EP2305876A1 - Sorption dryer with zeolite - Google Patents
Sorption dryer with zeolite Download PDFInfo
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- EP2305876A1 EP2305876A1 EP10013149A EP10013149A EP2305876A1 EP 2305876 A1 EP2305876 A1 EP 2305876A1 EP 10013149 A EP10013149 A EP 10013149A EP 10013149 A EP10013149 A EP 10013149A EP 2305876 A1 EP2305876 A1 EP 2305876A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sorbent
- air
- regenerating
- flow
- useful volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers
- D06F58/24—Condensing arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/48—Drying arrangements
- A47L15/481—Drying arrangements by using water absorbent materials, e.g. Zeolith
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods and apparatus with a sorption dryer, which receives a sorbent containing moisture from an air stream and the sorbent in a subsequent desorption process dries (regenerated). To dry the sorbent, its temperature must be greatly increased. The escaping water vapor is used to heat the objects to be dried.
- Dryers are among the most energy-intensive technical devices. For household tumble dryers, even the best condensing dryers achieve only energy efficiency class B. Additional energy recovery measures are necessary for the division into energy efficiency class A.
- DE 10 2005 062 942 and DE 10 2005 062 943 propose for this purpose the use of closed adsorption apparatus, which raise a part of the heat of condensation to a higher temperature level. Part of the heat required for evaporation heat can be saved.
- the closed-working adsorption apparatus are technically complex and require an internal heat exchange in order to be able to be used economically.
- a dishwasher with a sorption dryer which uses a zeolite filling for drying wetting residues on the dishes.
- the zeolite filling is regenerated by means of hot air.
- the air flow through the zeolite filling must be homogeneous and must not lead to local overheating neither within the zeolite filling nor in the dishware container.
- the heat input is to match the zeolite filling and can not be adapted to the respective heat demand of the dishwasher become.
- the circulating hot air is too hot (> 110 ° C) to be introduced into the crockery container. The heating and thus further drying of the zeolite filling must then be adjusted.
- an additional heating in the useful volume is necessary.
- the heat that is released via this additional heating to the wash water, is not available for the sorption process and thus can not be used for energy conservation.
- the additional heating is a separately controlled component.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption, the drying time and the cost of materials in sorption dryers.
- the sorbent is not heated in hot air flow but only over heating surfaces, so purely static.
- the desorbed from the sorbent, hot steam flows independently in the overlying useful volume and heats the wash water and the objects to be dried (dishes, laundry, etc.).
- the temperature of the water vapor is about 100 ° C. The vapor can condense out of the usable volume on all objects that are colder and heat them up.
- the sorbent itself can be heated to significantly higher temperatures during static heating than is possible with heating by circulating hot air.
- the exiting from the sorbent hot air is namely, and especially at low sorbent bed height, quickly hotter than allow the objects to be heated in the connected useful volume.
- higher sorbent temperatures the sorbent filling used can be used much more efficiently.
- the sorbent can be optimally desorbed because it can be heated unimpaired by the prevailing air outlet temperature.
- the stored in the zeolite filling warmth, sensitive Heat and heat of loading can be fully buffered for the later drying step.
- the heating of the objects to be heated are not sufficient by the desorbed water vapor, at the end of the desorption and the fan can be put into operation , which converts heat from the sorbent into the useful volume.
- the same air circulation is used for this purpose, which dries the objects (dishes, laundry, etc.) during the drying phase.
- a separate additional heating can be omitted, which must be provided in the prior art only to further heat the objects in the useful volume to the required final temperature.
- Bypass circuits for air circuits are known. Simple in construction and at the same time cost are flaps that divide the air flows in the desired manner via an adjusting.
- the adjusting member is seated in the region of the air inlet into the useful volume, while the flap is arranged in terms of flow before the sorbent filling and flow at low air temperatures less partial air on the sorbent and the second partial air flow passes this past.
- the adjusting member may advantageously contain a bimetal element which adjusts the flap depending on the temperature. Useful are also control interventions, which for example clock the runtime of the fan or reduce its speed.
- Sorbents are exposed periodically to extreme hydrothermal decomposition conditions.
- type Y zeolite is used. This is particularly stable in addition to some naturally occurring zeolite types under extreme hydrothermal conditions.
- the zeolite types X and A used so far are far less suitable. They are slowly turning into inactive compounds.
- Zeolites also have a considerable water vapor sorption capacity even at relatively high temperatures (above 100 ° C.) and are therefore also particularly suitable for the use according to the invention.
- the maximum temperature in the sorbent should be limited to max. 600 ° C are limited. Desorbing the entire amount of water, however, already far lower temperatures are sufficient.
- Zeolite is a crystalline mineral that contains silicon and aluminum oxides in a framework structure.
- the very regular framework structure contains cavities in which water molecules can be sorbed with release of heat. Within the framework structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces whose strength depends on the amount of water already contained in the framework structure and the temperature of the zeolite.
- a Y zeolite should be heated according to the invention to 300 ° C to be dried at a partial pressure of water vapor of 1000 hPa to a residual moisture content of less than 7% by mass. Only at temperatures above 400 ° C, the zeolite would be almost dry (about 2% by mass). At 200 ° C and a water vapor pressure of 1000 hPa, the moisture content is still about 16% by mass.
- the sorbent After drying the sorbent, it is to be shielded from moisture storage. Storage in moist air would lead to an independent absorption of water vapor from the air. However, as long as the temperature of the zeolite filling remains at a high temperature, absorption of moisture is ruled out.
- the amount of sorbent used in each case is to be dimensioned for the drying process and arranged so that only a minimal pressure drop within the sorbent must be overcome for the moist air flow flowing through. At the same time, however, the sorbent must provide the inflowing air flow with sufficient surface area for attaching the water vapor molecules.
- the sorbent remains hot after desorption until the drying process, ie during the washing process in dishwashers. Only at the beginning of the drying process is air circulated through the objects to be dried (laundry, dishes, etc.) and through the still hot sorbent by means of the blower. The dry sorbent absorbs moisture from the circulating air and releases heat to the dried circulating air. The heated circulating air, in turn, transfers the heat to the objects, which in turn evaporate water from the surface and transfer it into the circulating air flow. At the beginning of this drying phase, the sorbent according to the invention is still very hot. In order to prevent an excessively high air inlet temperature in the useful volume here, too, the bypass circuit described above can be used.
- the entire heat used for the desorption of the water vapor from the sorbent is thus used for the later cleaning and drying process.
- the usual, additional energy to heat the objects before the actual drying process can be omitted.
- the recirculating air stream can transport dirt particles from dirty objects (eg dishes) into the sorbent during desorption.
- dirty objects eg dishes
- no dirt particles from the useful volume can be shipped to the sorbent, since during desorption no air flow through the sorbent takes place. Dirt particles thus do not even reach the sorbent filling where they can clog the flow channels or coke at high temperatures and give off unwanted odors.
- any dirt particles from the useful volume are already removed.
- a purely static desorption of the sorbent over heating surfaces is more energy-efficient than regeneration via a stream of hot air.
- a purely static desorption of the sorbent over heating surfaces is more energy-efficient than regeneration via a stream of hot air.
- no heat is lost through the outflowing hot air.
- the blower 5 conveys recirculated air via the electric heater 6 and through the sorbent 4.
- the circulating air heated by the heater 6 heats the sorbent 4 and desorbs the water vapor adsorbed in the preceding drying process.
- the desorbed steam is transported by the outgoing from the sorbent 4 circulating air to the dishes 2 and condensed there.
- the heat of condensation heats the dishes 2 as well as the circulating air.
- the hot air flowing out in this process phase circulating air reduces the efficiency of the sorption dryer 3, since the discharged amount of heat can not be used for desorption of water vapor.
- the circulating air flowing into the useful volume 1 becomes too hot.
- the regeneration process must then be stopped and the dishes 2 and the wash water via a conventional heater (not shown) to the necessary washing temperature of about 55 ° C further heated.
- the energy used for this purpose can not be used to regenerate the sorbent 4.
- Non-regenerated sorbent 4 can then absorb no water vapor.
- the dishes 2 are still dirty.
- the circulating air dirt particles and odors can be entered into the sorbent 4 and optionally clog channels.
- the high temperatures prevailing on the heating surface and in the sorbent 4 can also chemically convert the introduced particles into undesirable substances.
- the heated dishes 2 are washed as usual and then dried.
- the blower 5 goes into operation and promotes moist circulating air through the sorbent 4 partially desorbed from the preceding desorption. This adsorbs the water vapor and transfers the heat of adsorption and the still present sensible heat to the circulating air flow.
- the recirculating air stream heats the still damp crockery again. 2.
- the steam is in turn transferred from the recirculating air stream into the sorbent amount.
- an additional heating must be put into operation.
- Fig. 2 shows a sorption dryer 3 according to the invention under the effective volume 1 of a dishwasher.
- the sorbent 4 contains Na-Y zeolite in granular form. It is heated statically in this embodiment by the electrically heated tubular heater 7.
- the fan 5 does not have to be in operation for this purpose. Thus, no dirt particles can be transferred from the useful volume 1 into the sorbent in this operating phase.
- the sorbent 4 releases water vapor when heated. This flows independently through the sorbent area 4 a in front of it to the dishes 2 and condenses there. An unwanted heat leakage through a forced-circulating air flow is omitted.
- the sorbent area 4a is primarily not heated by the tubular heater 7, but by the outflowing water vapor and the ultimately moving along air flow, which absorbs heat from the sorbent 4 and a few millimeters can deliver it again.
- a thermostat 12 embedded in the sorbent 4 prevents overheating of the sorbent 4. If the thermostat 12 responds and the dishes or wash water are not yet heated to the required wash temperature (eg 55 ° C), the fan 5 can go into operation and a Transfer part of the heat stored in the sorbent into the useful volume 1. The heating via the tubular heater 7 can be continued during this time or be interrupted. After heating the washing water to the required washing temperature (eg 55 ° C), the cleaning process runs until the subsequent drying process begins.
- the sorbent 4, 4a remains hot during this time. Consequently, it can not adsorb any water vapor which may flow back from the useful volume 1. Only at the beginning of the drying phase, the fan 5 is put into operation.
- the recirculated air stream 8 conveyed by this removes heat from the sorbent 4 and conveys it via the inlet opening 13 into the useful volume 1.
- the recirculating air stream 8 heats the crockery-wetted crockery 2.
- the water thereby evaporates and the water vapor is directed by the recirculating air stream 8 in the sorbent 4.
- the sorbent 4 adsorbs the water vapor and releases the released heat of adsorption to the circulating air stream 8.
- Fig. 3 shows an electrically heatable tubular plate radiator in a sectional view.
- steel plates 10 are mounted and connected by hot dip galvanizing good heat conductivity with the tubular heater 9.
- Y zeolite is filled in as ball granules 11. It can be fixed by a wire mesh against rolling out.
- the bed height of the sorbent should typically be 2 to 4 cm. The flow resistance can be kept significantly lower due to the significantly shorter flow path compared to a hot air regenerated bed.
- Fig. 4 shows a further, according to the invention sorption dryer 3, which is equipped with a bypass circuit 19 for the recirculating air stream 20.
- Analogous to Fig. 2 contains the sorbent dryer 3, a sorbent 4 of zeolite granules, in the lower part of a Fig. 3 known tubular plate radiator can be heated. Also, this radiator is located in the lower part of the sorbent (4).
- a spiral 14 made of bimetal, which can act on a flap 15. At higher air temperatures in the region of the spiral 14, the flap 15 opens a flow channel 18 for a partial air flow 16.
- the inlet temperature in the useful volume (1) can be limited to any desired maximum temperature.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Vorrichtungen mit einem Sorptions-Trockner, der ein Sorptionsmittel enthaltend aus einem Luftstrom Feuchtigkeit aufnimmt und das Sorptionsmittel in einem darauffolgenden Desorptionsprozess trocknet (regeneriert). Um das Sorptionsmittel zu trocknen muss dessen Temperatur stark erhöht werden. Der dabei entweichende Wasserdampf wird zur Erwärmung der zu trocknenden Gegenstände genutzt.The invention relates to methods and apparatus with a sorption dryer, which receives a sorbent containing moisture from an air stream and the sorbent in a subsequent desorption process dries (regenerated). To dry the sorbent, its temperature must be greatly increased. The escaping water vapor is used to heat the objects to be dried.
Trockner zählen zu den energieintensivsten technischen Vorrichtungen. Bei Haushalts-Wäschetrocknern erreichen selbst die besten Kondensationstrockner nur die Energieeffizienzklasse B. Für die Einteilung in die Energieeffizienzklasse A sind zusätzliche Energierückgewinnungsmaßnahmen notwendig.Dryers are among the most energy-intensive technical devices. For household tumble dryers, even the best condensing dryers achieve only energy efficiency class B. Additional energy recovery measures are necessary for the division into energy efficiency class A.
Die
In der
In der Gebrauchsmusterschrift 20 2008 011 159 wird eine Geschirrspülmaschine mit einem Sorptions-Trockner beschrieben, die zur Trocknung von Benetzungsrückständen auf dem Geschirr eine Zeolithfüllung nutzt. Die Zeolithfüllung wird dabei mittels Heißluft regeneriert. Die Luftführung durch die Zeolithfüllung muss homogen erfolgen und darf zu keinen lokalen Überhitzungen weder innerhalb der Zeolithfüllung noch im Geschirrbehälter führen. Die Wärmezufuhr ist auf die Zeolithfüllung abzustimmen und kann nicht auf den jeweiligen Wärmebedarf des Geschirrspülers angepasst werden. Gegen Ende der Regenerationsphase ist die zirkulierende Heißluft zu heiß (>110°C), um in den Geschirrbehälter eingeleitet werden zu können. Die Beheizung und damit eine weitere Trocknung der Zeolithfüllung muss dann eingestellt werden. Um das Waschwasser und das Geschirr weiter auf die notwendige Waschtemperatur aufzuheizen, ist eine Zusatzheizung im Nutzvolumen notwendig. Die Wärme, die über diese Zusatzheizung an das Waschwasser abgegeben wird, steht nicht für den Sorptionsprozess zur Verfügung und kann somit nicht für eine Energieeinsparung genutzt werden. Die Zusatzheizung ist eine separat anzusteuernde Komponente.In the
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei Sorptions-Trocknern den Energieverbrauch, die Trocknungszeit und den Materialaufwand zu reduzieren.The object of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption, the drying time and the cost of materials in sorption dryers.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 7. Die abhängigen Ansprüche zeigen weitere erfinderische Verfahrensschritte und Vorrichtungen auf.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Sorptionsmittel nicht im Heißluftstrom sondern nur über Heizflächen, also rein statisch aufgeheizt. Der aus dem Sorptionsmittel desorbierte, heiße Wasserdampf strömt dabei selbstständig in das darüber liegende Nutzvolumen ab und erwärmt dort das Waschwasser und die zu trocknenden Gegenstände (Geschirr, Wäsche usw.). Die Temperatur des Wasserdampfes liegt bei ca. 100 °C. Der Dampf kann innerhalb des Nutzvolumens an allen Gegenständen, die kälter sind, auskondensieren und diese erwärmen.According to the invention, the sorbent is not heated in hot air flow but only over heating surfaces, so purely static. The desorbed from the sorbent, hot steam flows independently in the overlying useful volume and heats the wash water and the objects to be dried (dishes, laundry, etc.). The temperature of the water vapor is about 100 ° C. The vapor can condense out of the usable volume on all objects that are colder and heat them up.
Das Sorptionsmittel selbst kann bei statischer Erwärmung auf wesentlich höhere Temperaturen erwärmt werden, als es bei einer Erwärmung durch zirkulierende Heißluft möglich ist. Die aus dem Sorptionsmittel austretende Heißluft ist nämlich, und ganz besonders bei geringer Sorptionsmittel-Schütthöhe, schnell heißer als es die zu erwärmenden Gegenstände im angeschlossenen Nutzvolumen erlauben. Bei erfindungsgemäß höheren Sorptionsmittel-Temperaturen kann die eingesetzte Sorptionsmittelfüllung weitaus effizienter genutzt werden.The sorbent itself can be heated to significantly higher temperatures during static heating than is possible with heating by circulating hot air. The exiting from the sorbent hot air is namely, and especially at low sorbent bed height, quickly hotter than allow the objects to be heated in the connected useful volume. In accordance with the invention higher sorbent temperatures, the sorbent filling used can be used much more efficiently.
Das Sorptionsmittel kann optimal desorbiert werden, da es unbeeinträchtigt von der herrschenden Luftaustrittstemperatur erhitzt werden kann. Die in der Zeolithfüllung gespeicherten Wärmen, sensible Wärme und Beladungswärme, können vollumfänglich für den späteren Trocknungsschritt gepuffert werden.The sorbent can be optimally desorbed because it can be heated unimpaired by the prevailing air outlet temperature. The stored in the zeolite filling warmth, sensitive Heat and heat of loading can be fully buffered for the later drying step.
Sollte trotzdem in Einzelfällen (z.B. sehr massereiches Geschirr, sehr kaltes Wasser usw.) die Aufheizung der zu erwärmenden Gegenstände (Geschirr, Waschwasser, Wäsche usw.) durch den desorbierten Wasserdampf nicht ausreichen, kann gegen Ende der Desorption auch das Gebläse in Betrieb genommen werden, das aus dem Sorptionsmittel Wärme in das Nutzvolumen überführt. Vorteilhaft wird hierfür derselbe Luftkreislauf benutzt, der während der Trocknungsphase die Gegenstände (Geschirr, Wäsche usw.) trocknet. Mit Hilfe dieser Verfahrensvariante kann eine separate Zusatzheizung entfallen, die beim Stand der Technik nur dazu vorgesehen werden muss, die Gegenstände im Nutzvolumen auf die erforderliche Endtemperatur weiter aufzuheizen.Nevertheless, in individual cases (eg very massive dishes, very cold water, etc.), the heating of the objects to be heated (dishes, washing water, laundry, etc.) are not sufficient by the desorbed water vapor, at the end of the desorption and the fan can be put into operation , which converts heat from the sorbent into the useful volume. Advantageously, the same air circulation is used for this purpose, which dries the objects (dishes, laundry, etc.) during the drying phase. With the help of this process variant, a separate additional heating can be omitted, which must be provided in the prior art only to further heat the objects in the useful volume to the required final temperature.
Um die Einblastemperaturen in das Nutzvolumen nicht zu hoch werden zu lassen, kann über eine Bypass-Schaltung nur ein Teilluftstrom über das Sorptionsmittel gelenkt werden, während der verbleibende Hauptluftstrom durch die Bypass-Schaltung an dem heißen Sorptionsmittel vorbei gelenkt wird.In order not to let the Einblastemperaturen be in the useful volume too high, only a partial air flow can be directed through the sorbent via a bypass circuit, while the remaining main air flow is directed by the bypass circuit on the hot sorbent over.
Bypass-Schaltungen für Luftkreisläufe sind bekannt. Einfach im Aufbau und zugleich kostengünstig sind Klappen, die über ein Verstellglied die Luftströme in gewünschter Weise aufteilen. Vorteilhaft sitzt dabei das Verstellglied im Bereich des Lufteintritts in das Nutzvolumen, während die Klappe strömungsmäßig vor der Sorptionsmittelfüllung angeordnet ist und bei zu hohen Lufttemperaturen weniger Teilluft über das Sorptionsmittel strömen lässt und den zweiten Teilluftstrom an diesem vorbei leitet. Das Verstellglied kann vorteilhaft ein Bimetall-Element enthalten, das temperaturabhängig die Klappe verstellt. Nützlich sind auch Steuerungseingriffe, die beispielsweiße die Laufzeit des Lüfters takten oder dessen Drehzahl reduzieren.Bypass circuits for air circuits are known. Simple in construction and at the same time cost are flaps that divide the air flows in the desired manner via an adjusting. Advantageously, the adjusting member is seated in the region of the air inlet into the useful volume, while the flap is arranged in terms of flow before the sorbent filling and flow at low air temperatures less partial air on the sorbent and the second partial air flow passes this past. The adjusting member may advantageously contain a bimetal element which adjusts the flap depending on the temperature. Useful are also control interventions, which for example clock the runtime of the fan or reduce its speed.
Besonders vorteilhaft kann es sein, die Beheizung des Sorptionsmittels im unteren Bereich der Sorptionsmittelfüllung anzuordnen. Desorbierter, heißer Wasserdampf steigt selbständig auf und strömt durch die vor bzw. über ihm liegenden Sorptionsmittelbereiche in das Nutzvolumen. Überhitzter Dampf kühlt sich dabei ab und kann die durchströmten, nicht direkt beheizten Bereiche weiter desorbieren.It may be particularly advantageous to arrange the heating of the sorbent in the lower region of the sorbent filling. Desorbed, hot water vapor rises automatically and flows through the sorbent areas in front of or above it into the useful volume. Superheated steam cools down and can further desorb the flowed through, not directly heated areas.
Unter hohen Wasserdampfdrücken und gleichzeitig hohen Temperaturen sind nicht alle Sorptionsmittel stabil. Außer Zeolith kann keinNot all sorbents are stable under high water vapor pressures and high temperatures. Except zeolite can not
Sorptionsmittel periodisch extremen hydrothermalen Zersetzungsbedingungen ausgesetzt werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird Zeolith vom Typ Y verwendet. Dieser ist neben einigen natürlich vorkommenden Zeolithtypen unter extremen hydrothermalen Bedingungen besonders stabil. Die bisher zum Einsatz kommenden Zeolithtypen X und A sind weitaus weniger geeignet. Sie wandeln sich langsam in inaktive Verbindungen um.Sorbents are exposed periodically to extreme hydrothermal decomposition conditions. According to the invention type Y zeolite is used. This is particularly stable in addition to some naturally occurring zeolite types under extreme hydrothermal conditions. The zeolite types X and A used so far are far less suitable. They are slowly turning into inactive compounds.
Zeolithe haben auch bei relativ hohen Temperaturen (über 100° C) noch ein beträchtliches Wasserdampf-Sorptionsvermögen und eignen sich auch deshalb besonders für den erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz. Aus Stabilitätsgründen sollte die maximale Temperatur im Sorptionsmittel auf max. 600 °C begrenzt werden. Zum Desorbieren der gesamten Wassermenge genügen aber bereits weitaus niedrigere Temperaturen.Zeolites also have a considerable water vapor sorption capacity even at relatively high temperatures (above 100 ° C.) and are therefore also particularly suitable for the use according to the invention. For stability reasons, the maximum temperature in the sorbent should be limited to max. 600 ° C are limited. Desorbing the entire amount of water, however, already far lower temperatures are sufficient.
Zeolith ist ein kristallines Mineral, das in einer Gerüststruktur Silizium- und Aluminiumoxide enthält. Die sehr regelmäßige Gerüststruktur enthält Hohlräume, in welchen Wassermoleküle unter Wärmefreisetzung sorbiert werden können. Innerhalb der Gerüststruktur sind die Wassermoleküle starken Feldkräften ausgesetzt, deren Stärke von der bereits in der Gerüststruktur enthaltenen Wassermenge und der Temperatur des Zeolithen abhängt.Zeolite is a crystalline mineral that contains silicon and aluminum oxides in a framework structure. The very regular framework structure contains cavities in which water molecules can be sorbed with release of heat. Within the framework structure, the water molecules are exposed to strong field forces whose strength depends on the amount of water already contained in the framework structure and the temperature of the zeolite.
Wegen dieser starken Bindungskräfte gegenüber Wasser sollte ein Y-Zeolith erfindungsgemäß auf 300 °C erhitzt werden, um bei einem Wasserdampfpartialdruck Von 1000 hPa auf einen Restfeuchtegehalt von unter 7 Massen-% getrocknet zu werden. Erst bei Temperaturen von über 400 °C wäre der Zeolith nahezu trocken (ca. 2 Massen-%). Bei 200 °C und einem Wasserdampfdruck von 1000 hPa beträgt der Feuchtegehalt noch ca. 16 Massen-%.Because of these strong binding forces against water, a Y zeolite should be heated according to the invention to 300 ° C to be dried at a partial pressure of water vapor of 1000 hPa to a residual moisture content of less than 7% by mass. Only at temperatures above 400 ° C, the zeolite would be almost dry (about 2% by mass). At 200 ° C and a water vapor pressure of 1000 hPa, the moisture content is still about 16% by mass.
Nach dem Trocknen des Sorptionsmittels ist es abgeschirmt von Feuchtigkeit zu lagern. Eine Lagerung an feuchter Luft würde zu einer selbständigen Wasserdampfaufnahme aus der Luft führen. Solange jedoch die Temperatur der Zeolithfüllung auf hoher Temperatur bleibt ist eine Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit ausgeschlossen.After drying the sorbent, it is to be shielded from moisture storage. Storage in moist air would lead to an independent absorption of water vapor from the air. However, as long as the temperature of the zeolite filling remains at a high temperature, absorption of moisture is ruled out.
Die jeweils zum Einsatz kommende Sorptionsmittel-Menge ist für den Trocknungsprozess so zu dimensionieren und so anzuordnen, dass für den durchströmenden feuchten Luftstrom nur ein minimaler Druckabfall innerhalb des Sorptionsmittels überwunden werden muss. Zugleich muss aber das Sorptionsmittel dem zuströmenden Luftstrom ausreichend Oberfläche zur Anlagerung der Wasserdampfmoleküle bieten.The amount of sorbent used in each case is to be dimensioned for the drying process and arranged so that only a minimal pressure drop within the sorbent must be overcome for the moist air flow flowing through. At the same time, however, the sorbent must provide the inflowing air flow with sufficient surface area for attaching the water vapor molecules.
Um eine gleichmäßige Sorption innerhalb des Sorptionsmittels und gleichzeitig einen geringen Druckabfall zu gewährleisten, haben sich besonders Sorptionsmittel-Granulate bewährt. Granulatdurchmesser zwischen 2 und 6 mm zeigen für die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren optimale Resultate.In order to ensure a uniform sorption within the sorbent and at the same time a low pressure drop, particularly sorbent granules have proven themselves. Granule diameter between 2 and 6 mm show optimum results for the inventive method.
Noch vorteilhafter sind formbeständige Zeolith-Formkörper, in die bereits die Strömungskanäle eingearbeitet sein können und deren Formgebung der gewünschten Heizflächen-Geometrie angepasst ist.Even more advantageous are dimensionally stable zeolite shaped bodies into which the flow channels can already be incorporated and whose shaping is adapted to the desired heating surface geometry.
Von Vorteil ist es, wenn das Sorptionsmittel nach der Desorption bis zum Trocknungsprozess, also während des Waschprozesses bei Geschirrspülern, heiß bleibt. Erst mit Beginn des Trocknungsprozesses wird dann mittels des Gebläses Umluft über die zu trocknenden Gegenstände (Wäsche, Geschirr usw.) und durch das noch heiße Sorptionsmittel geführt. Das trockene Sorptionsmittel nimmt dabei Feuchte aus der Umluft auf und gibt Wärme an die getrocknete Umluft ab. Die erwärmte Umluft gibt die Wärme wiederum an die Gegenstände ab, bei denen dadurch Wasser von der Oberfläche verdampft und in den Umluftstrom übertragen wird. Zu Beginn dieser Trocknungsphase ist das Sorptionsmittel erfindungsgemäß noch sehr heiß. Um auch hier gegebenenfalls eine zu hohe Lufteintrittstemperatur in das Nutzvolumen zu verhindern, kann die oben beschriebene Bypass-Schaltung genutzt werden.It is advantageous if the sorbent remains hot after desorption until the drying process, ie during the washing process in dishwashers. Only at the beginning of the drying process is air circulated through the objects to be dried (laundry, dishes, etc.) and through the still hot sorbent by means of the blower. The dry sorbent absorbs moisture from the circulating air and releases heat to the dried circulating air. The heated circulating air, in turn, transfers the heat to the objects, which in turn evaporate water from the surface and transfer it into the circulating air flow. At the beginning of this drying phase, the sorbent according to the invention is still very hot. In order to prevent an excessively high air inlet temperature in the useful volume here, too, the bypass circuit described above can be used.
Auf die erfindungsgemäße Weise wird somit die gesamte für die Desorption des Wasserdampfes aus dem Sorptionsmittel aufgewandte Wärme für den späteren Reinigungs- und Trocknungsprozess genutzt. Der sonst übliche, zusätzliche Energieeinsatz zur Erwärmung der Gegenstände vor dem eigentlichen Trocknungsprozess kann entfallen. Mit entfallen kann somit auch die separate Zusatzheizung samt Regelung und Ansteuerung. Da die Trocknungsphase ohne zusätzliche Vorerwärmung des Geschirrs (Wäsche usw.) beginnen kann und zudem das Sorptionsmittel dank der höheren Desorptionstemperaturen besonders aufnahmefähig ist, ist die Trocknungszeit deutlich kürzer als beim Stand der Technik.In the manner according to the invention, the entire heat used for the desorption of the water vapor from the sorbent is thus used for the later cleaning and drying process. The usual, additional energy to heat the objects before the actual drying process can be omitted. This eliminates the need for separate auxiliary heating including control and activation. Since the drying phase without additional preheating of the dishes (laundry, etc.) can begin and also the sorbent is particularly receptive thanks to the higher desorption temperatures, the drying time is significantly shorter than in the prior art.
Bei heute üblichen Umluft-Trocknern kann der Umluftstrom während der Desorption Schmutzpartikel von schmutzigen Gegenständen (z.B. Geschirr) in das Sorptionsmittel verfrachten. Bei einer erfindungsgemäß rein statischen Beheizung des Sorptionsmittels können auch keine Schmutzpartikel aus dem Nutzvolumen in das Sorptionsmittel verfrachtet werden, da während der Desorption keine Luftströmung durch das Sorptionsmittel erfolgt. Schmutzpartikel gelangen somit erst gar nicht in die Sorptionsmittelfüllung wo sie die Strömungskanäle verstopfen können bzw. bei hohen Temperaturen verkoken und unerwünschte Gerüche abgeben würden. Beim anschließenden Trocknungsprozess, bei dem Umluft gefördert wird, sind eventuelle Schmutzpartikel aus dem Nutzvolumen bereits entfernt.In conventional circulating air dryers today, the recirculating air stream can transport dirt particles from dirty objects (eg dishes) into the sorbent during desorption. In an inventive purely static heating of the sorbent and no dirt particles from the useful volume can be shipped to the sorbent, since during desorption no air flow through the sorbent takes place. Dirt particles thus do not even reach the sorbent filling where they can clog the flow channels or coke at high temperatures and give off unwanted odors. In the subsequent drying process, in which circulated air is conveyed, any dirt particles from the useful volume are already removed.
Eine rein statische Desorption des Sorptionsmittels über Heizflächen ist gegenüber der Regeneration über einen Heißluftstrom e-nergieeffizienter. Insbesondere bei strömungsgünstiger Bauweise mit dünnem Sorptionsmittelbett geht keine Wärme durch die abströmende Heißluft verloren.A purely static desorption of the sorbent over heating surfaces is more energy-efficient than regeneration via a stream of hot air. Especially in aerodynamic design with a thin sorbent bed no heat is lost through the outflowing hot air.
Bei statischer Desorption und damit still stehendem Lüfter wird zudem Energie eingespart. Ein Gebläsestillstand von bis zu 40 Minuten kann gegenüber der bekannten Betriebsweise deutlich Stromkosten sparen.In static desorption and thus standing still fan energy is also saved. A blower standstill of up to 40 minutes can significantly save electricity costs compared to the known mode of operation.
Bei Haushalts-Wäschetrocknern mit üblichem Fassungsvermögen sind der Wäsche 2 bis 3 kg Feuchtigkeit zu entziehen. Da hierfür über 10 kg Sorptionsmittel notwendig wären, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, eine deutlich kleinere Sorptionsmittel-Menge einzusetzen und den Rest der Feuchtigkeit auf konventionelle Weise zu entfernen. Zumindest die im Sorptionsmittel adsorbierte Wassermasse kann bei tieferen Verdunstungstemperaturen aus der Wäsche schonender entfernt werden.In household tumble driers with usual capacity of the
Obwohl die erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile überwiegend für den Anwendungsfall Geschirrtrockner beschrieben sind, gilt Analoges auch für einen Wäschetrockner. Neben der angestrebten höheren Energieeffizienz erreicht man mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine niedrigere Trocknungstemperatur, die wiederum für empfindliche Gewebe vorteilhaft ist. Damit einhergehend darf eine kürzere Trocknungszeit erwartet werden.Although the advantages according to the invention are described predominantly for the application of dishwashers, the same applies to a tumble dryer. In addition to the desired higher energy efficiency can be achieved with the inventive method, a lower drying temperature, which in turn is advantageous for sensitive fabrics. As a result, a shorter drying time may be expected.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in:
-
Fig. 1 einen Geschirrtrockner mit einem Sorptionsmittel nach dem Stand der Technik; -
Fig. 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Geschirrtrockner mit einem statisch aufzuwärmenden Sorptionsmittel unterhalb des Nutzvolumens, -
Fig. 3 einen elektrisch beheizbaren Rohrlamellen-Heizkörper in geschnittener Darstellung, -
Fig. 4 einen Sorptions-Trockner mit einer Bypass-Schaltung. -
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Geschirrspülermit einem Nutzvolumen 1 in dem das zu waschende und anschließend zu trocknende Geschirr 2 in zwei Etagen gestapelt ist. In einem Sorptions-Trockner 3 befindet sichein Sorptionsmittel 4, das mittels eines Gebläses 5 und einer elektrischen Heizung 6 desorbiert werden kann.
-
Fig. 1 a dishwashing machine with a sorption agent according to the prior art; -
Fig. 2 a dishwashing machine according to the invention with a sorption agent to be heated up statically below the useful volume, -
Fig. 3 an electrically heatable tubular plate radiator in a sectional view, -
Fig. 4 a sorption dryer with a bypass circuit. -
Fig. 1 schematically shows a dishwasher with auseful volume 1 in which the to be washed and then to be driedcrockery 2 is stacked in two floors. In asorption dryer 3 is asorbent 4, which can be desorbed by means of afan 5 and an electric heater 6.
Zu Beginn des Reinigungsprozesses fördert das Gebläse 5 Umluft über die elektrische Heizung 6 und durch das Sorptionsmittel 4. Die von der Heizung 6 erhitzte Umluft erhitzt das Sorptionsmittel 4 und desorbiert den beim vorausgehenden Trocknungsprozess adsorbierten Wasserdampf. Der desorbierte Dampf wird von der aus dem Sorptionsmittel 4 abströmenden Umluft an das Geschirr 2 weitertransportiert und dort kondensiert. Die Kondensationswärme erwärmt das Geschirr 2 ebenso wie die Umluft. Die in dieser Prozessphase heiß ausströmende Umluft reduziert den Wirkungsgrad des Sorptions-Trockners 3, da die ausgetragene Wärmemenge nicht zur Desorption des Wasserdampfes eingesetzt werden kann. Bei fortschreitendem Regenerationsprozess wird die in das Nutzvolumen 1 einströmende Umluft zu heiß. Der Regenerationsprozess muss dann abgebrochen werden und das Geschirr 2 und das Waschwasser über eine konventionelle Heizung (nicht dargestellt) auf die notwendige Waschtemperatur von ca. 55 °C weiter erhitzt werden. Die hierfür eingesetzte Energie kann nicht dazu verwendet werden, das Sorptionsmittel 4 zu regenerieren. Nicht regeneriertes Sorptionsmittel 4 kann anschließend keinen Wasserdampf aufnehmen.At the beginning of the cleaning process, the
Zu Beginn des Regenerationsprozesses ist das Geschirr 2 noch schmutzig. Durch die Umluft können Schmutzpartikel und Gerüche in das Sorptionsmittel 4 eingetragen werden und gegebenenfalls Kanäle verstopfen. Die auf der Heizungsoberfläche und im Sorptionsmittel 4 herrschenden hohen Temperaturen können die eingetragenen Partikel zudem chemisch in unerwünschte Stoffe umwandeln.At the beginning of the regeneration process, the
Nach dem Desorptionsprozess wird das erwärmte Geschirr 2 wie üblich gewaschen und anschließend getrocknet. Beim Trocknungsschritt geht hierbei das Gebläse 5 in Betrieb und fördert feuchte Umluft durch das von der vorausgehenden Desorption teilweise desorbierte Sorptionsmittel 4. Dieses adsorbiert den Wasserdampf und gibt die Adsorptionswärme und die noch vorhandene fühlbare Wärme an den Umluftstrom weiter. Der Umluftstrom erwärmt damit wieder das noch feuchte Geschirr 2. An diesem noch anhaftendes Wasser verdampft und der Dampf wird wiederum vom Umluftstrom in die Sorptionsmittel-Menge überführt. Da für den Trocknungsprozess das Geschirr auf mindestens 40°C erwärmt werden muss, muss eine Zusatzheizung in Betrieb genommen werden.After the desorption process, the
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Sorptionsmittel (4) in einem späteren Zeitraum innerhalb des Sorptions-Trockners (3) durch direkte, statische Wärmezufuhr und ohne erzwungene Luftbewegung auf über 250 °C erhitzt wird und dass der dabei aus dem Sorptionsmittel (4) desorbierte Wasserdampf in das darüber angeordnete Nutzvolumen (1) aufsteigt, dort kondensiert und seine Kondensationswärme innerhalb des Nutzvolumens (1) an darin befindliche Gegenstände (2) abgibt.A process for regenerating a solid sorbent (4) housed within a sorption dryer (3) and having taken up moisture from an air stream (8) circulated through a useful volume (1),
characterized in that
the sorbent (4) is heated in a later period within the sorption dryer (3) by direct, static heat and forced air movement above 250 ° C and that of the sorbent (4) desorbed water vapor in the overlying useful volume (1) rises, condenses there and gives off its heat of condensation within the useful volume (1) to objects (2) located therein.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Sorptionsmittel (4) Zeolith vom Typ Y enthält.A method of regenerating a sorbent (4) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the sorbent (4) contains type Y zeolite.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Sorptionsmittel (4) durch direkten Kontakt mit heißen, elektrisch beheizten Heizflächen (7, 9, 10) soweit erhitzt wird, bis der Restwassergehalt innerhalb des Sorptionsmittels (4) auf weniger als 6 Massen-% abgesenkt ist. 'Method for regenerating a sorbent (4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the sorbent (4) is heated by direct contact with hot, electrically heated heating surfaces (7, 9, 10) until the residual water content within the sorbent (4) is reduced to less than 6% by mass. '
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der aus dem Sorptionsmittel (4) abströmende Wasserdampf weitere, in seiner Strömungsrichtung angeordnete Sorptionsmittelbereiche (4a) durchströmt und diese dabei erwärmt und desorbiert.Method for regenerating a sorbent (4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the water vapor flowing out of the sorbent (4) flows through further sorbent regions (4a) arranged in its flow direction and heats and desorbs them.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
gegen Ende der Regeneration erstmals ein Luftstrom (20) durch den Sorptions-Trockner (3) geführt wird, der aus dem Sorptionsmittel (4, 4a) Wärme aufnimmt und an Gegenstände im Nutzvolumen (1) überträgt bis deren Temperatur einen angestrebten Sollwert erreicht.Method for regenerating a sorbent (4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
towards the end of the regeneration for the first time an air flow (20) through the sorption dryer (3) is performed, which absorbs heat from the sorbent (4, 4a) and transfers to objects in the useful volume (1) until its temperature reaches a desired target value.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Austrittstemperatur des Luftstromes (20) aus dem Sorptions-Trockner (3) mittels einer Bypass-Schaltung (19) auf einen maximalen Wert begrenzt wird.Method for regenerating a sorbent (4) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the outlet temperature of the air stream (20) from the sorption dryer (3) by means of a bypass circuit (19) is limited to a maximum value.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die elektrische Heizfläche (7, 9, 10) im unteren Bereich des Sorptionsmittels (4) angeordnet ist und dass der abströmende Wasserdampf die darüber bzw. der Strömung nachfolgend angeordneten, nicht direkt beheizten Sorptionsmittelbereiche (4a) durchströmen kann.Apparatus for carrying out one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the electric heating surface (7, 9, 10) is arranged in the lower region of the sorbent (4) and that the outgoing water vapor can flow through the not directly heated sorbent regions (4a) arranged above or below the flow.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Sorptionsmittel (4) in einen Festkörper eingebunden ist, der mit geeigneten Strömungskanälen für die Luft- bzw. Dampfströmung versehen ist.Apparatus for carrying out one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the sorbent (4) is incorporated into a solid body provided with suitable flow channels for the flow of air or vapor.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Bypass-Schaltung (19) eine Bimetall-Spirale (14) enthält, die im Luftstrom (20) vor dem Eintritt in das Nutzvolumen (1) angeordnet ist und deren Wegänderung eine Luft-Klappe (15) verstellen kann.Apparatus for carrying out one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the bypass circuit (19) contains a bimetallic spiral (14), which is arranged in the air flow (20) before entering the useful volume (1) and whose change in position can adjust an air flap (15).
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
ein Temperaturfühler (12) im Sorptionsmittel (4) angeordnet ist, der die maximale Temperatur des Sorptionsmittels (4) begrenzt.Apparatus for carrying out one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
a temperature sensor (12) is arranged in the sorbent (4) which limits the maximum temperature of the sorbent (4).
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DE102009048005A DE102009048005A1 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2009-10-02 | Sorption dryer with zeolite |
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Cited By (6)
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EP2394730A1 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-14 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Method for drying an item and household device with an absorption device |
WO2013050541A1 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Arcelik Anonim Sirketi | A dishwasher comprising a dehumidifying unit |
EP2609981A3 (en) * | 2012-01-02 | 2014-12-03 | Zeo-Tech Zeolith- Technologie | Aborber with absorbent for dehumidifying air |
JP2015202328A (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-11-16 | 株式会社東芝 | Clothing dryer |
CN110787627A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-14 | 宁波德业科技股份有限公司 | Heating regeneration type deodorization method and device of air cleaner |
WO2022184228A1 (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. | Dishwashing machine and method of operating a dishwashing machine |
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DE102011000167A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-19 | Miele & Cie. Kg | Domestic appliance, particularly dishwasher, clothes dryer or washer dryer, has treatment chamber and sorbent that removes moisture of air as sorptive |
DE202011107555U1 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2012-10-29 | Dürr Systems GmbH | filter system |
KR20140044819A (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2014-04-15 | 듀르 시스템스 게엠베하 | Filter facility and method for operating a filter facility |
WO2013013847A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-31 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Method for operating a filter device and filter device |
CN104856627B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-12-29 | 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 | Dish-washing machine |
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