EP2302200B1 - Method for operating a glow plug when an engine is running - Google Patents

Method for operating a glow plug when an engine is running Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2302200B1
EP2302200B1 EP10007890A EP10007890A EP2302200B1 EP 2302200 B1 EP2302200 B1 EP 2302200B1 EP 10007890 A EP10007890 A EP 10007890A EP 10007890 A EP10007890 A EP 10007890A EP 2302200 B1 EP2302200 B1 EP 2302200B1
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Prior art keywords
specified
maximum
actual value
maximum increment
effective voltage
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EP10007890A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2302200A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Kernwein
Jörg Stöckle
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BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
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BorgWarner Beru Systems GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F02P19/022—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls using intermittent current supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2024—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit the control switching a load after time-on and time-off pulses
    • F02D2041/2027—Control of the current by pulse width modulation or duty cycle control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/026—Glow plug actuation during engine operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a glow plug with the engine running, in which an effective voltage is generated from a vehicle electrical system voltage by pulse width modulation.
  • Glow plugs are used in diesel engines for starting and while the engine is running to assist combustion. While driving, the energy consumption of glow plugs is indeed smaller than during a warm-up phase for starting the engine, since the glow plugs have already reached their operating temperature range, however, glow plugs remove even in such Nachloomphase the electrical system of the vehicle considerable electrical power.
  • the power requirement of the glow system to the vehicle generator and the vehicle battery is subject to short-term fluctuations, since the heat output of the glow plug and thus the operating voltage required to maintain an optimum operating temperature depends on various engine parameters, such as the engine speed.
  • the object of the invention is to show a way, as with the engine running the associated with the operation of glow plugs load on the electrical system can be reduced.
  • a setpoint value which depends on the engine speed is specified for the effective voltage which is applied to the glow plug. Since the heat output of a glow plug, and therefore also the effective voltage required to maintain an optimum candle temperature depend on the engine condition and thus on the engine speed, efficient operation of the glow plug can be achieved in this way, on the one hand ensures good combustion and on the other hand an unnecessary burden Glow plug avoids.
  • an irregular engine running in which the speed and the burned fuel quantity can change very quickly and repeatedly in a wide range.
  • the desired value of the effective voltage is subject to relatively large short-term fluctuations. If one then takes the actual value of the effective voltage immediately, i. At the next voltage pulse, changes to the setpoint, resulting in accordance with irregular power requirements for the electrical system, which can put the entire system motor / electrical system in a restless state by feedback or keep for a long period in a troubled state.
  • a maximum step size for a change in the actual value of the effective voltage to the target value in at least one direction By specifying a maximum step size for a change in the actual value of the effective voltage to the target value in at least one direction, strong changes in the effective voltage are delayed. Feedback can be reduced in this way and the irregular load on the electrical system and the engine can be reduced overall.
  • a change of the actual value is carried out in one or more directions in a plurality of steps to a setpoint deviating from the actual value by more than the maximum step size.
  • a maximum step size for a change of the actual value of the effective voltage in a single direction ie an increase or a decrease.
  • a maximum step size is specified.
  • the maximum increment for an increase and the maximum increment for a reduction are preferably the same size, but may differ.
  • a maximum step size is preferably predetermined at least for an increase of the actual value of the effective voltage, and an increase of the actual value to a desired value which exceeds the actual value by more than the maximum step size is carried out in several steps. In this way, a large erratic increase in the effective voltage can be advantageously avoided.
  • a sudden increase in the effective voltage leads to a particularly disadvantageous load on the electrical system, while a sudden decrease in the effective voltage for the electrical system is less critical.
  • the maximum step size is preferably predetermined as a function of the engine state, for example as a function of the engine speed. It is particularly advantageous to specify the maximum increment as a function of the engine speed and the number of crankshaft revolutions since engine start. In addition, other engine parameters, such as the engine load, can be used to determine the maximum step size.
  • the maximum step size can be set, for example, by means of a characteristic curve, a characteristic diagram or a mathematical model. In principle, it is also possible to specify the maximum step size as a fixed value.
  • the pulse width modulation for generating the effective voltage is preferably carried out by a switch that connects the glow plug to the vehicle electrical system, for example a power transistor, is actuated twice within a specified period. Within a specified period, the switch is thus closed once and opened once.
  • the sequence of closing and opening the switch can be chosen arbitrarily for each period, so that, for example, a voltage pulse which begins within a first period, does not necessarily have to be completed within the first period. It is also possible that a voltage pulse begins within a first period and is terminated only during a second period thereat. Within this second period is then started after a pause with another voltage pulse.
  • the time portion of the period during which the switch is closed and consequently the vehicle electrical system voltage applied to the glow plug is referred to as a duty cycle.
  • the effective voltage can be calculated with a constant vehicle electrical system voltage as the square root of the product of duty cycle and board voltage square.
  • the pulse width modulation is preferably carried out such that the period duration is kept constant for a relatively long period of time.
  • the period can be halved when reaching a certain speed threshold.
  • the maximum step size is specified as the maximum possible change in the duty cycle over a predetermined number of periods. It is possible, for example, that a change in the duty cycle for adjusting the actual value to a desired value only after a predetermined number of periods, for example, after two or three periods is possible. However, the maximum step size is preferred as the maximum possible change in the duty cycle between two predetermined successive periods. This means that the duty cycle between a period and the subsequent period can be changed.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention provides that the rate of change of the effective voltage is limited to a maximum of 0.1 V per period, preferably to a maximum of 0.05 V, in particular to a maximum of 0.01 V per period, by the maximum step size. Due to the maximum step size, it is advantageously possible to specify a barrier, that is to say a maximum value or a minimum value, of the first derivative of the rms voltage according to time.
  • the maximum step size ie the maximum permissible change in the effective voltage in a step divided by the time duration of a step, namely specifies the maximum permissible value of the value of the first derivative of the effective voltage after the time.
  • the maximum step size specifies a maximum value of the first derivative of the rms voltage after the time. Since the first time derivation is negative when the effective voltage is reduced, a minimum value of the derivative is given by a maximum value of the step size permissible for a reduction. Since a value of the effective voltage is defined for only one period of the pulse width modulation, the first derivative of the effective voltage of the time can only be formed numerically, for example by determining the difference between the values of the effective voltage of two consecutive periods and dividing by the period.
  • the desired value is preferably predefined as a function of the engine speed and / or the number of crankshaft revolutions since engine start.
  • the setpoint may depend on other variables, such as the engine load or a measured temperature, such as the cooling water temperature or the ambient temperature.
  • the setpoint can be determined with a characteristic curve or a characteristic diagram. It is also possible, for example, to calculate the desired value with a mathematical model of the engine speed and possibly other variables.
  • the inventive method can be applied to glow plugs of any type, especially in ceramic and metallic glow plugs.
  • a method according to the invention can be carried out with a glow plug control device or a software kernel in another control device.
  • a controller may be similar in hardware hardware glow plug controllers, so that a detailed description is unnecessary.
  • a program is stored in a memory of the control unit, so that the control unit can execute the method described above during operation.
  • the controller has a signal input for a signal dependent on the engine speed. From the value of this signal, and possibly other signals applied to further signal inputs, the controller calculates a set point for the rms voltage applied to the particular glow plug.
  • the effective voltage is generated by the control unit by pulse width modulation of the vehicle electrical system voltage, for example by the control unit having a control output to which a transistor switch, preferably a field effect transistor, for example a MOSFET, is connected.
  • This switch can be actuated twice by the controller during a period of the pulse width modulation, so that during part of the period the vehicle electrical system voltage is applied to the glow plug and during the remainder of the period the switch is opened and the glow plug is thus decoupled from the electrical system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves generating an effective voltage from a system voltage by pulse width modulation. The effective voltage is applied at a glow plug, and is changed as a function of one or more engine parameters. A nominal value of the effective voltage is specified, where the nominal value depends on the engine parameters. An independent claim is also included for a glow plug control unit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Glühkerze bei laufendem Motor, bei dem aus einer Bordnetzspannung durch Pulsweitenmodulation eine Effektivspannung erzeugt wird.The invention relates to a method for operating a glow plug with the engine running, in which an effective voltage is generated from a vehicle electrical system voltage by pulse width modulation.

Glühkerzen werden bei Dieselmotoren zum Starten und bei laufendem Motor zur Unterstützung der Verbrennung eingesetzt. Während der Fahrt ist der Energiebedarf von Glühkerzen zwar kleiner als während einer Aufheizphase zum Starten des Motors, da die Glühkerzen ihren Betriebstemperaturbereich bereits erreicht haben, jedoch entnehmen Glühkerzen auch in einer solchen Nachheizphase dem Bordnetz des Fahrzeugs eine erhebliche elektrische Leistung. Die Leistungsanforderung des Glühsystems an den Fahrzeuggenerator und die Fahrzeugbatterie unterliegt dabei kurzfristigen Schwankungen, da die Wärmeabgabe der Glühkerze und damit die zum Aufrechterhalten einer optimalen Betriebstemperatur erforderliche Betriebsspannung von verschiedenen Motorparametern abhängt, beispielsweise der Motordrehzahl. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Weg aufzuzeigen, wie bei laufendem Motor die mit dem Betrieb von Glühkerzen verbundene Belastung des Bordnetzes reduziert werden kann.Glow plugs are used in diesel engines for starting and while the engine is running to assist combustion. While driving, the energy consumption of glow plugs is indeed smaller than during a warm-up phase for starting the engine, since the glow plugs have already reached their operating temperature range, however, glow plugs remove even in such Nachheizphase the electrical system of the vehicle considerable electrical power. The power requirement of the glow system to the vehicle generator and the vehicle battery is subject to short-term fluctuations, since the heat output of the glow plug and thus the operating voltage required to maintain an optimum operating temperature depends on various engine parameters, such as the engine speed. The object of the invention is to show a way, as with the engine running the associated with the operation of glow plugs load on the electrical system can be reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Glühkerze mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a method for operating a glow plug having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird für die Effektivspannung, welche an die Glühkerze angelegt wird, ein Sollwert vorgegeben, der von der Motordrehzahl abhängt. Da die Wärmeabgabe einer Glühkerze und deshalb auch die zum Aufrechterhalten einer optimalen Kerzentemperatur erforderliche Effektivspannung vom Motorzustand und somit von der Motordrehzahl abhängen, kann auf diese Weise ein effizienter Betrieb der Glühkerze realisiert werden, der einerseits für eine gute Verbrennung sorgt und andererseits eine unnötige Belastung der Glühkerze vermeidet.In a method according to the invention, a setpoint value which depends on the engine speed is specified for the effective voltage which is applied to the glow plug. Since the heat output of a glow plug, and therefore also the effective voltage required to maintain an optimum candle temperature depend on the engine condition and thus on the engine speed, efficient operation of the glow plug can be achieved in this way, on the one hand ensures good combustion and on the other hand an unnecessary burden Glow plug avoids.

Insbesondere in einer Kaltlaufphase nach dem Starten eines Motors kann ein unregelmäßiger Motorlauf auftreten, in welchem sich die Drehzahl und die verbrannte Kraftstoffmenge sehr schnell und wiederholt in einem weiten Bereich ändern können. Bei einem unregelmäßigen Motorlauf unterliegt der Sollwert der Effektivspannung verhältnismäßig großen kurzfristigen Schwankungen. Wenn man den Istwert der Effektivspannung dann sofort, d.h. beim nächsten Spannungspuls, auf den Sollwert ändert, ergeben sich entsprechend unregelmäßige Leistungsanforderungen an das Bordnetz, die durch Rückkopplung das Gesamtsystem Motor/Bordnetz in einen unruhigen Zustand versetzen oder über einen längeren Zeitraum in einem unruhigen Zustand halten können.In particular, in a cold running phase after starting an engine may occur an irregular engine running, in which the speed and the burned fuel quantity can change very quickly and repeatedly in a wide range. In the event of an irregular engine run, the desired value of the effective voltage is subject to relatively large short-term fluctuations. If one then takes the actual value of the effective voltage immediately, i. At the next voltage pulse, changes to the setpoint, resulting in accordance with irregular power requirements for the electrical system, which can put the entire system motor / electrical system in a restless state by feedback or keep for a long period in a troubled state.

Indem man für eine Änderung des Istwerts der Effektivspannung auf den Sollwert in mindestens einer Richtung eine maximale Schrittweite vorgibt, werden starke Änderungen der Effektivspannung verzögert. Rückkopplungen können auf diese Weise reduziert und die unregelmäßige Belastung des Bordnetzes sowie des Motors insgesamt verringert werden. Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird eine Änderung des Istwerts auf einen von dem Istwert um mehr als die maximale Schrittweite abweichenden Sollwert in mindestens einer Richtung in mehreren Schritten durchgeführt.By specifying a maximum step size for a change in the actual value of the effective voltage to the target value in at least one direction, strong changes in the effective voltage are delayed. Feedback can be reduced in this way and the irregular load on the electrical system and the engine can be reduced overall. In a method according to the invention is a change of the actual value is carried out in one or more directions in a plurality of steps to a setpoint deviating from the actual value by more than the maximum step size.

Um Rückkopplungen zu reduzieren genügt es, für eine Änderung des Istwerts der Effektivspannung in einer einzigen Richtung, also eine Erhöhung oder eine Absenkungen, eine maximale Schrittweite vorzugeben. Besonders vorteilhafte Ergebnisse können erzielt werden, wenn in beiden Richtungen, also sowohl für eine Erhöhung als auch für eine Absenkung des Istwerts, eine maximale Schrittweite vorgegeben wird. Die maximale Schrittweite für eine Erhöhung und die maximale Schrittweite für eine Absenkung sind bevorzugt gleich groß, können jedoch auch voneinander abweichen.In order to reduce feedback, it is sufficient to specify a maximum step size for a change of the actual value of the effective voltage in a single direction, ie an increase or a decrease. Particularly advantageous results can be achieved if in both directions, ie both for an increase and for a reduction of the actual value, a maximum step size is specified. The maximum increment for an increase and the maximum increment for a reduction are preferably the same size, but may differ.

Wenn nur für eine Änderung der Effektivspannung in einer Richtung eine maximale Schrittweite vorgegeben werden soll, beispielsweise um die Steuerung zu vereinfachen, ist es vorteilhaft, eine maximale Schrittweite für eine Erhöhung vorzugeben. Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird deshalb bevorzugt zumindest für eine Erhöhung des Istwerts der Effektivspannung eine maximale Schrittweite vorgegeben und eine Erhöhung des Istwerts auf einen Sollwert, der den Istwert um mehr als die maximale Schrittweite übersteigt, in mehreren Schritten durchgeführt. Auf diese Weise kann eine große sprunghafte Erhöhung der Effektivspannung vorteilhaft vermieden werden. Eine sprunghafte Erhöhung der Effektivspannung führt nämlich zu einer besonders nachteiligen Belastung des Bordnetzes, während eine sprunghafte Absenkung der Effektivspannung für das Bordnetz weniger kritisch ist.If only for a change in the effective voltage in one direction, a maximum step size is to be specified, for example, to simplify the control, it is advantageous to specify a maximum increment for an increase. In a method according to the invention, therefore, a maximum step size is preferably predetermined at least for an increase of the actual value of the effective voltage, and an increase of the actual value to a desired value which exceeds the actual value by more than the maximum step size is carried out in several steps. In this way, a large erratic increase in the effective voltage can be advantageously avoided. A sudden increase in the effective voltage leads to a particularly disadvantageous load on the electrical system, while a sudden decrease in the effective voltage for the electrical system is less critical.

Die maximale Schrittweite wird bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit vom Motorzustand vorgegeben, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Motordrehzahl. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die maximale Schrittweite in Abhängigkeit von der Motordrehzahl und der Anzahl der Kurbelwellenumdrehungen seit Motorstart vorzugeben. Zusätzlich können zur Festlegung der maximalen Schrittweite auch andere Motorparameter, beispielsweise die Motorlast, verwendet werden. Die maximale Schrittweite kann beispielsweise mittels einer Kennlinie, einem Kennfeld oder einem mathematischen Modell eingestellt werden. Prinzipiell ist es auch möglich, die maximale Schrittweite als einen Festwert vorzugeben.The maximum step size is preferably predetermined as a function of the engine state, for example as a function of the engine speed. It is particularly advantageous to specify the maximum increment as a function of the engine speed and the number of crankshaft revolutions since engine start. In addition, other engine parameters, such as the engine load, can be used to determine the maximum step size. The maximum step size can be set, for example, by means of a characteristic curve, a characteristic diagram or a mathematical model. In principle, it is also possible to specify the maximum step size as a fixed value.

Die Pulsweitenmodulation zur Erzeugung der Effektivspannung wird bevorzugt durchgeführt, indem innerhalb einer festgelegten Periode ein die Glühkerze mit dem Bordnetz verbindender Schalter, beispielsweise ein Leistungstransistor, zweimal betätigt wird. Innerhalb einer festgelegten Periode wird der Schalter also einmal geschlossen und einmal geöffnet. Die Reihenfolge des Schließens und Öffnens des Schalters kann dabei für jede Periode beliebig gewählt werden, so dass beispielsweise ein Spannungspuls, der innerhalb einer ersten Periode beginnt, nicht zwingend innerhalb der ersten Periode beendet werden muss. Möglich ist es auch, dass ein Spannungspuls innerhalb einer ersten Periode beginnt und erst während einer daran zweiten Periode beendet wird. Innerhalb dieser zweiten Periode wird dann nach einer Pause mit einem weiteren Spannungspuls begonnen. Der Zeitanteil der Periode, während welchem der Schalter geschlossen ist und folglich die Bordnetzspannung an der Glühkerze anliegt wird als Tastgrad bezeichnet. Die Effektivspannung kann bei konstanter Bordnetzspannung als Quadratwurzel aus dem Produkt aus Tastgrad und Bordnetzspannungsquadrat berechnet werden.The pulse width modulation for generating the effective voltage is preferably carried out by a switch that connects the glow plug to the vehicle electrical system, for example a power transistor, is actuated twice within a specified period. Within a specified period, the switch is thus closed once and opened once. The sequence of closing and opening the switch can be chosen arbitrarily for each period, so that, for example, a voltage pulse which begins within a first period, does not necessarily have to be completed within the first period. It is also possible that a voltage pulse begins within a first period and is terminated only during a second period thereat. Within this second period is then started after a pause with another voltage pulse. The time portion of the period during which the switch is closed and consequently the vehicle electrical system voltage applied to the glow plug is referred to as a duty cycle. The effective voltage can be calculated with a constant vehicle electrical system voltage as the square root of the product of duty cycle and board voltage square.

An sich ist es aber auch möglich, zur Erzeugung der Effektivspannung ein Verfahren der Pulsweitenmodulation einzusetzen, bei dem zur Einstellung eines angestrebten Tastgrades die Periodendauer variabel ist, also beispielsweise die Dauer der Spannungspulse konstant bleibt und stattdessen die Dauer der zwischen den Pulsen liegenden Pausen geändert wird. Bevorzugt wird jedoch, wie bereits erwähnt, die Pulsweitenmodulation derart durchgeführt, dass die Periodendauer während eines längeren Zeitraums konstant gehalten wird. Dabei ist es jedoch durchaus möglich, die Periodendauer stufenweise zu ändern, beispielsweise kann die Periodendauer bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Drehzahlschwelle halbiert werden.In itself, it is also possible to use a method of pulse width modulation for generating the effective voltage, in which the period is variable to set a desired duty cycle, so for example, the duration of the voltage pulses remains constant and instead the duration of the pauses lying between the pulses is changed , However, as already mentioned, the pulse width modulation is preferably carried out such that the period duration is kept constant for a relatively long period of time. However, it is quite possible to change the period in stages, for example, the period can be halved when reaching a certain speed threshold.

Bevorzugt wird die maximale Schrittweite als maximal mögliche Änderung des Tastgrades im Laufe einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Perioden vorgegeben. Dabei ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass eine Änderung des Tastgrades zur Anpassung des Istwerts an einen Sollwert stets nur nach einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Perioden, beispielsweise nach zwei oder drei Perioden möglich ist. Bevorzugt wird die maximale Schrittweite aber als maximal mögliche Änderung des Tastgrades zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Perioden vorgegeben. Dies bedeutet, dass der Tastgrad zwischen einer Periode und der anschließenden Periode geändert werden kann.Preferably, the maximum step size is specified as the maximum possible change in the duty cycle over a predetermined number of periods. It is possible, for example, that a change in the duty cycle for adjusting the actual value to a desired value only after a predetermined number of periods, for example, after two or three periods is possible. However, the maximum step size is preferred as the maximum possible change in the duty cycle between two predetermined successive periods. This means that the duty cycle between a period and the subsequent period can be changed.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass durch die maximale Schrittweite die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit der Effektivspannung auf höchstens 0,1 V pro Periode, bevorzugt auf höchstens 0,05 V, insbesondere auf höchstens 0,01 V pro Periode, begrenzt ist. Durch die maximale Schrittweite kann vorteilhaft eine Schranke, also ein Maximalwert bzw. ein Minimalwert, der ersten Ableitung der Effektivspannung nach der Zeit vorgegeben werden. Die maximale Schrittweite, also die bei einem Schritt maximal zulässiger Änderung der Effektivspannung, dividiert durch die Zeitdauer eines Schritts gibt nämlich den maximal zulässigen Betrag des Werts der ersten Ableitung der Effektivspannung nach der Zeit vor. Für eine Erhöhung ist durch die maximale Schrittweite ein Maximalwert der ersten Ableitung der Effektivspannung nach der Zeit vorgegeben. Da die bei einer Absenkung der Effektivspannung erste zeitliche Ableitung negativ ist, wird durch einen Maximalwert der bei einer Absenkung zulässigen Schrittweite entsprechend ein Mindestwert der Ableitung vorgegeben. Da ein Wert der Effektivspannung jeweils nur für eine Periode der Pulsweitenmodulation definiert ist, kann die erste Ableitung der Effektivspannung der Zeit nur numerisch gebildet werden, beispielsweise indem die Differenz zwischen den Werten der Effektivspannung von zwei aufeinander folgenden Perioden bestimmt und durch die Periodendauer geteilt wird.A further advantageous development of the invention provides that the rate of change of the effective voltage is limited to a maximum of 0.1 V per period, preferably to a maximum of 0.05 V, in particular to a maximum of 0.01 V per period, by the maximum step size. Due to the maximum step size, it is advantageously possible to specify a barrier, that is to say a maximum value or a minimum value, of the first derivative of the rms voltage according to time. The maximum step size, ie the maximum permissible change in the effective voltage in a step divided by the time duration of a step, namely specifies the maximum permissible value of the value of the first derivative of the effective voltage after the time. For an increase, the maximum step size specifies a maximum value of the first derivative of the rms voltage after the time. Since the first time derivation is negative when the effective voltage is reduced, a minimum value of the derivative is given by a maximum value of the step size permissible for a reduction. Since a value of the effective voltage is defined for only one period of the pulse width modulation, the first derivative of the effective voltage of the time can only be formed numerically, for example by determining the difference between the values of the effective voltage of two consecutive periods and dividing by the period.

Der Sollwert wird bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit von der Motordrehzahl und/oder der Anzahl der Kurbelwellenumdrehungen seit Motorstart vorgegeben. Neben der Motordrehzahl kann der Sollwert von weiteren Größen abhängen, beispielsweise von der Motorlast oder einer gemessenen Temperatur, beispielsweise der Kühlwassertemperatur oder der Umgebungstemperatur. Der Sollwert kann mit einer Kennlinie oder einem Kennfeld ermittelt werden. Möglich ist es beispielsweise auch, den Sollwert mit einem mathematischen Modell aus der Motordrehzahl und eventuell weiteren Größen zu berechnen.In the case of a method according to the invention, the desired value is preferably predefined as a function of the engine speed and / or the number of crankshaft revolutions since engine start. In addition to the engine speed, the setpoint may depend on other variables, such as the engine load or a measured temperature, such as the cooling water temperature or the ambient temperature. The setpoint can be determined with a characteristic curve or a characteristic diagram. It is also possible, for example, to calculate the desired value with a mathematical model of the engine speed and possibly other variables.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann bei Glühkerzen beliebigen Typs angewandt werden, insbesondere bei keramischen und metallischen Glühkerzen.The inventive method can be applied to glow plugs of any type, especially in ceramic and metallic glow plugs.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren kann mit einem Glühkerzensteuergerät oder einem Softwarekern in einem anderen Steuergerät ausgeführt werden. Ein solches Steuergerät kann hinsichtlich seiner Hardware handelsüblichen Glühkerzensteuergeräten entsprechen, so dass sich eine detaillierte Beschreibung erübrigt. In einem Speicher des Steuergeräts ist ein Programm gespeichert, so dass das Steuergerät im Betrieb das vorstehend beschriebene Verfahren ausführen kann. Das Steuergerät hat einen Signaleingang für ein von der Motordrehzahl abhängendes Signal. Aus dem Wert dieses Signals und eventuell anderer, an weiteren Signaleingängen anliegenden Signalen berechnet das Steuergerät einen Sollwert für die Effektivspannung, die an die betreffende Glühkerze angelegt wird. Die Effektivspannung wird von dem Steuergerät durch Pulsweitenmodulation der Bordnetzspannung erzeugt, beispielsweise indem das Steuergerät einen Steuerausgang aufweist, an den ein Transistorschalter, bevorzugt ein Feldeffekttransistor, beispielsweise ein MOSFET, angeschlossen ist. Dieser Schalter kann von dem Steuergerät während einer Periode der Pulsweitenmodulation zweimal betätigt werden, so dass während eines Teils der Periode die Bordnetzspannung an der Glühkerze anliegt und während des restlichen Teils der Periode der Schalter geöffnet und die Glühkerze folglich von dem Bordnetz abgekoppelt ist.A method according to the invention can be carried out with a glow plug control device or a software kernel in another control device. Such a controller may be similar in hardware hardware glow plug controllers, so that a detailed description is unnecessary. A program is stored in a memory of the control unit, so that the control unit can execute the method described above during operation. The controller has a signal input for a signal dependent on the engine speed. From the value of this signal, and possibly other signals applied to further signal inputs, the controller calculates a set point for the rms voltage applied to the particular glow plug. The effective voltage is generated by the control unit by pulse width modulation of the vehicle electrical system voltage, for example by the control unit having a control output to which a transistor switch, preferably a field effect transistor, for example a MOSFET, is connected. This switch can be actuated twice by the controller during a period of the pulse width modulation, so that during part of the period the vehicle electrical system voltage is applied to the glow plug and during the remainder of the period the switch is opened and the glow plug is thus decoupled from the electrical system.

Claims (15)

  1. A method for operating a glow plug with the engine running, characterized in that
    an effective voltage, which is applied to the glow plug and changed as a function of one or more engine parameters, is generated from a vehicle electrical system voltage by pulse width modulation,
    a target value of the effective voltage that is dependent on engine parameters and to which the effective voltage is changed is specified,
    a maximum increment is specified for a change of the actual value of the effective voltage in at least one direction, and a change of the actual value in at least one direction to a target value that deviates from the actual value by more than the maximum increment is carried out in several steps.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a maximum increment is specified for an increase of the actual value of the effective voltage, and an increase of the actual value to a target value which is higher than the actual value by more than the maximum increment is carried out in several steps.
  3. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a maximum increment is specified for a decrease of the actual value, and a decrease of the actual value to a target value which is lower than the actual value by more than the maximum increment is carried out in several steps.
  4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the maximum increment for an increase of the actual value and the maximum increase for a decrease of the actual value are equal.
  5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as a function of the engine state.
  6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as a function of the number of crankshaft revolutions since the engine was started.
  7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as a function of the engine load.
  8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as a characteristic curve, map or mathematical model.
  9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulse width modulation is carried out in that a switch connecting the glow plug to the vehicle electrical system is actuated twice during an established period.
  10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as the maximum possible change of the duty cycle over the course of a specified number of periods.
  11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the maximum increment is specified as the maximum possible change of the duty cycle between two consecutive periods.
  12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum increment specifies a threshold for the first derivative of the effective voltage after the time.
  13. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target value is specified as a function of the engine load.
  14. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the target value is specified as a function of measured temperature.
  15. Glow plug control device, characterized in that in operation it executes a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP10007890A 2009-08-19 2010-07-29 Method for operating a glow plug when an engine is running Active EP2302200B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009038098A DE102009038098B4 (en) 2009-08-19 2009-08-19 Method for operating a glow plug with the engine running

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EP2302200A1 EP2302200A1 (en) 2011-03-30
EP2302200B1 true EP2302200B1 (en) 2011-10-19

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US (1) US8577583B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2302200B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2011043161A (en)
CN (1) CN101994630B (en)
AT (1) ATE529629T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102009038098B4 (en)

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US9388787B2 (en) * 2013-02-19 2016-07-12 Southwest Research Institute Methods, devices and systems for glow plug operation of a combustion engine
US9644532B2 (en) 2015-04-14 2017-05-09 Sheldon J. Demmons Autonomous glow driver for radio controlled engines
US9657707B2 (en) * 2015-04-14 2017-05-23 Sheldon J. Demmons Autonomous glow driver for radio controlled engines
CN111946525A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-17 蔡梦圆 Rotating speed variable voltage type power supply for two-stroke gasoline engine hot fire head

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CN101994630A (en) 2011-03-30
US8577583B2 (en) 2013-11-05
DE102009038098A1 (en) 2011-02-24
DE102009038098B4 (en) 2011-07-07
ATE529629T1 (en) 2011-11-15
CN101994630B (en) 2014-08-06
US20110041818A1 (en) 2011-02-24
EP2302200A1 (en) 2011-03-30
JP2011043161A (en) 2011-03-03

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