EP2319793B1 - Actuator for a speed restrictor of a lift system - Google Patents

Abstract

The release mechanism (100) comprises a limiter wheel equipped with two centrifugal masses, where the limiter wheel is driven by a rotating limiter. A primary trigger wheel is formed in a stationary position. The trigger wheel or the centrifugal masses has a covering or band made of elastic material. An independent claim is also included for a speed limiter for a lift.

Description

The present invention relates to a tripping device for a speed limiter of an elevator installation and to a speed limiter equipped with such a tripping device.

State of the art

The prior art discloses (prescribed) speed limiters for elevator installations which, when a triggering speed is exceeded, provide emergency measures, e.g. activate the safety gear.

The DE 34 46 337 A1 shows a speed limiter for an elevator system that triggers the safety gear of the car when a tripping speed is exceeded. The speed limiter has a pulley which is connected to the car by means of a cable loop and is set in rotation of the car in rotation. The pulley carries flyweights, which are connected to rotatably mounted eccentric cams. As the pulley rotates, the centrifugal weights move outwardly, causing the eccentric cams to rotate or deflect so that they overshoot a braking wheel when the firing speed is exceeded to press. As a result, the sheave and by means of the driving ability of its rope groove, the rope wrapped around it is braked, whereby the safety gear is triggered.

A comparable speed limiter is in the DE 18 00 270 A1 discloses in which a pulley is driven by two pivotally mounted on journal flyweights of a control cable. The flyweight are each equipped at their outwardly pivoting ends with a leaf spring, which in turn has a brake shoe. This arrangement rotates within a stationary brake wheel. Exceeds the rotational speed of the sheave a predetermined threshold, the flyweights pivot about the pins that the respective brake shoe moves outward and presses against the brake wheel, so that the pulley is braked so that the control cable of the car can not follow and a safety gear triggers.

Furthermore, speed limiters are known in which instead of a brake wheel, a trigger wheel is provided, which is acted upon by the coupling means when the release speed is exceeded and taken in the direction of rotation. By the rotation of the trigger wheel then a rope brake for the cable pulley looping around rope is triggered, which in turn a safety gear is triggered on the car. Such a speed limiter is marketed for example under the name OL 100 by Wittur or is in the DE 2007 052 280 A1 disclosed.

The speed limiters known in the prior art have the disadvantage that the interaction of pulley, flyweight, coupling means and tripping or braking a variety of individual components conditionally, which are all subject to certain tolerance requirements. The previous solutions require high manufacturing accuracy, since they are constructively overdetermined. This over-determination of the construction can lead to disturbances and high wear. The overall system is relatively expensive as a result, since certain minimum tolerances must be maintained for the individual elements during manufacture. This is also due to the symmetrical structure, ie some elements such as flyweights and coupling means are usually provided at least twice, so that both the tolerances of an element and element-overlapping tolerances play a role. As a result, in particular the production and maintenance is difficult because not only components must be selected within the prescribed tolerance limits, but their dimensions also fit together. Since large forces and speeds usually occur in an elevator, the individual elements are made of rigid and solid materials, such as steel, which have a very large spring constant, so that the permissible tolerances are relatively small. Due to the large spring constants act large forces, so that the elements, bearings and bolts are solid ..

It is thus desirable to provide a trigger device for a speed limiter, which is simpler and thus cheaper to produce, but the tripping behavior must not be deteriorated.

Based on this prior art, the present invention therefore proposes a release device for a speed limiter of an elevator installation according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and the following description.

Advantages of the invention

In particular, the invention teaches to provide an elastic material between the coupling means and the trigger wheel. Due to the elasticity of size deviations of components can be compensated among each other and tolerance overruns. As a result, the tolerance requirements on the individual components decrease, so that the manufacturing costs can be reduced.

The existing in the prior art high rigidity of the clamping mechanism, which leads to large normal forces and tight tolerance fields is reduced. The release wheel can be divided across its width into two functional areas. A clamping area, which comes into contact with the coupling means, and a triggering area, which abuts the release lever. At least in the clamping area, a (rubber) elastic material, in particular as a covering, is now provided. As a result, the rigidity is reduced and also increases the static friction, whereby even smaller normal forces are sufficient for triggering. At the same time, the material is a spring component, which softens with increasing lining thickness.

The material expediently has a high stiction in contact with the coupling means and a high elastic deformability. At the same time, the shear strength and the quality of the connection to the body should be sufficient to transmit the release torque. In addition, a high time stability should also be present under the given environmental influences. The rubber-like properties also create a damping effect when triggered, which contributes to material protection, especially at high speeds.

If an elastic material is used, which also has a friction-promoting effect, the response can be improved and the reliability of the response can be increased. The elasticity and the friction of the material can be selected so that a rotation of the trigger wheel takes place safely as soon as a predetermined loading of the trigger wheel takes place by the coupling means. The ratio of elasticity and friction can be specified so that a tolerance compensation of component sizes and a safe triggering of the trigger wheel are possible. The tripping wheel in turn can actuate a release lever for triggering a cable brake and / or a switch for de-energized switching of the elevator drive.

It has been recognized that contrary to expectations, even in elevator construction, where harsh environmental conditions prevail in the shaft and large forces act, elastic material can be deliberately used to achieve certain advantages. As an elastic material with suitable properties Vulkollan can be used for example. Likewise, other elastomers based plastics can be used.

Advantageously, the trigger wheel on a tire or covering of the elastic material. In this way, the material can be easily provided between the trigger wheel and coupling means and, for example, in the case of wear also replaced. Alternatively or additionally, the coupling means may be provided with the elastic material.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the flyweight simultaneously represent the coupling means. In this preferred solution, at least two additional components and their connection means can be saved with each other. The design of the tripping device becomes simpler and cheaper. The design is kinematically and statically determined, which increases the tolerance ranges to be complied with. The coupling agents acting as flyweight compounds (or the flyweights acting as coupling agents) expediently have a coupling region for loading or contacting the trigger wheel and a weight range. The weight range is expediently designed so that it does not come into contact with the trigger wheel and that it is suitable for receiving separate additional weights. These separate additional weights are used to set the release speed of the release device.

If the edge of the coupling means at least partially in the form of an Archimedean spiral, gently applying the trigger wheel without jerk occurs with moderate increase in force. The correspondingly shaped edge of the coupling means is expediently in the area designated above as a coupling region. In particular, in this embodiment, the provision of an elastic material can develop particular advantages, since the acting as flyweight coupling means depending on the release speed may possibly have different shapes, so that the distance of the edge of the coupling means from the trigger wheel, if necessary, depends on the design of the limiter , These different distances can be compensated for while maintaining all other structural sizes by the elastic material.

If the coupling means have a nose which defines an end stop, an excessive loading of the trigger wheel by the coupling means can be avoided. At the beginning of the tripping process, the tripping wheel is at rest. However, the coupling means rotate around the trigger wheel at the speed of the governor wheel, being deflected about its own axis depending on the speed of rotation of the governor wheel. The coupling means are expediently so arranged that the rotation or deflection about its own axis when applied to the trigger wheel leads to a self-boosting of the admission. This self-energizing continues until the trigger wheel has reached the rotational speed of the governor wheel. However, in order to avoid excessive screwing the coupling agent, these are expediently equipped with an end stop. If this strikes against the trigger wheel, no further screwing can take place.

Conveniently, the flyweights are coupled to each other by means of a cable connection and tensioned spring loaded, so that there is a linear relationship between the spring load and the deflection of the flyweight. The flyweights are arranged in pairs on the governor wheel and connected by a cable connection to compensate for gravitational effects. Furthermore, they are biased against the centrifugal force so that sufficient for an actuation of the trigger wheel deflection of the flyweight takes place only when reaching the triggering speed. Conveniently, the flyweight and the spring are dimensioned so that below the release speed no deflection of the flyweight takes place. In this way, the components mentioned during normal operation remain at rest, so that no wear takes place. By the spring-biased cable connection, a linear relationship between the spring load and deflection of the flyweight can be provided so that the desired release speed is set in a very simple manner.

Advantageously, the flyweights are arranged on the governor wheel so that the center of gravity of the flyweights has a smaller distance from the axis of rotation of the governor wheel than the distance of the axis of rotation of the flyweights from the axis of rotation of the Bagrenzerrads. In other words, the center of gravity of the flyweights is closer to the axis of rotation of the governor than its own axis of rotation. This arrangement results in that the response speed of the triggering device depends on the rotational acceleration of the rotary wheel in so far as an acceleration of the governor wheel leads to a faster response of the triggering device. This behavior is particularly advantageous for rope breakage, since there is a large acceleration of the car down and so a possible early release is desirable.

If the governor wheel is provided with a central co-rotating shaft, this can serve, for example, as a mounting space for other units. In particular, so encoders u.ä. simply be placed in an elevator system.

An inventive speed limiter for an elevator is equipped with a tripping device according to the invention for triggering a cable brake and / or for actuating a switch for stopping an elevator drive.

An advantageous cable brake comprises a four-link coupling gear, in particular a sliding crank. Thus, a large leverage can be generated, so that a large braking force, which, for example, from a cocked Spring can be provided, can be held by a small release force. This small release force is absorbed by the trigger wheel.

Conveniently, the rope brake comprises an eccentric crank, in particular, the eccentricity is greater than the crank length.

Advantageously, the joint connecting the crank and the connecting rod presses on the trigger wheel via a release lever. The trigger is held in a metastable state on the trigger wheel. The joint is thereby pushed through, so that the rope brake is released. Triggers the triggering device, the trigger wheel is set in rotation, thereby pushing the release lever away. Thus, the joint can move, so that the connecting rod can move up and the rope brake closes.

To save space, it is advisable to bias the rope brake by means of at least one plate spring. For easy ventilation of the rope brake, a screw arrangement may be provided, in which, for example, by means of a screw or nut to be screwed, a transmission element located behind it, such as, for example, a washer, clamps the spring (plate spring, spiral spring, etc.).

Advantageously, the Begrenzerrad be equipped on both sides. Flywheels with a trigger wheel for releasing the rope brake are seated on one side, whereas flywheels and a trigger wheel for actuating an electrical switch are arranged on the other side. The two-sided design can be different Triggering speeds for the rope brake and the electrical switch are provided and adjusted. In particular, the parameters required by standard elevator standards "release speed" (mechanical emergency stop) and "pre-switch-off speed" (electrical emergency stop) can thereby be set independently of one another.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The invention is illustrated schematically with reference to an embodiment in the drawing and will be described in detail below with reference to the drawing.

figure description

Figur 1

eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer erfindungs- gemäßen Auslösevorrichtung in einer schematischen Draufsicht.

Figur 2

die Auslösevorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht.

Figur 3

eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfin- dungsgemäßen Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzers mit einer Auslösevorrichtung und einer Seilbremse.

It shows

FIG. 1

a preferred embodiment of a tripping device according to the invention in a schematic plan view.

FIG. 2

the triggering device according to FIG. 1 in a schematic side view.

FIG. 3

A preferred embodiment of an inventive speed limiter with a tripping device and a rope brake.

In the FIGS. 1 to 3 the same elements are provided with the same reference numerals. The FIGS. 1 and 2 are described in a coherent and comprehensive way. In FIG. 1 are components of a preferred embodiment of a tripping device 100 according to the invention in a plan view and in FIG. 2 shown schematically in a side view.

The triggering device 100 has a carrier 101 on which in particular the elements to be triggered, such as. As a rope brake or an electrical switch can be attached. On the holder 101, a Begrenzerrad 102 is rotatably mounted, which is offset by a limiter cable 103 in operation in rotation. The Begrenzerrad 102 is rotatably mounted on a bearing 110. The Begrenzerrad 102 has two axes 104a, 104b rotatably mounted flyweights 105a, 105b, which act simultaneously as a coupling agent.

In the illustrated basic position, the flyweights are not deflected and do not act on the trigger wheel. The flyweights 105a, 105b each have a coupling region 106a, 106b and a nose 107a, 107b defining a stop. Furthermore, the fly weights 105a, 105b have attachable and removable additional weights 108a, 108b to set the release speed of the triggering device 100.

The flyweight / coupling means 105a, 105b are connected by means of a cable connection 200, which is biased by a spring 201. Thus, a predetermined centrifugal force must be achieved to overcome the spring biasing force. The spring biasing force is expediently predetermined so that the flyweights / coupling means 105a, 105b remain at rest during normal operation and are not deflected. This wear and disturbing noises, especially rattles can be avoided. The cable connection 200 is used in particular for gravity compensation.

The Begrenzerrad 102 is rotatably connected to a central shaft 111 which rotates synchronously with the Begrenzerrad and can be used for example for receiving a rotary encoder. Thus, in a simple manner, the rotational speed of the governor wheel can be scanned electronically, for example.

On the bearing 110, a trigger wheel 120 is also rotatably mounted, which is at rest during operation in the untripped condition. The trigger wheel 120 has a ring 121 made of elastic material, which serves in particular to compensate for tolerances and for friction mediation.

In the illustrated, untripped condition (basic position), the flyweights / coupling means 105a, 105b are not deflected and therefore are not in contact with the trigger wheel 120. However, if the rotational speed of the governor wheel 102 exceeds the predetermined release speed, the flyweights / coupling means 105a, 105b are counteracted deflected the force of the spring 201 and approach the trigger wheel to the touch. Depending on Distance is necessary for a swivel angle of up to 30 °. Finally, the coupling regions 106a, 106b come into contact with the elastic material 121 of the Begrenzerrads 120. In the further course, the flyweight / coupling means 105a, 105b roll through the static friction automatically on until the release torque is reached. In this way, the rotational movement of the Begrenzerrads 102 is transmitted to the trigger wheel 120, which is set in the sequence in a rotational movement. From a swivel angle of about 70 ° further rolling is prevented by the impact of specially shaped noses. Due to this limitation of the maximum pivot angle, the flyweights / coupling means are prevented from penetrating and at the same time the system is protected against overloading. The impact of the formed on each flyweight / coupling agent nose 107a and 107b on the trigger wheel 120 causes a significant shift of the force application point. As a result, the ratio between the normal force and the static friction force required for further agitation changes so much that slippage occurs. The system is designed so that the release torque has already been safely exceeded at this point. The further increase of the moment due to the inertia of the trigger wheel 120 is already greatly reduced by the damping effect of the elastic lining 121 and limited by the sliding upwards.

A rotational movement of the trigger wheel 120 in turn can be used to trigger a variety of functions, such as an electric switch or a rope brake, as described below FIG. 3 will be used.

In FIG. 3 a preferred embodiment of a speed limiter 300 according to the invention is shown in a plan view, which has the triggering device 100 and a particularly preferred embodiment 400 of a rope brake. The cable brake 400 comprises a four-link coupling mechanism configured as a sliding crank 410 and a clamping brake 420 prestressed by means of a disk spring arrangement 421. The clamping brake 420 has a rigid brake shoe 424 and a movable brake shoe 422 which is connected by a connecting rod 411 of the crank 410 against the force of the disk spring 421 is held.

A trip lever 412 is in a metastable position on a pin 430 and the trigger wheel 120 at. The crank 413 is rotatably mounted on an axle 414 and connected at a joint 415 with the connecting rod 411 and the release lever 412. In the released position of the brake 400, the trip lever 412 pushes down the hinge 415 in the view shown so that the connecting rod 411 pushes the brake shoes 422 to the right.

However, when the trigger wheel 120 is rotated (clockwise) by engagement with the coupling means 105a, 105b, the trigger lever 412 on the trigger wheel is pushed to the left in the drawing, thereby releasing the hinge 415 and allowing it to move up to the left. As a result, the plate spring 421 pushes the brake shoes 422 against the brake shoe 424 and clamps the rope 103 running therebetween.

To return a once triggered limiter in a simple way back to the normal position, the plate spring package 421 with a threaded assembly 423 provided by the operation of the plate spring package 421 can be biased. Thus, the force acting on the brake shoes 422 force is released, so that the connecting rod 411 and the release lever 412 can be brought back into the position shown. For safety reasons, it must then be ensured that the threaded arrangement 423 is released again in order to pretension the brake shoes 422.

According to the invention, a trigger device for a speed limiter of an elevator installation can be provided which has a number of advantages. The special design leads to a robustness, which allows usual manufacturing tolerances without adverse effect. It is kinematically and statically determined and places less demands on the manufacturing accuracy. The process capability is given. Smaller and lighter parts can be used, simplifying manufacturing and reducing costs. Compared to known limiters, the device is small, light, durable and low in noise.

Claims (13)

1. Actuator (100) for a speed governor (300) of a lift system, comprising
   a governor wheel (102) equipped with at least two inertia masses (105a, 105b) which can be driven by an encircling governor cable (103),
   an actuator wheel (120) that is stationary in a basic position,
   coupling means (105a, 105b) that act on the actuator wheel (120) when the governor wheel (102) reaches an actuating speed and thus couple to the governor wheel (102) in such a way that the actuator wheel (120) is set in rotation,
   an elastic material that preferably imparts high friction being provided between the coupling means (105a, 105b) and the actuator wheel (120),
   characterised in that
   the actuator wheel (120) has a lining or rim (121) composed of the elastic material, and/or the coupling means (105a, 105b) are equipped with the elastic material.
2. Actuator (100) according to claim 1, wherein the inertia masses (105a, 105b) are simultaneously the coupling means (105a, 105b).
3. Actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one coupling region (106a, 106b) of the edge of the coupling means (105a, 105b) is in the form of an Archimedean screw.
4. Actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling means (105a, 105b) each comprise a lug (107a, 107b) which defines an end stop.
5. Actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inertia masses (105a, 105b) are coupled to one another by a cable connection (200) and are springloaded under tension, so that there is a linear correlation between the spring loading (102) and the deflection of the inertia masses (105a, 105b).
6. Actuator (100) according to claim 5, wherein the inertia masses (105a, 105b) and the spring (201) are of such dimensions that there is no deflection of the inertia masses below the actuation speed.
7. Actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the centre of gravity of an inertia mass (105a, 105b) is at a spacing from the rotation axis (111) of the governor wheel (102) that is less than the spacing of the rotation axis (104a, 104b) of the inertia mass from the rotation axis (111) of the governor wheel (102).
8. Actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the governor wheel (102) is provided with a central co-rotating shaft (111).
9. Speed governor (300) for a lift having an actuator (100) according to one of the preceding claims, for actuating a cable brake (400) and/or for actuating a switch for stopping a lift drive.
10. Speed governor (300) according to claim 9, wherein the cable brake (400) comprises a four-member linkage, particularly a thrust crank (410).
11. Speed governor (300) according to claim 10, wherein the cable brake (400) comprises an eccentric thrust crank (410), the eccentricity being, in particular, greater than the length of the crank.
12. Speed governor (300) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the joint (415) that connects the crank (413) and the connecting rod (411) presses on the actuator wheel (12) via an actuator lever (412).
13. Speed governor (300) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the cable brake (400) can be released by a thread arrangement (423).

Images