EP2613918B1 - Shearer chain and shearer - Google Patents

Shearer chain and shearer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2613918B1
EP2613918B1 EP11760735.8A EP11760735A EP2613918B1 EP 2613918 B1 EP2613918 B1 EP 2613918B1 EP 11760735 A EP11760735 A EP 11760735A EP 2613918 B1 EP2613918 B1 EP 2613918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
chain
tool
notch
links
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Not-in-force
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EP11760735.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2613918A1 (en
Inventor
Sebastian Desmette
Robert Delwiche
Patrick Marchandise
Dominique Goudelouf
Fabrice Dagrain
Philippe Brux
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PMDS
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PMDS
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/08—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with saw-blades of endless cutter-type, e.g. chain saws, i.e. saw chains, strap saws
    • B28D1/082—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with saw-blades of endless cutter-type, e.g. chain saws, i.e. saw chains, strap saws consisting of chain saws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00—Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/14—Saw chains
    • B27B33/142—Cutter elements
    • B27B33/144—Cutter elements having cutting inserts or exchangeable cutting teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/12—Saw-blades or saw-discs specially adapted for working stone
    • B28D1/124—Saw chains; rod-like saw blades; saw cables
    • B28D1/125—Saw chains; rod-like saw blades; saw cables with exchangeable cutter bits or cutter segments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cutters for cutting rocks, especially for quarry quarrying.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a chain for a rock shearing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Rock cutters are well known for the felling of rock masses in quarries. They usually comprise a frame movable on a rock bench, this frame being equipped with an arm carrying a cutting chain mounted in a loop on two gears.
  • the chains of cut are usually formed of a succession of articulated links, at least some of which carry cutting tools.
  • the links are divided into sequences or series of six links, which are repeated over the entire length of the chain.
  • the first two links of the chain each carry a single cutting tool, which is laterally offset from the median plane of the chain.
  • the next four links in the sequence each carry two cutting tools, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain.
  • the document EP 0 028 418 discloses a shear chain according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the cutting tools are inserted into cylindrical countersinks machined at the periphery of the tool holder.
  • the document EP-A-0028418 discloses a method and a device for sawing stones and marbles.
  • the saw chain comprises successive sequences of progressively shaped links in which cutting heads of various shapes support cutting inserts.
  • a disadvantage of these known chains is the difficulty of removing rock debris that accumulates on the cutting tools as the progress of the shearer on a rock bench.
  • rock debris falls into the bottom of the cut where they accumulate.
  • This rock debris affects the efficiency of the cutting operation, the performance of the shearing machine and the holding of the cutting tools.
  • Tool holders and chain links are gradually damaged by abrasion.
  • the accumulation of rock debris in front of and around the cutting tools as well as in the bottom of the notch has the detrimental result, on the one hand, of filling the teeth of the drive pinion of the chain, located in end of the arm and, secondly, to deflect the chain laterally.
  • the accumulation of debris in the pinion has the effect of lengthening the chain. This causes an increase in the tension in the chain and can induce premature breakage of the chain. The deflection of the chain causes premature wear of the tool holders and also an imprecise hacking.
  • the invention aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages of known chains of shearers.
  • the invention more particularly aims to provide a shear chain, in which the evacuation of rock debris is facilitated, so that the volume of rock debris accumulating in front of the cutting tools and in the bottom of the notch is greatly reduced and well controlled.
  • the invention aims to reduce the mechanical stresses acting on the cutting chains and their cutting tools, to increase the service life of the chains and cutting tools, to improve the accuracy, efficiency and performance of the cutting operations. havage.
  • the invention provides a chain for rock cutter, comprising at least one sequence of at least two active links each carrying at least one cutting tool on a tool holder, to practice a cut in the rock which has a front of size and sidewalls, the cutting tools having a disposition on said links which determines a face-of-height profile, said chain being characterized in that the tool holders of the active links have substantially identical profiles, which have a front face opposite the cutting face of the notch and two lateral faces facing the side walls of the notch and substantially match the profile of the cut face of the front by having a gap between said front and side faces of the tool holders and the walls of the notch less than 5 mm and greater than 0.1 mm and in that the position of one of the cutting tools on its active link is different from the position of the other cutting tool on its link, and in that, in the case where the chain comprises several active link sequences, said sequences are identical, comprising the same number of active links and the same number of tool holders identical.
  • the chain according to the invention comprises a loop of links between two gears, which are interconnected by means of articulations and which carry cutting tools.
  • each link carries at least one cutting tool.
  • one or more links of the chain can be without cutting tool.
  • active link refers to any link in the chain bearing at least one cutting tool. Subsequently, the term “inactive link” shall mean, where appropriate, any link without cutting tools.
  • active link sequence refers to a succession of active links in the chain.
  • the chain can comprise a single sequence or several successive and identical sequences, as is usually the case for known cleavage chains.
  • the or each active link sequence comprises at least two active links. It may comprise a greater number of active links, for example at least six active links.
  • the number of active links of the or each sequence is not critical for the definition of the invention, but must, according to the invention, be at least equal to 2.
  • the or each active link sequence may incorporate one or more inactive links which intercalate between the active links.
  • the inactive links may be identically distributed in each of the successive sequences of the chain. However, it is preferred to distribute them distinctly in the sequences, so that during normal use of the chain on a shearer, the sequences have vibration frequencies distinct from each other.
  • the optimum number of active links and, where appropriate, the number of inactive links will depend on various parameters, among which the nature of the rock, including its hardness, the length of the chain and the type of cutting tools used. They must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art. Sequences comprising at least 6 active links are suitable in the majority of applications. Those comprising at least 12 (preferably 15 to 25) active links being especially recommended.
  • each active link carries only one cutting tool.
  • the number of active links (and, consequently, the number of cutting tools) in the or each sequence is advantageously greater than 10, preferably at least 12, by example between 15 and 25.
  • All the links of the chain according to the invention can be distributed in a single sequence.
  • the links of the chain are generally divided into at least two identical sequences.
  • the number of sequences is however not critical for the definition of the invention and it will be determined by the length of the chain and the number of active links (and, where appropriate, inactive links) of each sequence.
  • the links in the chain be divided into at least 2 (preferably at least 3) sequences, the numbers of 4 to 15 sequences (preferably 4 to 10 sequences) being generally well suited, although higher number of sequences is not incompatible with the definition of the invention.
  • the active links may carry a single cutting tool or several cutting tools (for example two cutting tools). It may happen that in the same sequence, one or more active links has (s) only one cutting tool, while others have more than one cutting tool. In general, the number of active links is higher (often much higher) than the number of inactive links.
  • Cutting tools are not critical for the definition of the invention. They can advantageously consist of platelets in an active material resistant to abrasion:
  • the choice of the active material cutting tools will depend on various parameters, including the nature of the rock and the power of the shearer. Depending on whether the rock is soft or hard, it is possible for example to use a metal carbide (for example tungsten carbide) or polycrystalline diamond.
  • the platelets may be circular, oval or polygonal circular platelets or ovoid platelets. Cylindrical plates with a cylindrical, square or rectangular base are preferred.
  • the cutting tools will notch the rock.
  • the cut thus formed has a face in front of the cutting tools, the profile of which is determined by the arrangement of the cutting tools on the links of the chain.
  • the cutting tools are attached to the active links via tool holders.
  • the tool holders of the active links are identical and they have a profile that matches the profile of the cut face.
  • This expression means that at any point on the surface of the tool holder, which is located opposite the wall of the notch, the spacing between this point and this wall is minimal.
  • the toolholder while the chain cuts the rock, the toolholder has a front face facing the cut face and two side faces facing the side walls of the notch and the gap between these front and side faces, on the one hand, and the walls of the notch, on the other hand, is minimal.
  • This particular profile of the tool holders has the advantageous effect of guiding the tool holders and the chain in the notch as the chain progresses in the rock mass.
  • the spacing be greater than 0.1 mm.
  • the value of the aforesaid spacing between the tool holders and the wall of the notch influences the efficiency with which the tool holder rises the cuttings generated by the cutting tool.
  • Small cuttings are all driven by the tool holder and raised to the surface, outside the notch, that the spacing is low.
  • the cutting of the rock is sometimes done by immersing the notch in a coolant, usually water. The water is driven out of the notch by the upward movement of the tool holders.
  • a leakage flow is organized through it. There is then a competition between the leakage flow, which allows the fluid back down along the chain, and the drive of the same liquid by the successive tool holders.
  • the drive of the fluid is greater than the flow of fluid throughout the ascent of the tool holders. Then we clean the notch cuttings, but also the fluid. This gives a good cleaning of the cutting line.
  • the entrained fluid also keeps the cuttings suspended in it and helps to clean the cut.
  • a small gap protects the cutting tool from shocks that may occur when cutting heterogeneous rocks, or vibration of the shearer or its chain.
  • a second feature of the invention relates to the position of the cutting tools on their tool holders.
  • the or each active link sequence comprises at least two active links and each active link comprises at least one cutting tool.
  • the position of one of these two cutting tools on the tool holder of its link is different from the position of the other cutting tool on the tool holder of the other link.
  • a third characteristic of the invention applies specifically to the particular case where the chain comprises several successive sequences of active links.
  • the successive sequences of active links are identical and the number of cutting tools of a sequence and their respective dispositions in this one are repeated in the other sequences.
  • the or each active link sequence may incorporate one or more inactive links that interconnect between the active links.
  • the or each sequence of the chain comprises at least one inactive link, it also carries a tool holder, the latter not however carrying a cutting tool.
  • the toolholders of the inactive links are advantageously identical to the tool holders of the active links. They reinforce the guide of the chain in the notch and participate in scraping and evacuation of rock debris.
  • the tool holders be symmetrical with respect to a median plane of the chain (the median plane being, by definition, a fictitious plane which covers substantially the set of links and sprockets of the chain).
  • the tool holders can be an integral part of the links that carry them. However, it is preferred according to the invention that the tool holders are removably attached to links of the chain. Examples of removable fasteners are described and schematized in the documents FR 2 521 061 and EP 0 028 418 .
  • the cutting tools cut a notch in the rock, whose thickness is equal to the largest spacing between the cutting tools located on either side of the median plane of chain.
  • This notch has a face in front of the cutting tools, whose profile is determined by the arrangement of cutting tools in the sequences.
  • the set of cutting tools of the or each sequence forms a fan in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the chain (the longitudinal axis of the chain being by definition an axis that joins the centers of the two aforementioned gears of the chain).
  • the profile of this fan will condition the profile of the cut face of the notch, which can thus be concave or convex.
  • a convex front is schematized at the figure 4 of the document EP 0 028 418 In practice, it is usual for the size fronts to have both a concave portion and a convex portion.
  • a face of height will be said convex if more than 25% of the length of the face of size (for example from 50 to 80% of this one) has a convex profile.
  • a face of size will be said concave if more than 25% of the length of the face (eg 50 to 80% of it) has a concave profile.
  • the invention also relates to a toolholder that can be used on a rock cutter chain according to the invention.
  • the tool holder according to the invention has all of the features listed above, concerning the tool holders of the chain according to the invention.
  • the tool holder according to the invention may comprise one or more cavities, each intended for the insertion of a cutting tool. This or each of these cavities may be machined in the tool holder before being put on the market. However, according to the invention, it is preferred that the commercially available tool holders do not comprise such cavities, the machining thereof being carried out a posteriori as a function of various operating parameters such as the nature of the rock in question. to treat, the length of the shearer chain, the shape and the constitution of the cutting tools and the distribution of these in sequences on the shearer chain. This variant allows mass production of standard tool holders.
  • the tool holder has a plane of symmetry which, when the tool holder is mounted on a link of the chain, coincides with the median plane of the chain (the median plane of the chain having been defined above). .
  • the invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of a rock cutter chain, in which cutting tools are reported on links of the chain, said method being characterized in that implements toolholders compliant according to the invention, defined above, at least one cavity is machined in each tool holder, a cutting tool is inserted into said cavity and the tool holder is fixed to a link of the chain, making sure that that the plane of symmetry of said tool holder is substantially coincident with the median plane of the chain.
  • the chain according to the invention is intended to equip shears for cutting rocks.
  • the invention therefore also relates to shearers which are characterized by a chain according to the invention.
  • the shears according to the invention are suitable for the extraction of all types of quarry stone. They find many applications, especially for the extraction of limestone such as marble and travertine, for example.
  • the shearer represented at figure 1 comprises a frame 7 movable in the direction of the arrow X on a pair of rails 9 placed on a bed of rock or rock mass 10.
  • the shearer 7 comprises a steerable arm 8 carrying a chain 1 mounted in a loop on two pinions 2 and 3.
  • the pinion 3 is coupled to a motor, not shown, to drive the chain 1 in the direction of the arrow Y.
  • the chain 1 is formed of links 4 connected to each other by articulations and carrying cutting tools (not visible to the figure 1 ).
  • the shearer moves the frame 7 on the rails 9 in the direction of the arrow X and the chain 1 progressively cuts a notch 11 in the rock bench 10.
  • the figure 2 shows a link 4.
  • the link 4 is interposed between two similar links (not shown) to which it is linked by two joints (only one of which is represented, indicated by the notation 13).
  • the connection of the hinge 13 to the link 4 is ensured by a pin 12.
  • the link 4 carries a tool holder 16. This is symmetrical and comprises two perpendicular plates 18 and 21.
  • the plate 21 is placed and fixed on the link 4, against a shoulder 14, by means of a bolt 15.
  • Two longitudinal tabs 17 ensure the centering of the tool holder 16 on the link 4.
  • the plate 18 is perpendicular to the plate 21 and the link 4. It has a plane of symmetry which is coincident with the median plane of the link 4.
  • the plate 18 further has a withdrawal in its central zone 19 and two symmetrical withdrawals 20 where it is connected to the plate 21.
  • the figure 3 shows eleven identical 16 tool holders.
  • the eleven tool holders of the figure 3 are mounted on eleven successive active links 4 of the chain 1.
  • the eleven tool holders 16 each carry a cutting tool 22.
  • the cutting tools 22 are cylindrical plates engaged in cavities which have been previously drilled in the plate 18 of the door -tools.
  • the eleven cutting tools 22 are distributed in a sequence, better visible at the figure 4 . They occupy eleven different positions (numbered respectively 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E, 22F, 22G, 22H, 22I, 22J and 22K) to form a sequence.
  • the sequence of the eleven cutting tools 22, better represented in the figure 4 is arranged so that the cut cut in the rock has a concave face size.
  • Inactive links 4 can optionally alternate with the active links carrying the eleven tool holders 16 of the figure 3 .
  • the inactive links can advantageously carry a toolholder substantially identical to those of the figure 3 , but without cutting tool 22.
  • the cutting tools 22 project beyond the periphery of the plate 18 to cut the rock.
  • the gap between the edge of the plate 18 and the end of the cutting tool 22 is between 0.3 and 2.5 mm.
  • the position of the cutting tools 22 on their respective tool holders is arranged so that the cut in the rock has a profile that matches that of the plate 18 of the tool holders, as has been explained above.
  • the front face 23 of the tool holders 16 is opposite the cutting face of the notch and the two lateral faces 24 of the tool holders are opposite the side walls of the notch.
  • the plate 18 of the tool holders thus performs a scraping function, to retain and evacuate the rock debris accumulating in front of it.
  • the first tools of the sequence that attack the rock are the outer tools 22J and 22K, which has the advantage, compared to a convex fan arrangement (where the first tool that attacks the rock is the central tool of the sequence) to stabilize the chain by preventing it from oscillating laterally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte aux haveuses pour la découpe de roches, spécialement pour l'extraction de roches en carrière.The invention relates to cutters for cutting rocks, especially for quarry quarrying.

L'invention concerne plus spécialement une chaîne pour une haveuse à roche selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The invention relates more particularly to a chain for a rock shearing machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Les haveuses à roche sont bien connues pour l'abattage de massifs rocheux dans des carrières. Elle comprennent habituellement un châssis déplaçable sur un banc de roche, ce châssis étant équipé d'un bras portant une chaîne de havage montée en boucle sur deux pignons. Les chaînes de havage sont habituellement formées d'une succession de maillons articulés, dont certains au moins portent des outils coupants.Rock cutters are well known for the felling of rock masses in quarries. They usually comprise a frame movable on a rock bench, this frame being equipped with an arm carrying a cutting chain mounted in a loop on two gears. The chains of cut are usually formed of a succession of articulated links, at least some of which carry cutting tools.

On trouve la description de haveuses et de chaînes de havage dans les documents FR 2 496 544 et FR 2 521 061 . Dans ces chaînes de havage connues, les outils coupants sont montés sur des supports porte-outils qui sont eux-mêmes fixés aux maillons.The description of shearers and chains of hacking is found in the documents FR 2,496,544 and FR 2 521 061 . In these known cutting chains, the cutting tools are mounted on tool holders which are themselves attached to the links.

Dans la chaîne du document FR 2 521 061 , les maillons sont répartis en séquences ou séries de six maillons, qui se répètent sur toute la longueur de la chaîne. Les deux premiers maillons de la chaîne portent chacun un seul outil coupant, qui est décalé latéralement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne. Les quatre maillons suivants de la séquence portent chacun deux outils coupants, qui sont disposés symétriquement par rapport au plan médian de la chaîne.In the document chain FR 2 521 061 the links are divided into sequences or series of six links, which are repeated over the entire length of the chain. The first two links of the chain each carry a single cutting tool, which is laterally offset from the median plane of the chain. The next four links in the sequence each carry two cutting tools, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane of the chain.

Le document EP 0 028 418 décrit une chaîne pour haveuse selon le préambule de la revendication 1, dans laquelle les outils coupants sont insérés dans des lamages cylindriques usinés à la périphérie du porte-outil.The document EP 0 028 418 discloses a shear chain according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the cutting tools are inserted into cylindrical countersinks machined at the periphery of the tool holder.

Le document EP-A-0028418 divulgue un procédé et un dispositif de sciage de pierres et marbres. La chaîne de sciage comporte des séquences successives de maillons de forme évolutive dans lesquelles des têtes de coupe de formes variées supportent des plaquettes de coupe.The document EP-A-0028418 discloses a method and a device for sawing stones and marbles. The saw chain comprises successive sequences of progressively shaped links in which cutting heads of various shapes support cutting inserts.

Un désavantage de ces chaînes connues réside dans la difficulté d'évacuer les débris de roches qui s'accumulent sur les outils coupants au fur et à mesure de la progression de la haveuse sur un banc de roche. En outre, des débris de roche tombent dans le fond de l'entaille où ils s'accumulent. Ces débris de roche nuisent à l'efficacité de l'opération de havage, au rendement de la haveuse et à la tenue des outils coupants. En s'accumulant progressivement devant les outils coupants, ils soumettent ceux-ci à des contraintes mécaniques intenses, qui risquent de les détériorer, voire de les briser. Les porte-outils et les maillons de la chaîne sont par ailleurs progressivement endommagés par abrasion. En outre, l'accumulation des débris de roche devant et autour des outils coupants ainsi que dans le fond de l'entaille a pour résultat néfaste, d'une part, de remplir les dents du pignon d'entraînement de la chaîne, situé en bout de bras et, d'autre part, de faire dévier la chaîne latéralement. L'accumulation de débris dans le pignon a pour effet d'allonger la chaîne. Ceci provoque une augmentation de la tension dans la chaîne et peut induire un bris prématuré de celle-ci. La déviation de la chaîne provoque une usure prématurée des porte-outils et aussi un havage imprécis.A disadvantage of these known chains is the difficulty of removing rock debris that accumulates on the cutting tools as the progress of the shearer on a rock bench. In addition, rock debris falls into the bottom of the cut where they accumulate. This rock debris affects the efficiency of the cutting operation, the performance of the shearing machine and the holding of the cutting tools. By accumulating gradually in front of the cutting tools, they subject them to intense mechanical stresses, which may damage or even break them. Tool holders and chain links are gradually damaged by abrasion. In addition, the accumulation of rock debris in front of and around the cutting tools as well as in the bottom of the notch has the detrimental result, on the one hand, of filling the teeth of the drive pinion of the chain, located in end of the arm and, secondly, to deflect the chain laterally. The accumulation of debris in the pinion has the effect of lengthening the chain. This causes an increase in the tension in the chain and can induce premature breakage of the chain. The deflection of the chain causes premature wear of the tool holders and also an imprecise hacking.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention vise à remédier aux désavantages précités des chaînes de haveuse connues.The invention aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages of known chains of shearers.

L'invention vise plus particulièrement à fournir une chaîne de haveuse, dans laquelle l'évacuation des débris de roche est facilitée, de telle sorte que le volume des débris de roche qui s'accumulent devant les outils coupants et dans le fond de l'entaille soit fortement réduit et bien contrôlé.The invention more particularly aims to provide a shear chain, in which the evacuation of rock debris is facilitated, so that the volume of rock debris accumulating in front of the cutting tools and in the bottom of the notch is greatly reduced and well controlled.

Par corollaire, l'invention vise à réduire les sollicitations mécaniques agissant sur les chaînes de havage et leurs outils coupants, à augmenter la durée de vie des chaînes et des outils coupants, à améliorer la précision, l'efficacité et le rendement des opérations de havage.As a corollary, the invention aims to reduce the mechanical stresses acting on the cutting chains and their cutting tools, to increase the service life of the chains and cutting tools, to improve the accuracy, efficiency and performance of the cutting operations. havage.

En conséquence, l'invention prévoit une chaîne pour haveuse à roche, comprenant au moins une séquence d'au moins deux maillons actifs portant chacun au moins un outil coupant sur un porte-outil, pour pratiquer une entaille dans la roche qui présente un front de taille et des parois latérales, les outils coupants présentant une disposition sur lesdits maillons qui détermine un profil de front de taille, ladite chaîne se caractérisant en ce que les porte-outils des maillons actifs ont des profils sensiblement identiques, qui présentent une face frontale en regard du front de taille de l'entaille et deux faces latérales en regard des parois latérales de l'entaille et épousent sensiblement le profil du front de taille de l'entaille en présentant un écart entre lesdites faces frontale et latérales des porte-outils et les parois de l'entaille inférieur à 5 mm et supérieur à 0,1 mm et en ce que la position d'un des outils coupants sur son maillon actif est différente de la position de l'autre outil coupant sur son maillon, et en ce que, dans le cas où la chaîne comprend plusieurs séquences de maillons actifs, lesdites séquences sont identiques, comprenant un même nombre de maillons actifs et un même nombre de porte-outils identiques.Accordingly, the invention provides a chain for rock cutter, comprising at least one sequence of at least two active links each carrying at least one cutting tool on a tool holder, to practice a cut in the rock which has a front of size and sidewalls, the cutting tools having a disposition on said links which determines a face-of-height profile, said chain being characterized in that the tool holders of the active links have substantially identical profiles, which have a front face opposite the cutting face of the notch and two lateral faces facing the side walls of the notch and substantially match the profile of the cut face of the front by having a gap between said front and side faces of the tool holders and the walls of the notch less than 5 mm and greater than 0.1 mm and in that the position of one of the cutting tools on its active link is different from the position of the other cutting tool on its link, and in that, in the case where the chain comprises several active link sequences, said sequences are identical, comprising the same number of active links and the same number of tool holders identical.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

De manière connue en soi, la chaîne selon l'invention comprend une boucle de maillons entre deux pignons, qui sont reliés entre eux au moyen d'articulations et qui portent des outils coupants.In a manner known per se, the chain according to the invention comprises a loop of links between two gears, which are interconnected by means of articulations and which carry cutting tools.

Dans une forme de réalisation, chaque maillon porte au moins un outil coupant. En variante un ou plusieurs maillons de la chaîne peuvent être sans outil coupant. Dans le présent mémoire, l'expression « maillon actif » désigne tout maillon de la chaîne portant au moins un outil coupant. Par la suite, l'expression « maillon inactif » désignera, le cas échéant, tout maillon sans outil coupant.In one embodiment, each link carries at least one cutting tool. Alternatively one or more links of the chain can be without cutting tool. As used herein, the term "active link" refers to any link in the chain bearing at least one cutting tool. Subsequently, the term "inactive link" shall mean, where appropriate, any link without cutting tools.

L'expression « séquence de maillons actifs » désigne une succession de maillons actifs de la chaîne. La chaîne peut comprendre une seule séquence ou plusieurs séquences successives et identiques, comme c'est habituellement le cas des chaînes de havage connues.The term "active link sequence" refers to a succession of active links in the chain. The chain can comprise a single sequence or several successive and identical sequences, as is usually the case for known cleavage chains.

La ou chaque séquence de maillons actifs comprend au moins deux maillons actifs. Elle peut comprendre un nombre plus élevé de maillons actifs, par exemple au moins six maillons actifs. Le nombre de maillons actifs de la ou chaque séquence n'est pas critique pour la définition de l'invention, mais doit, selon l'invention, être au moins égal à 2.The or each active link sequence comprises at least two active links. It may comprise a greater number of active links, for example at least six active links. The number of active links of the or each sequence is not critical for the definition of the invention, but must, according to the invention, be at least equal to 2.

La ou chaque séquence de maillons actifs peut incorporer un ou plusieurs maillons inactifs qui s'intercale(nt) entre les maillons actifs. Dans le cas d'une chaîne comprenant plusieurs séquences de maillons actifs, les maillons inactifs peuvent être répartis de manière identique dans chacune des séquences successives de la chaîne. On préfère toutefois les répartir distinctement dans les séquences, pour que, pendant une utilisation normale de la chaîne sur une haveuse, les séquences présentent des fréquences de vibration distinctes les unes des autres.The or each active link sequence may incorporate one or more inactive links which intercalate between the active links. In the case of a chain comprising several active link sequences, the inactive links may be identically distributed in each of the successive sequences of the chain. However, it is preferred to distribute them distinctly in the sequences, so that during normal use of the chain on a shearer, the sequences have vibration frequencies distinct from each other.

Le nombre optimum de maillons actifs et, le cas échéant, le nombre de maillons inactifs vont dépendre de divers paramètres, parmi lesquels la nature de la roche, notamment sa dureté, la longueur de la chaîne et le type d'outils coupants utilisés. Ils doivent être déterminés dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier. Des séquences comprenant au moins 6 maillons actifs conviennent dans la majorité des applications. Celles comprenant au moins 12 (avantageusement de 15 à 25) maillons actifs étant spécialement recommandées.The optimum number of active links and, where appropriate, the number of inactive links will depend on various parameters, among which the nature of the rock, including its hardness, the length of the chain and the type of cutting tools used. They must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art. Sequences comprising at least 6 active links are suitable in the majority of applications. Those comprising at least 12 (preferably 15 to 25) active links being especially recommended.

Dans la chaîne selon l'invention, on préfère que chaque maillon actif ne porte qu'un seul outil coupant. Dans cette variante préférée de l'invention, le nombre de maillons actifs (et, par voie de conséquence, le nombre d'outils coupants) dans la ou dans chaque séquence est avantageusement supérieur à 10, de préférence au moins égal à 12, par exemple compris entre 15 et 25.In the chain according to the invention, it is preferred that each active link carries only one cutting tool. In this preferred variant of the invention, the number of active links (and, consequently, the number of cutting tools) in the or each sequence is advantageously greater than 10, preferably at least 12, by example between 15 and 25.

Tous les maillons de la chaîne selon l'invention peuvent être répartis en une seule séquence. En général, les maillons de la chaîne sont généralement répartis en au moins deux séquences identiques. Le nombres de séquences n'est toutefois pas critique pour la définition de l'invention et il va être déterminé par la longueur de la chaîne et le nombre de maillons actifs (et, le cas échéant, de maillons inactifs) de chaque séquence. En pratique, on recommande que les maillons de la chaîne soient répartis en au moins 2 (de préférence au moins 3) séquences, les nombres de 4 à 15 séquences (de préférence de 4 à 10 séquences) convenant généralement bien, bien qu'un nombre plus élevé de séquences ne soit pas incompatible avec la définition de l'invention. Les maillons actifs peuvent porter un seul outil coupant ou plusieurs outils coupants (par exemple deux outils coupants). Il peut arriver que dans une même séquence, un ou plusieurs maillons actifs comporte(nt) un seul outil coupant, tandis que d'autres en comportent plusieurs. En général, le nombre de maillons actifs est supérieur (souvent très supérieur) au nombre de maillons inactifs.All the links of the chain according to the invention can be distributed in a single sequence. In general, the links of the chain are generally divided into at least two identical sequences. The number of sequences is however not critical for the definition of the invention and it will be determined by the length of the chain and the number of active links (and, where appropriate, inactive links) of each sequence. In practice, it is recommended that the links in the chain be divided into at least 2 (preferably at least 3) sequences, the numbers of 4 to 15 sequences (preferably 4 to 10 sequences) being generally well suited, although higher number of sequences is not incompatible with the definition of the invention. The active links may carry a single cutting tool or several cutting tools (for example two cutting tools). It may happen that in the same sequence, one or more active links has (s) only one cutting tool, while others have more than one cutting tool. In general, the number of active links is higher (often much higher) than the number of inactive links.

Les outils coupants ne sont pas critiques pour la définition de l'invention. Ils peuvent avantageusement consister en plaquettes en une matière active résistant à l'abrasion: Le choix de la matière active des outils coupants va dépendre de divers paramètres, notamment de la nature de la roche et de la puissance de la haveuse. Selon que la roche est tendre ou dure, on peut par exemple utiliser un carbure métallique (par exemple du carbure de tungstène) ou du diamant polycristallin.Cutting tools are not critical for the definition of the invention. They can advantageously consist of platelets in an active material resistant to abrasion: The choice of the active material cutting tools will depend on various parameters, including the nature of the rock and the power of the shearer. Depending on whether the rock is soft or hard, it is possible for example to use a metal carbide (for example tungsten carbide) or polycrystalline diamond.

Les plaquettes peuvent être des plaquettes cylindriques à base circulaire, ovale ou polygonale ou des plaquettes ovoïdes. Les plaquettes cylindriques à base cylindrique, carrée ou rectangulaire sont préférées.The platelets may be circular, oval or polygonal circular platelets or ovoid platelets. Cylindrical plates with a cylindrical, square or rectangular base are preferred.

Pendant le fonctionnement de la chaîne sur une haveuse en cours d'utilisation, les outils coupants entaillent la roche. L'entaille ainsi formée présente un front de taille en face des outils coupants, dont le profil est déterminé par la disposition des outils coupants sur les maillons de la chaîne.During chain operation on a shearer in use, the cutting tools will notch the rock. The cut thus formed has a face in front of the cutting tools, the profile of which is determined by the arrangement of the cutting tools on the links of the chain.

Dans la chaîne selon l'invention, les outils coupants sont fixés aux maillons actifs par l'intermédiaire de porte-outils.In the chain according to the invention, the cutting tools are attached to the active links via tool holders.

Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, les porte-outils des maillons actifs sont identiques et ils ont un profil qui épouse le profil du front de taille de l'entaille. On entend par cette expression qu'en tout point de la surface du porte-outil, qui se situe en regard de la paroi de l'entaille, l'écartement entre ce point et cette paroi est minime. En d'autres termes, pendant que la chaîne entaille la roche, le porte-outil présente une face frontale en regard du front de taille de l'entaille et deux faces latérales en regard des parois latérales de l'entaille et l'écart entre ces faces frontale et latérales, d'une part, et les parois de l'entaille, d'autre part, est minime. Ce profil particulier des porte-outils a pour effet avantageux de guider les porte-outils et la chaîne dans l'entaille au fur et à mesure de la progression de la chaîne dans le massif rocheux. On réduit de la sorte les sollicitations sur les maillons de la chaîne et on réduit en outre le volume des débris de roche qui s'accumulent devant les outils coupants pendant la progression de la chaîne dans le massif rocheux, les porte-outils raclant tout débris de roche ou autre objet présent dans l'entaille. L'écartement minime précité entre le porte-outil et les parois de l'entaille est réalisé par la disposition en saillie du ou de chaque outil coupant sur son porte-outil. Un très petit écartement est spécialement favorable au but poursuivi par l'invention, consistant à réduire l'accumulation de débris de roche devant les outils coupants. En pratique, on obtient ce résultat avec un écartement inférieur à 5 mm.According to a first characteristic of the invention, the tool holders of the active links are identical and they have a profile that matches the profile of the cut face. This expression means that at any point on the surface of the tool holder, which is located opposite the wall of the notch, the spacing between this point and this wall is minimal. In other words, while the chain cuts the rock, the toolholder has a front face facing the cut face and two side faces facing the side walls of the notch and the gap between these front and side faces, on the one hand, and the walls of the notch, on the other hand, is minimal. This particular profile of the tool holders has the advantageous effect of guiding the tool holders and the chain in the notch as the chain progresses in the rock mass. This reduces the stresses on the links of the chain and reduces the volume of rock debris accumulating in front of the cutting tools during the progression of the chain in the rock mass, the tool holders scraping any debris of rock or other object present in the notch. The aforementioned minimum spacing between the tool holder and the walls of the notch is achieved by the protruding arrangement of the or each cutting tool on its tool holder. A very small gap is especially favorable to the purpose of the invention, to reduce the accumulation of rock debris in front of the cutting tools. In practice, this result is obtained with a spacing of less than 5 mm.

Il est toutefois nécessaire de maintenir un écartement suffisant pour garantir un bon rendement de havage. En pratique, on recommande dès lors que l'écartement soit supérieur à 0,1 mm.However, it is necessary to maintain a spacing sufficient to ensure good hacage performance. In practice, it is therefore recommended that the spacing be greater than 0.1 mm.

Un compromis optimum entre les deux impératifs mentionnés plus haut (faible accumulation de déchets rocheux et bon rendement de havage) va dépendre de divers paramètres, parmi lesquels figurent notamment la forme, les dimensions et la constitution des outils coupants, la dureté de la roche à traiter et l'épaisseur de l'entaille à réaliser. Il doit être déterminé dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier. En pratique, on obtient de bons résultats dans la majorité des cas avec un écartement de 0,20 à 4,00 mm, par exemple de 0,30 à 3,00 mm, les valeurs de 0,50 à 2,50 mm (de préférence de 0,75 à 2,00) étant spécialement avantageuses.An optimum compromise between the two imperatives mentioned above (low accumulation of waste rock and good harvesting efficiency) will depend on various parameters, among which include the shape, the dimensions and the constitution of the cutting tools, the hardness of the rock. treat and the thickness of the notch to achieve. It must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art. In practice, good results are obtained in the majority of cases with a spacing of 0.20 to 4.00 mm, for example from 0.30 to 3.00 mm, the values of 0.50 to 2.50 mm ( preferably from 0.75 to 2.00) being especially advantageous.

La valeur de l'écartement précité entre les porte-outils et la paroi de l'entaille influence l'efficacité avec laquelle le porte-outil remonte les déblais générés par l'outil coupant. Les déblais de petite dimensions font d'autant entraînés par le porte-outil et remontés en surface, en dehors de l'entaille, que l'écartement est faible. En outre, la coupe de la roche se fait parfois en immergeant l'entaille dans un liquide de refroidissement, le plus souvent de l'eau. L'eau est entraînée hors de l'entaille par le mouvement ascendant des porte-outils. Selon l'importance de l'écartement, un débit de fuite s'organise à travers celui-ci. On observe alors une compétition entre le débit de fuite, qui laisse le fluide redescendre le long de la chaîne, et l'entraînement de ce même liquide par les porte-outils successifs. Lorsque l'écartement est suffisamment faible, l'entraînement du fluide est plus important que le débit de fluide tout au long de la remontée des porte-outils. On nettoie alors l'entaille des déblais, mais également du fluide. On obtient alors un bon nettoyage du trait de coupe. Le fluide entraîné garde également les déblais en suspension dans celui-ci et aide au nettoyage de l'entaille.The value of the aforesaid spacing between the tool holders and the wall of the notch influences the efficiency with which the tool holder rises the cuttings generated by the cutting tool. Small cuttings are all driven by the tool holder and raised to the surface, outside the notch, that the spacing is low. In addition, the cutting of the rock is sometimes done by immersing the notch in a coolant, usually water. The water is driven out of the notch by the upward movement of the tool holders. Depending on the size of the gap, a leakage flow is organized through it. There is then a competition between the leakage flow, which allows the fluid back down along the chain, and the drive of the same liquid by the successive tool holders. When the spacing is sufficiently small, the drive of the fluid is greater than the flow of fluid throughout the ascent of the tool holders. Then we clean the notch cuttings, but also the fluid. This gives a good cleaning of the cutting line. The entrained fluid also keeps the cuttings suspended in it and helps to clean the cut.

Un faible écartement protège l'outil coupant des chocs éventuels pouvant survenir lors de coupe de roches hétérogène, ou de vibrations de la haveuse ou de sa chaîne.A small gap protects the cutting tool from shocks that may occur when cutting heterogeneous rocks, or vibration of the shearer or its chain.

Comme on l'a vu, un faible écartement évacue le liquide hors du trait de coupe. Or, l'efficacité de coupe de certaines roches est augmentée lors d'une coupe à sec. Le havage s'effectuant le plus souvent en carrière, en extérieur, l'entaille peut être soumise aux intempéries. Dans un tel cas, il arrive que l'entaille soit immergée. L'invention procède à l'évacuation de l'eau stagnant dans l'entaille et permet la coupe à sec, même par temps pluvieux.As we have seen, a small spacing discharges the liquid out of the cutting line. However, the cutting efficiency of some rocks is increased during a dry cut. The havage taking place most often in the quarry, outside, the notch can be subjected to bad weather. In such a case, it happens that the notch is immersed. The invention proceeds to the evacuation of stagnant water in the notch and allows cutting dry, even in rainy weather.

Pour les roches ayant une efficacité de coupe plus importante sous eau, il est alors possible d'arroser continuellement l'entaille lors de la coupe. L'eau est entraînée par la chaîne et participe de manière efficace au processus de coupe.For rocks with greater cutting efficiency under water, it is then possible to continuously water the notch during cutting. The water is driven by the chain and effectively participates in the cutting process.

Si l'écartement précité entre les porte-outils et la paroi de l'entaille est trop faible, on limite alors la capacité de coupe de l'outil coupant en créant une interaction, un frottement entre le support et la roche. Cela diminue la vitesse de coupe de la roche et affecte les performances de la haveuse. Si l'écartement est trop grand, l'entaille usinée ultérieurement sur le porte-outil standard devient incomplète pour recevoir et retenir correctement l'élément coupant.If the aforesaid spacing between the tool holders and the wall of the notch is too small, then limiting the cutting capacity of the cutting tool by creating an interaction, a friction between the support and the rock. This decreases the cutting speed of the rock and affects the performance of the shearer. If the gap is too large, the notch machined later on the standard tool holder becomes incomplete to properly receive and retain the cutting element.

Une deuxième caractéristique de l'invention concerne la position des outils coupants sur leurs porte-outils. Comme il a été exposé plus haut, la ou chaque séquence de maillons actifs comprend au moins deux maillons actifs et chaque maillon actif comprend au moins un outil coupant. Selon cette deuxième caractéristique de l'invention, la position d'un de ces deux outils coupants sur le porte-outil de son maillon est différente de la position de l'autre outil coupant sur le porte-outil de l'autre maillon.A second feature of the invention relates to the position of the cutting tools on their tool holders. As has been explained above, the or each active link sequence comprises at least two active links and each active link comprises at least one cutting tool. According to this second characteristic of the invention, the position of one of these two cutting tools on the tool holder of its link is different from the position of the other cutting tool on the tool holder of the other link.

Une troisième caractéristique de l'invention s'applique spécifiquement au cas particulier où la chaîne comprend plusieurs séquences successives de maillons actifs. Dans ce cas particulier, les séquences successives de maillons actifs sont identiques et le nombre d'outils coupants d'une séquence et leurs dispositions respectives dans celle-ci se répètent dans les autres séquences.A third characteristic of the invention applies specifically to the particular case where the chain comprises several successive sequences of active links. In this particular case, the successive sequences of active links are identical and the number of cutting tools of a sequence and their respective dispositions in this one are repeated in the other sequences.

Comme il a été exposé plus haut, la ou chaque séquence de maillons actifs peut incorporer un ou plusieurs maillons inactifs qui s'intercale(nt) entre les maillons actifs. Dans une forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, appliquée au cas où la ou chaque séquence de la chaîne comprend au moins un maillon inactif, celui-ci porte également un porte-outil, ce dernier ne portant toutefois pas d'outil coupant. Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, les porte-outils des maillons inactifs sont avantageusement identiques aux porte-outils des maillons actifs. Ils renforcent le guidage de la chaîne dans l'entaille et participent au raclage et à l'évacuation des débris de roche.As discussed above, the or each active link sequence may incorporate one or more inactive links that interconnect between the active links. In a particular embodiment of the invention, applied to the case where the or each sequence of the chain comprises at least one inactive link, it also carries a tool holder, the latter not however carrying a cutting tool. In this embodiment of the invention, the toolholders of the inactive links are advantageously identical to the tool holders of the active links. They reinforce the guide of the chain in the notch and participate in scraping and evacuation of rock debris.

Bien que cela ne soit pas indispensable pour la définition de l'invention, il est spécialement recommandé que les porte-outils soient symétriques par rapport à un plan médian de la chaîne (le plan médian étant, par définition, un plan fictif qui recouvre sensiblement l'ensemble des maillons et des pignons de la chaîne).Although this is not essential for the definition of the invention, it is especially recommended that the tool holders be symmetrical with respect to a median plane of the chain (the median plane being, by definition, a fictitious plane which covers substantially the set of links and sprockets of the chain).

Dans la chaîne selon l'invention, les porte-outils peuvent faire partie intégrante des maillons qui les portent. On préfère toutefois, selon l'invention, que les porte-outils soient fixés de manière amovible sur des maillons de la chaîne. Des exemples de fixation amovible sont décrits et schématisés dans les documents FR 2 521 061 et EP 0 028 418 .In the chain according to the invention, the tool holders can be an integral part of the links that carry them. However, it is preferred according to the invention that the tool holders are removably attached to links of the chain. Examples of removable fasteners are described and schematized in the documents FR 2 521 061 and EP 0 028 418 .

Pendant le fonctionnement de la chaîne sur une haveuse en cours d'utilisation, les outils coupants découpent une entaille dans la roche, dont l'épaisseur est égale au plus grand écartement entre les outils coupants situés de part et d'autre du plan médian de la chaîne. Cette entaille présente un front de taille en face des outils coupants, dont le profil est déterminé par la disposition des outils coupants dans les séquences.During operation of the chain on a shearer in use, the cutting tools cut a notch in the rock, whose thickness is equal to the largest spacing between the cutting tools located on either side of the median plane of chain. This notch has a face in front of the cutting tools, whose profile is determined by the arrangement of cutting tools in the sequences.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière de la chaîne selon l'invention, l'ensemble des outils coupants de la ou de chaque séquence forme un éventail dans un plan transversal à l'axe longitudinal de la chaîne (l'axe longitudinal de la chaîne étant par définition un axe qui joint les centres des deux pignons précités de la chaîne). Le profil de cet éventail va conditionner le profil du front de taille de l'entaille, qui peut ainsi être concave ou convexe. Un front de taille convexe est schématisé à la figure 4 du document EP 0 028 418 , En pratique, il est habituel que les fronts de taille présentent à la fois une partie concave et une partie convexe. Par définition, dans le présent mémoire, un front de taille sera dit convexe si plus de 25 % de la longueur du front de taille (par exemple de 50 à 80 % de celle-ci) a un profil convexe. De manière similaire, un front de taille sera dit concave si plus de 25 % de la longueur du front de taille (par exemple de 50 à 80 % de celle-ci) a un profil concave.In a particular embodiment of the chain according to the invention, the set of cutting tools of the or each sequence forms a fan in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the chain (the longitudinal axis of the chain being by definition an axis that joins the centers of the two aforementioned gears of the chain). The profile of this fan will condition the profile of the cut face of the notch, which can thus be concave or convex. A convex front is schematized at the figure 4 of the document EP 0 028 418 In practice, it is usual for the size fronts to have both a concave portion and a convex portion. By definition, in the present specification, a face of height will be said convex if more than 25% of the length of the face of size (for example from 50 to 80% of this one) has a convex profile. Similarly, a face of size will be said concave if more than 25% of the length of the face (eg 50 to 80% of it) has a concave profile.

L'invention concerne également un porte-outil utilisable sur une chaîne de haveuse à roche conforme à l'invention. A cet effet, le porte-outil selon l'invention présente l'ensemble des caractéristiques énoncées plus haut, concernant les porte-outils de la chaîne selon l'invention.The invention also relates to a toolholder that can be used on a rock cutter chain according to the invention. For this purpose, the tool holder according to the invention has all of the features listed above, concerning the tool holders of the chain according to the invention.

Le porte outil selon l'invention peut comprendre une ou plusieurs cavités, destinées chacune à l'insertion d'un outil coupant. Cette ou chacune de ces cavités peut être usinée dans le porte-outil avant sa mise dans le commerce. On préfère toutefois, selon l'invention, que les porte-outils mis dans le commerce ne comprennent pas de telles cavités, l'usinage de celles-ci étant effectuées à posteriori en fonction de divers paramètres opératoires tels que la nature de la roche à traiter, la longueur de la chaîne de haveuse, la forme et la constitution des outils coupants et la répartition de ceux-ci en séquences sur la chaîne de haveuse. Cette variante permet une fabrication en série de porte-outils standards.The tool holder according to the invention may comprise one or more cavities, each intended for the insertion of a cutting tool. This or each of these cavities may be machined in the tool holder before being put on the market. However, according to the invention, it is preferred that the commercially available tool holders do not comprise such cavities, the machining thereof being carried out a posteriori as a function of various operating parameters such as the nature of the rock in question. to treat, the length of the shearer chain, the shape and the constitution of the cutting tools and the distribution of these in sequences on the shearer chain. This variant allows mass production of standard tool holders.

On préfère que le porte-outil présente un plan de symétrie qui, lorsque le porte-outil est monté sur un maillon de la chaîne, est confondu avec le plan médian de la chaîne (le plan médian de la chaîne ayant été défini plus haut).It is preferred that the tool holder has a plane of symmetry which, when the tool holder is mounted on a link of the chain, coincides with the median plane of the chain (the median plane of the chain having been defined above). .

L'invention concerne aussi un procédé pour la fabrication d'une chaîne de haveuse à roche, dans lequel on rapporte des outils coupants sur des maillons de la chaîne, ledit procédé se caractérisant en ce qu'on met en oeuvre des porte-outils conformes à l'invention, définis plus haut, on usine au moins une cavité dans chaque porte-outil, on insère un outil coupant dans ladite cavité et on fixe le porte-outil sur un maillon de la chaîne, en veillant à ce que le plan de symétrie dudit porte-outil soit sensiblement confondu avec le plan médian de la chaîne.The invention also relates to a method for the manufacture of a rock cutter chain, in which cutting tools are reported on links of the chain, said method being characterized in that implements toolholders compliant according to the invention, defined above, at least one cavity is machined in each tool holder, a cutting tool is inserted into said cavity and the tool holder is fixed to a link of the chain, making sure that that the plane of symmetry of said tool holder is substantially coincident with the median plane of the chain.

La chaîne selon l'invention est destinée à équiper des haveuses pour la découpe de roches.The chain according to the invention is intended to equip shears for cutting rocks.

L'invention concerne dès lors également des haveuses qui se caractérisent par une chaîne conforme à l'invention.The invention therefore also relates to shearers which are characterized by a chain according to the invention.

Les haveuses selon l'invention conviennent pour l'extraction de tous types de pierre en carrière. Elles trouvent de nombreuses applications, notamment pour l'extraction de pierres calcaires telles que le marbre et le travertin par exemple.The shears according to the invention are suitable for the extraction of all types of quarry stone. They find many applications, especially for the extraction of limestone such as marble and travertine, for example.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Des particularités et détails de l'invention vont apparaître au cours de la description suivante des figures annexées, qui représentent quelques formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique latérale d'une haveuse conforme à l'invention, en cours d'utilisation sur un banc de roche ;
  • La figure 2 est une perspective éclatée à grande échelle, d'un maillon actif d'une chaîne conforme à l'invention ;
  • La figure 3 montre une pluralité de porte-outils conformes à l'invention ; et
  • La figure 4 montre une séquence d'outils coupants d'une chaîne selon l'invention.
  • Les figures ne sont pas dessinées à l'échelle.
Features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying figures, which show some particular embodiments of the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a schematic side view of a shearer according to the invention, in use on a rock bench;
  • The figure 2 is an exploded perspective on a large scale, of an active link of a chain according to the invention;
  • The figure 3 shows a plurality of tool holders according to the invention; and
  • The figure 4 shows a sequence of cutting tools of a chain according to the invention.
  • The figures are not drawn to scale.

Généralement, les mêmes numéros de référence désignent les mêmes éléments.Generally, the same reference numbers designate the same elements.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliersDetailed description of particular embodiments

La haveuse représentée à la figure 1 comprend un châssis 7 déplaçable dans le sens de la flèche X sur une paire de rails 9 posés sur un banc de roche ou massif rocheux 10.The shearer represented at figure 1 comprises a frame 7 movable in the direction of the arrow X on a pair of rails 9 placed on a bed of rock or rock mass 10.

La haveuse 7 comprend un bras orientable 8 portant une chaîne 1 montée en boucle sur deux pignons 2 et 3. Le pignon 3 est couplé à un moteur, non représenté, pour entraîner la chaîne 1 dans le sens de la flèche Y.The shearer 7 comprises a steerable arm 8 carrying a chain 1 mounted in a loop on two pinions 2 and 3. The pinion 3 is coupled to a motor, not shown, to drive the chain 1 in the direction of the arrow Y.

La chaîne 1 est formée de maillons 4 reliés entre eux par des articulations et portant des outils coupants (non visibles à la figure 1). Pendant le fonctionnement de la haveuse, on déplace le châssis 7 sur les rails 9 dans le sens de la flèche X et la chaîne 1 découpe progressivement une entaille 11 dans le banc de roche 10.The chain 1 is formed of links 4 connected to each other by articulations and carrying cutting tools (not visible to the figure 1 ). During the operation of the shearer, moves the frame 7 on the rails 9 in the direction of the arrow X and the chain 1 progressively cuts a notch 11 in the rock bench 10.

La figure 2 montre un maillon 4. Le maillon 4 est interposé entre deux maillons similaires (non représentés) auxquels il est lié par deux articulations (dont une seule est représentée, désignée par la notation 13). La connexion de l'articulation 13 au maillon 4 est assurée par une goupille 12. Le maillon 4 porte un porte-outil 16. Celui-ci est symétrique et comprend deux plaques perpendiculaires 18 et 21. La plaque 21 est posée et fixée sur le maillon 4, contre un épaulement 14, au moyen d'un boulon 15. Deux pattes longitudinales 17 assurent le centrage du porte-outil 16 sur le maillon 4. La plaque 18 est perpendiculaire à la plaque 21 et au maillon 4. Elle présente un plan de symétrie qui est confondu avec le plan médian du maillon 4. La plaque 18 présente en outre un retrait dans sa zone médiane 19 et deux retraits symétriques 20 où elle se raccorde à la plaque 21.The figure 2 shows a link 4. The link 4 is interposed between two similar links (not shown) to which it is linked by two joints (only one of which is represented, indicated by the notation 13). The connection of the hinge 13 to the link 4 is ensured by a pin 12. The link 4 carries a tool holder 16. This is symmetrical and comprises two perpendicular plates 18 and 21. The plate 21 is placed and fixed on the link 4, against a shoulder 14, by means of a bolt 15. Two longitudinal tabs 17 ensure the centering of the tool holder 16 on the link 4. The plate 18 is perpendicular to the plate 21 and the link 4. It has a plane of symmetry which is coincident with the median plane of the link 4. The plate 18 further has a withdrawal in its central zone 19 and two symmetrical withdrawals 20 where it is connected to the plate 21.

La figure 3 montre onze porte-outils 16 identiques. Les onze porte-outils de la figure 3 sont montés sur onze maillons actifs successifs 4 de la chaîne 1. Les onze porte-outils 16 portent chacun un outil coupant 22. Les outils coupants 22 sont des plaquettes cylindriques engagées dans des cavités qui ont au préalable été forées dans la plaque 18 des porte-outils. A la figure 3, les onze outils coupants 22 sont répartis en une séquence, mieux visible à la figure 4. Ils occupent onze positions différentes (numérotées respectivement 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E, 22F, 22G, 22H, 22I, 22J et 22K) pour former une séquence. La séquence des onze outils coupants 22, mieux représentée à la figure 4, est agencée pour que l'entaille découpée dans la roche ait un front de taille concave.The figure 3 shows eleven identical 16 tool holders. The eleven tool holders of the figure 3 are mounted on eleven successive active links 4 of the chain 1. The eleven tool holders 16 each carry a cutting tool 22. The cutting tools 22 are cylindrical plates engaged in cavities which have been previously drilled in the plate 18 of the door -tools. To the figure 3 , the eleven cutting tools 22 are distributed in a sequence, better visible at the figure 4 . They occupy eleven different positions (numbered respectively 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E, 22F, 22G, 22H, 22I, 22J and 22K) to form a sequence. The sequence of the eleven cutting tools 22, better represented in the figure 4 , is arranged so that the cut cut in the rock has a concave face size.

Des maillons 4 inactifs (ne portant pas d'outils coupants) peuvent éventuellement alterner avec les maillons actifs portant les onze porte-outils 16 de la figure 3. Bien que ce ne soit pas une obligation dans le cadre de l'invention, les maillons inactifs peuvent avantageusement porter un porte-outil sensiblement identique à ceux de la figure 3, mais sans outil coupant 22.Inactive links 4 (not carrying cutting tools) can optionally alternate with the active links carrying the eleven tool holders 16 of the figure 3 . Although it is not an obligation in the context of the invention, the inactive links can advantageously carry a toolholder substantially identical to those of the figure 3 , but without cutting tool 22.

A la figure 3, les outils coupants 22 débordent de la périphérie de la plaque 18 pour réaliser la découpe de la roche. L'écart entre le rebord de la plaque 18 et l'extrémité de l'outil coupant 22 est comprise entre 0,3 et 2,5 mm. En outre, la position des outils coupants 22 sur leurs porte-outils respectifs est agencée pour que l'entaille dans la roche ait un profil qui épouse celui de la plaque 18 des porte-outils, comme il a été exposé plus haut. Pendant le passage de la chaîne (1) dans l'entaille (11) du massif rocheux, la face frontale 23 des porte-outils 16 est en regard du front de taille de l'entaille et les deux faces latérales 24 des porte-outils sont en regard des parois latérales de l'entaille. La plaque 18 des porte-outils réalise de la sorte une fonction de raclage, pour retenir et évacuer les débris rocheux qui s'accumulent devant elle.To the figure 3 the cutting tools 22 project beyond the periphery of the plate 18 to cut the rock. The gap between the edge of the plate 18 and the end of the cutting tool 22 is between 0.3 and 2.5 mm. In addition, the position of the cutting tools 22 on their respective tool holders is arranged so that the cut in the rock has a profile that matches that of the plate 18 of the tool holders, as has been explained above. During the passage of the chain (1) in the notch (11) of the rock mass, the front face 23 of the tool holders 16 is opposite the cutting face of the notch and the two lateral faces 24 of the tool holders are opposite the side walls of the notch. The plate 18 of the tool holders thus performs a scraping function, to retain and evacuate the rock debris accumulating in front of it.

Dans la disposition des outils coupants 22 en éventail concave, schématisée à la figure 4, les premiers outils de la séquence qui attaquent la roche sont les outils extérieurs 22J et 22K, ce qui présente l'avantage, par rapport à une disposition en éventail convexe (où le premier outil qui attaque la roche est l'outil central de la séquence) de stabiliser la chaîne en évitant qu'elle oscille latéralement.In the arrangement of the cutting tools 22 concave fan, schematically in the figure 4 , the first tools of the sequence that attack the rock are the outer tools 22J and 22K, which has the advantage, compared to a convex fan arrangement (where the first tool that attacks the rock is the central tool of the sequence) to stabilize the chain by preventing it from oscillating laterally.

Claims (12)

  1. A rock cutter chain, comprising at least one sequence of at least two active links each bearing at least one cutting tool on a tool-holder, in order to make a notch in the rock which has a cutting front face and side walls, the cutting tools having a position on said links which determines a cutting front profile, the position of one of the cutting tools (22A) on its active link (4) being different from the position of the other cutting tool (22B) on its link, characterized in that the tool-holders (16) of the active links (4) have substantially identical profiles, which have a front face (23) facing the front for cutting a notch (11) and two side faces (24) facing the side walls of the notch and substantially fitting the profile of the cutting front of the notch (11), while having a gap between said front and side faces of the tool-holders and the walls of the notch, of less than 5 mm and greater than 0.1 mm, and in that, in the case when the chain (1) comprises several sequences of active links (4), said sequences are identical, comprising a same number of active links (4) and a same number of identical tool-holders (16).
  2. The chain according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises from 4 to 15 successive and identical sequences, each comprising at least 6 active links (4).
  3. The chain according to either one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gap between the side faces (24) of the cutting tools and the side walls of the notch is from 0.20 to 4.00 mm.
  4. The chain according to claim 3, characterized in that said gap is from 0.30 to 3.00 mm.
  5. The chain according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in addition to active links (4), said or each sequence comprises at least one inactive link bearing a tool-holder (16) without any cutting tool, the profile of which is identical with that of the tool-holders (16) of the active links (4).
  6. The chain according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each active link (4) only bears a single cutting tool (20).
  7. The chain according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tool-holders (16) are symmetrical relatively to a median plane of the chain and at least one cutting tool (20) of the tool-holders (16) of said or each sequence is shifted relatively to the median plane of the chain (1).
  8. The chain according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in said or each sequence, the cutting tools (22) are positioned in a fan-like fashion, so that at least one portion of the cutting front of the notch has a concave profile.
  9. The chain according to claim 8, characterized in that the aforesaid concave portion of the cutting front has a length which is greater than 25% of the length of the cutting front.
  10. The chain according to claim 9, characterized in that the length of the aforesaid concave portion is from 50 to 80% of the length of the cutting front.
  11. The chain according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the concave portion is located at the center of the cutting front.
  12. A cutter for cutting rocks, comprising a chain (1) according to any of claims 1 to 11.
EP11760735.8A 2010-09-06 2011-09-05 Shearer chain and shearer Not-in-force EP2613918B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2010/0521A BE1019468A3 (en) 2010-09-06 2010-09-06 ROCKER HAIR CHAIN WITH TOOL HOLDER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME AND HAIR.
PCT/EP2011/065302 WO2012032009A1 (en) 2010-09-06 2011-09-05 Rock cutter chain and rock cutter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2613918A1 EP2613918A1 (en) 2013-07-17
EP2613918B1 true EP2613918B1 (en) 2015-03-11

Family

ID=43743446

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11760735.8A Not-in-force EP2613918B1 (en) 2010-09-06 2011-09-05 Shearer chain and shearer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2613918B1 (en)
BE (1) BE1019468A3 (en)
PT (1) PT2613918E (en)
WO (1) WO2012032009A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108247870B (en) * 2018-03-16 2024-07-23 辽宁工程技术大学 Coal cutting equipment for experiments and dynamic experiment system
IT201800009296A1 (en) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-09 Fabio Bigini CHAIN CUTTING AND CUTTING TOOL FOR STONE AND SIMILAR MATERIAL

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29913859U1 (en) * 1999-01-12 1999-12-16 Fantini Sud S.r.l., Anagni, Frosinone Universal serration with prismatic star-shaped plates

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR595131A (en) * 1925-03-09 1925-09-26 Chain hacker for blasting refractory clays
FR2468452A1 (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-05-08 Perrier Fernand & Cie PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR SAWING STONES AND MARBLE
IT1115100B (en) * 1980-12-18 1986-02-03 Fantini Luigi MACHINE PERFECTED FOR CUTTING THE ROCK IN A TRAVERTINE QUARRY OR SIMILAR
DE3269867D1 (en) * 1981-10-23 1986-04-17 Korfmann Gmbh Maschf Cutter chain for a stone cutting machine
IT1147600B (en) * 1982-02-08 1986-11-19 Luigi Fantini CUTTING CHAIN FOR MACHINES, FOR CUTTING THE ROCK IN TRAVERTINE QUARRIES OR SIMILAR, WITH REMOVABLE CUTTING TOOLS AND WITH SEVERAL OPERATING POSITIONS
BE1019003A3 (en) * 2009-11-19 2011-12-06 Pmds Sa Nv CHAIN OF HAVEUSE AND HAVEUSE.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29913859U1 (en) * 1999-01-12 1999-12-16 Fantini Sud S.r.l., Anagni, Frosinone Universal serration with prismatic star-shaped plates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2613918A1 (en) 2013-07-17
BE1019468A3 (en) 2012-07-03
PT2613918E (en) 2015-08-21
WO2012032009A1 (en) 2012-03-15

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