EP2316532A2 - Abseiling device with wind function - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a catch device (24) arranged between an actuating device of a winch device and a pulley wheel in a force transmission path. The catch device is switchable between two operating conditions, where the catch device is connected with the wheel in a force transmitting manner in one of the conditions. The catch device freely rotates relative to the pulley in another condition. The actuating device has a lever arm (28) that is arranged such that the lever arm discharges a rotary force into the force transmission path using the catch device.

Description

The present invention relates to a descender with a winch device, a rotatably mounted main axis on which a pulley for slip-proof guiding a traction means is rotatably arranged, and a force-transmitting connected to the pulley Abseilvorrichtung which formed to hold a constant abseiling of a hanging on the traction load is, wherein the winch device comprises an actuating device which is connected via a power transmission path with the pulley for manually rotating the pulley, according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the EP 1 758 656 B1 a descender with winch function is known, which is a rotatably mounted in both directions leadership role for slip-proof management of a traction device, a transmission gear with centrifugal brake whose large gear is mounted torque safe on a common shaft with the guide roller, and one on the drive shaft of the small gear of the transmission gear engaging hand crank for manual operation of the winch function comprises. The common shaft of leadership and large gear is positively locked. This locking is done, for example by means of a gun. The hand crank has a handle. The handle can be folded into the housing of the hand crank, so that in the Abseilvorrichtung the handle does not protrude from the contour of the hand wheel, which is a risk of injury or relevant in view of the possible high speeds risk of causing an imbalance to be avoided. However, this device has the disadvantage that it can easily lead to operating errors if it is forgotten before abseiling to fold the handle.

The invention is based on the object, a descender of o.g. To simplify the type of mechanical construction and operation.

This object is achieved by a descender o.g. Art solved with the features characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the further claims.

In a descender of the o.g. It is inventively provided that in a power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley at least one ratchet devices is arranged, wherein the ratchet device is switchable between a first state and a third state, wherein in the first state of the ratchet device in a first direction of rotation Actuating this is connected via the respective ratchet device force-transmitting with the sheave and in an opposite second direction of rotation of the actuator, this freely rotatable relative to the pulley, wherein in the third state of the respective ratchet device in the first and second rotational direction of the actuator, these freely rotatable relative to the sheave is and wherein the actuating device has at least one lever arm, which is arranged such that this lever arm on the ratchet device rotational forces in the Kraftübertragun gsweg between the pulley and the actuator initiates.

This has the advantage that the winch function of the abseiling device is realized in a mechanically particularly simple manner, wherein the lever arms are decoupled from the rotation of the sheave by the freewheeling function in the third state, so that these lever arms do not rotate in the function of abseiling ,

A direction-independent descender is available in that the ratchet device is additionally switchable to a second state, wherein in the second state of the ratchet device in the second direction of rotation of the actuator this is force-transmitting connected to the pulley via the respective ratchet device and in the opposite first direction of rotation Actuating this is freely rotatable relative to the pulley.

A particularly compact descender with low space requirement is achieved by the fact that the abseiling device is connected to the pulley via the main axis.

A particularly large feed of the traction means in the function of the winch device with each movement of the actuator is achieved by the fact that the ratchet device is arranged on the main axis.

A particularly simple and intuitively easy operation of the descender is achieved by two ratchet devices are arranged on opposite sides of the pulley on the descender.

A two-handed operability of the winch device is achieved by the fact that two ratchet devices are provided, each with a lever arm.

An undesired turning of the actuating element and in particular of the or the lever arms of the actuating element of the winch device when abseiling with the abseiling device by means of the abseiling device is effectively prevented even without a manual change of the ratchet device in the third state by a user that a switching device is provided which automatically switches the ratchet device to the third state when the ratchet device is in the first or second state and when the pulley rotates on the traction means solely due to a force applied thereto. This eliminates a potential risk of injury to a user of the abseil device, if it uses the abseiling device, for example by a faulty operation, without first entering the freewheel for the winch device to have switched manually according to the third state. A risk of injury due to faulty operation when switching from winch operation to descent operation is effectively eliminated.

A mechanically particularly simple and functionally reliable ratchet device is achieved in that at least one ratchet device has a housing on which the lever arm is arranged, and a toothed gear which rotatably connected to the power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley, in particular rotationally fixed with the Main axis, is connected, wherein in the housing at least a first and a second pawl are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear and the pawls are formed and arranged such that in the first state of the ratchet device engages the first pawl in the toothing of the gear and the second pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the first rotational direction, the first pawl against the toothing abutting the housing rotatably connected to the gear and in the second rotational direction, the first pawl on inclined flanks of the teeth of the Zahnra the sliding between the housing and gear triggers that engages in the second state of the ratchet device, the second pawl in the toothing of the gear and the first pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the second rotational direction, the second pawl to the toothing striking the Housing rotatably connected to the gear and in the first rotational direction, the second pawl slidably over oblique edges of the toothing of the gear triggers the connection between the housing and gear, and that in the third state of the ratchet device, the first and the second pawl are spaced from the gear.

A simple switching between the various states of the ratchet device is achieved in that a pivotable adjusting lever is provided on the housing, which pivots the pawls in the first, second or third state by pivoting relative to the housing in three pivotal positions.

A particularly reliable switching is achieved in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which is chamfered seen in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess optionally the first or the second pawl engages, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess in the Interlocking of the gear engages.

A particularly simple and quick switching of the ratchet device in the freewheel of the third state without the risk of incorrect operation is achieved by the fact that the adjusting lever is additionally slidably mounted in the housing in the axial direction, wherein the adjusting lever is designed such that an axial movement of the adjusting lever the pawls transferred regardless of the current pivot position of the adjusting lever in the third state.

A particularly simple and reliable transfer of the pawls in the third state in axial displacement of the adjusting lever is achieved in that the recess is formed chamfered at least one end in the axial direction.

An automatic switching of the ratchet device in the freewheel of the third state after the latest one full rotation of the lever by 360 degrees achieved by the fact that on the descender a survey is designed and arranged such that this elevation shifts the adjustment lever in the axial direction when the housing the ratchet device passes the point of elevation. As a result, in any case, the switchover to the freewheel when a person abseiling with the descender and forgets to switch the ratchet device in the freewheel of the third state, so that the lever arm during the rappelling does not rotate with the pulley, so that a corresponding Risk of injury by a freely rotating lever arm is effectively avoided.

A particularly simple and at the same time functionally reliable abseiling device is achieved in that the abseiling device has a transmission gear with a force-transmitting connected to the pulley large gear, meshing with the large gear small gear, which has a smaller diameter than the large gear, and a comprising force-transmitting connected to the small gear brake device, which is designed for example as a centrifugal brake.

A simple locking of the pulley relative to a housing of the abseiling device for actuating the lever arm of the ratchet device in the respective released direction of rotation of the first or second state, in which the actuator is freely rotatable relative to the sheave, achieved by providing an additional ratchet device is provided which is rotatably connected to a housing of the abseiling device and force transmitting to the sheave and is selectively switchable to a fourth state or fifth state, wherein in the fourth state, the additional ratchet device corresponds to the sheave in a first sheave rotation direction, which corresponds to the first direction of rotation of the actuator , free and fixed in a second pulley rotation direction, which corresponds to the second rotational direction of the actuator, relative to the housing, wherein in the fifth state, the additional ratchet device the pulley in di e second pulley rotation direction is free and fixed in the first pulley rotation direction relative to the housing.

A mechanically particularly simple and functionally reliable additional ratchet device is achieved by the fact that the additional ratchet device, a housing which is rotatably mounted on a housing of the descender, and a gear with toothing, which is rotatably connected to the main axis has, wherein in the housing Ratchet device at least a first and a second pawl are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear and the pawls are designed and arranged such that in the fourth state of the additional ratchet device, the second pawl engages the toothing of the gear and the first pawl is spaced from the gear in such a way that, in the second pulley rotation direction, the second pawl abutting against the toothing rotatably connects the housing to the toothed wheel and, in the first pulley rotation direction, sliding the second pawl over oblique flanks of the toothing of the toothed wheel d he connection between the housing and gear triggers, and that in the fifth state of the additional ratchet device, the first pawl engages in the toothing of the gear and the second pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the first pulley rotation direction, the first pawl against the toothing striking the housing of the ratchet device rotatably connected to the gear and in the second pulley rotational direction, the first pawl slidably over sloping flanks of the teeth of the gear triggers the connection between the housing and gear.

An influence on the function of the abseiling device by the additional ratchet device, if only the abseiling device is to be used for abseiling, is eliminated by the fact that the additional ratchet device is further switchable to a third state, wherein in the third state of the additional ratchet device the first and the second pawl are spaced from the gear, so that the main axis is free to rotate in both directions of rotation relative to the housing of the abseiling device.

A simple switching between the different states of the additional ratchet device is achieved in that a pivotable adjusting lever is provided on the housing of the additional ratchet device, which pivots the pawls in the first, second or third state by pivoting relative to the housing in corresponding pivot positions.

A particularly reliable switching is achieved in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which is chamfered seen in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess optionally engage the first or the second pawl, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess in the Interlocking of the gear engages.

A decoupling and more uniform distribution of the forces introduced on the main axis are achieved by the fact that the additional ratchet device is arranged outside the power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley on the main axis.

Fig. 1

eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Abseilgerätes in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in Frontansicht,

Fig. 3

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 4

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 5

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Längsschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 6

das Abseilgerät gemäß Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Längsschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 7

eine Knarrenvorrichtung des Abseilgerätes gemäß Fig. 1 in einem ersten Zustand in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 8

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in dem ersten Zustand in einer Längsschnittdarstellung entlang Linie A-A von Fig. 7,

Fig. 9

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in einem dritten Zustand in einer Querschnittdarstellung,

Fig. 10

die Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in dem dritten Zustand in einer Längsschnittdarstellung entlang Linie B-B von Fig. 9,

Fig. 11

einen Verstellhebel der Knarrenvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 12

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in einer weiteren perspektivischen Darstellung,

Fig. 13

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in Seitenansicht und

Fig. 14

den Verstellhebel gemäß Fig. 11 in Aufsicht.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in:

Fig. 1

a preferred embodiment of a descender according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2

the descender according to Fig. 1 in front view,

Fig. 3

the descender according to Fig. 1 in side view,

Fig. 4

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 5

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a longitudinal section,

Fig. 6

the descender according to Fig. 1 in a perspective longitudinal section,

Fig. 7

a ratchet device of the descender according to Fig. 1 in a first state in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 8

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in the first state in a longitudinal section along line AA of Fig. 7 .

Fig. 9

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in a third state in a cross-sectional view,

Fig. 10

the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in the third state in a longitudinal section along line BB of FIG Fig. 9 .

Fig. 11

an adjusting lever of the ratchet device according to Fig. 7 in perspective,

Fig. 12

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in a further perspective view,

Fig. 13

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in side view and

Fig. 14

according to the adjusting lever Fig. 11 in supervision.

The in the Fig. 1 to 6 illustrated, preferred embodiment of a descender according to the invention comprises a descender housing 10 in which a main axis 12 is rotatably mounted. With the main axis 12, a pulley 14 is rotatably connected, via which a traction means (not shown), such as a rope, is guided substantially slip-free. The descender has a Abseilvonichtung 16 with a transmission gear with a force-transmitting with the pulley on the main axis 12 large gear 18, a meshing with the large gear 18 small gear 20 (only schematically in FIG Fig. 4 shown), which has a smaller diameter than the large gear 18, and a force-transmitting connected to the small gear 20 braking device 22 (only schematically in FIG Fig. 4 shown), which is designed, for example, as a centrifugal brake such that it sets a constant speed of the pulley 14 when a load on the traction means by means of the abseiling device 16 of the abseiling device is lowered or roped.

Furthermore, the descender has a winch device comprising two ratchet devices 24, which are arranged on the main axis 12 on both sides of the sheave 12 and rotatable relative to the Abseilgerät housing 10. The winch device is used for manual rotation of the sheave 14 by a person hanging on the descender so that this person can pull up by means of the descender contrary to the direction of gravity.

The mechanical structure and the function of the ratchet devices 24 are in particular from the Fig. 5 to 10 seen. Each ratchet device 24 comprises a ratchet housing 26 on which a lever arm 28 (only indicated in the figures) is arranged as an actuating element of the winch device. This lever arm may for example be designed as a handwheel with handle. Preferably, this lever arm 28 is formed as a rod which is formed at a free end as a handle. Furthermore, each ratchet devices 24, a toothed gear 30 which rotatably connected to the main axis 12, which a power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device or the ratchet device 24 and the winch device and the pulley sixteenth represents, is connected. In the ratchet housing 26, a first pawl 32 and a second pawl 34 are pivotally mounted. The toothing of the gear 30 is formed with circumferentially bevelled flanks. Each of the pawls 32, 34 is pivotally supported between two positions in the ratchet housing 26, wherein in a first position, the respective pawl 32, 34 engages the toothing of the gear 30 and in a second position, the respective pawl of the toothing of the Gear 30 is spaced or pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. In the FIGS. 7 and 8 the first pawl 32 is in the first position and the second pawl is in the second position. In the FIGS. 9 and 10 Both pawls 32, 34 are in the second position. It is an elastic spring device (not shown) is provided, which act on the pawls 32, 34 in the direction of the first position with an elastic spring force. An actuating mechanism for the pawls 32, 34 described in more detail below is designed such that there are only three states for the combination of the arrangement of the pawls 32, 34 in the first and second positions. In a first state of the ratchet device 24, the first pawl 32 is pivoted to the first position and the second pawl 34 is pivoted to the second position as in FIG FIGS. 7 and 8 shown. In a second state, the first pawl 32 is pivoted to the second position and the second pawl 34 in the first position. In a third state, both pawls 32, 34 are pivoted to the second position, as in FIG FIGS. 9 and 10 shown. In this way, only a maximum of one of the two pawls 32, 34 is pivoted to the first position.

Hereinafter, the term "rotation of the gear 30" is used synonymously for a rotation of the main shaft 12 and the pulley 14 in the corresponding direction of rotation or the lever arm 28 and the winch device in the opposite direction of rotation.

In the first state of the ratchet device 24, as in FIG FIGS. 7 and 8 shown, upon rotation of the gear 30 in a second rotational direction 36, the first pawl 32 abuts a tooth of the toothing of the gear 30. Since the first pawl 32 is supported on the ratchet housing 26 at the same time, a rotation of the gear 30 relative to the ratchet housing 26 in the second direction of rotation 36 blocked. This results in a rotation of the lever arm 28 and the ratchet housing 26 in an opposite first direction of rotation 38 to a force transmission to the gear 30 and thus to a rotation of the gear 30 in the first direction of rotation 38. Upon rotation of the gear 30 in the opposite, first Direction of rotation 38 slides the first pawl 32 on the sloping flanks of the teeth of the gear 30, so that in this first rotational direction 38, the gear 30 with the main axis 12 and the sheave 14 free rotates relative to the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28. In other words, the main shaft 12 can rotate in the first direction of rotation 38, without the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28 rotates. In the first state of the ratchet device 24 according to the FIGS. 7 and 8 Thus, the main axis 12 can be manually rotated in the first direction of rotation 38 with the lever arm 28, while upon rotation of the lever arm 28 and the ratchet housing 26 in the second direction of rotation 36 for a next feed without rotation of the main axis 12 can be made. Of course, the latter presupposes that the main axis 12 is blocked elsewhere against rotation in the second direction of rotation 36. This is done for example by the on the main axis 12 oppositely arranged ratchet device 24. For the second state, the foregoing explanation applies analogously, with only the directions of rotation are reversed accordingly and the arrangement of the pawls 32, 34 is reversed, ie the second pawl 34 engages in the Teeth of the gear 30 and the first locking blade is pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30.

In the in FIGS. 9 and 10 shown third state of the ratchet device 24, the gear 30 with the main axis 12 and the pulley 14 in both directions of rotation 36, 38 freely rotatable relative to the ratchet housing 26 and the lever arm 28, since both pawls 32, 34 out of engagement with the teeth of the gear 30 are arranged or pivoted. This will be referred to as "freewheel" below. This freewheel of the third state is provided in the event that the winch device of the descender is not used and instead by means of the abseiling device 16, the person hanging on the abseiling device is rappelled. Here, the pulley 14 rotates due to the slip-free passage of the traction means and thus the main axis 12 and the Gear 30 during rappelling. If a force-transmitting connection in the corresponding direction of rotation between the gear 30 and the ratchet housing 26, so would the lever arms 28 of the two ratchet devices 24 rotate during rappelling. The lever arms 28 could strike the person to be severed and injure them accordingly in an undesired manner. This is prevented by the freewheel.

For pivoting the pawls 32, 34 and for switching between the first, second and third state, a relatively pivotable from the ratchet housing 26 adjusting lever 40 is provided on the ratchet housing 26. The formation of the adjusting lever 40 is in the Fig. 11 to 14 shown. The adjusting lever 40 has a switching pin 42 and a non-rotatably associated actuating lever 44 for manual pivoting of the adjusting lever 40. The switching pin 42 has on its surface a first recess 46 which has in the circumferential direction of the switching pin 42 oblique edges. In the direction of a free, remote from the actuating lever 44 end of the switching pin 42, the first recess in the axial direction with respect to the switching pin 42 is pointed and here also has oblique edges. The switching pin 42 also has on its surface a second recess 48 with two locking grooves 50 formed therein.

As in particular from FIGS. 7 and 9 can be seen, depending on the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40 either either one of the two pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46 or it does not engage the two pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46. If one of the two pawls 32, 34 in the first Recess 46 of the adjusting lever 40 engages, this pawl 32, 34 abuts the toothing of the gear 30 at. The corresponding other pawl 34, 32 rests on the surface of the switching pin 42 and is thereby pivoted away from the toothing of the gear 30. In the first state of the ratchet device, as in Fig. 7 illustrated, the first pawl 32 engages in the first recess 46 and the second pawl 34 abuts the surface of the switching pin 42, so that the first pawl 32 engages in the toothing of the gear 30. In the second state, not shown, this is correspondingly reversed analogously for the two pawls 32, 34. For this purpose, the adjusting lever 40 is simply correspondingly by means of the actuating lever 44 pivoted, so that the second pawl 34 engages in the first recess 46 and the first pawl 32 rests on the surface of the switching pin 42. In the third state, as in FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrated, the adjusting lever 40 is pivoted so that none of the pawls 32, 34 engages in the first recess 46, so that both pawls 32, 34 abut the surface of the switching pin 42 and are pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. The pivoting of the adjusting lever 40 with the corresponding entry and exit of the pawls 32, 34 in the first recess 46 into or out of the first recess 46 is supported by the oblique edge formed in the circumferential direction in the first recess.

Alternatively, the adjusting lever 40 is designed such that either one or both pawls 32, 34 engage in the recess 46. In this case can not be switched by means of a pivoting of the locking lever alone in the freewheel. Instead, in the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40, in which both pawls 32, 34 engage in the recess 46, the gear 30 rotatably connected in all directions of rotation with the ratchet housing 26.

The adjusting lever 40 is not only pivotable in the ratchet housing 26, but also arranged displaceably in the axial direction with respect to the switching pin 42 between a first axial position and a second axial position. In FIGS. 7 and 8 the first axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is shown. This first axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is controlled by a pin 52 (FIG. Fig. 8, 10th ), which engages in one of the locking grooves 50. In this first axial position selectively engages or no pawl 32, 34 or one or both pawls 32, 34 in the first recess, depending on the pivot position of the adjusting, so depending on the pivotal position of the adjusting lever 40 optionally the first state, the second state or the third state (freewheel) or the above-described further state with rotatably connected in all directions with the ratchet housing 26 gear 30 of the ratchet device 24 is set.

In FIGS. 9 and 10 the second axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is shown. This second axial position of the adjusting lever 40 is also by the pin 52nd locked, which engages in the corresponding other of the two locking grooves 50. In this second axial position, the pawls 32, 34 are independent of the pivot position of the adjusting lever 40 always on the surface of the switching pin 42, so that always both pawls are pivoted out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. In this second axial position therefore always the freewheel or the third state of the ratchet device 24 is set.

This second axial position of the adjusting lever is used for automatically switching the ratchet device in the freewheel. For this purpose, on the descender housing 10, a survey 54 ( Fig. 1 to 3 and 5, 6 ) are arranged with sloping flanks such that the ratchet housing 26 with the point at which the adjusting lever 40 is located, past the survey 54 when the housing rotates accordingly. At the same time, the switching pin 42 protrudes so far beyond the ratchet housing 26 in the direction of the descender housing 10 in the first axial position that the switching pin 42 abuts against the elevation 54. Now rotates the lever arm 28 with the ratchet housing 26 so far that the switching pin 42 abuts the survey 54, so is displaced by the survey 54 of the switching pin 42 from the first axial position to the second axial position. If in this case one or both pawls 32, 34 engage in the first recess, then this pawl 32, 34 slides over the sloping edge of the first recess 46 at its tapered end on the surface of the switching pin 42, so that one possibly before in the toothing of the gear 30 engaging pawl 32, 34 is pivoted to the second position in which this pawl 32, 34 is out of engagement with the toothing of the gear 30. The survey 54 thus automatically switches the ratchet device 24 in the freewheel. Since an elevation 54 is arranged on each side of the abseiling device housing 10, both ratchet devices 24 are automatically switched into freewheeling when the ratchet housings 26 or the lever arms 28 rotate freely with the sheave 14. This forced change into the freewheel is only canceled again when a user manually shifts the adjustment lever 40 back into the first axial position, in which it is possible to switch between the first, second and third states.

This automatic switching to the freewheel makes an additional lock for the pulley or the Abseilvorrichtung dispensable, because even if a user when using the lever arms 28 for manual pulling this just let go, turn the ratchet devices 24 after one revolution of the lever arms 24 and of the ratchet housing 26 in the freewheel. On the other hand, this automatic switching to the freewheel by the user can also be used to consciously go from the operation of the abseiling device as a winch without manual switching immediately in the abseiling over without the lever arms 28 longer than a maximum of one revolution with the sheave Turn 14 together.

Claims (21)

Descender with a winch device, a rotatably mounted main axis (12) on which a pulley (14) for slippable guiding a traction means is rotatably arranged, and a force-transmitting connected to the pulley (14) abseiling device (16), which for maintaining a constant abseiling speed a load suspended from the traction means, wherein the winch device comprises an actuating device, which is connected via a power transmission path with the pulley (14) for manually rotating the sheave (14),
characterized,
that at least one ratchet means (24) is arranged in a power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the pulley (14), wherein the ratchet device (24) is switchable at least between a first state and a third state, in which (in the first state of the ratchet device 24) in a first direction of rotation (38) of the actuating device via the respective ratchet device (24) is force-transmitting connected to the sheave (14) and in an opposite second direction of rotation (36) of the actuating device, this freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14), wherein in the third state of the respective ratchet device (24) in the first and second rotational direction (38, 36) of the actuator that is freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14), wherein the actuating means comprises at least one lever arm (28) which is arranged in that this lever arm (28) rests over the ratchets (24) initiates rotational forces in the power transmission path between the pulley (14) and the actuator. Descender device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet device (24) is switchable to a second state, wherein in the second state of the ratchet device (24) in the second direction of rotation (36) of the actuating device via the respective ratchet device (24) is force-transmittingly connected to the sheave (14) and in the opposite first direction of rotation (38) of the actuating device, this is freely rotatable relative to the sheave (14). Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abseiling device is connected to the sheave (14) via the main axis (12). Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratchet device (24) on the main axis (12) is arranged. Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two ratchet devices (24) are arranged on opposite sides of the cable pulley (14) on the abseiling device. Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two ratchet devices (24) each having a lever arm (28) are provided. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a switching device (40, 54) is provided, which automatically switches the ratchet device (24) in the third state when the ratchet device (24) is in the first or second state and when the pulley (14) rotates due to a force acting on them by the traction means. Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ratchet device (24) has a housing (26) on which the lever arm (28) is arranged, and a gear (30) with toothing, which rotatably with the power transmission between the actuator of the winch device and the pulley (14), in particular rotationally fixed to the main axis (12) is connected, wherein in the housing (26) at least a first and a second pawl (32, 34) are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear (30) and the pawls (32, 34) are designed and arranged such that in the first state of the ratchet device (24), the first pawl (32) engages in the toothing of the gear (30) and the second pawl (34) from the gear (30) spaced is, so that in the first rotational direction (38), the first pawl (32) on the toothing striking the housing (26) rotatably connected to the gear (30) and in the second rotational direction (36), the first pawl (32) via oblique Flanks of the toothing of the gear (30) sliding the connection between the housing (26) and gear (30) triggers that engages in the second state of the ratchet device (24), the second pawl (34) in the toothing of the gear (30) and the first pawl ( 32) of the gear (30) is spaced, so that in the second rotational direction (36), the second pawl (34) abutting the toothing on the housing (26) rotatably connected to the gear (30) and in the first rotational direction (38 ) the second pawl (34) slidably releases the connection between housing (26) and toothed wheel (30) via oblique flanks of the toothing of the toothed wheel (30), and that in the third state of the ratchet device (24) the first and the second pawl ( 32, 34) are spaced from the gear (30). Descending device according to claim 8, characterized in that on the housing (26) a pivotable adjusting lever (40) is provided, which by pivoting relative to the housing (26) in at least two, in particular three, pivoting positions the pawls (32, 34) in the first or second, in particular additionally in the third state, pivoted. Descending device according to claim 9, characterized in that the adjusting lever (40) has on its surface a recess (46) which is beveled viewed in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess (46) optionally the first or the second pawl (32, 34) engages, where that pawl (32, 34) which engages in the recess (46), engages in the toothing of the toothed wheel (30). Descending device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the adjusting lever (40) is additionally slidably mounted in the axial direction in the housing (26), wherein the adjusting lever (40) is designed such that an axial movement of the adjusting lever (40) Pawls (32, 34) regardless of the current pivot position of the adjusting lever (40) transferred to the third state. Descending device according to claim 10 and 11, characterized in that the recess (46) is chamfered at least one end in the axial direction. Descending device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that on the abseiling device a survey (54) is designed and arranged such that this elevation (54) displaces the adjusting lever (40) in the axial direction when the housing (26) of the ratchet device ( 24) the location of the survey (54) happens. Descending device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abseiling device (16) has a transmission gear with a large gear (18) connected in a force-transmitting manner to the cable pulley (14), a small gear (20) meshing with the large gear (18), which has a smaller diameter than the large gear (18), and a force-transmitting with the small gear (20) connected braking device (22). Descending device according to claim 14, characterized in that the braking device (22) is designed as a centrifugal brake. Abseiling device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional ratchet device is provided which rotatably with a housing (26) of the abseiling device and in the fourth state, the additional ratchet device the pulley (14) in a first pulley rotation direction, which of the first rotational direction (38) of the actuating device corresponds, free and fixed in a second pulley rotation direction, which corresponds to the second direction of rotation (36) of the actuator relative to the housing (26), wherein in the fifth state, the additional ratchet device the pulley (14) in the second pulley rotation direction free and fixed in the first sheave rotation direction relative to the housing (26). Abseiling device according to claim 16, characterized in that the additional ratchet device comprises a housing, which is non-rotatably mounted on a housing (10) of the abseiling device, and a gear with toothing, which is non-rotatably connected to the main axis (12), wherein in the Housing of the ratchet device at least a first and a second pawl are pivotally mounted, wherein the gear and the pawls are formed and arranged such that engages in the fourth state of the additional ratchet device, the second pawl in the toothing of the gear and the first pawl of the gear is spaced, so that in the second pulley rotation, the second pawl on the teeth abutting the housing rotatably connected to the gear and in the first pulley rotation, the second pawl on inclined flanks of the teeth of the gear sliding the connection between the housing and gear solves, and that in the fifth state of the additional ratchet device, the first pawl engages the toothing of the gear and the second pawl is spaced from the gear, so that in the first sheave rotational direction, the first pawl against the toothing stoppering the housing of the ratchet device rotatably connects with the gear and in the second pulley rotation direction, the first pawl slidably over oblique edges of the toothing of the gear triggers the connection between the housing and gear. Descender device according to claim 17, characterized in that the additional ratchet device is further switchable to a third state, wherein in the third state of the additional ratchet device, the first and the second pawl are spaced from the gear, so that the main axis free in both directions of rotation relative to Housing of the descender is rotatable. Descender device according to claim 18, characterized in that a pivotable adjusting lever is provided on the housing of the additional ratchet device, which pivots the pawls in the first, second or third state by pivoting relative to the housing in corresponding pivot positions. Abseiling device according to claim 19, characterized in that the adjusting lever has on its surface a recess which is chamfered seen in the circumferential direction, wherein in the recess optionally engage the first or the second pawl, wherein the pawl which engages in the recess in the Interlocking of the gear engages. Abseiling device according to at least one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the additional ratchet device is arranged outside the power transmission path between the actuating element of the winch device and the sheave (14) on the main axis (12).

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