EP2314923A2 - Swirler - Google Patents
Swirler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2314923A2 EP2314923A2 EP10171361A EP10171361A EP2314923A2 EP 2314923 A2 EP2314923 A2 EP 2314923A2 EP 10171361 A EP10171361 A EP 10171361A EP 10171361 A EP10171361 A EP 10171361A EP 2314923 A2 EP2314923 A2 EP 2314923A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- swirl generator
- fuel
- fuel injector
- segment
- insert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
- F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a swirl generator and a method for injecting fuel into a gas turbine.
- the WO 2004/057236 A2 for this purpose shows fuel outlets in an upstream cover of the swirl generator, the EP 1 890 083 A1 in a downstream bottom of the swirl generator.
- the fuel outlets are formed in side channel walls of the swirler segments, the WO 2007/131818 A1 frontal fuel outlets in axial shoulders of the swirler segments.
- a swirl generator according to the preamble of claim 1 with a plurality of pie-shaped swirl generator segments known, in each of which fuel-supplying and parallel air-supplying axial bores are formed.
- the air supply hole communicates with a right-angled opening in this bore in a side wall of the channel defined by the swirler segment for injecting additional combustion air therein.
- Into this larger bore is inserted a smaller diameter hollow tube which meets the fuel feeding axial bore at right angles so that fuel is injected into the channel through this fuel injector insert inside the annular supplemental air supply.
- the fuel injection through the fuel outlets is always constructively determined.
- the fuel injection and combustion air mixing dependent on the fuel injection is very sensitive, in particular with regard to the properties of the fuel gas, for example its composition, its density and its calorific value, as well as with regard to the air throughput which varies with different power outputs of the gas turbine.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the mixing of fuel with combustion air in a swirl generator of a gas turbine.
- a swirl generator according to the preamble of claim 1 is further developed by its characterizing feature.
- Claim 20 provides a method for injecting fuel by means of such a swirl generator into a gas turbine, claim 19, the gas turbine, the claims 15, 17 elements of a swirl generator according to the invention under protection.
- the subclaims relate to advantageous developments.
- the injection of fuel into a channel of a swirl generator of a gas turbine by the variable arrangement of fuel injector inserts in air-conducting swirler segments of the swirl generator is proposed.
- the fuel injection can thus be adapted to different fuel properties or air flow rates.
- a swirl generator segment optionally arranged in a swirl generator segment various types of fuel injector inserts which have different fuel outlets.
- two fuel injector inserts that may alternatively be disposed in a swirler segment may differ in number, shape, size, location, and / or direction of one or more fuel outlets.
- a plurality of fuel outlets of a fuel injector insert may be identical or different, spaced equidistantly or differently from one another in the direction of the channel height, and / or may be angularly offset from one another or disposed one upon the other on the shell surface of the fuel injector insert.
- the fuel injector inserts with a predetermined orientation in the swirler segments receivable.
- the fuel injector inserts in particular rotatably, preferably be received positively in the swirl generator segments.
- fuel injection into the passage may also be dictated by the placement of the fuel injector insert in the swirler segment.
- the fuel injector insert for example, rotationally symmetrical and arranged in a corresponding cavity of the swirl generator, where it can be fixed permanently or detachably, for example frictionally or cohesively, for example by welding, in any orientation or angular position about its axis of symmetry.
- the fuel injector insert also have a rotationally symmetry-breaking geometry, so that it can be used only in one or more selected angular positions in the swirl generator segment.
- Both aspects may be advantageously combined with one another by alternatively employing one of several different fuel injector inserts in one of several possible orientations in a swirler segment.
- a fuel injector insert is disposed in one or more leading edges of a swirler segment.
- a fuel injector insert can in particular be positively inserted into a recess, which is open towards the channel, in the leading edge of the swirl generator segment, so that the inlet contour of the channel or the leading edge of the swirl generator segment is at least partially formed by the fuel injector insert used.
- the inlet contour of the channel can also be adapted to changed boundary conditions.
- this leading edge may be made in a different material, namely that of the fuel injector insert, than the remainder of the swirler segment whose walls define the side surfaces of the channel.
- a fuel injector insert is only partially, ie not taken over its entire lateral surface, in the swirl generator segment, wherein remaining areas of its lateral surface have fuel outlets and / or at least partially form an inlet edge of the swirl generator segment.
- a fuel injector insert accommodated in a swirl generator segment is understood to mean, in particular, a fuel injector insert which is only partially accommodated in the swirl generator segment.
- a fuel injector insert is interchangeably received in a swirler segment so as to dictate fuel injection into a conduit by reorientation or replacement with another fuel injector insert.
- the replaceable fuel injector can be frictionally, for example, by screwing a lid on the swirl generator segment, or cohesively, for example, by welding the fuel injector with the swirl generator segment defined, the interchangeability is advantageously ensured in this case by forming predetermined breaking points of cohesive connection.
- a fuel injector can be compared to him receiving swirler segment and / or a lid are sealed, in which a fuel supply line may be formed to the fuel injector insert.
- a swirl generator for injecting fuel into a gas turbine comprises a plurality of swirler segments, between which channels for supplying swirling air to a combustion chamber Gas turbine are formed, wherein the swirler segments are arranged interchangeable in the swirl generator.
- the swirl generator are adapted to different properties of the fuel gas or varying with different power outputs of the gas turbine air flow.
- the present invention finds particular application in stationary gas turbines, radial swirl generators, and / or gaseous fuel injection.
- Fig. 1 . 2 show one half of a radial swirl generator according to an embodiment of the present invention in transverse or axial section.
- each rotationally symmetrical, outwardly open bores are formed.
- the insert body can also be arranged deeper within the swirler segment, so that a larger part of its lateral surface is received in the complementary bore, which can then extend over more than a three-quarter circle.
- the insert body may also be less deep be arranged in the swirl generator segment, so that a smaller part of its lateral surface is received in the complementary bore, which then extends correspondingly over less than a three-quarter circle.
- a cover ring 10 in which the swirl generator segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 are integrally formed or materially or frictionally fixed in a modification, not shown, complementary circular recesses are formed with a flattened chord, so that the fuel injector inserts 2, 2 'only in one through the flat side 2.3 or 2.3 'predetermined orientation in the swirler segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 can be used. In this they are tacked by means of a detachable weld and are additionally sealed by metallic C-rings 60 against the cover ring 10.
- a lid 20 of the swirl generator is screwed, in which an annular fuel feed line 50 is formed, which is to the insert heads 2.1 and 2.1 '(see. Fig. 3 ) is open to the fuel injector inserts.
- screws 40 pass through the cover 20, the cover ring 10 and the swirl generator segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and are screwed into a swirl generator floor 30, which together with the cover ring 10 and the side walls of the swirler segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 defines the air supply channels K, and in which the insert body 2.2 or 2.2 'of the fuel injector inserts 2 and 2' are inserted frontally (see. Fig. 2 ).
- the lid 20 also secures the fuel injector inserts positively and frictionally.
- the fuel injector inserts have an axial bore open towards the insert head (cf. Fig. 2 ) communicate with which radial bores 3.
- Gaseous fuel which is supplied to the fuel injector inserts 2 via the fuel supply line 50, flows through the axial or axial bore in the insert head and is injected into the channel K through the radial bores 3 functioning as fuel outlets.
- the position of the fuel outlets 3 relative to the flattening 2.3 or 2.3 'of the insert head 2.1 or 2.1' determines a Eindüsraum in cross-section, ie relative to the air flow L, when the fuel injector inserted into the swirler segment is.
- the fuel outlets 3 are arranged relative to the flattening 2.3 of the insert head 2.1 such that the fuel B, as in Fig. 1 indicated, is injected with inserted fuel injector insert 2 substantially perpendicular to the air flow L.
- the fuel outlets 3 ' are offset relative to the flattening 2.3' of the insert head 2.1 'in such a way that the injection direction of the fuel into the channel has a component which is oriented counter to the flow direction, ie radially outwards, if the fuel injector insert 2' instead of the Fuelsindüs tenues 2 with the predetermined by the flattening 2.3 'orientation in a swirler segment rotatably inserted and attached by welding.
- This injection against the air flow of the combustion air can improve the mixing with the injected fuel, in particular with a lower air throughput by blocking points formed in the flow of the combustion air L upstream of the fuel outlets 3 '.
- the fuel outlets 3, 3 ' differ not only in their angular position to the flattening 2.3 and 2.3', but also in their height, in which they are arranged in the channel K.
- the fuel injection can be predetermined and adapted to changed properties of the fuel gas or a varying air throughput.
- further fuel injector inserts may be inserted, which have fuel outlets of a different shape, number and / or outflow direction, and thus, for example, an in Fig. 2 implement non-horizontal Eindüsraum by the Brennstoffauslassachse forms with the longitudinal axis of the fuel injector insert a different angle from 90 °.
- the recesses in the cover ring 10 for receiving the insert heads of the fuel injector inserts are completely rotationally symmetrical and thus allow a recording of the fuel injector inserts in the swirler segments with arbitrarily specifiable orientation relative to its longitudinal or symmetry axis.
- the fuel injector inserts are rotated during or after insertion into the swirler segments so that their fuel outlets 3 and 3 'convey a desired Eindüsraum, and then, for example by welding with the cover ring 10 rotatably fixed in this angular position, the fuel injection can also in the desired Be given way.
- the insert heads 2.1 and 2.1 'of the fuel injector inserts 2 and / or 2' and the receiving recesses in the cover ring 10 are formed so as to receive the fuel injector inserts in the swirler segments at various discrete angles from each other at an angle to allow orientation about its longitudinal axis.
- the insert heads and they receiving recesses have a cross-section in the form of a regular polyhedron, such as a regular 36-corner, which allows each offset by 10 ° rotatable recordings.
- the fuel injector inserts are disposed in the radially outer leading edges of the swirler segments. This advantageously combines a rounded channel inlet through the cylindrical insert body 2.2 or 2.2 'of the fuel injector inserts, a protection of the inserts against mechanical environmental influences, a favorable thermal loading of the inserts and a beneficial injection of the fuel on or - depending on the angular position - before the channel inlet , so that the entire channel is used as a mixing section.
- the fuel injector inserts disposed in the entrance edges of a swirler segment thus advantageously form part of the surface of the swirler segment and thus equally allow compact integration of the fuel injector inserts into the swirler segments and the variation of their outer contour.
- the insert body of a not shown further fuel injector insert as well as the insert head have a flattening in which the fuel outlets are formed.
- swirler segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 screwed another cover ring with the cover 20 and the swirl generator floor 30, whose swirl generator segments are in the form of the channel side surfaces, the channel height, the arrangement of fuel injector inserts or the like of the in Fig. 1 . 2
- the swirl generator segments 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 shown differ, the channel shape, height and / or number of the swirl generator can be varied as well as the fuel injection.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Drallerzeuger und ein Verfahren zur Eindüsung von Brennstoff in eine Gasturbine.The present invention relates to a swirl generator and a method for injecting fuel into a gas turbine.
Insbesondere für die schadstoffarme Verbrennung gasförmiger Brennstoffe mit Luft ist es bekannt, der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft durch einen Drallerzeuger einen Drehimpuls zu vermitteln und in diesem Drallerzeuger Brennstoff in den Luftstrom einzudüsen, um eine optimale Vormischung von Brennstoff und Luft zu erzielen.In particular, for the low-emission combustion of gaseous fuels with air, it is known to impart an angular momentum to the supplied combustion air by means of a swirl generator and to inject fuel into the air stream in this swirl generator in order to achieve optimum premixing of fuel and air.
Die
Um den Brennstoff über der gesamten Kanalhöhe des Drallerzeugers eindüsen zu können, schlagen die
Zur Verminderung von Strömungsverlusten ist es beispielsweise aus der
Während in diesen Drallerzeugern die Brennstoffauslässe in seitlichen Kanalwänden der Drallerzeugersegmente ausgebildet sind, schlägt die
Schließlich ist aus der
Im vorgenannten Stand der Technik ist die Brennstoffeindüsung durch die Brennstoffauslässe stets konstruktiv festgelegt. Die von der Brennstoffeindüsung abhängige Vermischung von Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft ist jedoch sehr sensitiv, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Eigenschaften des Brenngases, beispielsweise seiner Zusammensetzung, seiner Dichte und seines Heizwertes, sowie bezüglich des Luftdurchsatzes, der mit unterschiedlichen Leistungsabgaben der Gasturbine variiert. Die vorgenannten Lösungen, deren Brennstoffeindüsungen konstruktiv für bestimmte Randbedingungen optimiert und dann konstruktiv festgelegt wurden, arbeiten daher bei veränderten Randbedingungen, beispielsweise einer Veränderung von Brennstoff oder Luftdurchsatz, nur suboptimal.In the aforementioned prior art, the fuel injection through the fuel outlets is always constructively determined. However, the fuel injection and combustion air mixing dependent on the fuel injection is very sensitive, in particular with regard to the properties of the fuel gas, for example its composition, its density and its calorific value, as well as with regard to the air throughput which varies with different power outputs of the gas turbine. The abovementioned solutions, whose fuel injections have been structurally optimized for certain boundary conditions and then determined constructively, therefore work only suboptimally under altered boundary conditions, for example a change in fuel or air throughput.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, die Vermischung von Brennstoff mit Verbrennungsluft in einem Drallerzeuger einer Gasturbine zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the mixing of fuel with combustion air in a swirl generator of a gas turbine.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Drallerzeuger nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch dessen kennzeichnendes Merkmal weitergebildet. Anspruch 20 stellt ein Verfahren zur Eindüsung von Brennstoff mittels eines solchen Drallerzeugers in eine Gasturbine, Anspruch 19 die Gasturbine, die Ansprüche 15, 17 Elemente eines erfindungsgemäßen Drallerzeugers unter Schutz. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen.To solve this problem, a swirl generator according to the preamble of claim 1 is further developed by its characterizing feature.
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, die Eindüsung von Brennstoff in einen Kanal eines Drallerzeugers einer Gasturbine durch die variable Anordnung von Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen in luftleitenden Drallerzeugersegmenten des Drallerzeugers vorzugeben. Durch Änderung der Anordnung von Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen in den Drallerzeugersegmenten kann die Brennstoffeindüsung somit an unterschiedliche Brennstoffeigenschaften oder Luftdurchsätze angepasst werden.According to the invention, the injection of fuel into a channel of a swirl generator of a gas turbine by the variable arrangement of fuel injector inserts in air-conducting swirler segments of the swirl generator is proposed. By changing the arrangement of fuel injector inserts in the swirler segments, the fuel injection can thus be adapted to different fuel properties or air flow rates.
Hierzu können nach einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung in einem Drallerzeugersegment wahlweise verschiedenartige Brennstoffeindüseinsätze angeordnet werden, die unterschiedliche Brennstoffauslässe aufweisen. Beispielsweise können zwei Brennstoffeindüseinsätze, die alternativ in einem Drallerzeugersegment angeordnet werden können, sich durch die Anzahl, Form, Größe, Lage und/oder Richtung einer oder mehrer Brennstoffauslässe unterscheiden. Mehrere Brennstoffauslässe eines Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes können identisch oder unterschiedlich ausgebildet, voneinander in Richtung der Kanalhöhe äquidistant oder unterschiedlich beabstandet, und/oder auf der Mantelfläche des Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes gegeneinader um einen Winkel versetzt oder untereinander angeordnet sein.For this purpose, according to a first aspect of the present invention optionally arranged in a swirl generator segment various types of fuel injector inserts which have different fuel outlets. For example, two fuel injector inserts that may alternatively be disposed in a swirler segment may differ in number, shape, size, location, and / or direction of one or more fuel outlets. A plurality of fuel outlets of a fuel injector insert may be identical or different, spaced equidistantly or differently from one another in the direction of the channel height, and / or may be angularly offset from one another or disposed one upon the other on the shell surface of the fuel injector insert.
Um eine Eindüsrichtung des Brennstoffes, in der dieser aus dem Brennstoffeindüseinsatz in den Kanal austritt, vorzugeben, die mit einer Längsachse des Drallerzeugers und/oder einer Luftströmung im Kanal, d. h. im Axial- bzw. Querschnitt einen vorgegebenen Winkel aufweist und in einer bevorzugten Ausführung im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Längsachse und/oder der Luftströmung orientiert ist, jedoch auch eine entgegen einer Durchströmungsrichtung des Kanals orientierte Komponente aufweisen kann, um durch Staupunktbildung und daraus resultierender Luftverwirbelung eine bessere Vermischung des eingedüsten Brennstoffes mit der verwirbelten Luft zu bewirken, sind in einer bevorzugten Ausführung die Brennstoffeindüseinsätze mit einer vorgegebenen Orientierung in den Drallerzeugersegmenten aufnehmbar. Hierzu können die Brennstoffeindüseinsätze insbesondere drehfest, vorzugsweise formschlüssig in den Drallerzeugersegmenten aufgenommen sein.In order to specify an injection direction of the fuel, in which this emerges from the fuel injector insert into the channel, which with a longitudinal axis of the swirl generator and / or an air flow in the channel, d. H. in the axial or cross section has a predetermined angle and is oriented in a preferred embodiment substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and / or the air flow, but may also have a counter to a direction of flow of the channel oriented component to better by stagnation and resulting air turbulence Mixing the injected fuel with the fluidized air, are in a preferred embodiment, the fuel injector inserts with a predetermined orientation in the swirler segments receivable. For this purpose, the fuel injector inserts, in particular rotatably, preferably be received positively in the swirl generator segments.
Indem derselbe Brennstoffeindüseinsatz mit verschiedenen vorgebbaren Orientierungen in einem Drallerzeugersegment aufnehmbar ist, kann nach einem zweiten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung ebenfalls die Brennstoffeindüsung in den Kanal durch die Anordnung des Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes im Drallerzeugersegment vorgegeben werden.By accommodating the same fuel injector insert with various predeterminable orientations in a swirler segment, according to a second aspect of the present invention, fuel injection into the passage may also be dictated by the placement of the fuel injector insert in the swirler segment.
Hierzu kann der Brennstoffeindüseinsatz beispielsweise rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet und in einem entsprechenden Hohlraum des Drallerzeugers angeordnet sein, wo er dauerhaft oder lösbar, beispielsweise reib- oder stoffschlüssig, etwa durch Verschweißen, in einer beliebigen Orientierung bzw. Winkellage um seine Symmetrieachse festgelegt werden kann. Gleichermaßen kann der Brennstoffeindüseinsatz auch eine rotationssymmetrie-brechende Geometrie aufweisen, so dass er nur in einer oder mehreren ausgewählten Winkellagen in das Drallerzeugersegment eingesetzt werden kann.For this purpose, the fuel injector insert, for example, rotationally symmetrical and arranged in a corresponding cavity of the swirl generator, where it can be fixed permanently or detachably, for example frictionally or cohesively, for example by welding, in any orientation or angular position about its axis of symmetry. Likewise, the fuel injector insert also have a rotationally symmetry-breaking geometry, so that it can be used only in one or more selected angular positions in the swirl generator segment.
Beide Aspekte können vorteilhaft miteinander kombiniert sein, indem alternativ einer von mehreren verschiedenartigen Brennstoffeindüseinsätze wahlweise in einer von mehreren möglichen Orientierungen in ein Drallerzeugersegment eingesetzt wird.Both aspects may be advantageously combined with one another by alternatively employing one of several different fuel injector inserts in one of several possible orientations in a swirler segment.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist in einer oder mehreren Eintrittskanten eines Drallerzeugersegmentes ein Brennstoffeindüseinsatz angeordnet. Hierdurch wird es insbesondere vorteilhaft möglich, Brennstoffauslässe in der Nähe eines Kanaleintrittes anzuordnen, um durch die dort auftretende Verwirbelung der Luft und die Nutzung des gesamten Kanals des Drallerzeugers als Mischstrecke die Mischung mit dem eingedüsten Brennstoff zu verbessern. Ein Brennstoffeindüseinsatz kann dazu insbesondere formschlüssig in eine nach außen, zum Kanal hin offene Aussparung in der Eintrittskante des Drallerzeugersegmentes eingesetzt sein, so dass die Einlaufkontur des Kanals bzw. die Eintrittskante des Drallerzeugersegmentes wenigstens teilweise durch den eingesetzten Brennstoffeindüseinsatz gebildet wird. Durch Variation von dessen Orientierung bzw. Austausch durch einen andersartigen Brennstoffeindüseinsatz gemäß des vorstehend erläuterten ersten bzw. zweiten Aspektes kann so auch die Einlaufkontur des Kanals an geänderte Randbedingungen angepasst werden. Zudem kann durch einen in einer Eintrittskante eines Drallerzeugersegmentes angeordneten Brennstoffeindüseinsatz diese Eintrittskante in einem anderen Material, nämlich demjenigen des Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes, ausgeführt werden als das übrige Drallerzeugersegment, dessen Wände die Seitenflächen des Kanals definieren.In a preferred embodiment, a fuel injector insert is disposed in one or more leading edges of a swirler segment. In this way, it is particularly advantageously possible to arrange fuel outlets in the vicinity of a channel inlet in order to improve the mixture with the injected fuel by the swirling of the air occurring there and the use of the entire channel of the swirl generator as a mixing section. For this purpose, a fuel injector insert can in particular be positively inserted into a recess, which is open towards the channel, in the leading edge of the swirl generator segment, so that the inlet contour of the channel or the leading edge of the swirl generator segment is at least partially formed by the fuel injector insert used. By varying its orientation or exchange by means of a different type of fuel injector insert according to the above-explained first or second aspect, the inlet contour of the channel can also be adapted to changed boundary conditions. In addition, through a fuel injector insert disposed in an entrance edge of a swirler segment, this leading edge may be made in a different material, namely that of the fuel injector insert, than the remainder of the swirler segment whose walls define the side surfaces of the channel.
Vorzugsweise ist ein Brennstoffeindüseinsatz nur teilweise, d.h. nicht über seine gesamte Mantelfläche, in dem Drallerzeugersegment aufgenommen, wobei freibleibende Bereiche seiner Mantelfläche Brennstoffauslässe aufweisen und/oder wenigstens teilweise eine Eintrittskante des Drallerzeugersegmentes bilden. Insofern wird unter einem in einem Drallerzeugersegment aufgenommenen Brennstoffeindüseinsatz insbesondere auch ein nur teilweise in dem Drallerzeugersegment aufgenommer Brennstoffeindüseinsatz verstanden.Preferably, a fuel injector insert is only partially, ie not taken over its entire lateral surface, in the swirl generator segment, wherein remaining areas of its lateral surface have fuel outlets and / or at least partially form an inlet edge of the swirl generator segment. In this respect, a fuel injector insert accommodated in a swirl generator segment is understood to mean, in particular, a fuel injector insert which is only partially accommodated in the swirl generator segment.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist ein Brennstoffeindüseinsatz in einem Drallerzeugersegment austauschbar aufgenommen, um so durch Umorientierung oder Austausch mit einem anderen Brennstoffeindüseinsatz die Brennstoffeindüsung in einen Kanal vorzugeben. Der austauschbare Brennstoffeindüseinsatz kann beispielsweise reibschlüssig, etwa durch Aufschrauben eines Deckels auf das Drallerzeugersegment, oder auch stoffschlüssig, beispielsweise durch Verschweißen des Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes mit dem Drallerzeugersegment festgelegt werden, wobei die Austauschbarkeit in diesem Falle vorteilhafterweise durch Ausbildung von Sollbruchstellen der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung gewährleistet wird.In a preferred embodiment, a fuel injector insert is interchangeably received in a swirler segment so as to dictate fuel injection into a conduit by reorientation or replacement with another fuel injector insert. The replaceable fuel injector can be frictionally, for example, by screwing a lid on the swirl generator segment, or cohesively, for example, by welding the fuel injector with the swirl generator segment defined, the interchangeability is advantageously ensured in this case by forming predetermined breaking points of cohesive connection.
Insbesondere durch eine solche stoffschlüssige Verbindung, zusätzlich oder alternativ auch durch elastische Dichtmittel, beispielsweise C-Ringe, die aufgrund der Temperaturen, denen ein Drallerzeuger im Betrieb der Gasturbine ausgesetzt ist, in einer bevorzugten Ausführung aus Metall hergestellt sind, kann ein Brennstoffeindüseinsatz gegenüber dem ihn aufnehmenden Drallerzeugersegment und/oder einem Deckel abgedichtet werden, in dem eine Brennstoffzuleitung zu dem Brennstoffeindüseinsatz ausgebildet sein kann.In particular, by such a material connection, in addition or alternatively by elastic sealing means, such as C-rings, which are made in a preferred embodiment of metal due to the temperatures to which a swirl generator is exposed during operation of the gas turbine, a fuel injector can be compared to him receiving swirler segment and / or a lid are sealed, in which a fuel supply line may be formed to the fuel injector insert.
Nach einem dritten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung, der bevorzugt mit dem ersten und/oder zweiten Aspekt kombiniert sein kann, weist ein Drallerzeuger zur Eindüsung von Brennstoff in eine Gasturbine eine Mehrzahl von Drallerzeugersegmenten auf, zwischen denen Kanäle zur Zufuhr von drallbehafteter Luft zu einer Brennkammer der Gasturbine ausgebildet sind, wobei die Drallerzeugersegmente austauschbar in dem Drallerzeuger angeordnet sind.According to a third aspect of the present invention, which may preferably be combined with the first and / or second aspect, a swirl generator for injecting fuel into a gas turbine comprises a plurality of swirler segments, between which channels for supplying swirling air to a combustion chamber Gas turbine are formed, wherein the swirler segments are arranged interchangeable in the swirl generator.
Wie vorstehend mit Bezug auf den ersten Aspekt erläutert, kann so durch wahlweisen Einsatz verschiedenartiger Drallerzeugersegmente, die sich beispielsweise in Höhe, Breite und/oder Form der durch sie definierten Kanäle des Drallerzeugers, Anzahl, Form, Größe und/oder Anordnung von in ihnen vorgesehenen Brennstoffauslässen oder in ihnen aufgenommenen Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen unterscheiden können, der Drallerzeuger an unterschiedliche Eigenschaften des Brenngases oder einen mit unterschiedlichen Leistungsabgaben der Gasturbine variierenden Luftdurchsatz angepasst werden.As explained above with respect to the first aspect, by selectively employing different swirler segments, for example, in height, width and / or shape of the swirl generator channels, number, shape, size and / or arrangement defined therein, can be provided therein Can differentiate fuel outlets or in them recorded fuel injector inserts, the swirl generator are adapted to different properties of the fuel gas or varying with different power outputs of the gas turbine air flow.
Die vorliegende Erfindung findet mit besonderem Vorteil Anwendung bei stationären Gasturbinen, radialen Drallerzeugern und/oder der Eindüsung von gasförmigem Brennstoff.The present invention finds particular application in stationary gas turbines, radial swirl generators, and / or gaseous fuel injection.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und dem nachfolgend erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel. Hierzu zeigt, teilweise schematisiert
- Fig.1:
- einen halbseitigen Querschnitt eines Drallerzeugers nach einer Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung gemäß der Schnittlinie I-I in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 2:
- einen halbseitigen Axialschnitt des Drallerzeugers nach
Fig. 1 ge- mäß der dortigen Schnittlinie II-II; und - Fig. 3A, 3B:
- zwei verschiedene Brennstoffeindüseinsätze für den Drallerzeuger nach
Fig. 1 .
- Fig.1:
- a half-side cross-section of a swirl generator according to an embodiment of the present invention according to the section line II in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 2:
- a half-sided axial section of the swirl generator after
Fig. 1 according to the section line II-II; and - FIGS. 3A, 3B:
- two different fuel injector inserts for the swirl generator
Fig. 1 ,
Tortenstückförmige Drallerzeugersegmente 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 mit im Wesentlichen dreieckigem Querschnitt bilden zwischen sich Kanäle K zur Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft L zu einer radial innenliegenden, axial dem Drallerzeuger stromabwärtig nachgelagerten (unten in
In den beiden radial außenliegenden Ecken der Drallerzeugersegmente 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 sind jeweils rotationssymmetrische, nach außen offene Bohrungen ausgebildet. In diese ist ein zylinderförmiger Einsatzkörper 2.2 bzw. 2.2' (vgl.
An den zylinderförmigen Einsatzkörper 2.2, 2.2' schließt sich ein im Wesentlichen kreisscheibenförmiger Einsatzkopf 2.1 bzw. 2.1' an, wobei die Kreisscheibe auf einer Flachseite 2.3 bzw. 2.3' abgeflacht ist (
In einem Deckring 10 (vgl.
Auf den Deckring 10 ist ein Deckel 20 des Drallerzeugers aufgeschraubt, in dem eine ringförmige Brennstoffzuleitung 50 ausgebildet ist, die zu den Einsatzköpfen 2.1 bzw. 2.1' (vgl.
Die Brennstoffeindüseinsätze weisen eine zum Einsatzkopf hin offene Axialbohrung (vgl.
Da der eingesetzte Brennstoffeindüseinsatz aufgrund der Abflachung des Einsatzkopfes und der entsprechend komplementären Aussparung im Deckring 10 der Drallerzeugersegmente mit vorgegebener Orientierung in dem jeweiligen Drallerzeugersegment drehfestgelegt ist, bestimmt die Lage der Brennstoffauslässe 3 relativ zur Abflachung 2.3 bzw. 2.3' des Einsatzkopfes 2.1 bzw. 2.1' eine Eindüsrichtung im Querschnitt, d. h. relativ zur Luftströmung L, wenn der Brennstoffeindüseinsatz in das Drallerzeugersegment eingesteckt ist. Bei den Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen 2 (
Bei dem Brennstoffeindüseinsatz 2' (
Wie der Vergleich der
Durch Austausch bzw. wahlweisen Einsatz der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze 2 oder 2' kann so die Brennstoffeindüsung vorgegeben und an veränderte Eigenschaften des Brenngases oder einen variierenden Luftdurchsatz angepasst werden. Anstelle der gezeigten Brennstoffeindüseinsätze 2 und 2' können weitere nicht gezeigte Brennstoffeindüseinsätze eingesteckt werden, die Brennstoffauslässe anderer Form, Anzahl und/oder Ausströmrichtung aufweisen und so beispielsweise eine in
In einer nicht dargestellten Abwandlung sind die Aussparungen im Deckring 10 zur Aufnahme der Einsatzköpfe der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze vollständig rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet und gestatten so eine Aufnahme der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze in den Drallerzeugersegmenten mit beliebig vorgebbarer Orientierung relativ zu ihrer Längs- bzw. Symmetrieachse. Indem die Brennstoffeindüseinsätze beim oder nach dem Einstecken in die Drallerzeugersegmente so gedreht werden, dass ihre Brennstoffauslässe 3 bzw. 3' eine gewünschte Eindüsrichtung vermitteln, und anschließend, beispielsweise durch Verschweißen mit dem Deckring 10 in dieser Winkellage drehfestgelegt werden, kann die Brennstoffeindüsung ebenfalls in gewünschter Weise vorgegeben werden.In a modification, not shown, the recesses in the
In einer weiteren nicht dargestellten Abwandlung sind die Einsatzköpfe 2.1 bzw. 2.1' der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze 2 und/oder 2'sowie die sie aufnehmenden Aussparungen im Deckring 10 derart ausgebildet, dass sie eine Aufnahme der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze in den Drallerzeugersegmenten mit verschiedenen diskreten, gegeneinander um einen Winkel um ihre Längsachse versetzen Orientierung gestatten. Beispielsweise können hierzu die Einsatzköpfe sowie die sie aufnehmenden Aussparungen einen Querschnitt in Form eines regelmäßigen Polyeders aufweisen, etwa eines regelmäßigen 36-Ecks, das um jeweils 10° versetze drehfeste Aufnahmen ermöglicht.In another variation, not shown, the insert heads 2.1 and 2.1 'of the fuel injector inserts 2 and / or 2' and the receiving recesses in the
In der gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführung sind die Brennstoffeindüseinsätze in den radial außenliegenden Eintrittskanten der Drallerzeugersegmente angeordnet. Dies verbindet in vorteilhafter Weise einen abgerundeten Kanaleinlauf durch die zylinderförmigen Einsatzkörper 2.2 bzw. 2.2' der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze, einen Schutz der Einsätze gegen mechanische Umwelteinflüsse, eine günstige thermische Beaufschlagung der Einsätze und eine vorteilhafte Eindüsung des Brennstoffes am oder -je nach Winkellage - vor dem Kanaleintritt, so dass der gesamte Kanal als Mischstrecke genutzt wird.In the preferred embodiment shown, the fuel injector inserts are disposed in the radially outer leading edges of the swirler segments. This advantageously combines a rounded channel inlet through the cylindrical insert body 2.2 or 2.2 'of the fuel injector inserts, a protection of the inserts against mechanical environmental influences, a favorable thermal loading of the inserts and a beneficial injection of the fuel on or - depending on the angular position - before the channel inlet , so that the entire channel is used as a mixing section.
Die in den Eintrittskanten eines Drallerzeugersegmentes angeordneten Brennstoffeindüseinsätze bilden somit vorteilhaft einen Teil der Oberfläche des Drallerzeugersegmentes und ermöglichen so gleichermaßen eine kompakte Integration der Brennstoffeindüseinsätze in die Drallerzeugersegmente und die Variation von deren Außenkontur. Beispielsweise kann der Einsatzkörper eines nicht dargestellten weiteren Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes ebenso wie der Einsatzkopf eine Abflachung aufweisen, in der die Brennstoffauslässe ausgebildet sind. Durch Einsetzen dieser Brennstoffeindüseinsätze anstelle der in
Wird an Stelle des Deckringes 10 und der mit ihm urgeformten, beispielsweise gegossenen, Drallerzeugersegmente 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ein anderer Deckring mit dem Deckel 20 und dem Drallerzeugerboden 30 verschraubt, dessen Drallerzeugersegmente sich in der Form der Kanalseitenflächen, der Kanalhöhe, der Anordnung von Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen oder dergleichen von den in
- 1.1, 1.2, 1.31.1, 1.2, 1.3
- DrallerzeugersegmentSwirl generator segment
- 2; 2'2; 2 '
- BrennstoffeindüseinsatzBrennstoffeindüseinsatz
- 2.1; 2.1'2.1; 2.1 '
- Einsatzkopfinsert head
- 2.2; 2.2'2.2; 2.2 '
- Einsatzkörperinsert body
- 2.3; 2.3'2.3; 2.3 '
- Abflachungflattening
- 3; 3'3; 3 '
- Brennstoffauslassfuel outlet
- 1010
- Deckringcover ring
- 2020
- Deckelcover
- 3030
- DrallerzeugerbodenSwirl generator ground
- 4040
- Schraubescrew
- 5050
- Brennstoffzuleitungfuel supply line
- 6060
- C-RingC-ring
Claims (20)
mit einer Mehrzahl von Drallerzeugersegmenten (1.1, 1.2, 1.3), zwischen denen Kanäle (K) zur Zufuhr von drallbehafteter Luft (L) zu einer Brennkammer der Gasturbine ausgebildet sind,
und Brennstoffeindüseinsätzen (2; 2') zum Eindüsen von Brennstoff in die Kanäle, um Luft und Brennstoff vorzumischen, wobei diese Einsätze (2; 2') in Drallerzeugersegmenten aufgenommen sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine Brennstoffeindüsung in einen Kanal durch die Anordnung eines Brennstoffeindüseinsatzes im Drallerzeugersegment vorgebbar ist.Swirl generator, in particular radial swirl generator, for injecting fuel (B) into a gas turbine,
with a plurality of swirler segments (1.1, 1.2, 1.3), between which channels (K) for supplying swirling air (L) to a combustion chamber of the gas turbine are formed,
and fuel injector inserts (2; 2 ') for injecting fuel into the channels to premix air and fuel, said inserts (2; 2') being received in swirler segments;
characterized in that
a fuel injection into a channel can be predetermined by the arrangement of a fuel injector insert in the swirl generator segment.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009045950A DE102009045950A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2009-10-23 | swirl generator |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2314923A2 true EP2314923A2 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP2314923A3 EP2314923A3 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
EP2314923B1 EP2314923B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
Family
ID=43011897
Family Applications (1)
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EP10171361.8A Active EP2314923B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2010-07-30 | Swirler |
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US (1) | US20110094240A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2314923B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5520767B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2714525C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009045950A1 (en) |
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EP2942563A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Swirler for a burner of a gas turbine engine, burner of a gas turbine engine and gas turbine engine |
WO2015169930A1 (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Swirler for a burner of a gas turbine engine, burner of a gas turbine engine and gas turbine engine |
CN106461228A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2017-02-22 | 西门子股份公司 | Swirler for burner of gas turbine engine, burner of gas turbine engine and gas turbine engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2714525A1 (en) | 2011-04-23 |
DE102009045950A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CA2714525C (en) | 2012-04-17 |
JP2011089759A (en) | 2011-05-06 |
US20110094240A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
EP2314923B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP2314923A3 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
JP5520767B2 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
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