EP2307824B1 - Device and method for efficient condensation - Google Patents
Device and method for efficient condensation Download PDFInfo
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- EP2307824B1 EP2307824B1 EP09768974.9A EP09768974A EP2307824B1 EP 2307824 B1 EP2307824 B1 EP 2307824B1 EP 09768974 A EP09768974 A EP 09768974A EP 2307824 B1 EP2307824 B1 EP 2307824B1
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- condenser
- liquid
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- evaporator
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/182—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing especially adapted for evaporator or condenser surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/04—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for withdrawing non-condensible gases
- F25B43/043—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for withdrawing non-condensible gases for compression type systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the evaporation of surfaces and in particular to the use of evaporation and condensation on surfaces in heat pumps.
- WO 92/15839 shows a condensing with a plurality of turbulence generators.
- a liquid layer such as occurs in an evaporator of a heat pump, due to the typical stratification, which is observed in liquids and in particular water as the working liquid, a heat distribution, which consists in that the top section is cooled in the evaporator, while the lower portion of the layer has almost the same temperature of the working fluid as that supplied by a heat source.
- the object of the present invention is to obtain a more efficient concept for surface condenser.
- the condensation efficiency is increased by providing turbulence generators on the condenser surface, and these turbulence generators cause stratification of the liquid on the condenser surface to be avoided or constantly disrupted.
- the upper warm layer which has absorbed heat from the condensation process, is brought down and at the same time colder liquid is brought up in the condenser to be warmed up by the condensing vapor.
- a laminarizer is provided on the condenser side, which is configured to laminarize the vapor stream directed to the working fluid.
- the present invention relates to a condenser in a condenser space, the condenser space having laminarizing means for laminarizing a gas flow directed onto a liquid surface in the condenser, the laminarizer being arranged to produce a gas flow at least halfway therethrough is turbulent like a gas stream fed to the laminarizer, the condenser being provided with turbulence generators such that a water stream on the condenser surface has turbulence, preferably comprising at least 20% of the total water flow.
- the present invention achieves, with the simplest measures, a significant increase in the evaporation efficiency and the condenser efficiency, which increase can either be used to produce a higher performance evaporator or condenser. Alternatively, however, it is preferred to use this substantial increase in efficiency to be able to interpret an evaporator and a condenser much smaller and more compact, while still achieving a certain performance. This is particularly advantageous for use in a heat pump for building heating for smaller and medium-sized buildings, because in buildings, and in particular in residential buildings, the space is typically limited.
- turbulence generators and laminarizers can be implemented with the simplest means, and the simple measures eliminate all electronic / electrical items.
- a device for generating vortices is provided on the condenser side.
- This water vortex generating device the plurality of so-called. "Vortex generator” 40, as shown in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b shown, results in that the water flow 41, which leads to a liquid layer on a funnel-shaped evaporator 42 or a funnel-shaped condenser 43, via the vortex generator or "vortex generator” runs.
- the water flow from which it is intended to evaporate or into which it is to be condensed is continuously subjected to turbulence.
- the lower layer of the water film is continuously mixed with the upper layer of the water film.
- Vortex generators various materials can be used, such as a chain link fence, as shown schematically in Fig. 1 is drawn.
- This chain link fence is arranged in the water flow, in such a way that the wire is an obstacle to the flow of water and constantly leads to a division of the flow and in a sense to a "refolding" and thus to a vortex generation in the water layer.
- the in Fig. 1 Wire mesh also known as “hare wire” has turbulence cells with a diameter of between 0.5 mm to 3 mm and preferably of 1 mm, the spacing of these turbulence cells being approximately equal to one to ten times the diameter of a turbulence cell or a vortex generator is.
- Vortex generators are used, such as on the funnel-shaped evaporator pyramids, which effectively “cut” and “fold” the water flow, so that water from the lower portion of the liquid film is brought up and vice versa. This ensures that on the evaporator side, the in Fig. 4a sketched, constantly “warmer” water is brought to the evaporator surface and colder water, ie water that has already released its energy is mixed down.
- the vortex generators can be used both in the evaporator and in the condenser, the condenser performance can be increased without vortex generator 40 when a gas flow laminarizer 48 is used.
- a gas flow laminarizer may be, for example, a honeycomb material in the form of a honeycomb, such as in Fig. 2 shown to be achieved.
- the temperature gradient as a function of location is very large in the case of non-laminar flow at the liquid surface.
- laminarization of the gas flow according to the invention however, a smaller gradient is achieved directly on the liquid surface.
- the energetic conditions of the gas better match the energetic conditions of the liquid, so that the efficiency of the condensation process is significantly increased.
- the laminarizer is used with the vortex generators 40 to achieve even higher condenser performance. however Even without vortex generator on the condenser side or without laminator 48 on the condenser side, the efficiency is already sustainably increased.
- both the vortex generators 40 in the liquid layer on the condenser side and thus also the laminarizer 48 for laminarizing the flow of the gas.
- Capacitor performance can be achieved that is up to 100 times higher than capacitor powers without vortex generators and / or laminators.
- Fig. 1 is, as has already been stated, as vortex generators a wire mesh is shown, which is surrounded by water, with the result that in the working fluid, which need not necessarily be water, but preferably is water, turbulence generation occurs. This leads to a very uniform temperature distribution in the outflowing fluid stream. In a laminar flow, ie without the wire mesh as an example of turbulence generator, however, only a cooling takes place on the surface.
- honeycomb structure for laminarization of the gas flow serves to achieve a gentler temperature gradient to the fluid surface. This results in a statistically higher probability of finding molecules with the right amount of energy to condense on the surface.
- a turbulent gas stream such as is usually supplied by a compressor, and in particular a turbo-compressor, is used, an extremely steep temperature gradient is produced and condensation is thereby hindered.
- Fig. 3 shows turbulent water (fluid) on a condenser to increase condenser performance.
- FIG. 5 An arrangement of a device, which is also referred to as a gas trap 50, in the condenser 51 is a heat pump in Fig. 5 shown.
- a heat pump in which the condenser is disposed above an evaporator, although this arrangement does not necessarily have to be used to implement a gas trap.
- the steam enters via a first gas channel 52 in a compressor 53 and is compressed there and ejected via a second gas passage 54.
- the gas discharged there is preferably directed by a laminarizer 55 according to the invention, which may be honeycomb-shaped or otherwise, to a condenser water via a condenser water channel 56 via a plate-shaped or funnel-shaped Kondensiererablauf 57 runs to the side.
- a laminarizer 55 which may be honeycomb-shaped or otherwise, to a condenser water via a condenser water channel 56 via a plate-shaped or funnel-shaped Kondensiererablauf 57 runs to the side.
- the condenser outlet 57 is typically rotationally symmetrical and is preferably provided with a turbulence generator 58 according to the invention in order to increase the condensing efficiency.
- a sealing lip 59 is provided, which separates the lower gas region 60 from the upper gas region 61.
- the sealing lip 59 does not necessarily provide a complete seal. However, it ensures that the foreign gas transported by the condenser water on the condenser 57 accumulates in the region 60 below the condenser outlet 57.
- the foreign gases because they are heavier than water vapor, fall into the gas trap 50 due to gravity.
- a diffusion process acts against the force of gravity, to the extent that the foreign gases in the region 60 and in the gas trap also want the same concentration. This diffusion process therefore counteracts the gravitational effect of the gas trap.
- the effect of the sealing lip 59 which separates the area above the condenser outlet and the Verissueertrichters 57 from the area below this element 57 is reinforced by the fact that the laminarizer 55 is present, since the foreign gases, as soon as they affect the water flow 56 on the Condenser expire 57, can not go away, but to a certain extent be forced to run in the direction of the sealing lip and under the sealing lip to accumulate in the vicinity of the gas trap 50.
- This behavior is further enhanced by the turbulence generator 58, as a result of which a more turbulent flow is present, which is also a has higher efficiency to capture foreign gas, which is in the upper region 61, so to speak, and mitzusutragen.
- Fig. 6a shows a schematic diagram of the functionality, based on the heat pump or the heat pump condenser 51 of Fig. 5 has been shown.
- Fig. 6a is particularly emphasized how the space 260 is separated below the drain 57 by the sealing lip 59 of the upper portion 61.
- This separation must, as it is in Fig. 6a is clearly not hermetic, as long as there is a higher probability that foreign gases to the turbulent water vapor, which has been laminarized by the laminarizer 55, however, as shown by arrows 69, with a higher probability the way in the lower area 60th follow, as indicated by an arrow 68, in comparison to the probability that the foreign gases re-enter the upper area 61.
- an enrichment in foreign gases will take place in the region 60, so that the diffusion effect is effectively reduced out of the gas trap 50 and the efficiency of the gas trap is not significantly impaired.
- the gas trap be similar to FIG. 6b train.
- the gas trap has a relatively long neck 70 which extends between the sump 71 and a preferably present inlet region 72, which may be funnel-shaped. It is not essential, however, the length of the neck 70, but that at least the lower part of the collecting container 10 in a cold area, such as the evaporator 2 of the heat pump is arranged. This means that warm water vapor from the area 60 of the condenser enters into contact with a cold surface of the collecting container 1, which leads to a condensation of the steam.
- a laminarizing device 73 such as in the form of a honeycomb-shaped structure, is also arranged at the funnel opening in order to improve the efficiency of the gas trap.
- the system can be implemented if the heat pump is designed so that the condenser is located above the evaporator.
- the throat 70 passes down through the condenser and into the evaporator to create a cold wall of condensation which on the one hand leads to a continuous flow of gas into the gas trap and on the other hand always ensures that there is water in the gas trap. which can be heated to increase the pressure in the sump, such that at certain events a foreign gas discharge can take place.
- Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a heat pump for building heating.
- the heat pump for building heating is preferably designed so that single-family homes or smaller apartment buildings can be heated.
- the heat pump for building heating according to an embodiment of the present invention is intended to heat smaller residential buildings with less than 10 housing units and preferably less than 5 housing units.
- the heat pump comprises an evaporator with an evaporator housing 42 'with turbulence generators. The steam generated in the evaporator is fed via a steam line 100 to a compressor 102.
- Compressor 102 compresses the vapor and passes the compressed vapor through a compressed vapor steam line, labeled 104, into a condenser of the invention having a condenser housing 43 'having either turbulence generators or a laminarizer, or preferably both, for more efficient condensing to create.
- the evaporator receives the liquid to be evaporated via a feed line 106, and the condenser discharges the condensed liquid via a discharge line 108.
- the condenser 43 has a flow 110a with temperatures, for example in the range of 40 ° for underfloor heating and a return 110b of the building heating.
- the same liquid can flow as in the condenser, without a heat exchanger is provided.
- a heat exchanger may also be provided a heat exchanger, so that the flow 110a and the return 110b to a in Fig. 7 not shown heat exchanger go and do not go into an actual radiator.
- drain line 108 may lead to an open water reservoir, such as groundwater, seawater, brine, river water, etc.
- supply line 106 may be groundwater, seawater, river water, brine, etc.
- a closed system can be used, as indicated by the dashed connecting lines to a connecting element 110.
- the connector 110 ensures that the liquid condensed in the condenser is fed back into the evaporator, taking into account corresponding pressure differences.
- the liquid 106 in the feed line carries heat from the groundwater but is not groundwater, in which case a heat exchanger is placed in a groundwater reservoir to circulate the then circulating liquid in the line 106 , which is then designed as a return line to warm up, so that the heat transferred from the groundwater is brought into the heating flow 110a via the heat pump process.
- the working fluid in the evaporator and in the condenser is water.
- other working fluids may be used, such as heat transfer fluids specially designed for heat pumps.
- water is preferred because of its particular suitability for the process. Another significant benefit of water is that it is climate neutral.
- the evaporator 42 In order to evaporate water at temperatures of about 10 ° C, the evaporator 42 is provided with an evaporator housing, which is designed to hold a pressure in the evaporator at least in the vicinity of the evaporator surface, in which the water flowing in the feed line 106 evaporates , If water is used as the working fluid, pressures in the evaporator will be below 30 mbar and even below 10 mbar.
- pressures will be more than 40 mbar and less than 200 or 150 mbar.
- a condenser housing is formed to hold these respective pressures. Pressures that are preferred to condensation temperatures of 30 ° C or below or 22 ° C or below are preferred.
- Fig. 8A shows a plan view of an evaporator or condenser with wire sections as turbulence generators
- Fig. 8B shows a longitudinal section of the evaporator, which could also be analogous to the condenser, if appropriate flow / return lines, etc. are taken into account and the Kondensierer crampkeit is not externally supplied and sensed, but would circulate.
- the evaporator comprises an evaporator surface or condenser surface 80 on which turbulence generators 40 are arranged.
- the turbulence generators 40 are individual wire sections which are formed together, for example, as a spiral 82. At the same time, the turbulence generators could also be separated as more or less be formed concentric wire rings, however, the use of a spiral in the handling and assembly is easier.
- adjacent wire portions 84a, 84b which each have a diameter d, spaced by a distance D d , wherein the distance D d is greater than the diameter d of a wire portion and preferably is less than three times the diameter.
- the wire sections in Fig. 8A drawn with circular cross section the cross section of the wire sections may be arbitrary.
- Fig. 8B shows in longitudinal section a funnel-shaped evaporator or condenser or a funnel-shaped evaporator surface or Kondensiererober formula 80.
- the wire sections are directly attached.
- the wire portions may also be spaced as long as relative positioning of the turbulence generators 40 to the surface 80 is provided, such that it engages the working fluid present on the surface 80 with the turbulence generators to cause turbulence.
- the surface 80 for both the evaporator and the condenser is preferably shaped so that the working fluid supplied via a working fluid inlet 86 does not only stand on the surface 80, as would be the case if the surface were completely horizontal almost non-existent inflow would be present, but that the working fluid flows on the surface due to gravity.
- the surface 80 comprises at least one inclined plane.
- the surface is funnel-shaped and the inflow port 86 is centrally located relative to the working surface such that the working fluid does not flow off only on one side with respect to the supply port, but flows off to all sides.
- an implementation would also be useful for certain applications where e.g.
- a flat surface which is arranged as an inclined plane and is arranged at the highest point of the inlet 86, so that the working fluid is not on several sides of the inlet, but substantially in a limited sector, such as 30 °, 60 ° or 90 ° with respect to the inlet flows on the surface, there to engage with the turbulence generators 40.
- the working surface may also be pyramidal or cone-shaped or uneven or curved in cross-section, as long as in the working position of the evaporator or condenser the working fluid copes with a height difference from the force of gravity.
- Figs. 9A and 9B show a plan view of an alternative surface 80 of an evaporator or condenser, in which no wire sections as in FIG Fig. 8A are present, but elevations or depressions are present in the work surface.
- Fig. 9B only increases are shown. However, the pits will be implemented similarly, but in a sense "negative” to the increases shown.
- the turbulence generators 40 protrude from the surface or are set back relative to the surface, so to speak "holes" in the surface 80, wherein preferably the turbulence generators 40 protrude so strongly over the surface that they at least with their tip on a state of the working fluid 41 on protrude the surface 80.
- the turbulence generators 40 may have any shapes as shown in FIG Fig. 9B is indicated. The more abrupt the shapes are, the more “swirls” or turbulences are created. At the same time, however, the turbulence generators can also be designed to achieve "splitting" and "folding" of the water flow with special forms.
- the turbulence generators may also be e.g. be implemented by projecting into the working fluid elements, such as bars, etc., which are not firmly connected to the surface 80, but e.g. suspended above the surface 80.
- these rods can also be moved to generate particularly strong turbulence.
- Turbulence can thus be generated in many different ways, with turbulence generators being able to be firmly connected to the work surface 80 to create these turbulences, or else being positioned statically or dynamically relative to the work surface, as long as, preferably, at least 20% of the total Water flow are provided with turbulence.
- turbulence generators as close to the entire working surface of the evaporator or condenser as possible so that between 90% and nearly 100% of the total flow is turbulent or more than 80% of surface area 80% and more than 90% of the liquid on the surface 80 are in turbulence.
- Fig. 10A shows a cross-section through a laminarizer with various laminarization 120.
- Laminarisiererzellen 120 Above the Laminarisiererzellen 120 is turbulent vapor at a temperature ⁇ D , as it is schematically indicated by the non-directional steam arrows 122.
- laminarized vapor 124 Below the laminarization cells 120, however, there is shown laminarized vapor 124, which, due to the fact that it is close to the liquid of the condenser on the condenser surface 80, has a temperature of about equal to ⁇ w . 9w is lower than ⁇ D.
- the temperature of the non-directional steam ⁇ D may be much higher than the temperature of the water ⁇ w . Nevertheless, no steam coolers, etc. are required, since the laminarizer 48 with the individual laminarizer cells 120, which are separated by walls 121, the in Fig. 10b forced temperature distribution enforces.
- the laminarizer is honeycomb or tubing, as long as there are individual laminar cells 120 more or less parallel and internally preferably smooth, causing laminarization, as shown by directional vapor flow 124.
- the laminator does not necessarily have to achieve perfect 100% laminarization as long as the gas stream at the exit of the laminarizer is less turbulent than the gas stream at the entrance of the laminarizer.
- the laminarizer cells or the laminarizer as a whole are designed such that the output laminarized steam flow is at least half as turbulent as the input-side turbulent steam flow.
- the length of a laminarizer cell 120 be about 10 mm long when the diameter of the laminarizer cell is 5 mm.
- the length is longer than 1 mm.
- Other favorable example dimensions are: if the Diameter greater than 5 mm, the length is greater than 10 mm, and if the diameter is smaller than 5 mm, the length is smaller than 10 mm.
- the distance D L between the exit of the laminarizer cells 120 and the surface of the liquid is relatively small and in particular less than 50 mm preferably less than 25 mm, or preferably less than 6 mm.
- This also forces the gas or vaporized working fluid, as it leaves the laminarizer cells 120, to have a temperature that is nearly equal to or only slightly higher than the temperature of the water. This ensures that the steam particles in the flow do not "bounce off” from the water or again have a steam-generating effect, but are absorbed by condensation into the water, since only in this way does particularly efficient heat transfer take place from the steam to the water.
- the laminarizer according to the invention provides a considerable increase in the efficiency of condensation.
- the higher the temperature of the steam relative to the temperature of the condensing liquid the efficiency in power per area has greatly decreased. So you can say that with a superheating of the steam of 10 ° only 10% condensing capacity was possible.
- a considerably greater power is achieved with the same area, which, depending on the implementation, can be 40-200 kW / m 2 or even more. This means at least a twentyfold increase in efficiency with simple measures.
- Another advantage is that the efficiency is relatively independent of the temperature of the non-directional steam. Therefore, it is according to the invention readily possible to condense a vapor having a temperature of for example above 150 ° C with a water, which is for example at 40 ° C.
- the laminarizer therefore provides a decoupling of the condensing efficiency from the steam temperature at the outlet of the compressor.
- the compressor can be dimensioned according to its requirements and it no longer has to be taken into account in the dimensioning of the compressor according to the present invention, which thermal conditions are necessary for condensing.
- the turbulence generators and the laminarization device can not be formed as two separate elements but also by one and the same element.
- a fiber web or a fiber mat of preferably non-absorbent fibers may be laid on the evaporator surface or the condenser surface, wherein the surface of the fiber fabric projects beyond the level of the liquid, preferably more than 3 mm and in particular more than 5 mm.
- the liquid flows around the fibers, creating turbulence.
- the flooded fibers are the turbulence generators.
- the non-lapping fibers project beyond the liquid, on the other hand, constitute the laminarizer.
- the friction of the vapor on the fibers results in laminarization of the vapor.
- the material of the fibers is plastic or metal, and the fiber fabric is for example metal wool or especially steel wool.
- Embodiments relate to an evaporator 42 for evaporating a working fluid 41, having the following features: an evaporator surface 80, on which the working fluid to be evaporated is to be arranged; and a plurality of turbulence generators 40 configured to generate turbulence in the working fluid to be evaporated on the evaporator surface 80.
- An embodiment of the evaporator includes an evaporator housing 42 'in which the evaporator surface 80 is disposed, and configured to maintain a pressure in the evaporator housing at the evaporator surface 80 that is such that the working fluid reaches when the working fluid reaches the evaporator surface , has a boiling temperature or a temperature which is in a range which extends from a temperature equal to the boiling point -10 Kelvin to a temperature equal to the boiling temperature + 10 Kelvin.
- the evaporator housing 42 in one embodiment, the evaporator housing 42 'includes a working fluid inlet 106 and a working fluid vapor discharge opening 100, wherein the discharge opening 100 is adapted to be coupled to an input of a compressor 102 for compressing the vapor.
- the evaporator surface 80 is inclined in a working position, the working fluid being supplied to the evaporator surface 80 such that the working fluid flows from a supply 86a to a drain 86b from the evaporator surface 80 due to gravity.
- the evaporator surface is pyramidal, conical, funnel-shaped or in the form of an inclined plane, wherein the inclined plane is flat or not plan.
- a feed for the working fluid from the evaporator surface 80 is surrounded so that the working fluid flows on several sides of the feed over the evaporator surface 80 83.
- the turbulence generators 40 are formed by a component 82 separated from the evaporator surface or by elevations or depressions 90 on the evaporator surface 80.
- the turbulence generators 40 are formed by wire sections 84a, 84b on the evaporator surface, which are fixed relative to the evaporator surface and arranged such that a flow direction 83 of the working fluid intersects a direction in which the wire sections are located.
- the turbulence generators are formed as interconnected helical wire sections, wherein a distance between two adjacent wire sections in the flow direction 83 of the working fluid is greater than the diameter of a wire section and less than three times the diameter of the wire section.
- the elevations 90 or the depressions are dimensioned such that an impinging working fluid can be put into turbulence.
- the protrusions 90 have a height at which they extend over the surface 80, which is higher than a level of the working fluid on the evaporator surface 80 in an operation of the evaporator.
- the turbulence generators are configured such that a stream of water on the evaporator surface has turbulences, which preferably comprise at least 20% of the total liquid flow on the evaporator.
- the working fluid is water.
- One embodiment relates to a method for vaporizing 42 a working fluid 41 comprising the following steps: arranging a working fluid to be evaporated on an evaporator surface 80; and generating turbulence 40 in the working fluid to be evaporated on the evaporator surface 80.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Verdampfen bzw. Kondensieren an Oberflächen und insbesondere auf eine Anwendung des Verdampfens und Kondensierens an Oberflächen in Wärmepumpen.
Eine Flüssigkeitsschicht, wie sie beispielsweise in einem Verdampfer einer Wärmepumpe auftritt, nimmt aufgrund der typischen Schichtung, die bei Flüssigkeiten und insbesondere bei Wasser als Arbeitsflüssigkeit zu beobachten ist, eine Wärmeverteilung ein, die darin besteht, dass im Verdampfer der oberste Abschnitt abgekühlt wird, während der untere Abschnitt der Schicht nahezu dieselbe Temperatur der Arbeitsflüssigkeit hat, wie sie von einer Wärmequelle zugeführt wird.A liquid layer, such as occurs in an evaporator of a heat pump, due to the typical stratification, which is observed in liquids and in particular water as the working liquid, a heat distribution, which consists in that the top section is cooled in the evaporator, while the lower portion of the layer has almost the same temperature of the working fluid as that supplied by a heat source.
Ähnlich verhält sich die Situation bei Kondensierern für Wärmepumpen. Dort tritt der komprimierte und damit aufgeheizte Dampf aus Arbeitsflüssigkeit, wie beispielsweise Wasserdampf, wenn als Arbeitsflüssigkeit Wasser verwendet wird, auf eine "kalte" Flüssigkeitsschicht auf. Dies führt dazu, dass lediglich die Oberfläche der Flüssigkeitsschicht im Kondensierer erwärmt wird, während der untere Abschnitt der Flüssigkeitsschicht im Verdampfer, der nicht direkt mit dem Dampf in Kontakt kommt, nicht erwärmt wird.The situation is similar for condensers for heat pumps. There, the compressed and thus heated steam from working fluid, such as water vapor, when water is used as a working fluid, occurs on a "cold" liquid layer. As a result, only the surface of the liquid layer in the condenser is heated, while the lower portion of the liquid layer in the evaporator, which does not come into direct contact with the steam, is not heated.
Darüber hinaus existiert beim Verdampfer einer Wärmepumpe noch die Problematik, dass der komprimierte und aufgeheizte Dampf überhitzt sein kann, was bedeutet, dass trotz der Tatsache, dass der Dampf auf die aufzuheizende Flüssigkeit trifft, dennoch die Wärmeübertragung vom Dampf in die Flüssigkeit begrenzt ist.Moreover, in the evaporator of a heat pump, the problem still exists that the compressed and heated steam can be overheated, which means that despite the fact that the steam meets the liquid to be heated, the heat transfer from the steam into the liquid is limited.
Alle diese Probleme führten dazu, dass der Wirkungsgrad beim Verdampfen bzw. beim Kondensieren reduziert wird. Um dennoch eine Wärmepumpe beispielsweise mit ausreichender Leistung zu erzeugen, muss daher die Querschnittsfläche des Verdampfers bzw. muss die Querschnittsfläche des Kondensierers sehr groß gewählt werden.All of these problems have reduced the efficiency of evaporation or condensation. In order nevertheless to produce a heat pump, for example, with sufficient power, therefore, the cross-sectional area of the evaporator or the cross-sectional area of the condenser must be very large.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein effizienteres Konzept zum Oberflächenkondensieren zu beschaffen.The object of the present invention is to obtain a more efficient concept for surface condenser.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Kondensierer gemäß Patentanspruch 1, eine Wärmepumpe gemäß Patentanspruch 14 oder ein Verfahren zum Kondensieren gemäß Patentanspruch 15 gelöst.This object is achieved by a condenser according to claim 1, a heat pump according to claim 14 or a method for condensing according to claim 15.
Auf Kondensiererseite wird gemäß der Erfindung der Kondensationswirkungsgrad erhöht, indem auf der Kondensiereroberfläche Turbulenzgeneratoren vorgesehen werden und diese Turbulenzgeneratoren führen dazu, dass eine Schichtung der Flüssigkeit auf der Kondensiereroberfläche vermieden wird bzw. ständig durchbrochen wird. Damit wird die obere warme Schicht, die Wärme aus dem Kondensierungsprozess aufgenommen hat, nach unten gebracht und es wird gleichzeitig kältere Flüssigkeit im Kondensierer nach oben gebracht, um durch den kondensierenden Dampf aufgewärmt zu werden. Bei einem anderen Ausfühnmgsbeispiel ist auf Kondensiererseite eine Laminarisierungseinrichtung vorhanden, die ausgebildet ist, um den auf die Arbeitsflüssigkeit gerichteten Dampfstrom zu laminarisieren. Damit wird eine günstige Temperaturverteilung des Dampfes in der Laminarisierungseinrichtung erreicht, so dass eine hohe Kondensierereffizienz erreicht wird, die nahezu unabhängig von der Temperatur ist, mit der der Dampf in den Kondensiererraum eintritt. Dies ist insbesondere bei Wärmepumpen mit Verdichtern von entscheidendem Vorteil, weil typischerweise eine Dampfüberhitzung vorhanden ist, die normalerweise, ohne Verwendung eines Laminarisierers, zu einer drastischen Reduktion des Kondensiererwirkungsgrads führt, weshalb im Stand der Technik Dampfkühler eingesetzt werden. Alle solche Maßnahmen sind aufgrund des Laminarisierers nicht mehr Temparaturprofil erzeugt, das zu einem optimalen Wirkungsgrad führt. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel werden auf Kondensiererseite sowohl Turbulenzgeneratoren als auch ein Laminarisierer eingesetzt, was zu einer weiteren Erhöhung des Kondensiererwirkungsgrads führt.On the condenser side, according to the invention, the condensation efficiency is increased by providing turbulence generators on the condenser surface, and these turbulence generators cause stratification of the liquid on the condenser surface to be avoided or constantly disrupted. Thus, the upper warm layer, which has absorbed heat from the condensation process, is brought down and at the same time colder liquid is brought up in the condenser to be warmed up by the condensing vapor. In another embodiment, a laminarizer is provided on the condenser side, which is configured to laminarize the vapor stream directed to the working fluid. Thus, a favorable temperature distribution of the vapor is achieved in the laminarizer, so that a high Kondensierereffizienz is achieved, which is almost independent of the temperature at which the steam enters the Kondensiererraum. This is of particular advantage in heat pumps with compressors, because there is typically steam overheating which normally, without the use of a laminarizer, leads to a drastic reduction in condenser efficiency, for which reason steam coolers are used in the prior art. All such measures are no longer due to the laminarizer Produced temperature profile, which leads to optimum efficiency. In one embodiment, both turbulence generators and a laminarizer are used on the condenser side, resulting in a further increase in condenser efficiency.
Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen Kondensierer in einem Kondensiererraum, wobei der Kondensiererraum eine Laminarisierungseinrichtung aufweist, um einen auf eine Flüssigkeitsoberfläche im Kondensierer gerichtete Gasströmung zu laminarisieren, wobei der Laminarisierer ausgebildet ist, um ausgangsseitig einen Gasstrom zu erzeugen, der wenigstens halb so turbulent ist wie ein Gasstrom, der in den Laminarisierer eingespeist wird, wobei der Kondensierer mit Turbulenzgeneratoren versehen ist, so dass ein Wasserstrom auf der Kondensiereroberfläche Turbulenzen aufweist, die vorzugsweise wenigstens 20% der gesamten Wasserströmung umfassen.In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a condenser in a condenser space, the condenser space having laminarizing means for laminarizing a gas flow directed onto a liquid surface in the condenser, the laminarizer being arranged to produce a gas flow at least halfway therethrough is turbulent like a gas stream fed to the laminarizer, the condenser being provided with turbulence generators such that a water stream on the condenser surface has turbulence, preferably comprising at least 20% of the total water flow.
Die vorliegende Erfindung erreicht mit einfachsten Maßnahmen eine erhebliche Erhöhung des Verdampfungs-Wirkungsgrades und des Kondensierer-Wirkungsgrades, wobei diese Erhöhung entweder dazu eingesetzt werden kann, um einen Verdampfer bzw. Kondensierer mit höherer Leistung herzustellen. Alternativ wird es jedoch bevorzugt, diese substantielle Wirkungsgraderhöhung dazu einzusetzen, einen Verdampfer und einen Kondensierer wesentlich kleiner und kompakter auslegen zu können, wobei dennoch eine bestimmte Leistung erreicht wird. Dies ist insbesondere für eine Anwendung in einer Wärmepumpe zur Gebäudeheizung für kleinere und mittlere Gebäude von großem Vorteil, weil in Gebäuden, und insbesondere in Wohngebäuden der Platz typischerweise limitiert ist. Darüber hinaus führt eine Reduktion der Größe aufgrund der reduzierten Materialmenge und der einfacheren Handhabbarkeit während der Herstellung zu einer erheblichen Kosteneinsparung, was insbesondere für den Einsatz in Wärmepumpen von großer Bedeutung ist, die in großen Stückzahlen hergestellt werden können und für den einzelnen Bauherrn preislich vertretbar sein müssen. Gleichermaßen können Turbulenzgeneratoren und Laminarisierer mit einfachsten Mitteln implementiert werden, wobei durch die einfachen Maßnahmen auf sämtliche elektronische/elektrische Dinge verzichtet werden kann.The present invention achieves, with the simplest measures, a significant increase in the evaporation efficiency and the condenser efficiency, which increase can either be used to produce a higher performance evaporator or condenser. Alternatively, however, it is preferred to use this substantial increase in efficiency to be able to interpret an evaporator and a condenser much smaller and more compact, while still achieving a certain performance. This is particularly advantageous for use in a heat pump for building heating for smaller and medium-sized buildings, because in buildings, and in particular in residential buildings, the space is typically limited. In addition, a reduction in size due to the reduced amount of material and ease of handling during manufacture to a significant cost savings, which is particularly important for use in heat pumps of great importance that can be produced in large quantities and be priced for the individual builder have to. Equally, turbulence generators and laminarizers can be implemented with the simplest means, and the simple measures eliminate all electronic / electrical items.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgen Bezug nehmend auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen detailliert erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Kondensierer bzw. Verdampfer mit Turbulenzgeneratoren in Form eines einfachen Maschendrahtzauns.
- Fig. 2
- eine Wabenstruktur zur Implementierung eines Laminarisierers im Kondensierer;
- Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht auf eine turbulente Arbeitsflüssigkeit in einem Kondensierer unter einem Verdampfer;
- Fig. 4a
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Verdampfers
- Fig. 4a
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Kondensierers gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 5
- ein Übersichtsdiagramm zur Darstellung eines Verflüssigers mit einer Gasentfemungsvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 6a
- eine Skizze zur Darstellung der Funktionalität der Gasentfernungsvorrichtung an einem erfindungsgemäßen Kondensierer;
- Fig. 6b
- eine detaillierte Darstellung der Gasentfernungsvorrichtung;
- Fig. 7
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmepumpe mit einem Verdampfer und/oder einem Kondensierer gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung;
- Fig. 8a
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Verdampfer bzw. Kondensierer;
- Fig. 8b
- ein Längsschnitt eines Verdampfers;
- Fig. 9a
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Verdampfer bzw. Kondensierer
- Fig. 9b
- eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines Verdampfers bzw. Kondensierers
- Fig. 10a
- einen Querschnitt durch einen Laminarisierer gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
- Fig. 10b
- eine Darstellung der Temperatur entlang des Wegs in einer Laminarisiererzelle des Laminarisierers.
- Fig. 1
- a plan view of a condenser or evaporator with turbulence generators in the form of a simple wire mesh fence.
- Fig. 2
- a honeycomb structure for implementing a laminarizer in the condenser;
- Fig. 3
- a plan view of a turbulent working fluid in a condenser under an evaporator;
- Fig. 4a
- a schematic representation of an evaporator
- Fig. 4a
- a schematic representation of a condenser according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 5
- an overview diagram illustrating a condenser with a Gasentfemungsvorrichtung according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 6a
- a sketch to illustrate the functionality of the gas removal device to a capacitor according to the invention;
- Fig. 6b
- a detailed view of the gas removal device;
- Fig. 7
- a schematic representation of a heat pump with an evaporator and / or a condenser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- Fig. 8a
- a plan view of an evaporator or condenser;
- Fig. 8b
- a longitudinal section of an evaporator;
- Fig. 9a
- a plan view of an evaporator or condenser
- Fig. 9b
- a schematic cross-sectional view of an evaporator or condenser
- Fig. 10a
- a cross-section through a laminarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
- Fig. 10b
- a representation of the temperature along the way in a Laminarisiererzelle the laminarizer.
Erfindungsgemäß wird auf Kondensiererseite eine Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von Wirbeln vorgesehen. Diese Wasserwirbelerzeugungseinrichtung, die eine Vielzahl von sog. "Vortex generators" 40, wie sie in
Für sog. Vortex generators können verschiedene Materialien verwendet werden, wie beispielsweise ein Maschendrahtzaun, wie er schematisch in
Der in
Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass beliebige andere Vortex generators eingesetzt werden, wie beispielsweise auf den trichterförmigen Verdampfer angeordnete Pyramiden, die den Wasserstrom gewissermaßen "aufschneiden" und "umklappen", so dass Wasser vom unteren Bereich des Flüssigkeitsfilms nach oben und umgekehrt gebracht wird. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass auf Verdampferseite, die in
Dies führt bei einer Wärmepumpe zu einer ganz erheblichen Leistungssteigerung. Wurde ohne Vortex generator eine Verdampfungsleistung von vielleicht 1 bis 4kW/m2 erreicht, also eine Verdampfungsleistung pro Verdampferfläche, so wird diese Verdampfungsleistung außerordentlich erhöht, nämlich in einen Bereich von 60 bis 300 kW/m2, wobei bereits mit einfachen Vortex Generatoren, wie sie beispielsweise in
Obgleich darauf hingewiesen worden ist, dass die Vortex generator sowohl im Verdampfer als auch im Kondensierer eingesetzt werden können, kann die Kondensiererleistung auch ohne Vortex generator 40 vergrößert werden, wenn ein Gasstrom-Laminarisierer 48 eingesetzt wird. Ein solcher Gasstrom-Laminarisierer kann beispielsweise durch ein wabenförmiges Material in der Form einer Bienenwabe, wie es z.B. in
So ist der Gradient der Temperatur als Funktion des Ortes im Falle einer nichtlaminaren Strömung an der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche sehr groß. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Laminarisierung der Gasströmung wird jedoch ein kleinerer Gradient direkt an der Flüssigkeitsoberfläche erreicht. Damit passen die energetischen Verhältnisse des Gases besser zu den energetischen Verhältnissen der Flüssigkeit, so dass die Effizienz des Kondensierungsprozesses erheblich gesteigert wird.Thus, the temperature gradient as a function of location is very large in the case of non-laminar flow at the liquid surface. By laminarization of the gas flow according to the invention, however, a smaller gradient is achieved directly on the liquid surface. Thus, the energetic conditions of the gas better match the energetic conditions of the liquid, so that the efficiency of the condensation process is significantly increased.
Vorzugsweise wird die Laminarisierungseinrichtung zusammen mit den Wirbelgeneratoren 40 verwendet, um eine noch höhere Kondensiererleistung zu erreichen. Jedoch auch ohne Wirbelgenerator auf Kondensiererseite bzw. ohne Laminarisierer 48 auf Kondensiererseite wird bereits die Effizienz nachhaltig erhöht.Preferably, the laminarizer is used with the
Erfindungsgemäß wird es jedoch bevorzugt, auf Kondensiererseite sowohl die Wirbelgeneratoren 40 in der Flüssigkeitsschicht, also auch den Laminarisierer 48 zum Laminarisieren der Strömung des Gases einzusetzen. Damit können Kondensiererleistungen erreicht werden, die bis zu 100 Mal höher sind als Kondensiererleistungen ohne Wirbelgeneratoren und/oder Laminarisierer.According to the invention, however, it is preferred to use both the
In
Die in
Eine Anordnung einer Vorrichtung, die auch als Gasfalle 50 bezeichnet ist, in dem Verflüssiger 51 eine Wärmepumpe ist in
Fremdgase, die durch den Verdichtermotor 53 vom Verdampfer angesaugt werden, werden aufgrund der Gasströmung durch den Laminarisierer 55 auf das Kondensiererwasser 56 gerichtet, das über dem Turbulenzgenerator 58, der beispielsweise in Form eines Maschendrahts ausgebildet sein kann, von der Mitte kommend zur Seite hin abläuft. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass Fremdgase durch das Kondensiererwasser zwischen dem Laminarisierer 55 und der Kondensiererwasseroberfläche seitlich abtransportiert wird.Foreign gases, which are sucked by the
Damit sich die Fremdgase in der Nähe der Gasfalle 50 anreichen, ist eine Dichtlippe 59 vorgesehen, die den unteren Gasbereich 60 von dem oberen Gasbereich 61 trennt. So muss die Dichtlippe 59 nicht unbedingt eine vollständige Abdichtung liefern. Sie stellt jedoch sicher, dass das durch das Kondensiererwasser auf dem Kondensierer 57 transportierte Fremdgas sich unterhalb des Kondensiererablaufs 57 im Bereich 60 anreichert. Die Fremdgase fallen, da sie schwerer als Wasserdampf sind, in die Gasfalle 50 aufgrund der Schwerkraft. Gegen die Schwerkraft wirkt jedoch ein Diffusionsprozess, dahingehend, dass auch die Fremdgase in dem Bereich 60 und in der Gasfalle dieselbe Konzentration haben wollen. Dieser Diffusionsprozess wirkt daher der Schwerkraftwirkung der Gasfalle entgegen. Dies ist jedoch relativ unproblematisch, da die Anreicherung des Fremdgases nunmehr nicht mehr in dem Bereich stattfindet, wo die Kondensierung stattfindet, sondern unterhalb des Ablaufs 57. Durch die Dichtlippe 59 wird verhindert, dass sich die Konzentrationen im Bereich 60 und im Bereich 61 auf den selben Wert einstellen. Damit wird die Konzentration des Fremdgases im Raum 60 immer höher sein als im Raum 61, und es wird eine gute Einfangwirkung für Fremdgase in der Gasfalle 50 stattfinden.In order for the foreign gases to be present in the vicinity of the
Die Wirkung der Dichtlippe 59, die den Bereich oberhalb des Verflüssigerablaufs bzw. des Verflüssigertrichters 57 von dem Bereich unterhalb dieses Elements 57 trennt, wird dadurch verstärkt, dass die Laminarisierungseinrichtung 55 vorhanden ist, da damit die Fremdgase, sobald sie auf den Wasserstrom 56 auf dem Verflüssigerablauf 57 auftreffen, nicht mehr weggehen können, sondern gewissermaßen gezwungen werden, in Richtung der Dichtlippe und unter der Dichtlippe hindurch zu laufen, um sich in der Nähe der Gasfalle 50 anzureichern. Dieses Verhalten wird durch den Turbulenzgenerator 58 noch verstärkt, da dadurch eine turbulentere Strömung vorhanden ist, die ebenfalls eine höhere Effizienz hat, um Fremdgas, das im oberen Bereich 61 ist, gewissermaßen einzufangen und mitzutragen.The effect of the sealing
Je nach Implementierung wird es bevorzugt, die Gasfalle ähnlich zu
Besonders günstig ist die bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Anordnens einer Wand des Sammelbehälters 10 in dem Verdampfer, bzw. allgemein gesagt, an einer kalten Stelle des Systems implementierbar, wenn die Wärmepumpe so ausgebildet ist, dass der Verflüssiger oberhalb des Verdampfers angeordnet ist. In diese Implementierung reicht der Hals 70 durch den Verflüssiger nach unten hindurch bis in den Verdampfer, um eine kalte Kondensationswand zu schaffen, die einerseits zu einem dauernden Gasstrom in die Gasfalle führt und die andererseits immer dafür sorgt, dass Wasser in der Gasfalle vorhanden ist, das erhitzt werden kann, um den Druck in dem Sammelbehälter zu vergrößern, derart, dass zu bestimmten Ereignissen ein Fremdgasausstoß stattfinden kann.Particularly favorable is the preferred embodiment of arranging a wall of the collecting
Ferner sei darauf hingewiesen, dass im Falle eines halboffenen Systems die Flüssigkeit 106 in der Zulaufleitung zwar Wärme aus dem Grundwasser trägt, jedoch nicht Grundwasser ist, wobei in diesem Fall ein Wärmetauscher in einem Grundwasserreservoir angeordnet ist, um die dann zirkulierende Flüssigkeit in der Leitung 106, die dann als Hin- und Rückleitung ausgeführt ist, aufzuwärmen, damit die von dem Grundwasser übertragene Wärme über den Wärmepumpenprozess in den Heizungs-Vorlauf 110a gebracht wird.It should also be noted that, in the case of a semi-open system, the liquid 106 in the feed line carries heat from the groundwater but is not groundwater, in which case a heat exchanger is placed in a groundwater reservoir to circulate the then circulating liquid in the
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Arbeitsflüssigkeit im Verdampfer und im Kondensierer Wasser. Alternativ können jedoch auch andere Arbeitsflüssigkeiten eingesetzt werden, wie beispielsweise speziell für Wärmepumpen vorgesehene Wärmeträgerflüssigkeiten. Wasser wird jedoch aufgrund seiner besonderen Eignung für den Prozess bevorzugt. Ein weiterer erheblicher Vorteil von Wasser ist, dass es klimaneutral ist.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid in the evaporator and in the condenser is water. Alternatively, however, other working fluids may be used, such as heat transfer fluids specially designed for heat pumps. However, water is preferred because of its particular suitability for the process. Another significant benefit of water is that it is climate neutral.
Um Wasser bei Temperaturen von etwa 10°C zu verdampfen, ist der Verdampfer 42 mit einem Verdampfergehäuse versehen, das ausgebildet ist, um einen Druck in dem Verdampfer zumindest in der Umgebung der Verdampferoberfläche zu halten, bei dem das in der Zuleitung 106 zulaufende Wasser verdampft. Wenn Wasser als Arbeitsflüssigkeit verwendet wird, werden Drücke im Verdampfer unter 30 mbar und sogar im Bereich unter 10 mbar liegen.In order to evaporate water at temperatures of about 10 ° C, the
Auf Kondensiererseite werden Drücke bei mehr als 40 mbar und unter 200 bzw. 150 mbar liegen. Insofern ist ein Kondensierergehäuse ausgebildet, um diese entsprechenden Drücke zu halten. Drücke, die zu Kondensationstemperaturen von 30° C oder darunter oder 22° C oder darunter werde bevorzugt.On the condenser side, pressures will be more than 40 mbar and less than 200 or 150 mbar. In this respect, a condenser housing is formed to hold these respective pressures. Pressures that are preferred to condensation temperatures of 30 ° C or below or 22 ° C or below are preferred.
Der Verdampfer umfasst eine Verdampferoberfläche bzw. Kondensiereroberfläche 80, auf der Turbulenzgeneratoren 40 angeordnet sind. Die Turbulenzgeneratoren 40 sind einzelne Drahtabschnitte, die zusammen z.B. als Spirale 82 ausgebildet sind. Gleichzeitig könnten die Turbulenzgeneratoren auch als voneinander getrennte mehr oder weniger konzentrische Drahtringe ausgebildet sein, allerdings ist die Verwendung einer Spirale in der Handhabung und Montage einfacher. Vorzugsweise sind in Flussrichtung der Arbeitsflüssigkeit, die mit den symbolischen Pfeilen 83 angedeutet ist, benachbarte Drahtabschnitte 84a, 84b, welche jeweils einen Durchmesser d haben, um einen Abstand Dd beabstandet, wobei der Abstand Dd größer als der Durchmesser d eines Drahtabschnitts und vorzugsweise kleiner als das dreifache des Durchmessers ist. Obgleich die Drahtabschnitte in
Die Oberfläche 80 sowohl für den Verdampfer als auch für den Kondensierer ist vorzugsweise so geformt, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit, die über einen Arbeitsflüssigkeitszulauf 86 zugeführt wird, auf der Oberfläche 80 nicht nur steht, was der Fall wäre, wenn die Oberfläche komplett waagerecht wäre und ein nahezu nicht vorhandener Zufluss vorhanden wäre, sondern dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit auf der Oberfläche aufgrund der Schwerkraft fließt. Zu diesem Zweck umfasst die Oberfläche 80 zumindest eine schiefe Ebene. Vorzugsweise ist die Oberfläche trichterförmig und die Zuflussöffnung 86 ist zentral bzw. so bezüglich der Arbeitsoberfläche angeordnet, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit nicht nur auf einer Seite bezüglich der Zufuhröffnung abfließt, sondern zu allen Seiten hin abfließt. Alternativ wäre jedoch ebenfalls eine Implementierung für bestimmte Anwendungen verwendbar, bei der z.B. eine ebene Fläche vorhanden ist, die als schiefe Ebene angeordnet ist und bei der am höchsten Punkt der Zulauf 86 angeordnet ist, so dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit nicht auf mehreren Seiten des Zulaufs ist, sondern im Wesentlichen in einem begrenzten Sektor, wie beispielsweise 30°, 60° oder 90° bezüglich des Zulaufs auf der Oberfläche fließt, um dort mit den Turbulenzgeneratoren 40 Eingriff zu nehmen.The
Alternativ kann die Arbeitsoberfläche auch pyramidenförmig oder kegelförmig oder im Querschnitt uneben bzw. gekrümmt sein, solange in der Arbeitsposition des Verdampfers bzw. Kondensierers die Arbeitsflüssigkeit einen Höhenunterschied von der Schwerkraftwirkung bewältigt.Alternatively, the working surface may also be pyramidal or cone-shaped or uneven or curved in cross-section, as long as in the working position of the evaporator or condenser the working fluid copes with a height difference from the force of gravity.
Außer den dargestellten Implementierungen können die Turbulenzgeneratoren auch z.B. durch in die Arbeitsflüssigkeit hineinragende Elemente, wie beispielsweise Stäbe etc. implementiert werden, die nicht mit der Oberfläche 80 fest verbunden sind, sondern z.B. oberhalb der Oberfläche 80 aufgehängt sind. Diese Stäbe können, je nach Implementierung auch bewegt werden, um besonders starke Turbulenzen zu erzeugen. Turbulenzen können somit auf viele verschiedene Arten und Weisen erzeugt werden, wobei Turbulenzgeneratoren, um diese Turbulenzen zu erzeugen, mit der Arbeitsoberfläche 80 fest verbunden sein können oder aber auch statisch oder dynamisch relativ zur Arbeitsoberfläche positioniert werden, solange, vorzugsweise, mindestens 20% der gesamten Wasserströmung mit Turbulenzen versehen werden. Bei speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen wird es bevorzugt, soweit als möglich nahezu die gesamte Arbeitsoberfläche des Verdampfers bzw. Kondensierers mit Turbulenzgeneratoren zu versehen, so dass zwischen 90% und nahezu 100 % der gesamten Strömung turbulent sind bzw. auf die Fläche der Oberfläche 80 bezogen, mehr als 80% bzw. mehr als 90% der Flüssigkeit auf der Oberfläche 80 in Turbulenzen sind.Besides the illustrated implementations, the turbulence generators may also be e.g. be implemented by projecting into the working fluid elements, such as bars, etc., which are not firmly connected to the
Darüber hinaus kann bei der vorliegenden Erfindung die Temperatur des ungerichteten Dampfs ϑD viel höher als die Temperatur des Wassers ϑw sein. Dennoch sind keine Dampfkühler etc. erforderlich, da der Laminarisierer 48 mit den einzelnen Laminarisiererzellen 120, die durch Wände 121 voneinander getrennt sind, die in
Der Laminarisierer muss nicht unbedingt eine perfekte 100%ige Laminarisierung erreichen, solange der Gasstrom am Ausgang des Laminarisierers weniger turbulent als der Gasstrom am Eingang des Laminarisierers ist. Vorzugsweise werden die Laminarisiererzellen bzw. wird der Laminarisierer insgesamt so ausgelegt, dass die ausgegebene laminarisierte Dampfströmung wenigstens halb so turbulent wie die eingangsseitige turbulente Dampfströmung ist.The laminator does not necessarily have to achieve perfect 100% laminarization as long as the gas stream at the exit of the laminarizer is less turbulent than the gas stream at the entrance of the laminarizer. Preferably, the laminarizer cells or the laminarizer as a whole are designed such that the output laminarized steam flow is at least half as turbulent as the input-side turbulent steam flow.
Für die Verwendung in einem Kondensierer für eine mit Wasser als Arbeitsflüssigkeit betriebene Wärmepumpe wird es bevorzugt, dass die Länge einer Laminarisiererzelle 120 etwa 10 mm lang ist, wenn der Durchmesser der Laminarisiererzelle 5 mm beträgt. Je höher der Durchmesser einer einzelnen Zelle ist, umso länger sollte auch die Länge L sein, damit auch bei größeren Durchmessern eine ausreichende Laminarisierung erreicht wird. Gleichzeitig existiert bei kleineren Durchmessern eine untere Grenze der Länge, um zu vermeiden, dass ein Düseneffekt entsteht, der zu einer De-Laminarisierung frühren kann. Um den Strömungswiderstand für den Dampf so gering als möglich zu machen, wird es bevorzugt, eine große Laminarisiererfläche vorzusehen und die Dicke der Wände 121 zwischen den Laminarisiererzellen 120 in
Um auch bei nicht kompletter Laminarisierung sicherzustellen, dass eine einigermaßen laminarisierte Strömung auf die Flüssigkeit auf der Kondensiereroberfläche auftrifft, wird es bevorzugt, den Abstand DL zwischen dem Ausgang der Laminarisiererzellen 120 und der Oberfläche der Flüssigkeit relativ klein zu gestalten und insbesondere kleiner als 50 mm, vorzugsweise kleiner als 25 mm oder vorzugsweise kleiner als 6 mm zu machen. Damit wird ebenfalls erzwungen, dass das Gas bzw. die verdampfte Arbeitsflüssigkeit, wenn sie die Laminarisiererzellen 120 verlässt, eine Temperatur hat, die nahezu gleich bzw. nur geringfügig höher ist als die Temperatur des Wassers. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass die in der Strömung befindlichen Dampfteilchen nicht vom Wasser "abprallen" bzw. wiederum dampferzeugend wirken, sondern durch Kondensation in das Wasser aufgenommen werden, da nur so eine besonders effiziente Wärmeübertragung vom Dampf zum Wasser stattfindet.In order to ensure that even a fairly laminarized flow impinges on the liquid on the condenser surface, it is preferred to make the distance D L between the exit of the
Der erfindungsgemäße Laminarisierer liefert eine erhebliche Steigerung des Wirkungsgrads beim Kondensieren. Im Stand der Technik ohne Laminarisierer hat der Wirkungsgrad in Leistung pro Fläche stark abgenommen, je höher die Temperatur des Dampfes bezüglich der Temperatur der Kondensiererflüssigkeit ist. So kann man sagen, dass bei einer Überhitzung des Dampfes von 10° nur noch 10% Kondensiererleistung möglich war. Dies hat daher zu Kondensiererleistungen von 2 - 3kW pro m2 für ein typisches Oberflächenkondensieren bzw. Verdampfen geführt. Erfindungsgemäß wird bei gleicher Fläche eine erheblich größere Leistung erreicht, die je nach Implementierung von 40-200 kW/m2 oder sogar noch darüber liegen kann. Dies bedeutet zumindest eine Verzwanzigfachung des Wirkungsgrades mit einfachen Maßnahmen. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass der Wirkungsgrad relativ unabhängig von der Temperatur des ungerichteten Dampfes ist. Daher ist es erfindungsgemäß ohne Weiteres möglich, einen Dampf mit einer Temperatur von z.B. über 150° C mit einem Wasser zu kondensieren, das zum Beispiel bei 40° C liegt. Der Laminarisierer liefert daher eine Entkopplung des Kondensiererwirkungsgrads von der Dampftemperatur am Ausgang des Verdichters. Damit kann der Verdichter nach seinen Anforderungen dimensioniert werden und es muss bei der Dimensionierung des Verdichters gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht mehr darauf geachtet werden, welche thermischen Verhältnisse zum Kondensieren nötig sind.The laminarizer according to the invention provides a considerable increase in the efficiency of condensation. In the prior art without laminarizer, the higher the temperature of the steam relative to the temperature of the condensing liquid, the efficiency in power per area has greatly decreased. So you can say that with a superheating of the steam of 10 ° only 10% condensing capacity was possible. This has therefore Kondensiererleistungen of 2 - out 3kW per m 2 for a typical Oberflächenkondensieren or evaporation. According to the invention, a considerably greater power is achieved with the same area, which, depending on the implementation, can be 40-200 kW / m 2 or even more. This means at least a twentyfold increase in efficiency with simple measures. Another advantage is that the efficiency is relatively independent of the temperature of the non-directional steam. Therefore, it is according to the invention readily possible to condense a vapor having a temperature of for example above 150 ° C with a water, which is for example at 40 ° C. The laminarizer therefore provides a decoupling of the condensing efficiency from the steam temperature at the outlet of the compressor. Thus, the compressor can be dimensioned according to its requirements and it no longer has to be taken into account in the dimensioning of the compressor according to the present invention, which thermal conditions are necessary for condensing.
Abweichend von den vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen können die Turbulenzgeneratoren und die Laminarisierungseinrichtung nicht als zwei getrennte Elemente sondern auch durch ein und dasselbe Element ausgebildet werden. Beispielsweise kann auf die Verdampferoberfläche oder die Kondensiereroberfläche ein Fasergewebe bzw. eine Fasermatte aus vorzugsweise nicht saugfähigen Fasern gelegt werden, wobei die Oberfläche des Fasergewebes über den Stand der Flüssigkeit hinausragt, und zwar vorzugsweise mehr als 3mm und insbesondere mehr als 5 mm. Die Flüssigkeit umspült die Fasern, wodurch Turbulenzen erzeugt werden. Die umspülten Fasern stellen die Turbulenzgeneratoren dar. Die über die Flüssigkeit hinausragenden Fasern, die nicht umspült werden, stellen dagegen die Laminarisierungseinrichtung dar. Die Reibung des Dampfes an den Fasern, die nicht unbedingt ausgerichtet sein müssen, resultiert in einer Laminarisierung des Dampfes. Das Material der Fasern ist Kunststoff oder Metall, und das Fasergewebe ist beispielsweise Metallwolle oder insbesondere Stahlwolle. Vorteilhaft an dieser Implementierung ist, dass diese Implementierung selbstjustierend ist, da die Aufteilung in Turbulenzgenerator und Laminarisierungseinrichtung automatisch ist und durch den aktuellen Flüssigkeitsstand definiert ist. Außerdem ist die Montage besonders einfach und damit kostengünstig.Unlike the embodiments described above, the turbulence generators and the laminarization device can not be formed as two separate elements but also by one and the same element. For example, a fiber web or a fiber mat of preferably non-absorbent fibers may be laid on the evaporator surface or the condenser surface, wherein the surface of the fiber fabric projects beyond the level of the liquid, preferably more than 3 mm and in particular more than 5 mm. The liquid flows around the fibers, creating turbulence. The flooded fibers are the turbulence generators. The non-lapping fibers project beyond the liquid, on the other hand, constitute the laminarizer. The friction of the vapor on the fibers, which need not necessarily be aligned, results in laminarization of the vapor. The material of the fibers is plastic or metal, and the fiber fabric is for example metal wool or especially steel wool. An advantage of this implementation is that this implementation is self-adjusting since the division into turbulence generator and laminarizer is automatic and defined by the current liquid level. In addition, the assembly is particularly simple and therefore inexpensive.
Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben, die nicht zur Erfindung gehören.In the following, embodiments are described which do not belong to the invention.
Ausführungsbeispiele betreffen einen Verdampfer 42 zum Verdampfen einer Arbeitsflüssigkeit 41, mit folgenden Merkmalen: einer Verdampferoberfläche 80, auf der die zu verdampfende Arbeitsflüssigkeit anzuordnen ist; und einer Vielzahl von Turbulenzgeneratoren 40, die ausgebildet sind, um in der auf der Verdampferoberfläche 80 zu verdampfenden Arbeitsflüssigkeit Turbulenzen zu erzeugen.Embodiments relate to an
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers umfasst ein Verdampfergehäuse 42', in dem die Verdampferoberfläche 80 angeordnet ist, und dazu ausgebildet ist, um in dem Verdampfergehäuse bei der Verdampferoberfläche 80 einen Druck zu halten, der derart ist, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit, wenn die Arbeitsflüssigkeit die Verdampferoberfläche erreicht, eine Siedetemperatur oder eine Temperatur hat, die in einem Bereich liegt, der sich von einer Temperatur gleich der Siedetemperatur -10 Kelvin bis zu einem einer Temperatur gleich der Siedetemperatur + 10 Kelvin erstreckt.An embodiment of the evaporator includes an evaporator housing 42 'in which the
Bei einem Ausfühnmgsbeispiel des Verdampfers umfasst das Verdampfergehäuse 42' einen Zulauf 106 für die Arbeitsflüssigkeit und eine Abführungsöffnung 100 für einen Dampf der Arbeitsflüssigkeit, wobei die Abführungsöffnung 100 so ausgebildet ist, dass sie mit einem Eingang eines Verdichters 102 zum Verdichten des Dampfes koppelbar ist.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the evaporator housing 42 'includes a working
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers ist die Verdampferoberfläche 80 in einer Arbeitsposition geneigt, wobei die Arbeitsflüssigkeit so der Verdampferoberfläche 80 zugeführt wird, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit von einer Zuführung 86a zu einem Ablauf 86b von der Verdampferoberfläche 80 aufgrund der Schwerkraft fließt.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers ist die Verdampferoberfläche pyramidenförmig, kegelförmig, trichterförmig oder in Form einer schiefen Ebene, wobei die schiefe Ebene plan oder nicht plan ist.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the evaporator surface is pyramidal, conical, funnel-shaped or in the form of an inclined plane, wherein the inclined plane is flat or not plan.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers ist ein Zulauf für die Arbeitsflüssigkeit von der Verdampferoberfläche 80 so umgeben, dass die Arbeitsflüssigkeit auf mehreren Seiten des Zulaufs über die Verdampferoberfläche 80 fließt 83.In one embodiment of the evaporator, a feed for the working fluid from the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers sind die Turbulenzgeneratoren 40 durch ein von der Verdampferoberfläche separiertes Bauteil 82 oder durch Erhöhungen oder Vertiefungen 90 an der Verdampferoberfläche 80 ausgebildet.In one exemplary embodiment of the evaporator, the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers sind die Turbulenzgeneratoren 40 durch Drahtabschnitte 84a, 84b auf der Verdampferoberfläche ausgebildet, die bezüglich der Verdampferoberfläche befestigt sind und so angeordnet sind, dass eine Flussrichtung 83 der Arbeitsflüssigkeit eine Richtung, in der die Drahtabschnitte angeordnet sind, schneidet.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers sind die Turbulenzgeneratoren als miteinander verbundene spiralförmige Drahtabschnitte gebildet, wobei ein Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Drahtabschnitten in Flussrichtung 83 der Arbeitsflüssigkeit größer als der Durchmesser eines Drahtabschnitts und kleiner als das Dreifache des Durchmessers des Drahtabschnitts ist.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the turbulence generators are formed as interconnected helical wire sections, wherein a distance between two adjacent wire sections in the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers sind die Erhebungen 90 oder die Vertiefungen so dimensioniert, dass eine auftreffende Arbeitsflüssigkeit in Turbulenzen versetzbar ist.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers haben die Erhebungen 90 eine Höhe, mit der sie sich über die Oberfläche 80 erstrecken, die höher ist als ein Stand der Arbeitsflüssigkeit auf der Verdampferoberfläche 80 in einem Betrieb des Verdampfers.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers sind die Turbulenzgeneratoren so ausgebildet, dass ein Wasserstrom auf der Verdampferoberfläche Turbulenzen aufweist, die vorzugsweise wenigstens 20% der gesamten Flüssigkeitsströmung auf dem Verdampfer umfassen.In one embodiment of the evaporator, the turbulence generators are configured such that a stream of water on the evaporator surface has turbulences, which preferably comprise at least 20% of the total liquid flow on the evaporator.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel des Verdampfers oder des Kondensierers, ist die Arbeitsflüssigkeit Wasser.In one embodiment of the evaporator or condenser, the working fluid is water.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verdampfen 42 einer Arbeitsflüssigkeit 41 mit folgenden Schritten: Anordnen einer zu verdampfende Arbeitsflüssigkeit auf einer Verdampferoberfläche 80; und Erzeugen von Turbulenzen 40 in der auf der Verdampferoberfläche 80 zu verdampfenden Arbeitsflüssigkeit.One embodiment relates to a method for vaporizing 42 a working
Obgleich bestimmte Elemente als Vorrichtungsmerkmale beschrieben worden sind, soll dies gleichzeitig eine Beschreibung eines entsprechenden Verfahrensschritts sein.Although certain elements have been described as device features, this should be concurrently a description of a corresponding method step.
Claims (15)
- A condenser for condensing an evaporated operating liquid, comprising:a gas channel (54) for supplying hot compressed vapor into the condenser;a condenser drain (57) for draining the operating liquid from the condenser;a condenser surface (80) on which an operating liquid (41) is to be arranged, wherein the condenser surface (80) is inclined in an operating position, wherein the operating liquid is supplied to the condenser surface (80) such that the operating liquid flows from an intake (56) of the operating liquid to the condenser surface to the condenser drain (57) from the condenser surface due to gravity; anda plurality of turbulence generators which are implemented to generate current turbulences in the operating liquid located on the condenser surface (80);wherein the condenser is configured to direct a vapor current (124) emitted from the gas channel (54) to the operating liquid (41) before the operating liquid drains through the condenser drain (57).
- The condenser according to claim 1, comprising:a condenser housing (43') in which the condenser surface (80) is arranged and implemented to maintain a pressure in the condenser housing at the condenser surface which is such that a condensed operating liquid has a predetermined minimum temperature.
- The condenser according to claim 2, wherein the minimum temperature is higher than or equal to 22°C.
- The condenser according to claim 1, wherein the condenser surface is pyramid-shaped, conical, funnel-shaped or in the form of an inclined plane which may be level or non-level.
- The condenser according to one of claims 1 or 4, wherein an intake for the liquid to the condenser surface is surrounded by the condenser surface such that the liquid flows across the condenser surface (80) at several sides of the intake (41).
- The condenser according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising both the turbulence generators (40) and a laminarization means (48) which is implemented to make the vapor current (124) emitted from the gas channel (54) and directed to the condenser surface laminar so that a vapor made laminar by the laminarization means (48) impinges on the operating liquid, the laminarization means (48) being arranged such that the laminarized vapor (124) hits turbulences of the liquid generated by the turbulence generators (40) on the condenser surface (80).
- The condenser according to claim 6, wherein both the turbulence generators (40) and also the laminarization means (48) are formed by the same element.
- The condenser according to claim 7, wherein the element comprises a fiber tissue protruding beyond a liquid level on the condenser surface.
- The condenser according to claim 8, wherein the fiber tissue is a plastic wool with non-absorbing fibers or a metallic wool.
- The condenser according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein a distance of the laminarization means (48) from the operating liquid on the condenser surface (80), which the laminarized vapor has passed, is smaller than 25 mm.
- The condenser according to claim 10, which is formed of honeycomb material or a tube material with laminarizer cells (120), wherein a length of a laminarizer cell is implemented such that, in proportion to a diameter of the laminarizer cell (120), on the output side a gas current is generated which is at least half as turbulent as a gas current which is fed into the laminarization means (48).
- The condenser according to claim 11, wherein a laminizer cell (120) is longer than 10 mm if it has a diameter greater than 5 mm and is longer than 1 mm if it has a diameter smaller than 1 mm.
- The condenser according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a liquid reservoir exists into which a liquid flowing off the condenser surface (80) is introduced and from which cooler liquid, compared to the run-off liquid, is supplied to the condenser surface (80) as a liquid current (41).
- A heat pump, comprising:an evaporator (42) for evaporating an operating liquid (41), comprising:an evaporator surface (80) on which the operating liquid to be evaporated is to be arranged; anda plurality of turbulence generators (40) which are implemented to generate turbulences in the operating liquid to be evaporated on the evaporator surface (80);a condenser (43) according to one of claims 1 to 13; anda compressor (102) for compressing operating liquid evaporated by the evaporator (42), wherein the compressor (10) is coupled to the condenser (43) in order to feed compressed vapor into the condenser (43), andwherein the condenser (43') further comprises a heating forward flow (110a) for supplying warm heating liquid and a heating return flow (110b) for supplying cold heating liquid to the condenser (43').
- A method for condensing an evaporated operating liquid, comprising:arranging operating liquid (41) on a condenser surface (80), wherein the condenser surface (80) is inclined in an operating position, wherein the operating liquid is supplied to the condenser surface (80) such that the operating liquid flows from an intake of the operating liquid to the condenser surface to a drain of the operating liquid from the condenser surface due to gravity;generating turbulences (40) in the operating liquid arranged on the condenser surface (80); anddirecting a vapor current (124) emitted from a gas channel (54) to the operating liquid (41), before the operating liquid drains through a condenser drain (57)
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2009
- 2009-06-23 ES ES09768974.9T patent/ES2575686T3/en active Active
- 2009-06-23 PL PL09768974.9T patent/PL2307824T3/en unknown
- 2009-06-23 WO PCT/EP2009/004519 patent/WO2009156125A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-06-23 EP EP09768974.9A patent/EP2307824B1/en active Active
- 2009-06-23 JP JP2011515191A patent/JP2011525607A/en active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-12-22 US US12/976,230 patent/US20110146316A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-01-30 JP JP2013015472A patent/JP5722930B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-20 US US14/085,747 patent/US9732994B2/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-07-03 JP JP2014137514A patent/JP6106633B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2307824T3 (en) | 2016-12-30 |
ES2575686T3 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
EP2307824A2 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
JP2014206372A (en) | 2014-10-30 |
JP5722930B2 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
JP2013076566A (en) | 2013-04-25 |
JP6106633B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
WO2009156125A3 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
WO2009156125A2 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
US9732994B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
US20140075978A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
US20110146316A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
JP2011525607A (en) | 2011-09-22 |
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