne entaille la roche, le porte-outil présente une face frontale en regard du front de taille de l'entaille et deux faces latérales en regard des parois latérales de l'entaille et l'écart entre ces faces frontale et latérales, d'une part, et les parois de l'entaille, d'autre part, est minime. Ce profil particulier des porte-outils a pour effet avantageux de guider les porte-outils et la chaîne dans l'entaille au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'entaille de la roche. On réduit de la sorte les sollicitations sur les maillons de la chaîne et on réduit en outre le volume des débris de roche qui s'accumulent en amont des outils coupants. Dans la suite du présent mémoire, les vocables « amont » et « aval » sont définis par rapport au sens de progression de la chaîne en regard du front de taille.In a particularly advantageous form of the invention, the tool holders have a profile which substantially matches the profile of the face of size. This expression means that, at any point on the surface of the tool holder, which is opposite the wall of the cut made by the cutting tools in the rock, the spacing between this point and this wall is minimal. . In other words, while the chain cuts the rock, the toolholder has a front face facing the cutting face of the notch and two lateral faces facing the side walls of the slot. the notch and the gap between these front and side faces, on the one hand, and the walls of the notch, on the other hand, is minimal. This particular profile of the tool holders has the advantageous effect of guiding the tool holders and the chain in the cut as the progress of the cut of the rock. This reduces the stresses on the links of the chain and further reduces the volume of rock debris accumulating upstream of the cutting tools. In the remainder of this memo, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined with respect to the direction of progression of the chain opposite the face of size.

L'écartement minime précité entre le porte-outil et les parois de l'entaille est réalisé par la disposition en saillie du ou de chaque outil coupant sur son porte-outil. Un très petit écartement est spécialement favorable au but poursuivi par l'invention, consistant à réduire l'accumulation de débris de roche en amont des outils coupants. En pratique, on obtient ce résultat avec un écartement inférieur à 5 mm.The aforementioned minimum spacing between the tool holder and the walls of the notch is achieved by the protruding arrangement of the or each cutting tool on its tool holder. A very small gap is especially favorable to the purpose of the invention, to reduce the accumulation of rock debris upstream of the cutting tools. In practice, this result is obtained with a spacing of less than 5 mm.

Il est toutefois nécessaire de maintenir un écartement suffisant pour garantir un bon rendement de havage. En pratique, on recommande dès lors que l'écartement soit supérieur à 0,1 mm.However, it is necessary to maintain a spacing sufficient to ensure good hacage performance. In practice, it is therefore recommended that the spacing be greater than 0.1 mm.

Un compromis optimum entre les deux impératifs mentionnés plus haut (faible accumulation de déchets rocheux et bon rendement de havage) va dépendre de divers paramètres, parmi lesquels figurent notamment la forme, les dimensions et la constitution des outils coupants, la dureté de la roche à traiter et l'épaisseur de l'entaille à réaliser. Il doit être déterminé dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier. En pratique, on obtient de bons résultats dans la majorité des cas avec un écartement de 0,20 à 5,0 mm, par exemple de 0,30 à 2,5 mm, les valeurs de 0,50 à 1,5 mm étant spécialement avantageuses.An optimum compromise between the two imperatives mentioned above (low accumulation of waste rock and good harvesting efficiency) will depend on various parameters, among which include the shape, the dimensions and the constitution of the cutting tools, the hardness of the rock. treat and the thickness of the notch to achieve. It must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art. In practice, we obtain good results in the majority of cases with a gap of from 0.20 to 5.0 mm, for example from 0.30 to 2.5 mm, the values of 0.50 to 1.5 mm being especially advantageous.

La forme de réalisation avantageuse qui vient d'être décrite présente l'avantage de réduire les sollicitations mécaniques agissant sur les chaînes de havage et leurs outils coupants, d'augmenter la durée de vie des chaînes et des outils coupants et d'améliorer la précision, l'efficacité et le rendement des opérations de havage.The advantageous embodiment which has just been described has the advantage of reducing the mechanical stresses acting on the cutting chains and their cutting tools, of increasing the service life of chains and cutting tools and of improving the accuracy , efficiency and performance of hacking operations.

L'invention concerne dès lors également des haveuses qui se caractérisent par une chaîne conforme à l'invention.The invention therefore also relates to shearers which are characterized by a chain according to the invention.

Les haveuses selon l'invention conviennent pour l'extraction de tous types de pierre en carrière. Elles trouvent de nombreuses applications, notamment pour l'extraction de pierres calcaires telles que le marbre et le travertin par exemple.The shears according to the invention are suitable for the extraction of all types of quarry stone. They find many applications, especially for the extraction of limestone such as marble and travertine, for example.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Des particularités et détails de l'invention vont apparaître au cours de la description suivante des figures annexées, qui représentent quelques formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique latérale d'une haveuse conforme à l'invention, en cours d'utilisation sur un banc de roche ;
  • La figure 2 montre une séquence de maillons et d'outils coupants d'une chaîne antérieure à l'invention, dans un plan transversal à l'axe longitudinal de la chaîne ;
  • La figure 3 montre en perspective, un détail de la chaîne de la figure 2 ;
  • La figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 2, d'une forme de réalisation de la chaîne selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 5 montre la disposition des outils coupants sur les maillons successifs d'une séquence de la chaîne de la figure 4 ;
  • La figure 6 montre en perspective, un détail de la chaîne des figures 4 et 5 ;
  • La figure 7 montre en perspective, un autre détail de la chaîne des figures 4 et 5 ;
  • La figure 8 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4, d'une autre forme de réalisation de la chaîne selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 9 est une vue analogue à la figure 5, de la chaîne de la figure 8 ;
  • La figure 10 est une vue analogue à celle des figures 4 et 8, d'une forme de réalisation supplémentaire de la chaîne selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 11 montre en perspective une forme de réalisation particulière d'un support porte-outil de la chaîne selon l'invention ;
  • La figure 12 est une perspective éclatée à grande échelle, d'un maillon actif d'une chaîne conforme à une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention ; et
  • La figure 13 montre une pluralité de porte-outils conformes à la figure 12, équipés chacun d'un outil coupant.
Features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying figures, which show some particular embodiments of the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a schematic side view of a shearer according to the invention, in use on a rock bench;
  • The figure 2 shows a sequence of links and cutting tools of a chain prior to the invention, in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the chain;
  • The figure 3 watch in perspective, a detail of the chain of the figure 2 ;
  • The figure 4 is a view similar to the figure 2 of an embodiment of the chain according to the invention;
  • The figure 5 shows the arrangement of the cutting tools on the successive links of a sequence of the chain of the figure 4 ;
  • The figure 6 shows in perspective, a detail of the chain of figures 4 and 5 ;
  • The figure 7 shows in perspective, another detail of the chain of figures 4 and 5 ;
  • The figure 8 is a view similar to that of the figure 4 of another embodiment of the chain according to the invention;
  • The figure 9 is a view similar to the figure 5 , from the chain of figure 8 ;
  • The figure 10 is a view similar to that of figures 4 and 8 of an additional embodiment of the chain according to the invention;
  • The figure 11 shows in perspective a particular embodiment of a tool holder of the chain according to the invention;
  • The figure 12 is an exploded perspective on a large scale, of an active link of a chain according to a particular embodiment of the invention; and
  • The figure 13 shows a plurality of tool holders according to the figure 12 , each equipped with a cutting tool.

Les figures ne sont pas dessinées à l'échelle.The figures are not drawn to scale.

Généralement, les mêmes numéros de référence désignent les mêmes outils.Generally, the same reference numbers designate the same tools.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliersDetailed description of particular embodiments

La haveuse représentée à la figure 1 comprend un châssis 7 déplaçable dans le sens de la flèche X sur une paire de rails 9 posé sur un banc de roche 10.The shearer represented at figure 1 comprises a frame 7 movable in the direction of the arrow X on a pair of rails 9 placed on a bed of rock 10.

La haveuse 7 comprend un bras orientable 8 portant une chaîne 1 montée en boucle sur deux pignons 2 et 3. Le pignon 3 est couplé à un moteur, non représenté, pour être entraînée dans le sens de la flèche Y.The shearer 7 comprises a steerable arm 8 carrying a chain 1 mounted in a loop on two pinions 2 and 3. The pinion 3 is coupled to a motor, not shown, to be driven in the direction of the arrow Y.

La chaîne 1 est formée de maillons 4 reliés entre eux par des articulations et portant des outils coupants (non visibles à la figure 1). Pendant le fonctionnement de la haveuse, on déplace le châssis 7 sur les rails 9 dans le sens de la flèche X et la chaîne 1 découpe progressivement une entaille 11 dans le banc de roche 10.The chain 1 is formed of links 4 connected to each other by articulations and carrying cutting tools (not visible to the figure 1 ). During the operation of the shearer, the frame 7 is moved on the rails 9 in the direction of the arrow X and the chain 1 progressively cuts a notch 11 in the rock bench 10.

A la figure 2, on a représenté une séquence de maillons d'une chaîne antérieure à l'invention. Dans celle-ci, les outils coupant 5 sont des plaquettes de section transversale circulaire. La séquence comprend six maillons. En considérant le sens de progression Y de la chaîne, les deux premiers maillons portent chacun un seul outil coupant (respectivement l'outil coupant 5A sur le premier maillon et l'outil coupant 5B sur le deuxième maillon). Les quatre maillons suivants portent chacun une paire d'outils coupants (respectivement les paires d'outils 5C, 5D, 5E et 5F). Les deux outils 5A et 5B sont décalés par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne, respectivement à gauche et à droite de celui-ci. Dans chacune des paires d'outils 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E et 5F, les deux outils de la paire sont disposés symétriquement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne. L'écartement entre les deux outils coupants d'une paire va en croissant depuis la paire 5A jusqu'à la paire 5F.To the figure 2 a sequence of links of a chain prior to the invention is shown. In this, the cutting tools 5 are platelets of circular cross section. The sequence consists of six links. By considering the direction of progression Y of the chain, the first two links each carry a single cutting tool (respectively the cutting tool 5A on the first link and the cutting tool 5B on the second link). The next four links each carry a pair of cutting tools (respectively tool pairs 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F). The two tools 5A and 5B are offset with respect to the median plane of the chain, respectively to the left and to the right thereof. In each of the pairs of tools 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F, the two tools of the pair are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain. The spacing between the two cutting tools of a pair is increasing from the pair 5A to the pair 5F.

La figure 3 montre les deux outils coupants 5C de la séquence. Ceux-ci sont montés sur un support 15 destiné à être fixé sur le troisième maillon de la séquence. On peut se reporter au document FR 2 521 061 pour obtenir des informations quant au support 15, à sa fixation sur le maillon et à la fixation des outils coupants 5C sur celui-ci.The figure 3 shows the two cutting tools 5C of the sequence. These are mounted on a support 15 intended to be fixed on the third link of the sequence. We can refer to the document FR 2 521 061 to obtain information about the support 15, its attachment to the link and the attachment of cutting tools 5C thereon.

Dans la chaîne des figures 2 et 3, les outils coupants 5 de la séquence sont disposés en éventail convexe, comme schématisée à la figure 11 du document FR 2 521 061 : dans une telle disposition, l'entaille 11 (figure 1) qui est découpée dans la roche 10 présente un front de taille 6 (figure 2) qui est convexe. Avec une telle configuration, les efforts 12 agissant sur les outils coupants 5 présentent une composante latérale importante 13 qui se reporte sur les maillons de la chaîne, provoquant une usure accélérée de celle-ci et le risque qu'elle se brise ou se déboîte du pignon 3.In the chain of figures 2 and 3 , the cutting tools 5 of the sequence are arranged in a convex fan, as shown schematically in FIG. figure 11 of the document FR 2 521 061 in such a provision, notch 11 ( figure 1 ) which is cut in the rock 10 has a face of size 6 ( figure 2 ) which is convex. With such a configuration, the forces 12 acting on the cutting tools 5 have a large lateral component 13 which is reflected on the links of the chain, causing accelerated wear thereof and the risk that it breaks or breaks the pinion 3.

La chaîne représentée aux figures 4 à 7 est conforme à l'invention. Chaque séquence comprend (figure 5) onze mailles qui portent chacune un seul outil coupant, respectivement 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5K. Les outils coupants sont décalés latéralement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne, alternativement à gauche et à droite dudit plan médian. Les outils coupants 5 de la séquence sont disposés en éventail concave : dans une telle disposition, l'entaille 11 (figure 1) qui est découpée dans la roche 10 présente un front de taille 6 (figure 4) qui est concave. Avec une telle configuration, les efforts 12 agissant sur les outils coupants 5 sont sensiblement parallèle au plan médian de la chaîne, de sorte que celle-ci n'est pas soumise à des efforts latéraux.The chain represented in Figures 4 to 7 is according to the invention. Each sequence includes ( figure 5 ) eleven meshes each carrying a single cutting tool, respectively 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5K. The cutting tools are offset laterally with respect to the median plane of the chain, alternately left and right of said median plane. The cutting tools 5 of the sequence are arranged in a concave fan: in such an arrangement, the notch 11 ( figure 1 ) which is cut in the rock 10 has a face of size 6 ( figure 4 ) which is concave. With such a configuration, the forces 12 acting on the cutting tools 5 are substantially parallel to the median plane of the chain, so that it is not subjected to lateral forces.

La figure 6 montre l'outil coupant 5B sur son support porte-outil 15B et la figure 7 montre l'outil coupant 5C sur son support porte-outil 15C. Les deux supports porte-outil 15B et 15C sont identiques et comprennent une paire d'encoches 19 et 19' disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre du plan médian de la chaîne. Les encoches 19 et 19' sont destinées à recevoir un outil coupant 5. Dans le support 15B (figure 6), seul l'encoche 19 contient un outil coupant 5B, tandis que dans le support 15C (figure 7), seul l'encoche 19' contient un outil coupant 5C. Ce support porte-outil 15 a l'avantage d'être universel en ce sens qu'il convient pour tous 1es outils de la chaîne. Au besoin, il peut servir de support à une paire d'outils coupants.The figure 6 shows the cutting tool 5B on its holder tool holder 15B and the figure 7 shows the cutting tool 5C on its tool holder 15C. The two tool holders 15B and 15C are identical and comprise a pair of notches 19 and 19 'arranged symmetrically on either side of the median plane of the chain. The notches 19 and 19 'are intended to receive a cutting tool 5. In the support 15B ( figure 6 ), only the notch 19 contains a cutting tool 5B, while in the support 15C ( figure 7 ), only the notch 19 'contains a cutting tool 5C. This tool holder support 15 has the advantage of being universal in that it is suitable for all the tools of the chain. If necessary, it can be used to support a pair of cutting tools.

Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 8 et 9, la séquence comprend huit mailles qui portent chacune un seul outil coupant, respectivement 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5H (figure 9). Les deux premiers outils coupants 5A et 5B de la séquence sont disposés de manière à former une nervure axiale 14 de faible épaisseur dans l'entaille formée dans la roche (figure 8). Cette nervure 14 est destinée à se briser par fragilité au fur et à mesure de la progression de la haveuse, en formant des fragments de grande dimension, dont l'évacuation est facilitée. Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 8 et 9, les outils coupants sont avantageusement montés sur les supports symétriques 15 et 15' des figures 6 et 7.In the embodiment of the figures 8 and 9 , the sequence comprises eight meshes which each carry a single cutting tool, respectively 5A, 5B, 5C, ..., 5H ( figure 9 ). The first two cutting tools 5A and 5B of the sequence are arranged so as to form an axial rib 14 of small thickness in the notch formed in the rock ( figure 8 ). This rib 14 is intended to break through fragility as the progress of the shovel, forming large fragments, the evacuation is facilitated. In the embodiment of the figures 8 and 9 , the cutting tools are advantageously mounted on the symmetrical supports 15 and 15 'of the figures 6 and 7 .

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 10, les outils coupants 5 sont disposés de telle sorte que le profil du front de taille 6 présente une partie centrale concave 17 entre deux parties marginales convexes 18. La longuer totale des parties convexes 18 est inférieure à celle de la partie centrale concave 17.In the embodiment of the figure 10 the cutting tools 5 are arranged such that the profile of the face of size 6 has a central portion concave 17 between two convex marginal portions 18. The total length of the convex portions 18 is less than that of the concave central portion 17.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 11, le support porte-outil 15 porte une paire d'outils coupants 5C. Un racleur 16 est disposé en amont des outils coupants 5C le vocable « amont » étant défini par rapport au sens de progression Y de la chaîne pendant le fonctionnement de la haveuse). Le racleur 16 a pour fonction de faire obstacle à une accumulation de débris rocheux sur les outils coupants 5C.In the embodiment of the figure 11 the tool holder 15 carries a pair of cutting tools 5C. A scraper 16 is disposed upstream of the cutting tools 5C the term "upstream" being defined relative to the direction of progression Y of the chain during the operation of the cutter). The scraper 16 serves to prevent an accumulation of rock debris on cutting tools 5C.

La figure 12 montre un maillon 4. Le maillon 4 est interposé entre deux maillons similaires (non représentés) auxquels il est relié par deux articulations (dont une seule est représentée, désignée par la notation 13). La connexion de l'articulation 13 au maillon 4 est assurée par une goupille 12. Le maillon 4 porte un porte-outil 16. Celui-ci est symétrique et comprend deux plaques perpendiculaires 18 et 21. La plaque 21 est posée et fixée sur le maillon 4, contre un épaulement 14, au moyen d'un boulon 15. Deux pattes longitudinales 17 assurent le centrage du porte-outil 16 sur le maillon 4. La plaque 18 est perpendiculaire à la plaque 21 et au maillon 4. Elle présente un plan de symétrie qui est confondu avec le plan médian du maillon 4. La plaque 18 présente en outre un retrait dans sa zone médiane 19 et deux retraits symétriques 20 où elle se raccorde à la plaque 21.The figure 12 shows a link 4. The link 4 is interposed between two similar links (not shown) to which it is connected by two joints (only one is represented, designated by the notation 13). The connection of the hinge 13 to the link 4 is ensured by a pin 12. The link 4 carries a tool holder 16. This is symmetrical and comprises two perpendicular plates 18 and 21. The plate 21 is placed and fixed on the link 4, against a shoulder 14, by means of a bolt 15. Two longitudinal tabs 17 ensure the centering of the tool holder 16 on the link 4. The plate 18 is perpendicular to the plate 21 and the link 4. It has a plane of symmetry which is coincident with the median plane of the link 4. The plate 18 further has a withdrawal in its central zone 19 and two symmetrical withdrawals 20 where it is connected to the plate 21.

La figure 13 montre onze porte-outils 16 identiques. Les onze porte-outils de la figure 13 sont montés sur onze maillons actifs successifs 4 de la chaîne 1. Les onze porte-outils 16 portent chacun un outil coupant 22. Les outils coupants 22 sont des plaquettes cylindriques engagées dans des cavités qui ont au préalable été forées dans la plaque 18 des porte-outils. Des maillons 4 inactifs (ne portant pas d'outils coupants) peuvent éventuellement alterner avec les maillons actifs portant les onze porte-outils 16 de la figure 13. Bien que ce ne soit pas une obligation dans le cadre de l'invention, les maillons inactifs peuvent avantageusement porter un porte-outil similaire à celui de la figure 12, mais sans outil coupant 22.The figure 13 shows eleven identical 16 tool holders. The eleven tool holders of the figure 13 are mounted on eleven successive active links 4 of the chain 1. The eleven tool holders 16 each carry a cutting tool 22. The cutting tools 22 are cylindrical plates engaged in cavities which have been previously drilled in the plate 18 of the tool holders. Inactive links 4 (not carrying cutting tools) can optionally alternate with the active links carrying the eleven tool holders 16 of the figure 13 . Although it is not an obligation in the context of the invention, the inactive links can advantageously carry a tool holder similar to that of the figure 12 , but without cutting tool 22.

A la figure 13, les outils coupants 22 débordent de la périphérie de la plaque 18 pour réaliser la découpe de la roche. L'écart entre le rebord de la plaque 18 et l'extrémité de l'outil coupant 22 est sensiblement comprise entre 0,3 et 2,5 mm. En outre, la position des outils coupants 22 sur leurs porte-outils respectifs est agencée pour que l'entaille dans la roche ait un profil qui épouse sensiblement celui de la plaque 18 des porte-outils, comme il a été exposé plus haut. La plaque 18 des porte-outils réalise de la sorte une fonction de raclage, pour retenir et évacuer les débris rocheux qui s'accumulent devant elle.To the figure 13 the cutting tools 22 project beyond the periphery of the plate 18 to cut the rock. The gap between the flange of the plate 18 and the end of the cutting tool 22 is substantially between 0.3 and 2.5 mm. In addition, the position of the cutting tools 22 on their respective tool holders is arranged so that the notch in the rock has a profile that substantially matches that of the plate 18 of the tool holders, as has been explained above. The plate 18 of the tool holders thus performs a scraping function, to retain and evacuate the rock debris accumulating in front of it.

Claims (15)

Chaîne de haveuse à roche, comprenant une succession de maillons (4) répartis en séquences de maillons portant des outils coupants, caractérisée en ce que, dans chaque séquence, les outils coupants (5) sont disposés en éventail de manière à générer dans la roche (10) un front de taille (6) dont une partie (17) au moins, supérieure à 25 % de la longueur dudit front de taille, est concave.Chain cutter with rock, comprising a succession of links (4) divided into sequences of links carrying cutting tools, characterized in that , in each sequence, the cutting tools (5) are arranged in a fan so as to generate in the rock (10) a face (6) of which at least a portion (17), greater than 25% of the length of said face, is concave. Chaîne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la longueur de la partie concave (17) du front de taille (6) est de 75 à 80 % de la longueur du front de taille.Chain according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the concave portion (17) of the face (6) is 75 to 80% of the length of the face. Chaîne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la partie concave (17) du front de taille (6) est sensiblement située au centre du front de taille.Chain according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concave portion (17) of the face (6) is substantially located in the center of the face. Chaîne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le front de taille (6) présente une partie centrale concave (17), entre deux parties marginales (18) qui sont convexes.Chain according to claim 3, characterized in that the face (6) has a concave central portion (17) between two marginal portions (18) which are convex. Chaîne selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la longueur totale des deux parties marginales convexes (18) du front de taille (6) est inférieure à 75 % de la longueur de la partie centrale concave (17).Chain according to claim 4, characterized in that the total length of the two convex marginal portions (18) of the face (6) is less than 75% of the length of the concave central portion (17). Chaîne selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la longueur totale des deux parties marginales convexes (18) du front de taille (6) est comprise entre 5 et 20 % de la longueur de la partie centrale concave (17).Chain according to claim 5, characterized in that the total length of the two convex marginal portions (18) of the face (6) is between 5 and 20% of the length of the concave central portion (17). Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que chaque séquence de maillons (4) comprend au moins un maillon qui est démuni d'outil coupant, entre deux maillons portant chacun au moins un outil coupant (5).Chain according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each sequence of links (4) comprises at least one link which has no cutting tool, between two links each carrying at least one cutting tool (5). Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les maillons (4) qui portent les outils coupants (5), portent chacun un seul outil coupant.Chain according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the links (4) carrying the cutting tools (5) each carry a single cutting tool. Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le nombre de mailles (4) par séquence, qui portent au moins un outil coupant est au moins égal à 12.Chain according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the number of meshes (4) per sequence, which carry at least one cutting tool is at least equal to 12. Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que les outils coupants (5, 22) sont montés sur des porte-outils (16) dont le profil épouse sensiblement le profil du front de taille de l'entaille.Chain according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cutting tools (5, 22) are mounted on tool holders (16) whose profile substantially matches the profile of the notch face. Chaîne selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le profil des porte-outils (16) est tel que, pendant le fonctionnement de la chaîne dans l'entaille, une face frontale des porte-outils est en regard du front de taille de l'entaille et deux faces latérales desdits porte-outils sont en regard des parois latérales de l'entaille en ce que l'écart entre les faces latérales des outils coupants et les parois latérales de l'entaille est de 0,5 à 1,5 mm.Chain according to claim 10, characterized in that the profile of the tool holders (16) is such that, during the operation of the chain in the notch, a front face of the tool holders is opposite the face of the face of the notch and two side faces of said tool holders are facing the side walls of the notch in that the distance between the side faces of the cutting tools and the side walls of the notch is 0.5 to 1.5 mm. Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que chaque outil coupants (5) est monté sur un support porte-outil (15, 15B, 15C) comprenant une paire d'encoches (19, 19') qui sont disposées symétriquement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne (1), l'outil coupant (5B, 5C) étant logé dans une desdites encoches (19, 19').Chain according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that each cutting tool (5) is mounted on a tool holder (15, 15B, 15C) comprising a pair of notches (19, 19 ') which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain (1), the cutting tool (5B, 5C) being housed in one of said notches (19, 19 '). Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisée en ce que les outils coupants (5) sont situés en dehors du plan axial de la chaîne.Chain according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the cutting tools (5) are located outside the axial plane of the chain. Chaîne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que les outils coupants (5, 22) sont des plaquettes de section transversale sensiblement circulaire, carrée ou rectangulaire.Chain according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cutting tools (5, 22) are platelets of substantially circular cross-section, square or rectangular. Haveuse pour la découpe de roches, comprenant une chaîne conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14.A rock cutter, comprising a chain according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
EP10014639A 2009-11-19 2010-11-16 Shearer chain and shearer Ceased EP2324976A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2009/0708A BE1019003A3 (en) 2009-11-19 2009-11-19 CHAIN OF HAVEUSE AND HAVEUSE.

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012032009A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-15 P.M.D.S. P. Marchandise Diamant Service Rock cutter chain and rock cutter

Citations (8)

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FR595131A (en) * 1925-03-09 1925-09-26 Chain hacker for blasting refractory clays
GB426711A (en) 1933-09-04 1935-04-04 British Jeffrey Diamond Ltd Improvements in or relating to chains
US2036327A (en) * 1930-05-22 1936-04-07 Jeffrey Mfg Co Mining chain cutting bit
US2137305A (en) * 1935-10-01 1938-11-22 Henry J Perazzoli Grinding equipment
EP0028418A1 (en) 1979-11-05 1981-05-13 ETABLISSEMENTS FERNAND PERRIER & CIE Société anonyme dite Method and apparatus for sawing stones and marble
EP0078041A2 (en) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-04 Maschinenfabrik Korfmann GmbH Cutter chain for a stone cutting machine
FR2521061A1 (en) 1982-02-08 1983-08-12 Fantini Luigi CUTTING CHAIN FOR MACHINE, FOR CUTTING ROCK IN TRAVERTINE OR THE LIKE, WITH REMOVABLE CUTTING TOOLS AND IN SEVERAL WORKING POSITIONS
EP0119632A2 (en) * 1983-03-23 1984-09-26 Gerd Braasch Abrasive belt

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR595131A (en) * 1925-03-09 1925-09-26 Chain hacker for blasting refractory clays
US2036327A (en) * 1930-05-22 1936-04-07 Jeffrey Mfg Co Mining chain cutting bit
GB426711A (en) 1933-09-04 1935-04-04 British Jeffrey Diamond Ltd Improvements in or relating to chains
US2137305A (en) * 1935-10-01 1938-11-22 Henry J Perazzoli Grinding equipment
EP0028418A1 (en) 1979-11-05 1981-05-13 ETABLISSEMENTS FERNAND PERRIER & CIE Société anonyme dite Method and apparatus for sawing stones and marble
EP0078041A2 (en) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-04 Maschinenfabrik Korfmann GmbH Cutter chain for a stone cutting machine
FR2521061A1 (en) 1982-02-08 1983-08-12 Fantini Luigi CUTTING CHAIN FOR MACHINE, FOR CUTTING ROCK IN TRAVERTINE OR THE LIKE, WITH REMOVABLE CUTTING TOOLS AND IN SEVERAL WORKING POSITIONS
EP0119632A2 (en) * 1983-03-23 1984-09-26 Gerd Braasch Abrasive belt

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012032009A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-15 P.M.D.S. P. Marchandise Diamant Service Rock cutter chain and rock cutter

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