EP2316532B1 - Abseiling device with wind function - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a descender with a winch device, a rotatably mounted main axis on which a pulley for slip-proof guiding a traction means is rotatably disposed, and a force-transmitting connected to the pulley Abseilvorrichtung which formed to hold a constant abseiling of a hanging on the traction load wherein the winch device comprises an actuator connected to the sheave for manually rotating the sheave via a power transmission path, wherein at least one ratchet device is disposed in a force transmission path between the actuator of the winch device and the sheave, the ratchet device at least between a first state and a second state is switchable, wherein in the first state of the ratchet device in a first direction of rotation of the actuating device on the respective ratchet before direction is force-transmitting connected to the sheave and in an opposite second direction of rotation of the actuator this is freely rotatable relative to the pulley, wherein the actuating device has at least one lever arm, which is arranged such that this lever arm on the ratchet device rotational forces in the power transmission path between the sheave and the actuator initiates, according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the EP 1 758 656 B1 a descender with winch function is known, which is a rotatably mounted in both directions leadership role for slip-proof management of a traction device, a transmission gear with centrifugal brake whose large gear is mounted torque safe on a common shaft with the guide roller, and one on the drive shaft of the small gear of the transmission gear engaging hand crank for manual operation of the winch function comprises. The common shaft of leadership and large gear is positively locked. This Verrieglung example, by means of a gun. The hand crank has a handle. The handle can be folded into the housing of the hand crank, so that in the Abseilvorrichtung the handle does not protrude from the contour of the hand wheel, which is a risk of injury or relevant in view of the possible high speeds risk of causing an imbalance to be avoided. However, this device has the disadvantage that it can easily lead to operating errors if it is forgotten before abseiling to fold the handle.

pamphlet WO 92/07626 A1 relates to a collecting device with a drum on which a rope is arranged, wherein the drum is provided with a brake which automatically stops the drum when the drum exceeds a predetermined unwinding speed. In addition, a winch mechanism is provided to selectively rotate the drum for either lifting or lowering a load. The winch mechanism cooperates with a braking means comprising a permanent friction brake and a one-way torque clutch. When the winch mechanism is in operation, the one-way torque clutch prevents unwinding of the drum. The winch mechanism includes a ratchet device with lever arm, which is mechanically connected via a square axle with gear non-positively via an external toothing on the drum with this. To put out of operation of the winch mechanism, the square axle is displaced in the axial direction, so that the gear is disengaged from the external teeth on the drum. The ratchet device is switchable between two states, wherein in a first state, the lever arm rotates the drum in one direction and in the other state in the other direction, so that the drum at a back and herschwenkenden or oscillating movement of the lever arm selectively performs a winding or unwinding. To separate the frictional connection between the lever arm and the drum, the square axle is moved in the axial direction, wherein a meshing engagement between the gear and the external teeth on the drum 1 is released.

The invention is based on the object, a descender of o.g. To simplify the type of mechanical construction and operation.

This object is achieved by a descender o.g. Art solved with the features characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the further claims.

In a descender of the o.g. It is inventively provided that in the second state of the respective ratchet device, the pawls are disengaged from the toothing of the gear, so that the ratchet device is freely rotatable relative to the sheave in the first and second rotational direction of the actuator.

This has the advantage that the winch function of the abseiling device is realized in a mechanically particularly simple manner, wherein the lever arms are decoupled from the rotation of the sheave by the freewheeling function in the second state, so that these lever arms do not rotate in the function of abseiling ,

A direction-independent descender is available in that the ratchet device is additionally switchable to a third state, wherein in the third state of the ratchet device in the second rotational direction of the actuator via the respective ratchet device is force-transmitting connected to the sheave and in the opposite first direction of rotation Actuating this is freely rotatable relative to the pulley.

An undesirable turning of the actuating element and in particular of the or the lever arms of the actuating element of the winch device in a rappelling with the abseiling device by means of Abseilvorrichtung is thereby effectively prevented even without a manual switching the ratchet device in the second state by a user that provided a switching device is, which automatically switches the ratchet device to the second state when the ratchet device is in the first or third state and when the pulley rotates due to a force acting on it by the traction means alone. This eliminates a potential risk of injury to a user of the descender, if he / she uses the abseiling device, for example, by misoperation, without having previously manually switched to the freewheel for the winch device according to the second condition. A risk of injury due to faulty operation when switching from winch operation to descent operation is effectively eliminated.

A particularly compact descender with low space requirement is achieved by the fact that the abseiling device is connected to the pulley via the main axis.

A particularly large feed of the traction means in the function of the winch device with each movement of the actuator is achieved by the fact that the ratchet device is arranged on the main axis.

A particularly simple and intuitively easy operation of the descender is achieved by two ratchet devices are arranged on opposite sides of the pulley on the descender.

A two-handed operability of the winch device is achieved by the fact that two ratchet devices are provided, each with a lever arm.

A mechanically particularly simple and functionally reliable ratchet device is achieved in that at least one ratchet device has a housing on which the lever arm is arranged, and a toothed gear which rotatably connected to the power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley, in particular rotationally fixed with the Main axis, is connected, wherein in the housing at least a first and a second pawl are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear and the pawls are formed and arranged such that in the first state of the ratchet device, the first pawl in the toothing of the gear engages and the second pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the first rotational direction, the first pawl against the toothing abutting the housing rotatably connected to the gear and in the second direction of rotation, the first pawl on inclined flanks of the teeth of the gear sliding the connection between Housing and gear triggers that engages in the third state of the ratchet device, the second pawl in the toothing of the gear and the first pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the second direction of rotation, the second pawl on the toothing striking the housing rotationally fixed to the gear connects and in the first direction of rotation, the second pawl slidably over oblique edges of the toothing of the gear triggers the connection between the housing and gear, and that in the second state of the ratchet device, the first and the second pawl are spaced from the gear.

A simple switching between the various states of the ratchet device is achieved in that a pivotable adjusting lever is provided on the housing, which pivots the pawls in the first, second or third state by pivoting relative to the housing in three pivotal positions.

A particularly reliable switching is achieved in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which is chamfered seen in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess optionally the first or the second pawl engages, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess in the Interlocking of the gear engages.

A particularly simple and quick switching of the ratchet device in the freewheel of the second state without the risk of incorrect operation obtained by the fact that the adjusting lever is additionally mounted displaceably in the axial direction in the housing, wherein the adjusting lever is designed such that an axial movement of the adjusting lever the pawls transferred regardless of the current pivot position of the adjusting lever in the second state.

A particularly simple and reliable transfer of the pawls in the second state at axial displacement of the adjusting lever is achieved in that the recess is formed chamfered at least one end in the axial direction.

An automatic switching of the ratchet device in the freewheel of the second state after the latest one full rotation of the lever by 360 degrees achieved by the fact that on the descender a survey is designed and arranged such that this elevation shifts the adjustment lever in the axial direction when the housing the ratchet device passes the point of elevation. As a result, in any case, the switch to the freewheel when a person abseil with the descender and forgets to switch the ratchet device in the freewheel of the second state, so that the lever arm during rappelling does not rotate with the pulley, so that a corresponding Risk of injury by a freely rotating lever arm is effectively avoided.

A mechanically particularly simple and at the same time functionally reliable abseiling device is achieved in that the abseiling a transmission gear with a force-transmitting connected to the pulley large gear, meshing with the large gear small gear, which has a smaller diameter than the large gear, and one with the having small gear force transmitting connected braking device, which is designed for example as a centrifugal brake.

A simple locking of the pulley relative to a housing of the abseiling device for actuating the lever arm of the ratchet device in the respective released direction of rotation of the first or third state, in which the actuator is freely rotatable relative to the sheave, achieved by providing an additional ratchet device is provided which is rotatably connected to a housing of the abseiling device and force transmitting to the sheave and is selectively switchable to a fourth state or fifth state, wherein in the fourth state, the additional ratchet device corresponds to the sheave in a first sheave rotation direction, which corresponds to the first direction of rotation of the actuator , free and in a second pulley rotation direction, which corresponds to the second rotational direction of the actuating device, fixed relative to the housing, wherein in the fifth state, the additional ratchet device releases the sheave in the second sheave rotation direction and fixed in the first sheave rotation direction relative to the housing.

A mechanically particularly simple and functionally reliable additional ratchet device is achieved by the fact that the additional ratchet device, a housing which is rotatably mounted on a housing of the descender, and a gear with toothing, which is rotatably connected to the main axis has, wherein in the housing Ratchet device at least a first and a second pawl are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear and the pawls are designed and arranged such that in the fourth state of the additional ratchet device, the second pawl engages the toothing of the gear and the first pawl is spaced from the gear in such a way that, in the second pulley rotation direction, the second pawl abutting against the toothing rotatably connects the housing to the toothed wheel and, in the first pulley rotation direction, sliding the second pawl over oblique flanks of the toothing of the toothed wheel d The connection between the housing and gear triggers, and that in the fifth state of the additional ratchet device engages the first pawl in the toothing of the gear and the second pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the first pulley rotation direction, the first pawl on the toothing striking the housing of the ratchet device rotatably connected to the gear and in the second pulley rotation direction, the first pawl slidably over oblique edges of the toothing of the gear triggers the connection between the housing and gear.

An influence on the function of the abseiling device by the additional ratchet device, if only the abseiling device is to be used for abseiling, is eliminated in that the additional ratchet device is further switchable to a sixth state, wherein in the sixth state of the additional ratchet device the first and the second pawl are spaced from the gear, so that the main axis is free to rotate in both directions of rotation relative to the housing of the abseiling device.

A simple switching between the different states of the additional ratchet device is achieved in that the housing of the additional ratchet device, a pivotable adjusting lever is provided which pivots the pawls in the fourth, fifth or sixth state by pivoting relative to the housing in corresponding pivot positions.

A particularly reliable switching is achieved in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which is chamfered seen in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess optionally engage the first or the second pawl, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess in the Interlocking of the gear engages.

A decoupling and more uniform distribution of the forces introduced on the main axis are achieved by the fact that the additional ratchet device is arranged outside the power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley on the main axis.

Fig. 1

eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abseilgerätes in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in Frontansicht,

Fig. 3

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 5

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Längsschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 6

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Längsschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 7

eine Knarrenvorrichtung des Abseilgerätes gemäß Fig. 1 in einem ersten Zustand in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 8

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in dem ersten Zustand in einer Längsschnittdarstellung entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in einem zweiten Zustand in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 10

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in dem zweiten Zustand in einer Längsschnittdarstellung entlang Linie B-B von Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

einen Verstellhebel der Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 12

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in einer weiteren perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 13

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in Seitenansicht und

Fig. 14

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in Aufsicht.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in:

Fig. 1

a preferred embodiment of a descender according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

the descender according to Fig. 1 in front view,

Fig. 3

the descender according to Fig. 1 in side view,

Fig. 4

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 5

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a longitudinal section,

Fig. 6

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a perspective longitudinal section,

Fig. 7

a ratchet device of the descender according to Fig. 1 in a first state in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 8

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in the first state in a longitudinal section along line AA of Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in a second state in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 10

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in the second state in a longitudinal section along line BB of FIG Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

an adjusting lever of the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in perspective,

Fig. 12

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in a further perspective view,

Fig. 13

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in side view and

Fig. 14

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in supervision.

The in the Fig. 1 to 6 illustrated, preferred embodiment of a descender according to the invention comprises a descender housing 10 in which a main axis 12 is rotatably mounted. With the main axis 12, a pulley 14 is rotatably connected, via which a traction means (not shown), such as a rope, is guided substantially slip-free. The descender has a descender 16 with a transmission gear with a with the pulley on the main axis 12 force-transmitting connected large gear 18, a meshing with the large gear 18 small gear 20 (only schematically in FIG Fig. 4 shown), which has a smaller diameter than the large gear 18, and a force-transmitting connected to the small gear 20 braking device 22 (only schematically in FIG Fig. 4 shown), the For example, as a centrifugal brake is designed such that it adjusts a constant speed of the pulley 14 when a load on the traction means by means of the abseiling device 16 of the abseiling device is lowered or is roped.

Furthermore, the descender has a winch device comprising two ratchet devices 24, which are arranged on the main axis 12 on both sides of the sheave 12 and rotatable relative to the Abseilgerät housing 10. The winch device is used for manual rotation of the sheave 14 by a person hanging on the descender so that this person can pull up by means of the descender contrary to the direction of gravity.

The mechanical structure and the function of the ratchet devices 24 are in particular from the Fig. 5 to 10 seen. Each ratchet device 24 comprises a ratchet housing 26 on which a lever arm 28 (only indicated in the figures) is arranged as an actuating element of the winch device. This lever arm may for example be designed as a handwheel with handle. Preferably, this lever arm 28 is formed as a rod which is formed at a free end as a handle. Furthermore, each ratchet device 24, a toothed gear 30 which is rotatably connected to the main axis 12, which is a power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device or the rattle device 24 and the winch device and the pulley 16 is connected. In the ratchet housing 26, a first pawl 32 and a second pawl 34 are pivotally mounted. The toothing of the gear 30 is formed with circumferentially bevelled flanks. Each of the pawls 32, 34 is pivotally supported between two positions in the ratchet housing 26, wherein in a first position, the respective pawl 32, 34 engages the toothing of the gear 30 and in a second position, the respective pawl of the toothing of the Gear 30 is spaced or pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. In the FIGS. 7 and 8 the first pawl 32 is in the first position and the second pawl is in the second position. In the FIGS. 9 and 10 Both pawls 32, 34 are in the second position. It is an elastic spring device (not shown) is provided, which act on the pawls 32, 34 in the direction of the first position with an elastic spring force. One below more detail, the actuating mechanism for the pawls 32, 34 is formed such that there are only three states for the combination of the arrangement of the pawls 32, 34 in the first and second positions. In a first state of the ratchet device 24, the first pawl 32 is pivoted to the first position and the second pawl 34 is pivoted to the second position as in FIG FIGS. 7 and 8 shown. In a third state, the first pawl 32 is pivoted to the second position and the second pawl 34 in the first position. In a second state, both pawls 32, 34 are pivoted to the second position, as in FIG FIGS. 9 and 10 shown. In this way, only a maximum of one of the two pawls 32, 34 is pivoted to the first position.

Hereinafter, the term "rotation of the gear 30" is used synonymously for a rotation of the main shaft 12 and the pulley 14 in the corresponding direction of rotation or the lever arm 28 and the winch device in the opposite direction of rotation.

In the first state of the ratchet device 24, as in FIG FIGS. 7 and 8 shown, upon rotation of the gear 30 in a second rotational direction 36, the first pawl 32 abuts a tooth of the toothing of the gear 30. Since the first pawl 32 is supported on the ratchet housing 26 at the same time, a rotation of the gear 30 relative to the ratchet housing 26 in the second direction of rotation 36 is blocked. This results in a rotation of the lever arm 28 and the ratchet housing 26 in an opposite first direction of rotation 38 to a force transmission to the gear 30 and thus to a rotation of the gear 30 in the first direction of rotation 38. Upon rotation of the gear 30 in the opposite, first Direction of rotation 38 slides the first pawl 32 on the sloping flanks of the teeth of the gear 30, so that in this first rotational direction 38, the gear 30 with the main axis 12 and the sheave 14 free rotates relative to the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28. In other words, the main shaft 12 can rotate in the first direction of rotation 38, without the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28 rotates. In the first state of the ratchet device 24 according to the FIGS. 7 and 8 Thus, with the lever arm 28, the main axis 12 can be manually rotated in the first direction of rotation 38, while upon rotation of the lever arm 28 and the ratchet housing 26 in the second Direction of rotation 36 for a next feed without rotation of the main axis 12 can be made. Of course, the latter presupposes that the main axis 12 is blocked elsewhere against rotation in the second direction of rotation 36. This is done, for example, by the ratchet device 24 disposed on the main axis 12 opposite. For the third state, the preceding explanation applies analogously, with only the directions of rotation correspondingly reversed and the arrangement of the pawls 32, 34 is reversed, ie the second pawl 34 engages in the Teeth of the gear 30 and the first locking blade is pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30.

In the in FIGS. 9 and 10 shown second state of the ratchet device 24, the gear 30 with the main axis 12 and the pulley 14 in both directions of rotation 36, 38 freely rotatable relative to the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28, since both pawls 32, 34 out of engagement with the teeth of the gear 30 are arranged or pivoted. This is referred to below as "freewheeling." This freewheeling of the second state is provided in the event that the winch device of the abseiling device is not used and instead the person hanging from the descender is lowered by means of the abseiling device 16. In this case, the sheave 14 rotates Due to the slip-free passage of the traction means and thus the main axis 12 and the gear 30 during rappelling, if a force-transmitting connection existed in the corresponding direction of rotation between the gear 30 and the ratchet housing 26, the lever arms 28 of the two ratchet devices 24 would also rappel The lever arms 28 could strike the person to be separated and injure them accordingly, which is prevented by the freewheel.

For pivoting the pawls 32, 34 and for switching between the first, second and third state, a relatively pivotable from the ratchet housing 26 adjusting lever 40 is provided on the ratchet housing 26. The formation of the adjusting lever 40 is in the Fig. 11 to 14 shown. The adjusting lever 40 has a switching pin 42 and a non-rotatably associated actuating lever 44 for manual pivoting of the adjusting lever 40. The switching pin 42 has on its surface a first recess 46 which has in the circumferential direction of the switching pin 42 oblique edges. In the direction of a free, remote from the actuating lever 44 end of the switching pin 42, the first recess in the axial direction with respect to the switching pin 42 is pointed and here also has oblique edges. The switching pin 42 also has on its surface a second recess 48 with two locking grooves 50 formed therein.

As in particular from FIGS. 7 and 9 can be seen, depending on the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40 either either one of the two pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46 or it does not engage the two pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46. If one of the two pawls 32, 34 in the first Recess 46 of the adjusting lever 40 engages, this pawl 32, 34 abuts the toothing of the gear 30 at. The corresponding other pawl 34, 32 rests on the surface of the switching pin 42 and is thereby pivoted away from the toothing of the gear 30. In the first state of the ratchet device, as in Fig. 7 illustrated, the first pawl 32 engages in the first recess 46 and the second pawl 34 abuts the surface of the switching pin 42, so that the first pawl 32 engages in the toothing of the gear 30. In the third state, not shown, this is correspondingly reversed analogously for the two pawls 32, 34. For this purpose, the adjusting lever 40 is simply pivoted by means of the actuating lever 44, so that the second pawl 34 engages in the first recess 46 and the first pawl 32 rests on the surface of the switching pin 42. In the second state, as in FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrated, the adjusting lever 40 is pivoted so that none of the pawls 32, 34 engages in the first recess 46, so that both pawls 32, 34 abut the surface of the switching pin 42 and are pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. The pivoting of the adjusting lever 40 with the corresponding entry and exit of the pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46 into or out of the first recess 46 is supported by the oblique edge formed in the circumferential direction in the first recess.

Alternatively, the adjusting lever 40 is designed such that either one or both pawls 32, 34 engage in the recess 46. In this case can not be switched by means of pivoting the locking lever alone in the freewheel. Instead, in the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40, in which both pawls 32, 34 engage in the recess 46, the gear 30 rotatably connected in all directions of rotation with the ratchet housing 26.

The adjusting lever 40 is not only pivotable in the ratchet housing 26, but also arranged displaceably in the axial direction with respect to the switching pin 42 between a first axial position and a second axial position. In FIGS. 7 and 8 the first axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is shown. This first axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is controlled by a pin 52 (FIG. Fig. 8, 10th ), which engages in one of the locking grooves 50. In this first axial position selectively engages or no pawl 32, 34 or one or both pawls 32, 34 in the first recess, depending on the pivot position of the adjusting, so depending on the pivotal position of the adjusting lever 40 optionally the first state, the third state or the second state (freewheel) or the above-described further state with rotatably connected in all directions with the ratchet housing 26 gear 30 of the ratchet device 24 is set.

In FIGS. 9 and 10 the second axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is shown. This second axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is also locked by the pin 52, which engages in the corresponding other of the two locking grooves 50. In this second axial position, the pawls 32, 34 are independent of the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40 always on the surface of the switching pin 42, so that always both pawls are pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. In this second axial position therefore always the freewheel or the second state of the ratchet device 24 is set.

This second axial position of the adjusting lever is used for automatically switching the ratchet device in the freewheel. For this purpose, on the descender housing 10, a survey 54 ( Fig. 1 to 3 and 5, 6 ) arranged with oblique edges such that the ratchet housing 26 with the point at which the adjusting lever 40th is located past the survey 54 when the housing rotates accordingly. At the same time, the switching pin 42 protrudes so far beyond the ratchet housing 26 in the direction of the descender housing 10 in the first axial position that the switching pin 42 abuts against the elevation 54. Now rotates the lever arm 28 with the ratchet housing 26 so far that the switching pin 42 abuts the survey 54, so is displaced by the survey 54 of the switching pin 42 from the first axial position to the second axial position. If in this case one or both pawls 32, 34 engage in the first recess, then this pawl 32, 34 slides over the sloping edge of the first recess 46 at its tapered end on the surface of the switching pin 42, so that one possibly before in the toothing of the gear 30 engaging pawl 32, 34 is pivoted to the second position in which this pawl 32, 34 is out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. The survey 54 thus automatically switches the ratchet device 24 in the freewheel. Since an elevation 54 is arranged on each side of the abseiling device housing 10, both ratchet devices 24 are automatically switched into freewheeling when the ratchet housings 26 or the lever arms 28 rotate freely with the sheave 14. This forced change into the freewheel is only canceled again when a user manually shifts the adjustment lever 40 back into the first axial position, in which it is possible to switch between the first, second and third states.

This automatic switching to the freewheel makes an additional lock for the pulley or the Abseilvorrichtung dispensable, because even if a user when using the lever arms 28 for manual pulling this just let go, turn the ratchet devices 24 after one revolution of the lever arms 24 and of the ratchet housing 26 in the freewheel. On the other hand, this automatic switching to the freewheel by the user can also be used to consciously go from the operation of the abseiling device as a winch without manual switching immediately in the abseiling over without the lever arms 28 longer than a maximum of one revolution with the sheave Turn 14 together.

Claims (21)

1. Abseiling device with a winch mechanism, a rotatably mounted main axis (12) on which a sheave (14) is arranged rotatably for slip-proof guidance of a traction means, and an abseiling mechanism (16), connected with the sheave (14) in a force-transmitting manner, which is configured to maintain a constant abseiling speed of the load suspended on the traction means, wherein the winch mechanism has an operating mechanism which is connected via a force transmission path with the sheave (14) for manual rotation of the sheave (14), wherein at least one ratchet mechanism (24) with a toothed gear wheel (30) and pawls (32, 34) is arranged in a force transmission path between the operating element of the winch mechanism and the sheave (14), wherein the ratchet mechanism (24) is switchable at least between a first state and a second state, wherein the gear wheel (30) and pawls (32, 34) are configured such that, in the first state of the ratchet mechanism (24), in a first direction of rotation (38) of the operating mechanism this is connected in a force-transmitting manner with the sheave (14) via the respective ratchet mechanism (24), and in an opposite second direction of rotation (36) of the operating mechanism this is freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14), wherein the operating mechanism has at least one lever arm (28) which is arranged such that this lever arm (28) introduces rotary forces into the force transmission path between the sheave (14) and the operating mechanism via the ratchet mechanism (24),
   characterised in that
   in the second state of the respective ratchet mechanism (24) the pawls (32, 34) are arranged out of engagement with the gearing of the gear wheel (30) so that the ratchet mechanism (24) is freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14) in the first and second direction of rotation (38, 36) of the operating mechanism.
2. Abseiling device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratchet mechanism (24) can be switched into a third state, wherein the gear wheel (30) and pawls (32, 34) are configured such that, in the third state of the ratchet mechanism (24), in the second direction of rotation (36) of the operating mechanism this is connected in a force-transmitting manner with the sheave (14) via the respective ratchet mechanism (24) and in the opposite first direction of rotation (38) of the operating mechanism this is freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14).
3. Abseiling device according to claim 2, characterised in that a switchover mechanism (40, 54) is provided which automatically switches the ratchet mechanism (24) into the second state if the ratchet mechanism (24) is in the first or third state and if the sheave (14) rotates solely as a result of force being applied to this through the traction means.
4. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the abseiling mechanism is connected with the sheave (14) via the main axis (12).
5. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratchet mechanism (24) is arranged on the main axis (12).
6. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two ratchet mechanisms (24) are arranged on the abseiling device on opposite sides relative to the sheave (14).
7. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two ratchet mechanisms (24) with in each case one lever arm (28) are provided.
8. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one ratchet mechanism (24) has a housing (26) on which the lever arm (28) is arranged, and the gear wheel (30) is connected non-rotatably with the force transmission path between the operating element of the winch mechanism and the sheave (14), in particular being connected non-rotatably with the main axis (12), wherein at least a first and a second pawl (32, 34) are arranged swivelably in the housing (26), wherein the gear wheel (30) and the pawls (32, 34) are configured and arranged such that in the first state of the ratchet mechanism (24) the first pawl (32) engages in the gearing of the gear wheel (30) and the second pawl (34) is spaced apart from the gear wheel (30), so that in the first direction of rotation (38) the first pawl (32), engaging with the gearing, connects the housing (26) non-rotatably with the gear wheel (30), and in the second direction of rotation (36) the first pawl (32), sliding over sloping flanks of the gearing of the gear wheel (30), releases the connection between housing (26) and gear wheel (30), that in the third state of the ratchet mechanism (24), the second pawl (34) engages in the gearing of the gear wheel (30) and the first pawl (32) is spaced apart from the gear wheel (30), so that in the second direction of rotation (36) the second pawl (34), engaging with the gearing, connects the housing (26) non-rotatably with the gear wheel (30) and in the first direction of rotation (38) the second pawl (34), sliding over sloping flanks of the gearing of the gear wheel (30), releases the connection between housing (26) and gear wheel (30), and that in the second state of the ratchet mechanism (24) the first and the second pawl (32, 34) are spaced apart from the gear wheel (30).
9. Abseiling device according to claim 8, characterised in that a swivelable adjusting lever (40) is provided on the housing (26) which, by swivelling relative to the housing (26), swivels the pawls (32, 34) into at least two, in particular three, swivel positions in the first or second state, in particular, additionally, in the third state.
10. Abseiling device according to claim 9, characterised in that the adjusting lever (40) has on its surface a recess (46) which, viewed in a circumferential direction, is bevelled, wherein the first or the second pawl (32, 34) engages, selectively, in the recess (46), wherein the pawl (32, 34) which engages in the recess (46) engages in the gearing of the gear wheel (30).
11. Abseiling device according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the adjusting lever (40) is, additionally, mounted so as to be displaceable in an axial direction within the housing (26), wherein the adjusting lever (40) is configured such that an axial movement of the adjusting lever (40) moves the pawls (32, 34) into the second state, independently of the current swivel position of the adjusting lever (40).
12. Abseiling device according to claim 10 and 11, characterised in that the recess (46) is bevelled in an axial direction at at least one end.
13. Abseiling device according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that a raised portion (54) is configured and arranged on the abseiling device such that this raised portion (54) displaces the adjusting lever (40) in an axial direction if the housing (26) of the ratchet mechanism (24) passes the location of the raised portion (54).
14. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the abseiling mechanism (16) has a transmission gearing with a large gear wheel (18), connected with the sheave (14) in a force-transmitting manner, a small gear wheel (20) meshing with the large gear wheel (18) which has a smaller diameter than the large gear wheel (18), and a braking device (22) connected with the small gear wheel (20) in a force-transmitting manner.
15. Abseiling device according to claim 14, characterised in that the braking device (22) is configured as a centrifugal brake.
16. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an additional ratchet mechanism is provided which is connected non-rotatably with a housing (26) of the abseiling device and is connected in a force-transmitting manner with the sheave (14), as well as being switchable, selectively, into a fourth state or fifth state, wherein in the fourth state the additional ratchet mechanism releases the sheave (14) in a first direction of rotation of the sheave which corresponds to the first direction of rotation (38) of the operating mechanism, and in a second direction of rotation of the sheave which corresponds to the second direction of rotation (36) of the operating mechanism fixes this relative to the housing (26), wherein in the fifth state the additional ratchet mechanism releases the sheave (14) in the second direction of rotation of the sheave and in the first direction of rotation of the sheave fixes this relative to the housing (26).
17. Abseiling device according to claim 16, characterised in that the additional ratchet mechanism has a housing which is arranged non-rotatably on a housing (10) of the abseiling device, and a toothed gear wheel which is connected non-rotatably with the main axis (12), wherein at least a first and a second pawl are arranged swivelably in the housing of the ratchet mechanism, wherein the gear wheel and the pawls are configured and arranged such that in the fourth state of the additional ratchet mechanism the second pawl engages in the gearing of the gear wheel and the first pawl is spaced apart from the gear wheel, so that in the second direction of rotation of the sheave the second pawl, engaging with the gearing, connects the housing non-rotatably with the gear wheel and in the first direction of rotation of the sheave the second pawl, sliding over sloping flanks of the gearing of the gear wheel, releases the connection between housing and gear wheel, and that in the fifth state of the additional ratchet mechanism the first pawl engages in the gearing of the gear wheel and the second pawl is spaced apart from the gear wheel, so that in the first direction of rotation of the sheave the first pawl, engaging with the gearing, connects the housing of the ratchet mechanism non-rotatably with the gear wheel and in the second direction of rotation of the sheave the first pawl, sliding over sloping flanks of the gearing of the gear wheel, releases the connection between housing and gear wheel.
18. Abseiling device according to claim 17, characterised in that the additional ratchet mechanism can also be switched into a sixth state, wherein in the sixth state of the additional ratchet mechanism the first and the second pawl are spaced apart from the gear wheel so that the main axis is freely rotatable in both directions of rotation relative to the housing of the abseiling device.
19. Abseiling device according to claim 18, characterised in that a swivelable adjusting lever is provided on the housing of the additional ratchet mechanism which, by swivelling relative to the housing into corresponding swivel positions, swivels the pawls into the fourth, fifth or sixth state.
20. Abseiling device according to claim 19, characterised in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which, viewed in a circumferential direction, is bevelled, wherein the first or the second pawl engage, selectively, in the recess, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess engages in the gearing of the gear wheel.
21. Abseiling device according to at least one of the claims 18 to 20, characterised in that the additional ratchet mechanism is arranged on the main axis (12), outside of the force transmission path, between the operating element of the winch mechanism and the sheave (14).

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