Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
  • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
  • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
  • F02C3/305—Increasing the power, speed, torque or efficiency of a gas turbine or the thrust of a turbojet engine by injecting or adding water, steam or other fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
  • F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
  • F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
  • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
  • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
  • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
  • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a mechanical energy generation system in a rotary shaft, more particularly a system that uses the combined cycle concept with the purpose to create an energy generation system with high performance and low manufacturing cost.
• the present invention refers to an energy generating system, of combined cycle type, which comprises technical and functional characteristics capable of generating very high energy in the shaft of a turbine.
• the system according to the present invention is constituted by the combination of a gas turbine coupled with a steam generator chamber, which, in turn, is coupled to a steam turbine, preferentially a parallel disks steam turbine, and more preferentially the type of a Tesla with Pelton effect blades.
• Gas turbines normally operate in open cycles, based on the thermodynamic cycle known as the Brayton cycle. This establishes that the comburent agent (air) is admitted at atmospheric pressure and compressed in the compressor to later mix itself with the fuel in a combustion chamber, in which the burning also occurs. The gases generated in this manner are mixed, undergo expansion and are discharged back to the atmosphere after passing through the turbine.
• the comburent agent air
• This type of cycle performed by gas turbines, presents as one of its essential properties, the obtainment of very high temperatures, reaching peaks in the order of 1000 to 1300 0 C in the power turbine. Furthermore, it is capable of generating power and liberates the gases with a large energetic availability, with temperatures in the order of 500 to 65O 0 C.
• the aforesaid steam can be directed to a reservoir, in which it is accumulated until it reaches the pressure and temperature necessary for use in the conventional steam turbines.
• this type of equipment and system reveals a series of inconvenient related to the efficiency, agility, fuel wastage and, also, physical space. More specifically, it is observed that: i) the time to heat the heat exchangers is very slow, which results in an excessive consumption of fuels; ii) all the heat generated during the heating exchangers process is lost; iii) the boilers are large and take up considerable physical space, requiring complex and expensive installations; iv) the boilers present flow problems.
• the main inconvenient revealed by the steam turbine action mechanisms of the state of the art is related to the steam generation in the necessary conditions. More particularly, there is a big problem, which is currently confronted, and which will have future consequences, related to the scarcity of sources of fuel and the degradation of natural resources those of which compromise the environment with the pollutant emission.
• the objective of the present invention is a mechanical energy generating system that, preferentially, but not limited to only this purpose, is coupled with an electrical energy generating system.
• the present invention also has as objective an energy generating system for varying purposes that uses the mechanical energy produced by the combination of a gas turbine coupled to a steam turbine by means of a high efficiency steam generating chamber.
• the mechanical energy generating system is comprised by a gas turbine connected to a low pressure and low temperature steam turbine by means of a steam generating chamber, which is capable of obtaining steam from the mixture of water with the gases generated by the combustion from the gas turbine.
• the aforesaid steam generating chamber is coupled in the gas outlet of the gas turbine, in such a way that the vaporization water injected into this chamber is instantaneously vaporized due to the temperature conditions and the energy contained in these gases.
• the vaporization water injected into this chamber is instantaneously vaporized due to the temperature conditions and the energy contained in these gases.
• the steam generating chamber is connected after the power turbine of the gas turbine, and comprises an injector mechanism that injects water directly into the hot gas flow expelled by the gas turbine, in such a way that the contact of the water particles provides an instantaneous vaporization, producing steam mixed with the combustion gases.
• the water flow injected into the steam generating chamber and the heat from the combustion gases of the gas turbine define the quality of the saturated steam or the temperature of the superheated steam.
• the aforesaid injector mechanisms are nozzles that pulverize the vaporization water. More preferentially, the aforesaid injector mechanism comprises a ring shape provided with a plurality of spray nozzles distributed around its perimeter.
• the generated steam is conducted in the direction of parallel disks steam turbine by a directing duct.
• a directing duct can present constant or variable section in the shape of a diffuser, which will depend on the size of the inlet and the characteristics of the parallel disks steam turbine .
• the aforesaid directing duct can comprises a central diffuser that assists in the steam flow conduction and direction in order to the same be focused more efficiently onto the disks of the steam turbine.
• the aforesaid steam turbine is the type of a Tesla Turbine, which comprises the disposition of parallel disks of relatively small thickness arranged away themselves by very small distances. These parallel disks are mounted in a shaft forming a fixed rotor and housed in a cylindrical outer covering, such as a box, forming a stator.
• the objective of the steam turbine is to rotate the shaft to produce the mechanical energy that can be used for varying purposes. More preferentially, in view of its properties, the aforesaid generated mechanical energy is very well applied when the system of the present invention is coupled to an electric generator.
• the characteristics of the steam turbine with parallel disks have as operating principle the use the work fluid to move the aforesaid rotor in which the steam drains from the edge of the disks towards the center, where it escapes by an exhaust outlet.
• One of the advantages of the Tesla type turbine is in relation to its capacity of use steam in any condition, including at low pressure and low temperature and that it can be operated with steam mixed with combustion gases.
• the steam turbine is the type of a Tesla type with Pelton effect blades, whose function is to rotate the shaft, by means of the limit layer effect combined with the effect generated by the Pelton effect blades positioned radially on one of the sides of the parallel disks, obtaining the mechanical energy for the varying purposes.
• the mechanical energy generation system present a large applicability when coupled with an electric generator in order to obtain an energy generating station with a high yeld and low cost of manufacture.
• the aforesaid electric generator is coupled to the system of the present invention in a single base of type skid.
• a separator condenser device whose purpose is to capture the gases and the water that goes out through the exhaust outlet of the aforesaid steam turbine and to separate the gases from the water, in order to conduct the latter for reuse by the water injector mechanism in the steam generating chamber.
• FIG. 1 shows a side view of the energy generation system with a combined cycle, in accordance with the present invention, illustrating the respective inlet and outlet flows;
• the Figure 2 shows a top view plan of the system illustrated in Figure 1 ;
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show views similar to the ones illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, but with an alternative embodiment of the system according to the present invention
• FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the gas turbine, according to a preferential embodiment of the present invention.
• FIGS. 6A and 6B show views of the parallel disks steam turbine , in accordance with the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
• the mechanical energy generating system comprises a combined cycle in a single block, which is constituted by a gas turbine (1) connected to a steam generating chamber (2), interconnected to a directing duct (3) whose outlet end is in communication with at least one steam turbine (4).
• the mechanical energy generation system is installed over a support base (5) and is coupled with an electric generator (6), which is capable of producing modular energy for any purpose.
• an electric generator (6) which is capable of producing modular energy for any purpose.
• the flow of the aforementioned combined cycle in a single block can be seen , in which starts with the air capturing and introduce the air into the inlet opening (1 1) of the gas turbine (1), which mixes with the fuel injected by the feeding nozzles (12) in the combustion chamber (7), generating gas with high temperature that is expanded into the power turbine (13).
• the aforesaid power turbine (13) provokes the expulsion of the hot gases from the gas turbine (1) in the direction of the steam generating chamber (2) equipped with water injection mechanisms (14).
• the water enters into the aforesaid steam generating chamber (2), where the energy of the gases from the combustion chamber (7), from the gas turbine (1), promote the instantaneous vaporization of the injected water, obtaining a flow of steam as a result.
• This is denominated as contaminated or vitiated steam due to the mixture with the combustion gases that is conducted by the directing duct (3).
• the aforesaid directing duct (3) has the purpose to conduct the flow of contaminated steam in the direction of the air inlet (15) of the steam turbine (4). It is important to emphasize that the characteristics of the aforesaid directing duct (3) can depend on the power and size of the steam turbine (4). For example, the aforesaid directing duct (3) can have a constant section to supply steam to several parts of the turbine but can also present a variable section similar to a diffuser.
• a conducting diffuser (16) whose purpose is to guide the steam flow to the inlet(s) of the steam turbine(s) (4).
• the arrangement of this diffuser (16) is very useful when there is a combination of more than one steam turbine (4) since the aforesaid diffuser can directs t he steam flow towards the inlets of the turbines in a balanced manner.
• the steam turbine (4) is preferentially formed by a series of parallel disks (8) arranged side by side and spaced in a relatively small distance among themselves, in such a way that the contaminated steam that runs through the directing duct (3) is introduced into the air inlet (15), which is tangentially positioned to the aforesaid parallel disks (8).
• the flow of contaminated steam is tangentially introduced in the end of the disks (8), through their surfaces, in the space among the disks (8) until being expelled into the central passages.
• the shaft (10) that maintains the disks moves, and consequently generates mechanical energy at the end (10 1 ) of the aforesaid shaft (10).
• the outlet of the steam from the central region of the parallel disks (8) can be channeled towards an exhaust duct (17), which normally produces condensed steam.
• the aforesaid exhaust du ct (17) is coupled to a filtering system, or even to a condenser and separator device (21), that includes a gas outlet tube (22) and a water outlet (23), the latter being connected to the water injection mechanism (14) by means of a pipe (24), allowing the reuse of the condensed water.
• the aforesaid condenser and separator device (21) have the purpose of condensing the residual steam and allowing the physical separation of the combustion gases that are still dissolved in the water.
• the hot or cold water returns to the water injection mechanism (14) in the steam generating chamber (2) and the combustion gases are liberated into the atmosphere by the gas outlet tube (22).
• the gas turbine (1 ) coupled to the steam generating chamber (2) equipped with the water injection mechanism (14).
• the water injection mechanism (14) which comprises a ring (18) provided with a plurality of radially distributed injector nozzles (19) that are fed by channels (20).
• the quantity and size of the aforesaid injector nozzles (19) depends on the characteristics of the system project, as a whole.
• FIGS. 6A and ⁇ B illustrate some details of a preferential embodiment of the steam turbine (;3), that comprises a series of parallel disks (8) arranged side by side and spaced among themselves to form passages of the steam flow, as indicated in Figure 6B.
• the aforesaid steam turbine (3) is the type of a Tesla Turbine with Pelton effect blades in order to allow the combination of the limit layer effect with the effect generated by the
• Pelton type blades positioned radially on one of the sides of the parallel disks.
• the surface of the disks (8) is equipped with some blades (9) in the shape of arches or any other shape that assists the conduction of the steam flow between the edge and the center of the disk (8), denominated as the Pelton effect.
• the steam turbines with parallel disks are known as Tesla turbines, whose disks comprise smooth surfaces.
• the energy generation system can also include cycles and processes used conventionally in gas turbines such as regenerative cycles and the injection of water or steam into the combustion chamber, or in the air inlet of the compressor, in order to make it possible to obtain improvements in the efficiency, reduction of the temperature of the turbine and reduction of the NOx emission.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2008
  • 2008-07-08 BR BRPI0802550 patent/BRPI0802550A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2009
  • 2009-07-08 JP JP2011516930A patent/JP2011530027A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-07-08 EP EP09793725A patent/EP2321509A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-07-08 WO PCT/BR2009/000199 patent/WO2010003205A1/en not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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