EP2321538B1 - Dispositif microfluidique - Google Patents

Dispositif microfluidique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2321538B1
EP2321538B1 EP09775618A EP09775618A EP2321538B1 EP 2321538 B1 EP2321538 B1 EP 2321538B1 EP 09775618 A EP09775618 A EP 09775618A EP 09775618 A EP09775618 A EP 09775618A EP 2321538 B1 EP2321538 B1 EP 2321538B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channel
inlet
channels
fluid
microfluidic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09775618A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2321538A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Rigler
Michael Vellekoop
Bernhard Lendl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Wien
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Technische Universitaet Wien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of EP2321538A1 publication Critical patent/EP2321538A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31422—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the axial direction only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to microfluidic devices for dispensing fluids or fluid mixtures.
  • Well-mixed fluid mixtures are useful in laminar flow systems, e.g. in microfluidic systems, difficult to produce, since - especially due to lack of turbulence, but also due to short path lengths - to a sufficient mixing of the supplied fluids, especially in the case of liquids can come.
  • the mixing between different fluid streams flowing in a channel is thus almost exclusively limited to diffusion processes.
  • cable routing is problematic because of the difficult-to-use third dimension.
  • a microfluidic device for dispensing a fluid or fluid mixture comprising: an output channel, at least one main fluid supply channel, each into at least one secondary supply channel substantially in the plane of the dispensing channel and laterally thereof passes, which in turn merges into an above or below the output channel lying inlet channel, the at least over an inlet opening opens from above or below into the dispensing channel, with the characteristic that the at least one inlet channel has a cross section with a cross-sectional shape that changes linearly or exponentially in its longitudinal direction.
  • a further embodiment of the microfluidic device according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the at least one inlet opening has an opening width which changes in the transverse direction of the outlet channel.
  • the inlet channel Because of this longitudinally varying cross-sectional shape of the inlet channel and / or varying width of the inlet opening (s) in the transverse direction of the dispensing channel, varying amounts of fluid can be introduced from the latter into the dispensing channel at different locations of the inlet channel. Depending on the shape, locally variable pressure conditions are created, and thus the flow rate and consequently the amount of fluid across the width of the discharge channel are determined. For example, the unequal amount of fluid delivered into the dispensing channel due to the pressure difference between the two ends of the inlet channel (s) may be compensated for by widening the inlet channel to the farther end so that there is a larger interface between Inlet and outlet channel for fluid transfer is available.
  • a uniformly thick fluid layer over the width of the discharge channel can be introduced into the latter.
  • smaller or larger amounts of fluid e.g. a fluid gradient may be introduced into it, which may be useful not only for mixing but also, for example, for chemical reactions in that channel.
  • the fluid (s) is / are not specifically limited. It may be any flowable materials or mixtures thereof.
  • the invention is used in connection with liquids or liquid / gas mixtures, since the advantages of the invention are particularly effective here.
  • one or more inlet openings may be provided in the discharge channel for each inlet channel.
  • the single inlet opening can be formed from the upper edges of the inlet channel, which is completely open towards the outlet channel, and thus occupies the entire interface between the inlet channel and the outlet channel. This simplifies the manufacture of such microfluidic devices, as will be described later.
  • the shapes of the inlet channels and the respective inlet openings may be the same or different from each other in all embodiments of the invention, which enables a targeted adjustment of the amount of fluid entering the zone across the width of the outlet channel.
  • the inlet channel in the region of the junction for example, wedge-shaped, taper or widen
  • the inlet opening for example, has a regular rectangular shape.
  • a plurality of openings for example slot-shaped or circular or even oval, can be provided per single-channel (which sometimes has a changing cross-section), etc.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the at least one inlet channel or the shape of the at least one inlet opening changes is not particularly limited and can be adapted to the respective applications of the device.
  • the cross-sectional shape changes linearly, since the pressure loss over the length of the channel can thus be well compensated and a uniform distribution of the fluids or fluid mixtures in the transverse direction of the discharge channel is ensured.
  • the resulting fluid flow behavior can be well simulated and optimized by means of computer programs. Because the pressure drop in the channels is exponential, for purely physical considerations, a corresponding exponential change in cross-section would be an even better solution to this problem.
  • Such courses are in practice - at least in the current production techniques - but only at much higher cost feasible and therefore currently not preferred.
  • the width of the at least one inlet channel increases in the transverse direction of the discharge channel, ie at the end there is a larger area for the fluid transfer from the respective inlet channel to the outlet channel, so as to compensate for the pressure drop.
  • the width of the inlet channel can increase both at its upper and lower edges and at only one of them. That is, the inlet duct does not necessarily have to have side walls normal to the plane of the discharge duct, as will be explained later.
  • a variable depth of the channels affects the feed into the dispensing channel, but a depression of the inlet channels towards their end tends to increase the pressure drop due to the larger cross-sectional area, while the decreasing depth (and concomitant smaller cross-sectional area) again compensates for the pressure drop can be.
  • the flow rate of the fluid to the inlet ports can be determined.
  • These means according to the invention can be used both instead of and in combination with other, for example, mechanical control means, e.g. Micropumps, valves, etc. are used.
  • all inlet openings are arranged on the same side of the discharge channel, ie above or below it, as in the later discussed in more detail Fig. 3 and 5 is shown schematically, where all inlet channels are shown from below the discharge channel in this merging. This arrangement is easier to manufacture in the manufacture of microfluidic devices.
  • the main supply channels merge into a plurality of sub-supply and associated intake ports, and also preferably, a plurality of main supply ports are provided.
  • These preferably comprise one or more first main feed channels for introducing a first fluid and one or more a plurality of second main supply channels for introducing a second fluid. This makes it possible to introduce several layers of fluids, also in each case several layers of several fluids, one above the other into the discharge channel, which improves and accelerates the mixing of two or more fluids, since more than one interface between the fluids is available for the diffusion.
  • the sub-feed and associated multiple-fluid inlet channels preferably lead from opposite sides to the dispensing channel because, due to the difficult-to-use third dimension, superposition of the channels in microfluidic devices is hardly possible.
  • a plurality of first secondary supply and inlet channels and a plurality of second secondary supply and inlet channels are "comb-shaped" from opposite sides (as will be explained in more detail below), interlocking with and discharging into the dispensing channel.
  • the device according to the invention also makes it possible to combine immiscible liquids, so that a solute can diffuse from one phase into the immiscible other phase.
  • the device does not serve as a mixer, but as a micro-extractor.
  • the device according to the invention a well controllable mixing by diffusion of two or more layers of miscible fluids is possible. This achieves a reproducible diffusion mixing time behavior whose behavior depends on the properties of the fluids used (inter alia the diffusion coefficient), the flow rate and the layer thicknesses. In this way, a higher mixing quality is achieved compared to the prior art.
  • the invention relates to the use of a just described device for dispensing a plurality of fluids, which are preferably dispensed in the form of layers.
  • the layers can be the same or different Have layer thicknesses, as this is determinable over the cross section of the inlet channels and / or the inlet openings.
  • the fluids are at least partially mixed during delivery due to diffusion at the interfaces between the layers.
  • Fig. 1 As mentioned, a known embodiment of a microfluidic device according to the prior art.
  • this apparatus three separate feed channels 2, 2 ', 2 "for liquids in a row in a, here horizontally extending mixing channel 5.
  • a stream of a liquid sample is passed between each buffer stream in the channel, in order to mix them in.
  • the feed of the three streams takes place from the same side of the mixing channel 5 - in Fig.
  • microfluidics While the field of microfluidics is defined differently in the literature, for purposes of the present invention, it is meant to include devices having such dimensions that the cross-sectional area of the channels is on the order of square millimeters or less.
  • One of the problems of such and similar devices solved by the invention is that the amount of fluid entering the mixing channel at both ends of the respective inlet channel is different due to the pressure drop from one end to the other.
  • a simple embodiment of a microfluidic device according to the invention is shown, which serves mainly to illustrate the principle of the invention.
  • a device could not serve as a micromixer but, for example, as a connector between two (micro) lines extending in different spatial directions or as a simple channel for fluid (especially liquid) delivery, eg in inkjet printers.
  • a fluid are directed into an output channel 5, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the fluid is branched via a main supply channel 1, which branches off into two secondary supply channels 2, 2 ', which in turn pass into two inlet channels 3, 3' to the output channel 5 and through inlet ports 4, 4 ', which are shown in dotted lines in the figures ,
  • the present invention makes it possible to compensate for the pressure losses occurring in the case of elongated line junctions and the different quantities of fluid delivered in connection therewith, wherein the cross-sectional shapes of the inlet channels or inlet openings can be adapted precisely to the respective conditions.
  • the cross-section of the respective inlet channel that of the associated inlet opening (s) or even both may change.
  • a "wedge-shaped” i. linear variation of the cross sections shown, the course of which is also the same at the inlet channel and opening, as indicated by the parallelism of the lines.
  • any combination of different cross-sectional shapes can be used, as long as characterized the flow behavior of the fluid or in the device according to the invention is influenced in an advantageous manner.
  • any other shapes, with curves, waves, corners, edges, teeth and the like are possible, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • inlet ports per inlet channel may well be provided, which in turn may have any desired shapes.
  • an inlet channel with linear, e.g. wedge-shaped or conical, or curved tapered cross-section and extending in the longitudinal direction of the inlet channel, slot-shaped inlet opening with a regular rectangular cross-section.
  • the tapering cross-section of the channel then equalizes the pressure drop toward the farther end of the opening so that in turn equal amounts of fluid can enter the discharge channel at both ends of the opening.
  • the cross-section of the inlet or inlet channel upstream of the junction can also change in order to influence pressure differences in the supply lines. This can be done in a known manner, ie as in the aforementioned EP 118,767 B1 , Made by tapering design of the channels 1 and / or 2 or 2 'to the output channel 5 out. In this way, it can be ensured that the same amount of fluid is delivered to all inlet channels in the case of a main feed channel branching into a plurality of secondary feed and corresponding inlet channels, which results in equal layer thicknesses of the fluid in the output channel.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 2 along the line AA, from which it can be seen that both inlet channels 3 and 3 'open into the outlet channel 5 from the same side, namely from below. This is contrary to the manufacturing technology of microfluidic devices. In addition, the side walls of the inlet channels 3 and 3 'are formed in parallel. Alternatives will be discussed later Fig. 9 described.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows three possible cross-sectional views of the embodiment Fig. 2 along the line BB. It can be seen that the cross-section of the inlet channel 3 'not only - as in Fig. 2 shown - may increase in the plane of the output channel 5, so that it widened in the flow direction of the fluid, but can also increase or decrease perpendicular thereto. In Fig. 4a the inlet channel 3 'deepens over the width of the output channel 5, and in Fig. 4b its depth decreases.
  • Fig. 4c shows an embodiment with a constant depth of the inlet channel 3 ', which represents a presently preferred embodiment due to the simpler manufacturing.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which two fluids are supplied from opposite sides of the discharge channel 5 to this.
  • a first fluid is analogous to the embodiment Fig. 2 via a main supply channel 1, which branches into two secondary supply channels 2 and 2 'and in the sequence in two inlet channels 3 and 3', introduced; a second fluid via the analog components 10, 20/20 'and 30/30'.
  • the changing in the mouth region cross-sectional shapes can be combined again as desired. For clarity, wedge-shaped cross sections are again shown.
  • the wedge-shaped extensions of the inlet channel pairs would be 3/30 and 3 '/ 30' facing each other, ie the channels 30 and 30 'in the drawing would not be right up but extend to the top left.
  • the total of four secondary supply channels 2, 2 ', 20, 20' with their inlet channels 3, 3 ', 30', 30 engage "comb-like" in one another, meaning that they alternately open into the output channel 5 from opposite sides.
  • two layers of the two fluids are alternately introduced into the output channel, whereby a total of three interfaces for the diffusion between the two fluids are available.
  • this effect can be further enhanced. This significantly speeds up mass transfer between the fluids such that such devices are excellent micromixers or, for immiscible liquids, microextractors.
  • a profile of the device according to the invention with an aspect ratio of 1:10 for the inlet channels and / or the inlet opening is used for many-in particular aqueous-fluids.
  • an aspect ratio (width difference: length) of 1:10 an expansion of the (eg wedge-shaped) Channel of, for example, 10.0 microns at the beginning of the inlet channel to 20.0 microns at its end over a length of the inlet channel of 100.0 microns understood.
  • Fig. 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the embodiment Fig. 5 along the line AA Fig. 5 . From this it follows that all inlet channels 3, 3 ', 30 and 30' from the same side - again from below - open into the outlet channel 5. This again counteracts the fabrication technique of microfluidic devices where the channels are etched into an existing substrate, cut, etc. Because the line AA in Fig. 5 is not halfway across the discharge channel 5, the thickness of the inlet channel pairs 3/3 'and 30/30' is also different due to the different degree of broadening at that location. Again, the walls of the inlet ducts need not necessarily be perpendicular, that is, they should be normal to the plane of the discharge duct, as in FIG Fig. 6 is shown.
  • the inlet channels becoming wider or narrower towards the bottom, the amount of fluid passing from the respective inlet channel into the outlet channel and thus the layer thickness of the fluid at that point of the outlet channel can also be controlled.
  • Such a change in cross section of the inlet channels is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows by way of example schematically different embodiments of the cross-sectional changes of the inlet channels in the plane of the discharge channel.
  • widening as well as narrowing shapes over the width of the dispensing channel 5 as well as arbitrary combinations thereof, as well as combinations of a straight and an oblique or curved longitudinal wall of the inlet channel 3, are possible. Widening shapes are preferred in order to compensate for the smaller amount of fluid due to the pressure drop over the length of the inlet channel 3, which at its end passes into the discharge channel 5.
  • Such and similar, but also any other cross-sectional changes are also possible for the depth of the inlet channels, as already stated above. This means that even the depth of an inlet channel need not necessarily increase or decrease linearly in order to ensure optimum, desired flow conditions for the fluid (s) in the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows various embodiments of the shapes of the inlet openings, for the sake of clarity, the inlet channels are plotted without changing cross-section. In fact, however, any combinations of the in the Fig. 7 and 8th shown embodiments and any other embodiments possible, since the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown or discussed herein.
  • Fig. 9 shows, as already mentioned, alternative embodiments of the inlet channels 3 and 3 'from Fig. 3 with non-parallel sidewalls, which can also be combined with any of the previously described channel cross-section changes and aperture shapes.
  • Channel 3 is shown here by way of example with an oval cross-section, ie with bulged side walls; Channel 3 ', however, with a downwardly tapered cross-section.
  • additional measures can also be taken on the channel sidewalls, such as grooves, grooves, grooves, corrugations and the like, to influence and optimize the flow behavior of the fluids in the channels.
  • the present invention is a valuable extension In the field of microfluidics, the prior art solves existing problems in a relatively simple manner by providing devices which are inexpensive and can be produced by known methods. Accordingly, there is no doubt about the industrial applicability of the invention.

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif microfluidique pour la distribution d'un fluide ou d'un mélange de fluides, comprenant un conduit de sortie (5), au moins un conduit d'alimentation de fluide principal (1, 10) qui se transforme en au moins un conduit d'alimentation secondaire (2, 2', 20, 20') qui se trouve notamment au même plan que le conduit de sortie (5) et mène à celui-ci latéralement, ledit conduit d'alimentation secondaire se transformant en un conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') au-dessus ou au-dessous du conduit de sortie (5), ledit conduit d'admission menant aux conduit de sortie (5) d'en haut ou d'en bas via au moins un orifice d'admission (4, 4'),
    caractérisé en ce que la forme du coupe transversal dudit au moins un conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') change de manière linéaire ou exponentielle dans sa direction longitudinal.
  2. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la largeur dudit au moins un orifice d'admission (4, 4') change dans la direction transversale dudit conduit de sortie (5).
  3. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un orifice d'admission (4, 4') est prévu pour chaque conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30').
  4. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice d'admission (4, 4') est formé par les bords supérieurs du conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') qui est entièrement ouvert vers le conduit de sortie (5) au dessus.
  5. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs orifices d'admission (4, 4') sont prévus pour chaque conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30').
  6. Dispositif microfluidique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la largeur dudit au moins un conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') augmente.
  7. Dispositif microfluidique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur dudit au moins un conduit d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') augmente.
  8. Dispositif microfluidique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que tous les orifices d'admission (4, 4') sont arrangés du même côté du conduit de sortie (5), c'est-à-dire au dessus ou au-dessus de celui-ci.
  9. Dispositif microfluidique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un conduit d'alimentation principal (1, 10) se transforme en plusieurs conduits d'admission (3, 3', 30, 30') à travers plusieurs conduits d'alimentation secondaires (2, 2', 20, 20').
  10. Dispositif microfluidique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs conduits d'alimentation principaux (1, 10) sont prévus, comprenant au moins un premier conduit d'alimentation principal (1) pour introduire un premier fluide et au moins un deuxième conduit d'alimentation principal (10) pour introduire un deuxième fluide.
  11. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un premier conduit d'alimentation principal (1) se transforme en au moins un premier conduit d'admission (3, 3') à travers au moins un premier conduit d'alimentation secondaire (2, 2') et en ce que ledit au moins un deuxième conduit d'alimentation principal (10) se transforme en au moins un deuxième conduit d'admission (30, 30') à travers au moins un deuxième conduit d'alimentation secondaire (20, 20'), lesdits premiers et deuxièmes conduits d'alimentation secondaires menant au conduit de sortie (5) de deux côtés opposés.
  12. Dispositif microfluidique selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs premiers conduits d'alimentation secondaires (2, 2') et conduits d'admission (3, 3') et plusieurs deuxièmes conduits d'alimentation secondaires (20, 20') et conduits d'admission (30, 30') sont prévus, menant à et se jetant dans le conduit de sortie (5) de deux côtés opposés, s'engrenant en forme de peigne.
EP09775618A 2008-08-28 2009-08-27 Dispositif microfluidique Not-in-force EP2321538B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0133508A AT507226B1 (de) 2008-08-28 2008-08-28 Mikrofluidvorrichtung
PCT/AT2009/000336 WO2010022428A1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-27 Dispositif microfluidique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2321538A1 EP2321538A1 (fr) 2011-05-18
EP2321538B1 true EP2321538B1 (fr) 2012-12-19

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EP09775618A Not-in-force EP2321538B1 (fr) 2008-08-28 2009-08-27 Dispositif microfluidique

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US (1) US20110194995A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2321538B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT507226B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010022428A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6395539B2 (ja) * 2014-09-24 2018-09-26 キヤノン株式会社 液体吐出ヘッド用基板の製造方法、及びシリコン基板の加工方法
CN106076135B (zh) 2016-08-01 2019-04-16 江苏揽山环境科技股份有限公司 微气泡发生装置
US11185830B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2021-11-30 Waters Technologies Corporation Fluid mixer
WO2021030245A1 (fr) * 2019-08-12 2021-02-18 Waters Technologies Corporation Mélangeur pour système de chromatographie

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6890093B2 (en) * 2000-08-07 2005-05-10 Nanostream, Inc. Multi-stream microfludic mixers
US7470408B2 (en) * 2003-12-18 2008-12-30 Velocys In situ mixing in microchannels
US8524173B2 (en) * 2006-09-01 2013-09-03 Tosoh Corporation Microchannel structure and fine-particle production method using the same

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Publication number Publication date
WO2010022428A1 (fr) 2010-03-04
EP2321538A1 (fr) 2011-05-18
US20110194995A1 (en) 2011-08-11
AT507226A1 (de) 2010-03-15
AT507226B1 (de) 2010-09-15

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