EP2302135A1 - Prefabricated component element for underwater installation and module for reducing coastal erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (10) has twelve passage openings (2) formed over a surface of a base body (1) that is made of cast concrete material, and a reinforcement part (4) formed in an interior of material of the base body for reinforcing the base body. The reinforcement part comprises multiple rods (5) made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. The shape and size of the passage openings are adjusted such that the openings are permeable to sand and sediments under a preset size and form a partial retainer on the element for stone and sediments having the preset size.

Description

The invention relates to a prefabricated element element for use in the coastal area and in particular in the underwater area for coastal protection, dam protection or avoidance of coastal erosion. The invention also relates to an erosion prevention module which can be used to prevent erosion and / or accumulation of sediments near the shore under water.

Various coastal protection or dam protection elements as well as erosion prevention devices have been proposed in the prior art US 3,280,569 a bank protection element for preventing erosion in the coastal area is known, which consists of two plate-shaped concrete elements, which can be coupled via laterally projecting arms together to form a box-like module and which are provided with a series of passage openings for the passage of water. The two concrete elements of this erosion prevention device are closed by a bottom and a lid, so that in addition to the relatively small passage openings, the module is almost completely closed and is only open at the side. This erosion prevention device requires relatively complex shapes for its manufacture to form the cantilevered connecting arms. The device is also inflexible because of its box-like shape and only suitable for use as a stand element.

From the GB 904514 For example, an artificial dam element is known which is constructed as a substantially U-shaped breakwater structure. A seaward upright wall of the breakwater structure is provided with a plurality of circular passages, while the landside upright wall is formed without passages. The two wall elements are on the bottom side firmly connected to each other via a base plate made of concrete and supported in the upper area against each other by beams. The diameters of the passages in the seaward wall are dimensioned such that there impinging waves are broken and the kinetic energy is reduced to avoid damage from the waves. This breakwater structure is unsuitable as a one-piece, U-shaped concrete element for flexible use, for example on a slope and quite expensive to manufacture. The small size of the passage openings and the missing openings in the landside wall of the breakwater structure are unsuitable for sedimentation and sediment collection.

For the protection of dams on coasts or on rivers also different types of prefabricated elements from the prior art are known FR 968 989 a flat member for covering a steep bank or embankment, which is hexagonally shaped and each having concave and convex sides to be coupled with other elements in the same area. One of the elements can be secured via an anchoring rod in the soil of the dam. Since this dam protection element has no passages, it is completely impermeable to water as well as to rock and sand. Since only one of the hexagonal elements is secured by means of a rod introduced into the ground of the dam, dam damage can easily occur if one of the elements breaks out, for example due to strong waves, and thus the surface coupling between the hexagonal elements is released.

The invention has the object of providing a plate-shaped prefabricated element element for coastal protection, dam protection and avoidance of coastal erosion and an erosion prevention module, which can be used flexibly in various applications under water and on coasts and can be produced with the simplest possible means , In addition, a secure fixation at the installation site and a long service life should be ensured even at high stress areas.

This object is achieved by a plate-shaped prefabricated element element with the features of claim 1 and by a module for erosion prevention with the features of claim 16. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

According to the invention a plate-shaped prefabricated element element is proposed for use in the coastal area and in particular in the underwater area, which consists of at least one base plate, which more over the surface of the base plate having distributed passage openings, and which is provided with a reinforcement for stiffening, wherein the prefabricated element element according to the invention is characterized in that the reinforcement consists of several in the material of the base plate at least partially embedded rods made of a plastic material and that the passage openings in the Base plate are adapted in shape and / or in size such that they are permeable to sand and sediment below a predefined size, but for rock and sediments from a predefined size form an at least partial retention of the element. The plate shape provides a simply designed prefabricated component which can be produced with relatively little effort, is easy to transport and can be flexibly installed in various situations, particularly in the underwater area. The plate-shaped prefabricated component according to the invention can be installed vertically as a stand element as well as placed on sloping slopes lying flat on the floor or on sloping slopes standing and fixed. Through the passage openings on the one hand, the weight of the prefabricated element element is reduced overall. On the other hand, the prefabricated element element is permeable to water, so that a sub-rinsing and washing away of the element, for example when it is used as a dam on the embankment, is prevented. The passage openings also have the advantage that the element according to the invention can also be used for sanding and avoiding erosion on moving coastal waters, since the passage openings allow the water flow and entrained sediments to pass through and are thus ideally suited for the collection of sand and rock behind the element.

Due to the reinforcement of rods made of a corrosion-resistant material, in particular a plastic-based material, the prefabricated element element according to the invention for long-term use under water is ideally suited. Corrosion, which can occur, for example, in the case of steel reinforcements in concrete components and which then inevitably leads to breakage and destruction of the elements, is effectively prevented by the use of corrosion-resistant bars as reinforcing material. The reinforcement may also protrude partially from the material of the base plate according to an alternative embodiment of the invention and be used in addition to the stiffening and production of the strength of the plate for further purposes, for example, to a fixation of foundation formation or to a coupling with other identical prefabricated elements. As a corrosion-resistant material of the reinforcing bars, in particular a fiber-reinforced plastic material can be used, which in addition to the Corrosion resistance also has the advantage that due to the lower stiffness than, for example, metal deformation does not necessarily lead to destruction of the element, since the reinforcing bars themselves are relatively flexible. By the measure according to the invention, according to which the passage openings have a predefined adapted shape and / or size, the prefabricated element element is optimally suited for the various functions in the near field and underwater use: both for securing a dam by the dam material before a high water flushing for Example, is held securely in place, as well as to prevent the erosion of coasts by sand grains and sediments can be flushed through the openings with the flow, but larger rock is prevented from being washed away from the coast. At the non-perforated areas of the base plate of the prefabricated element element according to the invention, deposits such as purged sand and sediments can collect, so that it is not only suitable for effective erosion prevention and coastal protection, but also for sanding and for the formation of new Dams, coasts and the like.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the prefabricated element element is provided with a reinforcement made of a fiber-reinforced plastic, and the base plate is formed in particular from a cast concrete material. The bars of the reinforcement made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material, which may be a glass fiber reinforced plastic, for example, can be easily used in the manufacture of the prefabricated part in the concrete form and cast around concrete material. The use of, for example, glass fiber reinforced plastic has the advantage that it has a relatively high modulus of elasticity compared to metal materials. The reinforcing bars need not be completely embedded in the concrete material, as they are not susceptible to corrosion in the water or salt water, even if they protrude or intersect the passage openings of the base plate. A long-term durability of prefabricated elements according to the invention is thus ensured.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the passage openings of the prefabricated element element are closed with rod or lattice-shaped retaining elements, which have a predefined Durchlassrasterung. Depending on the field of application, the permeability for, for example, rock and boulders at the openings can thus be varied. The passage openings themselves may be formed relatively large in order to form as little resistance in the water, since according to the invention with rods or a lattice-shaped element and a larger opening can be closed to a desired passage size and a specific passage grid. The use of bars or a lattice-shaped element also has the advantage that overall the weight of the prefabricated element element is relatively low, so that the transport to more remote installation sites can be realized at a manageable cost.

According to a further advantageous alternative embodiment of the invention, the passage openings of the base plate are provided with a network which has a predefined mesh size. Hereby, for example, the retention of larger stones can be ensured, whereas water and smaller stones or grains of sand can pass through the passage openings. As a network, any known mesh material made of plastic, metal or natural materials is suitable. The net can be fixed in the passage opening, for example by being cast in the material of the base plate. Alternatively, however, the net may be fastened to the outside of the baseplate, or may simply be incorporated when mounting the element at its point of use, for example by simply laying it on.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the passage openings of the prefabricated element element are arranged distributed uniformly over substantially the entire surface of the base plate. The uniform arrangement on the surface of the base plate has the advantage that over the entire element a good water permeability is ensured. The reinforcement of corrosion resistant material constructed of rods or grids may be provided in both the transverse and longitudinal directions in the intermediate regions between the ports, which in turn provides the rigidity of the element and strength and robustness to prevent damage in use.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an anchoring or support is provided on the prefabricated element element, with which it can be secured at its installation location or, for example, can be coupled with other elements. The anchoring may protrude from an edge of the base plate or from a side surface and be realized for example in the form of a retaining ring, a retaining tab, a tether or the like. For example, if The four corners and in the middle of the plate-shaped prefabricated element element each have a holder, the element can also be well transported and transported, for example by a crane with corresponding ropes with snap-in pawls.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rods of corrosion-resistant material, which form the reinforcement of the element protrude at least on one side of the base plate in order to form an anchoring and holding means of the element at its installation point, for example, in the water itself. The bars then perform a dual function, in addition to the preparation of the rigidity and robustness of the element a way of secure anchoring, for example, in adjacent soil or in the ground with horizontal placement of the element, for example on the seabed. Since the bars of the reinforcement consist of a corrosion-resistant material, there is no risk of premature damage and thus destruction of the element. In addition, this feature has the advantage that in the production, for example, when casting the body, the reinforcement can be fixed well on the side of the mold, so that the reinforcing bars are as closely as possible in the middle of the thickness of the base plate. Therefore, no additional fixation means are required for the manufacture of the precast concrete element cast from concrete.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an anchor or holder is provided, which is mounted movable relative to the base plate. Such a movable anchorage, which may be realized for example in the form of a rod-shaped element or in the form of a wire rope, has the advantage that no rigid, protruding elements are present and that the prefabricated element element can adapt well to the respective conditions at its installation site - also with changes of the underground. According to a related further aspect of the invention, the prefabricated element element has a rod-shaped element as a holder, which protrudes perpendicularly from a side surface and is optionally connected via safety ropes at its free end to the side edges of the base body. In this way, a kind of triangular or even pyramid-shaped element is formed, which can be mounted both as a stationary element on a slope with support on the rod-shaped element and flat on a bank embankment, in the latter case, the rod-shaped element and the wire ropes in buried in the soil of the dike or shore. The application possibilities and the secure fixation of the Relatively simple constructed protective element according to the invention are thus greatly increased.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a net-like mat is provided for anchoring the element in the ground. The mat may be at least partially embedded in the material of the base plate and thereby embedded. The net-like mat is either on a side surface or an edge of the base plate and can be fixed, for example in the adjacent soil or under stones and thus serve a secure fixation in its installed position.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the size and / or the number of passage openings vary over the height of the base plate of the element. With this measure, areas of different permeability can be formed on one and the same element both for the passage of water and the passage or retention of stones, boulders and the like. This has the particular advantage that, in an erosion prevention application, the prefabricated component element standing vertically at the bottom of the water body can have larger passage openings in the lower area and smaller passage openings in the upper area in order to be able to trap the lighter, smaller sediment components in the upper area as well in the lower area only substantially larger boulders can be captured to protect and secure the coast.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, ropes are provided on the base plate of the finished component element, which are embedded in the material or attached to the plate. The ropes have the advantage that a movable and flexible attachment of the elements is possible at their installation point. Also, a coupling of multiple prefabricated elements is easily feasible with this measure without the need for other rigid components, such as supports or carriers. The ropes can be made of any material and be realized for example as hemp ropes or plastic ropes.

The invention also relates to a module for erosion prevention in coastal areas of waters, with which a land reclamation and landing is made possible. The erosion prevention module according to the invention has a sediment collecting space and at least two plate-shaped elements, wherein it is characterized in that the plate-shaped elements have passage openings and prefabricated elements according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein additionally coupling means for connecting the two prefabricated elements are provided. As coupling elements tensioned cables, cross-shaped or differently arranged rods or beams can be used between the two mutually coupled bodies. The coupling of two identical plate-shaped prefabricated elements has the advantage that a standing, box-like module is provided by simple means, which is relatively well permeable to water, but forms a support for rocks, boulders and sediments, as desired that the coasts can be protected from excessive erosion. In the sediment collection room, stones can be filled in at the first installation of the module in order to secure the module in place. The coupled according to the invention to an erosion prevention module plate-shaped prefabricated elements can be constructed the same. Alternatively, however, they can also be constructed differently and be provided, for example, with larger passage openings and one with smaller passage openings or passage latches in the form of a grid, a net or the like. The variations are large and allow an optimal adaptation of the module to local conditions, such as size of stones, strength of the flow and the like.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the passage openings of the plate-shaped prefabricated component elements have substantially rectangular passage openings. The rectangular or square shape has the advantage that quite large passages can be formed in the likewise rectangular or square base plate, which can be reduced to a desired passage grid size if necessary with appropriate measures, such as with a network, a grid or with bars. In one aspect of the invention, the area of the ports is approximately more than 60% of the total surface area of the base plate. Thus, a very low resistance to water is generated by the element - which means a good stop as a dam element -, whereas an effective retention of rock, sand or sediment is made possible. In addition, this further reduces the total weight of the element and the erosion protection modules according to the invention thus formed, which is particularly advantageous for the transport and the costs of the material for the production. The module according to the invention also works well with other such modules be coupled, for example, by stacked modules or by a series arrangement of several modules.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Küstenschutz-Fertigbauteil-Elements mit zwölf Durchlassöffnungen;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Detailansicht mit Aufriss eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Küstenschutz-Fertigbauteil- Elements mit zwei horizontalen und drei vertikalen Stäben zwischen den Durchlassöffnungen als Bewehrung;

Fig. 3

eine schematische teilweise Ansicht mit Aufriss eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Küstenschutz-Fertigbauteil- Elements mit vertikal verlaufenden Stäben im Bereich der Durchlassöffnungen;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Ansicht eines ersten Anwendungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Fertigbauteil-Elemente zur Dammsicherung in zwei weiteren Ausführungsformen mit jeweils neun Durchlassöffnungen;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Fertigbauteil-Elements mit stabförmiger Verankerung im Anwendungsbeispiel als eine Dammsicherung;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels des Fertigbauteil- Elements mit stabförmiger Verankerung in einem Anwendungsfall als Erosionsschutz unter Wasser an einer abfallenden Küste; und

Fig. 7

eine schematische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Erosionsschutz-Moduls bestehend aus zwei miteinander gekoppelten Fertigbauteil-Elementen im Anwendungsfall unter Wasser vor einer Küste.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several possible embodiments are shown. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a first embodiment of a coastal protection prefabricated element element according to the invention with twelve passage openings;

Fig. 2

a detailed perspective view with elevation of a second embodiment of a coastal protection Fertigbauteil- element according to the invention with two horizontal and three vertical bars between the passage openings as a reinforcement;

Fig. 3

a schematic partial elevational view of a third embodiment of a coastal protection Fertigbauteil- element according to the invention with vertically extending bars in the region of the passage openings;

Fig. 4

a schematic view of a first application example of the prefabricated structural elements according to the invention for dam protection in two further embodiments, each with nine passage openings;

Fig. 5

a schematic view of another embodiment of a prefabricated element element according to the invention with rod-shaped anchoring in the application example as a dam protection;

Fig. 6

a schematic view of another embodiment of the Fertigbauteil- element with rod-shaped anchoring in an application as erosion protection under water on a sloping coast; and

Fig. 7

a schematic view of an embodiment of an erosion protection module according to the invention consisting of two coupled prefabricated elements in the case of application under water off a coast.

The Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a first Ausführunsbeispiel a prefabricated element element 10 according to the invention. The prefabricated element 10 consists of a plate-shaped base body 1, in which a plurality of passage openings 2 - in this example, twelve passage openings 2 - is provided. The relatively large passage openings 2 are closed in this embodiment with a network 9, which is embedded and fixed in the material of the base body 1. The base plate 1 consists in particular of a concrete material and is for stiffening and for increasing the strength provided with a reinforcement 4, which in this embodiment consists of vertically extending bars 5 which extend in the areas between the passage openings 2 (in the middle four, otherwise two bars 5 respectively). The reinforcement 4 may also have in addition to the recognizable at the bottom and at the top of the base plate 1 rods 5 still horizontally extending rods. However, this is not absolutely necessary, depending on the forces acting on the prefabricated element element 10 at the place of use. According to the invention, the reinforcement 4 is made of a corrosion-resistant material and preferably consists of a fiber-reinforced plastic. As a preferred material according to the invention, a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) for the reinforcement 4 and thus for the bars 5 of the reinforcement 4 is used, which is characterized by particularly good strength properties at a relatively high elasticity. The reinforcement 4 may be realized instead of individual bars 5 as a plastic grid, which is poured into the concrete. In this in the Fig. 1 shown first embodiment, the rods 5 protrude the reinforcement 4 respectively at the upper edge and the lower edge of the base plate 1 by a few centimeters. This has the advantage that in the production of prefabricated element, the reinforcing bars 5 can be fixed in position from the outside and no additional brackets for the reinforcement during manufacture are required. On the other hand, this has advantages for a transport of the element 10. Finally, the slightly projecting portions of the reinforcing bars 5 can also serve as a fixing means at the installation. For example, if the prefabricated element 10 is installed horizontally under water, the protruding portions of the bars 5 can be driven into the ground or seabed, thereby allowing in a very simple manner a secure fixation of the element 10 in place.

The finished component element 10 according to this embodiment is further equipped in its center with an anchorage 3, which is shown here in the form of a cast-in in the material of the base plate 1 mounting ring. However, the anchorage 3 can also have any other element which allows a mounting and anchoring of the base plate 1 at its installation location. At the four corners of the base plate 1 semicircular protruding hooks 3 are present, which on the one hand a transport, for example, a crane with traction cable, serve and on the other as well as the anchoring 3 can serve for a fixation in place. The hooks 3 can also serve to fasten a plurality of prefabricated component elements 10 arranged next to one another, for example, on a wall, for example over plastic ropes or clamp elements. In the in the Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment, a total of twelve relatively large and rectangular in shape (center) or square (top and bottom) passage openings 2 are provided, all of which are closed by a network 9, the mesh size is significantly smaller than the size of the passage openings 2 itself Passage openings 2 are permeable to water in this way, on a relatively large area.

The area of the passage openings 2 can preferably make up more than 60% of the total area of the base plate 1 according to the invention, thus allowing a high throughput and the base plate 1 remains in place, even if it is fixed for example on a steep embankment dam, which is exposed to a strong swell. The passage openings 2 are here all closed with a network 9, wherein in the two lower rows of the passage openings 2, a network 9 is provided with larger mesh than in the top row of the passage openings 2. By means of different networks, the retention of sand, rock or sediments can be controlled in a targeted manner, for example by passing larger elements in the lower area, while in the upper area, even smaller stones and the like can be effectively retained by the prefabricated element. As a result of the variation of the grid or mesh size of the net 9, the different passage areas can be defined in a targeted manner as required, using surprisingly simple means. The same can also be achieved according to the invention by a different size of the passage openings 2, such as the passage openings 2 which are larger in the middle row. For example, if the passage openings 2 are relatively small openings such as microholes, the permeability to water and water can be determined by their number per unit area Retention for rubble, rocks or sediments can be controlled as needed at different points of one and the same prefabricated element element. In the latter case, a net 9 is not absolutely necessary, since then the size of the passage openings themselves can form a retaining means for soil elements or seabed elements (sediments).

According to the invention, the bars 5 of the reinforcement 4 are in particular formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic, such as a glass fiber reinforced plastic. The rods are thus not susceptible to damage and corrosion, thereby ensuring a long-term hold of prefabricated element even under water. In addition, reinforcing rods 5 made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic have the advantage of that they have a relatively high modulus of elasticity, for example compared to steel and thus prevent damage to the usually made of concrete material base plate 1 even under heavy use and any bending of the base plate 1. The rods 5 are in particular realized as manufactured under the trademark ComBAR ^® by the company. Schöck GmbH, Baden-Baden plastic reinforcing rods. They have a special Oberflächenrippung, which ensures a good grip in the concrete material of the base plate 1. They may be of the order of 6 mm to 12 mm, preferably 8 mm in diameter, used as a rod material or as a finished grid material in the mold for making the base plate 1 prior to pouring the concrete. The above plastic reinforcing bars of glass fiber reinforced plastic are reinforcing bars made by a special pultrusion method so as to have longitudinally aligned reinforcing fibers completely embedded in a resin. The profiling of the surface ribbing of the rods 5 may be a helical profiling or a tooth-like, interrupted Oberflächenrippung.

The Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective partial view of another embodiment of a prefabricated element element according to the invention at a crossing point between four passage openings 2. In this embodiment, three vertical bars 5 of the plastic reinforcement 4 and two adjacent, horizontally extending rods 5 are provided as a reinforcement, so that in vertical direction is given greater strength. The passage openings 2 are closed in this embodiment additionally with an (optional) network 9 of a predefined mesh size. The net 9 may be made of a plastic material or of a natural material and is preferably molded in this embodiment in the manufacture of the base plate 1 in the material with it. This ensures a long-term and secure fixation of the network in the relatively large passage openings 2.

The Fig. 3 shows in a similar fragmentary perspective view of another embodiment of a prefabricated element element 10 according to the invention for coastal protection or for dam protection. In this embodiment, the passage openings 2 are additionally closed with vertically extending rods 5 made of a plastic material, which are the same rods 5, as used for reinforcement 4 in the concrete material of the base plate 1. In the horizontal Sections of the base plate 1 between the passage openings are each cast two juxtaposed horizontal rods 5 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic material, so that the transverse strength of the prefabricated element 10 is ensured. In the areas of the passage openings 2, however, there are no transversely arranged bars 5, so that only vertical sections in the form of a kind of retaining fence are present in the passage openings 2. The vertical portions of the bars 5 in the areas of the passage openings 2 are particularly well suited to prevent larger stones and chunks from passing through the openings 2. In the in the Fig. 3 illustrated example, the vertical bars 5 of the reinforcement 4 are positioned at a uniform distance from each other. However, it is also possible to provide 5 different areas with different retention behavior in the passage openings and over the width of the base plate 1 by varying the distances between the rods.

In addition to the rods 5 in the passage openings can be provided as a further optional means for closing the passage openings 2 a more closely meshed network (in the Fig. 3 not shown), which is for example placed on the ground during installation and thus lies outside without fixed fixation on the prefabricated element or between the soil and selbigem. This can also be fixed area or area additional retaining means for holding feinkömigerem soil, for example, on a steep dam with strong wave generation and temporary flood situation.

In the Fig. 4 Further exemplary embodiments of coastal protection pre-fabricated element elements 10 according to the invention in a use case for securing a bank embankment or a dam are shown in a perspective view. Here are on the side of the bank 15 for protection against flood or swell two Fertigbauteil elements 10, each with nine passage openings 2 adjacent to each other placed on the dam 14. The elements 10 serve here a stop and a backup of the dam, so that at high tide and heavy waves, the material and stones, which form the dam 14, are not washed away. Both precast elements 10 of these embodiments are cast from a concrete material and have inside their structure a reinforcement 4 in the form of rods 5 made of a plastic material. In the left element 10 after the Fig. 4 the bars 5 protrude slightly in the reinforcement on the lower side and, according to the invention, advantageously also serve for fixation at the bottom of the bank 15 or within the rock of the dam 14.

In the right hand example of a prefabricated element 10 after the Fig. 4 the reinforcing bars 5 are completely embedded in the interior of the concrete material and therefore not visible there. For additional (optional) fixation of the right element 10 to the dam 14, three net-like mats 6 are cast in the concrete material at the lower side, which are anchored in the construction of the dam 14 in the rock and the soil of the dam. As a result, the right prefabricated element 10 is after the Fig. 4 particularly well secured and is suitable for installation situations with a steep slope. In both examples, the prefabricated elements 10 after the Fig. 4 the uniformly distributed passage openings 2 of substantially a square shape are additionally closed by a net 9. The network 9 is poured in these embodiments directly in the concrete material of the base plate 1 with. The mesh material can also be placed outside, for example, between the dam 14 before laying the base plate 1 loosely without a fixed fixation with the base plate 1 would be required.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, not shown here, the passage openings 2 may be provided without a net material and then have, for example, a smaller diameter. The passage openings 2, as in this example after the Fig. 4 have an angular shape. However, they can also be round or oval. According to a related advantageous embodiment, the passage openings 2 are formed as so-called microholes. In order to obtain a better hold of material such as boulders, sediments and the like in one direction, the passage openings can also be tapered in a funnel shape, ie have a smaller circumference on one side than on the opposite other side. In the embodiment of the Fig. 4 are in the left prefabricated element element 10, the passage openings closed with a relatively close-meshed network 9, whereas in that of the right base plate 1, the screening and thus mesh size of the network 9 is about twice as large as in the left element 10th

In the FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 three further embodiments of inventive plate-shaped component elements 10 are shown with different applications in respective schematic side views. The Fig. 5 shows an inventive plate-shaped prefabricated element element 10 in the application as a backup of a bank embankment or a dam 14. In this embodiment, an anchorage 3 is provided on the back of the base plate 1, which protrudes approximately in the center is provided by the base plate 1. The anchorage 3 is shown as a ring element, on which a rod 7 is articulated movably, which protrudes approximately perpendicularly from the base plate 1 of the element 10 to the rear. In this embodiment, the rod 7 is secured by cables 8, which run from the free end of the rod-shaped element 7 to the edge regions of the base plate 1 and over to the latter Hooks 13 are attached. Thus, the prefabricated element element according to the invention presents itself as a substantially triangular or pyramid-like element in side view, which can be safely placed and fixed in various applications at the installation site, for example as a flat-lying element 10, as vertically standing on a sloping element (see . also Fig. 6 ) or as an obliquely rising from a shallow underwater installation site element 10th

In the embodiment of the Fig. 5 the base plate 1 is formed with a series of passage openings 2, which are closed here via a network embedded approximately in the center of the concrete material of the base plate 1. At the lower side edge of the base plate 1 protrudes a reticulated mat 6, which is secured by stones on the seabed under water, which provides an additional grip and a safeguard against a Wegspülen. The net-like mat 6 can be attached to the base plate 1 as a separate element. The net-like mat 6 can be cast in the concrete material during manufacture, which significantly facilitates the production. According to an alternative embodiment, the net-like mat 6 may be formed integrally with the net 9 for additional security, which serves for closing the relatively large passage openings 2 to a predetermined grid size (mesh size) and thus allows a back-up of even smaller rock material and scree. With this dam protection according to the embodiment of Fig. 5 ensures a secure and long-term hold of the dam even in case of heavy storms and strong waves long term. The secure retention of soil and the passage of impinging water are optimally optimized despite such conflicting objectives on such applications. The base plate 1 of the element 10 is a very robust planar body, but due to the passage openings 2, which have a relatively large area ratio of the entire base plate 1, for example of the order of greater than 60% of the total area, is very permeable to water , so that the inflowing water can not exert any relevant forces on the element 10, but simply flows through the passage openings 2 and can seep into the soil of the dam 14.

In the Fig. 6 is shown in a schematic side view of another embodiment of a coastal protection prefabricated element element 10 according to the invention, and here in an application example as erosion prevention device under water. The base plate 1 of the element 10 is, as in the previous embodiment, provided on the rear side with an anchorage 3 in the form of a ring embedded centrally in the concrete, which ring is rotatably connected to a rod-shaped element 7. The element 7 is in turn connected here via ropes 8 with the edges of the base plate 1, wherein the ropes serve here as a stabilization for the vertical placement of the base plate 1 at an oblique region of the seabed. The rod-shaped element 7 is partially buried in the ground, so that a secure hold of the element is ensured. Advantageously, the angle between the rod-shaped element 7 and the base plate 1 can be changed via the tension cables 8, so that it can be reacted to different slopes at the respective installation location under water, so that the erosion protection element 10 is set up in a vertical, upright position. As symbolized by the arrows, due to the swell and flow on the bank 15, an accumulation of sediment on the back of the element 10 can be advantageously achieved. The inflowing due to the swell water can flow over the base plate 1, can flow freely through the passage openings 2, and if on the back of the element sediments, sand or boulders are stirred up, these are advantageously between the subsurface (seabed) and the rear surface of the prefabricated element element 10 accumulated. To achieve this, relatively large-area passage openings 2 are provided in the base plate 1 in this embodiment, which are closed by a network 9 with a predefined mesh size. The predefined mesh size or screening of the closure of the passage openings 2 is matched to which scree or Sedimentkomgrößen be collected on the respective substrate. For example, the lower row of passage openings 2 can have a larger grid on the net 9 in order to retain only larger stones there, while the upper row of passage openings 2 can be realized with a net of small mesh size. Of course, both networks 9 in the passage openings 2 may be the same.

In the schematic side view of the Fig. 7 a further embodiment of a coastal protection element 10 according to the invention is shown. In this embodiment according to the Fig. 7 For example, two precast elements 10 are coupled together and fixed perpendicularly to the seabed of the bank 15 as an erosion avoidance module. The precast element 10 according to this embodiment thus forms a module for preventing erosion, wherein between the two base plates 1, a sediment collection room is formed, in which sediments, sand, rocks, scree, etc. can accumulate. The two base plates 1 according to this embodiment are connected to each other via cross-shaped mutually extending coupling rods, which are, however, rotatably mounted respectively on hooks 13 at the edges of the inside of the base plates 1. The erosion prevention module according to this embodiment is therefore not a rigid element, but can react flexibly to relative movements of the individual components to one another and is thus protected from damage. The base plates 1 of this erosion avoidance module after Fig. 7 are as well as in the previous embodiments provided in the interior with a reinforcement of plastic material, which is not prone to corrosion and thus ensures a long-term hold of the element even with an underwater use. In this embodiment protrude at the bottom of the base plates 1 respectively rods 5 of the reinforcement something, so that the module can be securely fixed in the seabed - alone due to its own weight and without the need for further fixatives or foundations. The rods 5 are simply rammed into the ground. The left prefabricated element 10 of this erosion prevention module according to Fig. 7 is provided with three rows of passage openings 2, which have no network 9 for reducing the Durchlaßrasterung. The right prefabricated element element 10 according to this embodiment is, as in the previous embodiments, provided with a cast into the material of the base plate 1 network 9, so that here a greater retention of sediment, rock and sand is guaranteed.

Claims (17)

Plate-shaped prefabricated element element (10) for use in underwater areas, in particular for the shore contactor, the dam protection or erosion prevention, with at least one base plate (1) which has a plurality of distributed over the surface of the base plate (1) through openings (2) with a reinforcement (4) for stiffening the base plate (1), characterized in that the reinforcement (4) consists of a plurality of in the material of the base plate (1) at least partially embedded rods (5) made of a plastic material and that the passage openings (2 ) are adapted in shape and / or size to be permeable to sand and sediments below a predefined size and to provide at least partial retention to the element (10) for rocks and sediments of a predefined size. Prefabricated element (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the reinforcement (4) is a fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular a glass fiber reinforced plastic, and that the base plate (1) consists of a cast concrete material. Prefabricated element element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the passage openings (2) are closed with rod or lattice-shaped retaining elements (6) having a predefined Durchlassrasterung. Prefabricated element (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the passage openings (2) are provided with a net (9) having a predefined mesh size. Prefabricated element (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the network (9) is at least partially embedded in the material of the base plate (1). Prefabricated element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (2) are arranged distributed substantially uniformly over substantially the entire surface of the base plate (1) and that the reinforcement (4) of corrosion-resistant bars (5) between the Passage openings (2) are arranged extending in both the transverse and longitudinal direction. Prefabricated element element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an anchoring (3) or holder is provided, which protrudes from a side surface or from an edge of the base plate (1) and which is adapted to the element (10). secure at its installation location and / or to couple with other elements. Prefabricated element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the corrosion-resistant bars (5) project at least on one side of the base plate (1) to form an anchoring and holding means of the element (10) at its installation point. Prefabricated element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring (3) or holder relative to the base plate (1) is movably mounted on the base plate (1). Prefabricated element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring (3) or holder has a rod-shaped element (7) which projects substantially perpendicularly from a side surface of the base element (1). Prefabricated element (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that tension cables (8) between the base plate (1) and the free end of the rod-shaped element (7) are provided. Prefabricated element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a net-like mat (6) is provided for anchoring in the ground, which is at least partially embedded in the material of the base plate (1) and on a side surface or an edge of Base plate protrudes. Prefabricated element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size and / or number of the passage openings (2) over the height of the base plate (1) varies. Prefabricated element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (2) are at least partially formed as microholes such that they are permeable without additional network for sand and sediments of a predetermined Mindestkomgröße. Prefabricated element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that laterally on the base plate (1) projecting ropes (9) in the material of the base plate (1) are embedded for attachment and / or coupling of the prefabricated element element ( 10) at an underwater installation site. Module for erosion prevention and emptying in coastal areas of waters with a sediment collecting space (11) and with at least two plate-shaped elements, which are provided with passage openings (2) for the passage of water (and sand or sediments), characterized in that the plate-shaped Elements of the module prefabricated element elements (10) according to one of claims 1 to 15 and that coupling means for connecting the two prefabricated elements (10) are provided. Module according to claim 16, characterized in that the two plate-shaped prefabricated component elements (10) as a coupling means cross-shaped extending rods (12) which are articulated movably on the base plates (1).

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