EP2299222B1 - Metallurgischer Ofen mit Gegengewicht - Google Patents

Metallurgischer Ofen mit Gegengewicht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2299222B1
EP2299222B1 EP20090170919 EP09170919A EP2299222B1 EP 2299222 B1 EP2299222 B1 EP 2299222B1 EP 20090170919 EP20090170919 EP 20090170919 EP 09170919 A EP09170919 A EP 09170919A EP 2299222 B1 EP2299222 B1 EP 2299222B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
counter weight
chamber
processing chamber
metallurgical
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP20090170919
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2299222A1 (de
Inventor
Shaolong Chen
Hannu Mansikkaviita
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Kumera Oy
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Kumera Oy
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Publication of EP2299222A1 publication Critical patent/EP2299222A1/de
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Publication of EP2299222B1 publication Critical patent/EP2299222B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/06—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable, oscillating or describing a composed movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2083—Arrangements for the melting of metals or the treatment of molten metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metallurgical furnace for melting and refining nonferrous metals. More particularly the invention is relating to a metallurgical furnace for melting and refining nonferrous metals having the following features:
  • furnaces for processing nonferrous metals are known from the state of the art.
  • drum type furnaces and tilting furnaces Common features for these furnaces are an outer jacket made of steel for example and a refractory lining provided on the inside of the outer steel jacket surrounding a processing chamber for metals to be melted, refined or processed in a corresponding way.
  • these furnaces are further provided with means for supplying gas to the processing chamber and a burner for firing said processing chamber.
  • These types of furnaces are usually further mounted to rotate about a horizontal axis of rotation. Depending on the type and purpose of the furnace they can be rotated a full circle, i.e. 360°, or only a part of a full circle.
  • Drum type furnaces are disclosed eg. in US Patent No. 4,245,821 and International Published Patent Application No. WO 91/15607 .
  • a tilting furnace is disclosed in US Patent No. 1,856,716 .
  • furnaces of other shapes have also been disclosed.
  • one furnace of this kind is disclosed in EP Patent No. 1634027 .
  • This publication shows a furnace provided with a processing chamber with an oval or elliptical cross-sectional area.
  • the furnaces having an interior of this shape are mainly employed for melting and refining metals.
  • An advantage of the furnaces of this particular shape is that the surface area of solid metals exposed to the burner flame can be considerably larger than in the furnaces with a circular cylindrical processing chamber.
  • GB 400956 discloses a furnace for melting metals, so that any gas refining function is not described in this document.
  • the melting chamber of the furnace of this document is cylindrical having a circular cross section and so the molten metal in the melting chamber is self balanced. Therefore GB 400956 does not recognize any unbalance created by the liquid metal in the melting chamber.
  • the furnace of GB 400956 is provided with a flue having an overhanging portion which is a stationary and constant overweight forming an unbalancing effect to the furnace. In order to balance this unbalancing effect a counterweight is placed in a fixed position in the furnace said counterweight being a fixed and solid piece.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a metallurgical furnace for melting and refining metals, skimming slag and casting molten metal, in which furnace the melting effectiveness is improved by a large surface area of solid metals exposed to the burner flame in the processing chamber and which furnace is balanced over the unbalance created by the solid and/or liquid metal inside the furnace when it is rotated to different angles.
  • the present invention is mainly characterized in that
  • the counter weight arranged inside the counter weight chamber or counter weight chambers is formed of a loose material filling said counter weight chamber(s) only partly and being movable so that it is able to move in said counter weight chamber(s) during rotation of the furnace.
  • the counter weight arranged inside the counter weight chamber or counter weight chambers is comprised of one or several solid pieces of material adjustably fixed in said counter weight chamber(s) so that said counter weight moves along with the counter weight chainber(s) during rotation of the furnace.
  • the material of the counter weight may consist of dense solids, preferably of steel and/or iron. If the counter weight is formed of a loose material it may be in the form of grains, balls or rods or a combination of at least two of them. If the counter weight is comprised of solid pieces of material fixed in said counter weight chamber(s) it may comprise rods, plates or blocks or a combination of at least two of them.
  • the partition wall forming a bottom for the processing chamber and joined with the shell and the end walls of the furnace may be a straight and planar plate or a curved plate being concave with respect to the longitudinal axis of the furnace as seen from the processing chamber.
  • At least one of the openings arranged in the furnace is a charging opening to receive the charge of metal, flux or equivalent in a solid or liquid form into the processing chamber.
  • Said charging opening(s) can also be used to skim slag and to discharge molten metal from the processing chamber when required.
  • the furnace may have at least one additional opening for skimming slag.
  • At least one of the openings arranged in the furnace is a tapping hole to cast the molten metal and at least one of the openings is an exhaust gas opening for discharging exhaust gases from the processing chamber.
  • the furnace is used for processing nonferrous metals with a complete operation cycle, including stages such as, if needed, metal melting, slag skimming, metal refining, and molten metal casting.
  • the rotary furnace is flexible to complete the functions by rotating the furnace to different angles needed at different stages. Normally uneven distribution of the solid or molten metal in the processing chamber creates unbalance of the furnace.
  • the counter torque against the unbalance is usually considerable high, requiring high mechanical drive power for rotation.
  • the solid or molten metal that are not symmetrically distributed cause unbalance and the direction of unbalance torque changes when the furnace is rotated from one side to other side respect to its neutral position.
  • the present invention uses a movable counter weight, which automatically finds suitable location to balance the furnace. So the counter weight automatically balances the torque created by the metals inside processing chamber, thus the drive power for rotating the furnace is minimised.
  • the present invention provides further an embodiment in which a fixed but adjustable counter weight is used to balance the furnace when it is rotated from its neutral position.
  • the furnace 10 comprises an outer shell 11 made of steel material, which shell 11 is at least partly cylindrical. As especially Fig. 2 is showing the outer shell 11 is at its both ends in the longitudinal direction closed by end walls 23a, 23b.
  • a partition wall 13 substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the furnace 10, i.e. the axis of rotation of the furnace 10 is provided inside the outer shell 11 of the furnace 10 dividing the interior of the furnace 10 into at least two separate chambers 14, 15.
  • the primary chamber 14 is a processing chamber in which metal and slag 21 are processed
  • the secondary chamber 15 is a counter weight chamber in which the counter weight 22, 32 is arranged.
  • the cross-sectional area of the processing chamber is preferably larger than that of the counter weight chamber.
  • the counter weight 22 inside the counter weight chamber 15 is movable and it fills the counter weight chamber 15 only partly so that it is able to move in the counter weight chamber 15 when the furnace 10 is turned or rotated.
  • the material of the counter weight 22 may be e.g. steel and/or iron in the form of grains, balls or rods or it may consist of a combination of grains, balls and rods.
  • a refractory lining 12 is arranged on the inside surfaces of the outer shell 11 and the end walls 23a, 23b of the furnace 10.
  • the refractory lining 12 may be made of refractory bricks or castable refractory.
  • the partition wall 13 forms a bottom for the processing chamber 14 of the furnace 10 and it may be a straight and planar plate or a curved plate joined with the shell 11 and the walls 23a, 23b of the furnace 10. If the partition wall 13 is a curved wall it is preferably concave with respect to the longitudinal axis A of the furnace 10 as seen from the processing chamber 14.
  • the furnace 10 is provided with at least one burner 16 opening into the processing chamber 14.
  • said burner 16 is arranged on the first end wall 23a of the furnace 10. Only one burner 16 for combustion of fuels with air or oxygen enriched air is shown in Fig. 2 but there may be two or more burners if necessary.
  • the burner 16 does not necessarily be located on the first end wall 23a of the furnace 10 but it can also be arranged on the shell 11.
  • the furnace 10 is further provided with means 17 for providing process media, such as gas, liquid or solid powder into the processing chamber 14. Nozzles are preferably used as said means 17 and there may be several nozzles arranged along the length of the processing chamber 14. However, at least one nozzle is necessary.
  • An exhaust gas opening 19 is arranged on the second end wall 23b of the processing chamber 14, through which opening 19 combustion exhaust gases and process exhaust gases can be removed from the processing chamber 14. Also the exhaust gas opening 19 can be located on the shell 11 instead of the second end wall 23b of the processing chamber 14.
  • the furnace 10 For charging the furnace 10 it is provided with at least one charging opening 18, through which the processing chamber 14 receives the charge that is in a state of solid and/or liquid.
  • the furnace 10 is rotated to a suitable angle at which the charge has access to the furnace 10 through the charging opening 18.
  • the charging opening 18 can also be used for skimming slag or for discharging molten metal if required.
  • the furnace, 10 can have one or several additional openings (not shown) for skimming slag.
  • At least one tapping hole 20 is provided to cast the molten metal.
  • the furnace 10 is constructed to be rotatable. It is therefore provided with means for rotation 24, 25 and a drive system (not shown) for rotating the furnace about its substantially horizontal axis of rotation A to a position necessary for its operations.
  • the angle of rotation depends on the stage of operation.
  • the means for rotation 24, 25 shown in the drawings comprise riding rings 25 or bands on the shell 11 of the furnace and rollers 24 on which the furnace 10 is resting. It is, however to be understood that the arrangement of the means for rotation as shown is exemplary only.
  • Fig. 1 the furnace 10 is shown at a melting position.
  • the charges in the processing chamber 14, i.e. metal and flux 21 to be melted are located evenly and symmetrically distributed with respect to the vertical centreline B of the furnace 10 in the processing chamber 14 on the bottom of it, i.e. on the refractory lining of the partition wall 13 between the two chambers 14, 15.
  • the counter weight 22 inside the counter weight chamber 15 is movable and it may be eg. granular or in the form of balls or rods or it may consist of a combination of grains, balls and rods.
  • the movable counter weight 15 is located substantially symmetrically with respect to the vertical centreline B on the bottom of the furnace.
  • Fig. 3 the furnace 10 is shown at a so called gas blowing position in which position gas, liquid or powder for refining is supplied through the nozzles 17 into the processing chamber 14 to chemically react with the impurities in the molten metal.
  • the furnace 10 has been rotated clockwise, so that the nozzles 17 are immersed under the surface of molten metal and so that the process media are supplied straight into the molten metal.
  • the furnace 10 is rotated to the gas blowing position more molten metal is located on that side of the furnace to which it is rotated (to the right in Fig. 3 ) than on the other side of the furnace (on the left side) with respect to the vertical centreline B of the furnace.
  • Fig. 4 the furnace 10 is shown at a molten metal casting position in which position molten metal is poured out of the processing chamber 14 through the tapping hole 20.
  • the furnace 10 has been rotated anticlockwise to reach this position so that more molten metal is located on that side of the furnace to which it is rotated (to the left in Fig. 4 ) than on the other side of the furnace (on the right side) with respect to the vertical centreline B of the furnace 10.
  • the counter weight 22 in the counter weight chamber 15 moves towards the corner T which results in an clockwise torque balancing the anticlockwise torque caused by the molten metal in the processing chamber 14.
  • the furnace 10 with a moveable counter weight 22 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is self-adjustable to overcome the unbalance.
  • the furnace 10 is rotated either continuously or step-by-step to adjust molten metal flow from the processing chamber 14 of the furnace 10.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the furnace 10 showing an alternative embodiment of the invention. Except the counter weight and the arrangement of the counter weight in the counter weight chamber 15 this alternative embodiment is substantially identical with the first embodiment already explained above. Same reference numerals for the same parts of the furnace 10 have been used in connection with both embodiments and only those parts of the embodiment according to Fig. 5 , which differ from the first embodiment of the furnace will be explained.
  • the counter weight 32 arranged in the counter weight chamber 15 is not movable but instead it is fixed in the counter weight chamber. Fixing means of the counter weight 32 are provided with reference numerals 33.
  • the counter weight 32 is comprised of one or several solid pieces of material fixed immovable in the counter weight chamber 15.
  • the counter weight 32 is adjustable so that the number of said pieces can be varied and adjusted when necessary. Because the counter weight 32 is immovably fixed in the counter weight chamber 15 it moves along with the counter weight chamber 15 during rotation of the furnace 10.
  • the material of the counter weight 32 consists of dense solids, preferably of steel and/or iron and preferably it comprises rods, plates or blocks or a combination of at least two of them.
  • the secondary chamber of the furnace may in both of the above-described embodiments be divided into two or more counter weight chambers when necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Metallurgischer Ofen zum Schmelzen und Affinieren von Nichteisenmetallen mit den folgenden Merkmalen:
    a) einer zumindest teilweise zylindrischen Außenhülle (11) aus Stahl, die das Innere des Ofens (10) umgibt und an dessen beiden Enden in der Längsrichtung mittels Endwänden (23a, 23b) geschlossen ist,
    b) einer feuerfesten Auskleidung (12), die in dem Ofen (10) bereitgestellt ist, um die inneren Oberflächen der äußeren Hülle (11) und die Endwände (23a, 23b) des Ofens (10) zu bedecken,
    c) einer Einrichtung (17) zum Bereitstellen eines Prozessmediums, wie z. B. Gas, Flüssigkeit oder festem Pulver, in das Innere des Ofens (10),
    d) mindestens einem Brenner (16), der in das Innere des Ofens (10) öffnet, zum Verbrennen von Brennstoffen mit Luft oder mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft in dem Inneren des Ofens (10),
    e) Öffnungen (18, 19, 20) zum Massentransfer von Materialien in fester und/oder flüssiger und/oder gasförmiger Form in und/oder aus dem Inneren des Ofens (10),
    f) wobei der Ofen (10) zur Rotation um eine in Längsrichtung horizontale Rotationsachse (A) montiert ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    g) das Innere des Ofens in mindestens zwei getrennte Kammern (14, 15), nämlich einer Primärkammer (14) und einer Sekundärkammer (15) mittels einer Trennwand (13) aufgeteilt ist, die parallel zu der Längsrotationsachse (A) des Ofens (10) ist,
    h) wodurch die Primärkammer (14) eine Prozesskammer ist, deren Boden von der Trennwand (13) ausgebildet ist, in welcher Prozesskammer das Verarbeiten von Metallen stattfindet und deren innere Oberfläche der Prozesskammer (14) mittels der feuerfesten Auskleidung (12) bedeckt ist, und
    i) wodurch die Sekundärkammer (15) aus mindestens einer Gegengewichtkammer besteht, in der ein Gegengewicht (22, 32) für den Ofen (10) angeordnet ist.
  2. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gegengewicht (22), das innerhalb der Gegengewichtskammer (15) oder Gegengewichtskammern angeordnet ist, von losem Material ausgebildet ist, das die Gegengewichtskammer(n) nur teilweise ausfüllt und bewegbar ist, so dass es in der Lage ist, sich in der/den Gegengewichtskammer/n (15) während einer Rotation des Ofens (10) zu bewegen.
  3. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gegengewicht (32), das innerhalb der Gegengewichtskammer (15) oder Gegengewichtskammern angeordnet ist, aus einem oder mehreren festen Stücken von Material aufgebaut ist, das einstellbar in der/den Gegengewichtskammer/n (15) befestigt ist, so dass sich das Gegengewicht (32) während einer Rotation des Ofens (10) entlang der Gegengewichtskammer(n) (15) bewegt.
  4. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des Gegengewichts (22, 32) aus dichten Feststoffen besteht.
  5. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material des Gegengewichts (22, 32) aus Stahl und/oder Eisen besteht.
  6. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gegengewicht (22) in der Form von Körnern, Bällen oder Stäben oder einer Kombination von zumindest zwei von diesen ist.
  7. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gegengewicht (32) Stäbe, Platten oder Blöcke oder eine Kombination von mindestens zwei von diesen aufweist.
  8. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennwand (13) mit der Hülle (11) und den Endwänden (23a, 23b) des Ofens (10) verbunden ist.
  9. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennwand (13) eine gerade und ebene Platte ist.
  10. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennwand (13) eine gebogene Platte ist, die von der Prozesskammer (14) betrachtet konkav bezüglich der Längsachse (A) des Ofens ist.
  11. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Öffnungen, die in dem Ofen (10) angeordnet sind, eine Ladeöffnung (18) ist, um die Ladung von Metall, Schmelze oder einem Äquivalent in einer festen oder flüssigen Form in die Prozesskammer (14) zu empfangen.
  12. Metallurgischer Ofen nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Ladeöffnung (18) ein Abscheideloch zum Abscheiden von Asche durch dieses hindurch und ein Ablassloch ist, um, falls erforderlich, geschmolzenes Metall von der Prozesskammer (14) abzulassen.
  13. Metallurgischer Ofen nachirgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Öffnungen in dem Ofen (10) ein Abscheideloch zum Abscheiden von Asche durch dieses hindurch von dem Ofen ist.
  14. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Öffnungen, die in dem Ofen (10) angeordnet sind, ein Abstechloch (20) ist, um das geschmolzene Metall zu gießen.
  15. Metallurgischer Ofen nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Öffnungen, die in dem Ofen (10) angeordnet sind, eine Abgasöffnung (19) zum Ablassen von Abgas von der Prozesskammer (14) ist.
EP20090170919 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Metallurgischer Ofen mit Gegengewicht Not-in-force EP2299222B1 (de)

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EP20090170919 EP2299222B1 (de) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Metallurgischer Ofen mit Gegengewicht

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20090170919 EP2299222B1 (de) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Metallurgischer Ofen mit Gegengewicht

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EP2299222A1 EP2299222A1 (de) 2011-03-23
EP2299222B1 true EP2299222B1 (de) 2014-03-19

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108267003B (zh) * 2016-12-30 2019-11-05 湖南鼎玖能源环境科技股份有限公司 物料量检测控制方法、物料量检测控制装置和回转炉

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1856716A (en) 1929-11-07 1932-05-03 Maschmeyer Hermann Elongated tilting hearth furnace
GB400956A (en) * 1932-04-29 1933-10-30 William Frederick Wiltshire Improvements in or relating to semi-rotary furnaces
DE2837160A1 (de) 1978-08-25 1980-03-06 Norddeutsche Affinerie Raffinationsofen fuer ne-metalle
SU851059A1 (ru) * 1979-10-24 1981-07-30 за вители Рекуператорный холодильник
GB9007319D0 (en) 1990-03-31 1990-05-30 Copermill Ltd Rotary melting furnace
DE10340087B4 (de) 2003-08-30 2006-11-02 Maerz-Gautschi Industrieofenanlagen Gmbh Industrieofen

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