EP2310870A1 - Apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source

Info

Publication number
EP2310870A1
EP2310870A1 EP09738430A EP09738430A EP2310870A1 EP 2310870 A1 EP2310870 A1 EP 2310870A1 EP 09738430 A EP09738430 A EP 09738430A EP 09738430 A EP09738430 A EP 09738430A EP 2310870 A1 EP2310870 A1 EP 2310870A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
source
determining
receivers
characteristic information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09738430A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Souroush Honary
Charles Forsberg
Michael Szczygiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Auto-TXT Ltd
H W Communications Ltd
Covepath Ltd
Original Assignee
Auto-TXT Ltd
H W Communications Ltd
Covepath Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Auto-TXT Ltd, H W Communications Ltd, Covepath Ltd filed Critical Auto-TXT Ltd
Publication of EP2310870A1 publication Critical patent/EP2310870A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0072—Transmission between mobile stations, e.g. anti-collision systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0081—Transmission between base stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/04—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for determining the location of an rf source.
  • Known methods for locating rf sources include triangulation and time-of-arrival comparisons based on signals received at separate locations, however, such methods require relatively complex signal processing to be effective in real world situations.
  • Example embodiments of the present invention aim to address the problems outlined above, and/or other problems.
  • apparatus for determining the location of an rf source comprising: a plurality of receivers arranged to receive an rf signal from the rf source and further arranged to determine characteristic information of such a received signal; apparatus arranged to determine the position of each receiver; and a controller arranged to determine the location of the rf source based on the characteristic information and position information.
  • the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: rf signal strength, direction and timing.
  • the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system.
  • the apparatus to determine the position of each receiver is either each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates.
  • determining the position of each receiver does not rely on satellite positioning.
  • determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques.
  • the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
  • the receivers comprise mobile phones.
  • the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
  • a receiver as described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention.
  • a controller as described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention.
  • a method for determining the location of an rf source comprising: receiving an rf signal from the rf source at a plurality of receivers, the receivers located apart from one another; determining at each receiver characteristic information of the received signal; determining position information of each receiver; and supplying the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver to a controller; and determining at the controller the location of the rf source based on the supplied characteristic information and position information.
  • the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: the signal strength, direction and timing.
  • the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system.
  • the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
  • the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed either at each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates.
  • the step of determining the position of each receiver does not rely on positioning system in whose frequency band the rf source operates.
  • the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques.
  • the receivers comprise wireless communication devices, preferably mobile phones.
  • the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
  • Figure 1 shows apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for determining the location of an rf source
  • Figure 2 shows a method according to an example embodiment of the invention, the method for determining the location of an rf source.
  • Figure 1 shows apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention, including a plurality of receivers 10 arranged to receive an rf signal from an rf source 20, and a controller 30.
  • the receivers 10 comprise mobile phones operating within a GSM network 40 and having satellite positioning capabilities. Each receiver 10 in this embodiment has a secondary positioning capability not dependent on the receipt of satellite positioning signals.
  • the controller 30 is also operatively coupled to the GSM network 40.
  • the rf source 20 is a jamming device transmitting in a rf band used for satellite positioning.
  • Each of the receivers 10 receives rf signals from the rf source 20 which adversely affect the satellite positioning capabilities of the receivers 10.
  • the receivers 10 are arranged to derive characteristic information from the signals received from the rf source 20, the characteristic information representative of one or more of: the received signal strength, the direction of the received signal and the timing of receipt.
  • the receivers 10 are arranged to collect the characteristic information and transmit it to the controller 30. In this embodiment such transmission may conveniently be achieved using the GSM network 40.
  • the receivers 10 also collect position information using their secondary positioning capability and transmit it to the controller 30. Again such transmission may conveniently be achieved using the GSM network 40.
  • the secondary positioning capability of the receivers 10 may for example be provided using GSM positioning techniques or other techniques. Various GSM positioning techniques are known, and may be performed by the receivers 10 themselves or by parts of the GSM network 40 within which the receivers 10 operate. Other secondary positioning techniques include e.g. techniques based on optical or other imaging or video techniques.
  • the controller 30 receives the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver 10 and determines the location of the rf source 20 based on the characteristic information and position information.
  • the plurality of receivers 10 acts as a mobile ad-hoc network, which provides the characteristic and position information to the controller 30 at any required instance.
  • the controller 30 determines, based on the information received, a database of rf source-to-receiver distances, from which the position of the rf source 20 is determined.
  • the controller 30 may receive from the receivers characteristic information such as time of arrival of parts of the received rf signal. By correlating the rf signal received by the receivers and using the time of arrival information the controller 30 is able to compute hyperbolae that pass through the location of the rf source. Many other methods of determining rf source position based on the information received are also possible and may be used by the controller 30.
  • the example embodiment described above may make use of a large number of receivers 10 such as privately owned mobile phones used by subscribers to the GSM network 40, for example under terms agreed with the operator of the GSM network 40.
  • the receivers 10 may be dedicated hardware units deployed specifically for the purpose of rf source location determination. Such dedicated hardware units may employ any of a range of secondary positioning techniques, and may conveniently be mounted in vehicles to speed up the determination process.
  • both types of receivers may be used together.
  • the controller functionality may be provided at or by one or more of the receivers.
  • Figure 2 shows steps in a method of determining the location of an rf source according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method comprises as a first step receiving an rf signal from the rf source at a plurality of receivers (S100).
  • the next step is determining, at each receiver, characteristic information of the received signal (S1 10).
  • the receivers are located apart from one another to provide position dependent characteristic information.
  • the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: the signal strength, direction and timing.
  • the next step is determining position information of each receiver (S120).
  • the position information from each receiver is generated independently of any rf signal that is transmitted by the rf source, meaning that the method is unaffected in circumstances when the rf source transmits a jamming signal.
  • the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver are supplied to a controller (S130), either remote from each receiver or integrated with one or more receivers.
  • the controller determines the location of the rf source based on the supplied characteristic information and position information (S140).
  • the example embodiments described make effective use of existing hardware to allow accurate and rapid determination of the location of an rf transmitter.
  • the example embodiments are particularly suited to determining the location of a transmitter operating in the rf band used for satellite positioning, as these embodiments do not require access to satellite positioning information to function.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source (20) are described. An rf signal from the rf source (20) is received at a plurality of receivers (10), the receivers (10) being located apart from one another such as in a mobile ad-hoc network. Each receiver (10) determines characteristic information of the received signal, while also determining its position. The characteristic information and position information of each receiver (10) are sent to a controller (30). The controller (30) operates to determine the location of the rf source (20) based on the supplied characteristic information and position information.

Description

Apparatus and Method for Determining the Location of an RF Source
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for determining the location of an rf source.
Background to the Invention
Known methods for locating rf sources include triangulation and time-of-arrival comparisons based on signals received at separate locations, however, such methods require relatively complex signal processing to be effective in real world situations.
In recent years positioning systems typified by constellations such as GPS, GLONASS and BEIDOU have been developed that are useful in many applications, and which could be used in locating an rf source. Interference, including deliberate jamming, in the rf band used for satellite positioning is potentially very disruptive, as a relatively low power interference signal can affect positioning devices over a wide area. Furthermore, such interference can make determining the location of an rf source using positioning systems ineffective unless expensive antenna equipment such as the GAS-1 CRPA antenna array from Raytheon is used.
Example embodiments of the present invention aim to address the problems outlined above, and/or other problems.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for determining the location of an rf source, the apparatus comprising: a plurality of receivers arranged to receive an rf signal from the rf source and further arranged to determine characteristic information of such a received signal; apparatus arranged to determine the position of each receiver; and a controller arranged to determine the location of the rf source based on the characteristic information and position information.
Suitably, the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: rf signal strength, direction and timing.
Suitably, the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system. Suitably, the apparatus to determine the position of each receiver is either each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates. Suitably, determining the position of each receiver does not rely on satellite positioning. Suitably, determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques. Suitably, the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
Suitably, the receivers comprise mobile phones.
Suitably, the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a receiver as described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention. According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a controller as described above in relation to the first aspect of the invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for determining the location of an rf source, the method comprising: receiving an rf signal from the rf source at a plurality of receivers, the receivers located apart from one another; determining at each receiver characteristic information of the received signal; determining position information of each receiver; and supplying the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver to a controller; and determining at the controller the location of the rf source based on the supplied characteristic information and position information.
Suitably, the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: the signal strength, direction and timing.
Suitably, the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system. Suitably the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
Suitably, the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed either at each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates. Suitably, the step of determining the position of each receiver does not rely on positioning system in whose frequency band the rf source operates. Suitably, the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques.
Suitably, the receivers comprise wireless communication devices, preferably mobile phones. Suitably, the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
Brief Introduction to the Drawings
For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for determining the location of an rf source; and
Figure 2 shows a method according to an example embodiment of the invention, the method for determining the location of an rf source.
Description of Example Embodiments
Figure 1 shows apparatus according to an example embodiment of the invention, including a plurality of receivers 10 arranged to receive an rf signal from an rf source 20, and a controller 30.
In this embodiment the receivers 10 comprise mobile phones operating within a GSM network 40 and having satellite positioning capabilities. Each receiver 10 in this embodiment has a secondary positioning capability not dependent on the receipt of satellite positioning signals. The controller 30 is also operatively coupled to the GSM network 40. In this embodiment the rf source 20 is a jamming device transmitting in a rf band used for satellite positioning.
Each of the receivers 10 receives rf signals from the rf source 20 which adversely affect the satellite positioning capabilities of the receivers 10. However, the receivers 10 are arranged to derive characteristic information from the signals received from the rf source 20, the characteristic information representative of one or more of: the received signal strength, the direction of the received signal and the timing of receipt.
The receivers 10 are arranged to collect the characteristic information and transmit it to the controller 30. In this embodiment such transmission may conveniently be achieved using the GSM network 40. The receivers 10 also collect position information using their secondary positioning capability and transmit it to the controller 30. Again such transmission may conveniently be achieved using the GSM network 40. The secondary positioning capability of the receivers 10 may for example be provided using GSM positioning techniques or other techniques. Various GSM positioning techniques are known, and may be performed by the receivers 10 themselves or by parts of the GSM network 40 within which the receivers 10 operate. Other secondary positioning techniques include e.g. techniques based on optical or other imaging or video techniques.
The controller 30 receives the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver 10 and determines the location of the rf source 20 based on the characteristic information and position information. The plurality of receivers 10 acts as a mobile ad-hoc network, which provides the characteristic and position information to the controller 30 at any required instance. The controller 30 determines, based on the information received, a database of rf source-to-receiver distances, from which the position of the rf source 20 is determined. In other embodiments the controller 30 may receive from the receivers characteristic information such as time of arrival of parts of the received rf signal. By correlating the rf signal received by the receivers and using the time of arrival information the controller 30 is able to compute hyperbolae that pass through the location of the rf source. Many other methods of determining rf source position based on the information received are also possible and may be used by the controller 30.
The example embodiment described above may make use of a large number of receivers 10 such as privately owned mobile phones used by subscribers to the GSM network 40, for example under terms agreed with the operator of the GSM network 40. In another example embodiment the receivers 10 may be dedicated hardware units deployed specifically for the purpose of rf source location determination. Such dedicated hardware units may employ any of a range of secondary positioning techniques, and may conveniently be mounted in vehicles to speed up the determination process. In yet another example embodiment both types of receivers may be used together. In still yet another example embodiment the controller functionality may be provided at or by one or more of the receivers.
Figure 2 shows steps in a method of determining the location of an rf source according to an example embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises as a first step receiving an rf signal from the rf source at a plurality of receivers (S100). The next step is determining, at each receiver, characteristic information of the received signal (S1 10). The receivers are located apart from one another to provide position dependent characteristic information. The characteristic information is representative of one or more of: the signal strength, direction and timing.
The next step is determining position information of each receiver (S120). The position information from each receiver is generated independently of any rf signal that is transmitted by the rf source, meaning that the method is unaffected in circumstances when the rf source transmits a jamming signal.
Then, the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver are supplied to a controller (S130), either remote from each receiver or integrated with one or more receivers. The controller then determines the location of the rf source based on the supplied characteristic information and position information (S140).
The example embodiments described make effective use of existing hardware to allow accurate and rapid determination of the location of an rf transmitter. The example embodiments are particularly suited to determining the location of a transmitter operating in the rf band used for satellite positioning, as these embodiments do not require access to satellite positioning information to function.
Attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

Claims

1 . An apparatus for determining the location of an rf source, the apparatus comprising: a plurality of receivers arranged to receive an rf signal from the rf source and further arranged to determine characteristic information of such a received signal; apparatus arranged to determine the position of each receiver; and a controller arranged to determine the location of the rf source based on the characteristic information and position information.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: rf signal strength, direction and timing.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system.
4. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus to determine the position of each receiver is either each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates.
5. The apparatus of any preceding claims, wherein determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques alone.
6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
7. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the receivers comprise mobile phones.
8. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
9. A method for determining the location of an rf source, the method comprising: receiving an rf signal from the rf source at a plurality of receivers, the receivers located apart from one another; determining at each receiver characteristic information of the received signal; determining position information of each receiver; and supplying the characteristic information and the position information of each receiver to a controller; and determining at the controller the location of the rf source based on the supplied characteristic information and position information.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic information is representative of one or more of: the signal strength, direction and timing.
1 1 . The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the rf source transmits in a band used by a positioning system.
12. The method of claim 9, 10 or 1 1 , wherein the positioning system is a satellite positioning system.
13. The method of any one of claim 9-12, wherein the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed either at each receiver itself, or a device in a network infrastructure within which each receiver operates.
14. The method of any one of claims 9-13, wherein the step of determining the position of each receiver does not rely on positioning system in whose frequency band the rf source operates.
15. The method of any one of claims 9-14, wherein the step of determining the position of each receiver is performed based on GSM positioning techniques.
16. The method of any one of claims 9-15, wherein the receivers comprise wireless communication devices in the form of mobile phones.
17. The method of any one of claims 9-16, wherein the plurality of receivers comprises a mobile ad-hoc network.
EP09738430A 2008-05-01 2009-04-29 Apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source Withdrawn EP2310870A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0807947A GB0807947D0 (en) 2008-05-01 2008-05-01 Apparatus and method for determining the location of an RF source
PCT/GB2009/050444 WO2009133400A1 (en) 2008-05-01 2009-04-29 Apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2310870A1 true EP2310870A1 (en) 2011-04-20

Family

ID=39537126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09738430A Withdrawn EP2310870A1 (en) 2008-05-01 2009-04-29 Apparatus and method for determining the location of an rf source

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2310870A1 (en)
GB (1) GB0807947D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2009133400A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2338374A (en) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-15 Motorola Ltd Locating a mobile telephone using time of arrival measurements
GB2387072B (en) * 2002-03-28 2004-09-22 Motorola Inc Mobile communication stations, methods and systems

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009133400A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009133400A1 (en) 2009-11-05
GB0807947D0 (en) 2008-06-11

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