EP2297845A2 - Method and device for optimizing space vector pulse width modulation - Google Patents

Method and device for optimizing space vector pulse width modulation

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Publication number
EP2297845A2
EP2297845A2 EP09772248A EP09772248A EP2297845A2 EP 2297845 A2 EP2297845 A2 EP 2297845A2 EP 09772248 A EP09772248 A EP 09772248A EP 09772248 A EP09772248 A EP 09772248A EP 2297845 A2 EP2297845 A2 EP 2297845A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse width
width modulation
switching
voltage
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09772248A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark Damson
Gunther Goetting
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2297845A2 publication Critical patent/EP2297845A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation in which a voltage is switched to a load by combining discrete switching states of a plurality of switches for driving the load, wherein the load is de-energized by two of the switching states and an apparatus for performing the method ,
  • the "Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation" (SVPWM) is often used, which on the one hand enables a relatively good drive rate and on the other hand is relatively easy to implement
  • the signals between the three half bridges are phase shifted by 120 °
  • the three half bridges contain six switches with 8 permissible discrete switching states which output periodic signals Six of the switching states are active, ie they carry a voltage Zero vectors denote and do not conduct voltage to the load.
  • the maximum drive level of the inverter which is controlled by the SVPMW method, is limited by a non-ideal hardware. So that the course of the switched voltage can follow the drive signal, is in real circuit breakers a minimum time interval t M ⁇ n between two switching operations of the same switch required, causing the maximum Aus confuseungsgrad A Max
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for optimizing the space vector pulse width modulation, in which the maximum Aus confusegrad is increased.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is that one of the two voltage-free switching switching states in the form of the zero pointer is eliminated. This has the advantage that a switch is not switched, which eliminates a switch-on and a switch-off. This increases the maximum modulation rate A Ma ⁇ Neu
  • the de-energized switching state is extended at the beginning and at the end of each PWM period by the time that the de-energized switching state (zero-phasor) would have needed in the middle of the PWM period.
  • the minimum distance between two switching operations of the same switch is determined by the switch-on and the subsequent switch-off or vice versa, which in turn is given by the real hardware used and their switching speeds, since the switching speed can not be set infinitesimally short.
  • a device for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation in which a voltage is switched to a load by discrete switching states of multiple switches are combined to drive the load, the load is de-energized by two of the switching states, with the help of the maximum Aus Kunststoffgrad be increased should, means are present which suppress at least one of the voltage-free switching switching states during a pulse width modulation period.
  • the times are calculated in accordance with the space vector pulse width modulation SVPMW and then either always or only when the previously achievable maximum modulation level of the zero pointers in the middle of a PWM period is omitted and its duration is added to the zero pointer at the beginning and at the end of the PWM period.
  • the maximum attainable Aus Kunststoffgrad increases.
  • the switching losses are reduced by one third.
  • the second case it is ensured that this behavior remains unchanged in the previously achievable taxation area.
  • Figure 1 3-phase inverter for controlling a
  • FIG. 2 Table with switching states of the switches used in the inverter according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows an induction machine 1, which is connected to a control unit 2, which regulates the torque m or the speed n of the induction machine 1.
  • the induction machine 1 is connected to a 3-phase inverter 3 as a power part, which three half-bridges T1, T4; T2, T5 and T3, T6. Each half bridge is with a strand of
  • Induction machine 1 connected.
  • the strand 1 of the induction machine 1 is connected to the half-bridge T1, T4 of the inverter 3.
  • Strand 2 of the induction machine 1 is located on the half-bridge T2, T4, while the strand 3 leads to the half-bridge T3, T6.
  • FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the drive signals for the three power semiconductors T1, T2 and T3 arranged in the bridge branches at the top.
  • the drive signals for the three lower power semiconductors T4, T5 and T6 result from the inversion of the signals shown.
  • T 0 , T k and T k + i are calculated by the method of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM method) by the control unit 2, wherein T 0 stands for the activation of a zero pointer.
  • the PWM period is shown in Figure 3, is set by the power semiconductor T1, a null pointer for the period of 2 * (T 0/4 ).
  • the power semiconductor T2 is + i 0/2 are activated for a period of Tk + T during which the power semiconductor T3 k for the time period T + T + T + k is actively switched 0/2 i.
  • a zero pointer for the period each of T 0/4 is switched.
  • the zero pointer now disappears in the middle of the PWM period. In one embodiment, this is only done when the desired Ausberichtgrad achievable with the previous method
  • Tax level exceeds.
  • the zero pointer is either either always or only extended if the previous maximum Aus Kunststoffgrades at the beginning and end of each PWM period.
  • a control of the power semiconductor T1 is dispensed with.
  • the time duration for the drive signal for the power semiconductor T2 is now T k + i, while the time duration for the power semiconductor T 3 in this embodiment is T k + i + T k .
  • the control with the null pointer at the beginning and end of the PWM period is respectively T 0/2 and is thus twice as big as in the example of Figure 3.
  • the maximum modulation depth A Ma Xnew increased according to Equation 2, since the power switch T1 was not addressed and eliminates an on and off sequence. The previously non-adjustable operating range is thereby halved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimizing space-vector pulse width modulation. A voltage (Uz) is connected to a load (1) by combining discrete switching states of a plurality of switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) to control the load (1), the load (1) being switched zero voltage by two of the switching states (0, 7). The method according to the invention is characterized in that least one of the zero voltage switching states (0, 7) is omitted during a pulse width modulation period, thereby increasing the maximum control degree.

Description

Titel title
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Optimierung einer RaumzeigerpulsweitenmodulationMethod and device for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Optimierung einer Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation, bei welchem eine Spannung an eine Last geschaltet wird, indem diskrete Schaltzustände von mehreren Schaltern zur Ansteuerung der Last kombiniert werden, wobei die Last durch zwei der Schaltzustände spannungsfrei geschaltet wird sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation in which a voltage is switched to a load by combining discrete switching states of a plurality of switches for driving the load, wherein the load is de-energized by two of the switching states and an apparatus for performing the method ,
Zum Betrieb von Drehfeldmaschinen wird häufig die „Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation" (Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation) SVPWM eingesetzt, die einerseits einen relativ guten Ansteuergrad ermöglicht und andererseits relativ einfach zu realisieren ist. Insbesondere werden dabei die Ansteuersignale für die drei Halbbrücken, die zum Betrieb einer Drehfeldmaschine notwendig sind, generiert. Die Signale zwischen den drei Halbbrücken sind um 120° phasenverschoben. Die drei Halbbrücken enthalten sechs Schalter mit 8 zulässigen diskreten Schaltzuständen, die periodische Signale ausgeben. Sechs der Schaltzustände sind aktiv, d.h. sie führen eine Spannung. Zwei Schaltzustände werden als Nullvektoren bezeichnet und leiten keine Spannung an die Last.For the operation of induction machines, the "Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation" (SVPWM) is often used, which on the one hand enables a relatively good drive rate and on the other hand is relatively easy to implement The signals between the three half bridges are phase shifted by 120 ° The three half bridges contain six switches with 8 permissible discrete switching states which output periodic signals Six of the switching states are active, ie they carry a voltage Zero vectors denote and do not conduct voltage to the load.
Der maximale Ansteuergrad des Wechselrichters, welcher durch das SVPMW - Verfahren angesteuert wird, wird durch eine nicht ideale Hardware begrenzt. Damit der Verlauf der geschalteten Spannung dem Ansteuersignal folgen kann, ist bei realen Leistungsschaltern ein minimaler zeitlicher Abstand tMιn zwischen zwei Schaltvorgängen des gleichen Schalters erforderlich, wodurch sich der maximale Aussteuerungsgrad AMax zuThe maximum drive level of the inverter, which is controlled by the SVPMW method, is limited by a non-ideal hardware. So that the course of the switched voltage can follow the drive signal, is in real circuit breakers a minimum time interval t M ιn between two switching operations of the same switch required, causing the maximum Aussteuerungsgrad A Max
Aiviax = (TpwM — 2 * .Min) / TpwM (1 )Aiviax = (TpwM - 2 * .Min) / TpwM (1)
verringert.reduced.
Ein Nullzeiger, der für eine sehr kurze Zeit anliegen soll, die kleiner als .Mm ist, kann nicht mehr eingestellt werden.A null pointer that should be present for a very short time, less than. Mm is, can not be set anymore.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Optimierung der Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation anzugeben, bei welchem der maximale Aussteuergrad erhöht wird.The invention has for its object to provide a method for optimizing the space vector pulse width modulation, in which the maximum Aussteuergrad is increased.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, dass einer der beiden spannungsfrei schaltenden Schaltzustände in Form des Nullzeigers entfällt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass ein Schalter nicht geschaltet wird, wodurch ein Einschalt- und ein Ausschaltvorgang entfallen. Damit erhöht sich der maximale Aussteuergrad AMaχNeuAn essential aspect of the invention is that one of the two voltage-free switching switching states in the form of the zero pointer is eliminated. This has the advantage that a switch is not switched, which eliminates a switch-on and a switch-off. This increases the maximum modulation rate A Ma χNeu
AMax Neu = (TpwM — tMm) / TpwM (2)AMax New = (TpwM-tMm) / TpwM (2)
Vorteilhafterweise entfällt der spannungsfrei schaltende Schaltzustand in der Mitte der PWM-Periode. Der spannungsfrei schaltende Schaltzustand wird am Beginn und am Ende jeder PWM-Periode entsprechend um die Zeit verlängert, welche der spannungsfrei schaltende Schaltzustand (Nullzeiger) in der Mitte der PWM-Periode benötigt hätte. Der minimale Abstand zwischen zwei Schaltvorgängen des gleichen Schalters wird von dem Einschaltvorgang und dem darauf folgenden Ausschaltvorgang oder umgekehrt bestimmt, was wiederum durch die verwendete reale Hardware und deren Schaltgeschwindigkeiten vorgegeben wird, da die Schaltgeschwindigkeit nicht infinitesimal kurz eingestellt werden kann.Advantageously, eliminates the voltage-free switching switching state in the middle of the PWM period. The de-energized switching state is extended at the beginning and at the end of each PWM period by the time that the de-energized switching state (zero-phasor) would have needed in the middle of the PWM period. The minimum distance between two switching operations of the same switch is determined by the switch-on and the subsequent switch-off or vice versa, which in turn is given by the real hardware used and their switching speeds, since the switching speed can not be set infinitesimally short.
Bei einer Vorrichtung zur Optimierung einer Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation, bei welchem eine Spannung an eine Last geschaltet wird, indem diskrete Schaltzustände von mehreren Schaltern zur Ansteuerung der Last kombiniert werden, wobei die Last durch zwei der Schaltzustände spannungsfrei geschaltet wird, mit deren Hilfe der maximale Aussteuergrad erhöht werden soll, sind Mittel vorhanden, die während einer Pulsweitenmodulationsperiode mindestens einen der spannungsfrei schaltenden Schaltzustände unterdrücken.In a device for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation in which a voltage is switched to a load by discrete switching states of multiple switches are combined to drive the load, the load is de-energized by two of the switching states, with the help of the maximum Aussteuergrad be increased should, means are present which suppress at least one of the voltage-free switching switching states during a pulse width modulation period.
Es werden zunächst die Zeiten gemäß der Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation SVPMW berechnet und dann entweder immer oder nur bei Überschreitung des bisher erzielbaren maximalen Aussteuergrades der Nullzeiger in der Mitte einer PWM-Periode weggelassen und dessen Zeitdauer dem Nullzeiger zu Beginn und am Ende der PWM-Periode hinzugefügt. In beiden Fallen erhöht sich der maximal erzielbare Aussteuergrad. Im ersten Fall werden die Schaltverluste um ein Drittel verringert. Dagegen ist im zweiten Fall sichergestellt, das dass Verhalten im bisher erzielbaren Aussteuerbereich unverändert bleibt.First, the times are calculated in accordance with the space vector pulse width modulation SVPMW and then either always or only when the previously achievable maximum modulation level of the zero pointers in the middle of a PWM period is omitted and its duration is added to the zero pointer at the beginning and at the end of the PWM period. In both cases, the maximum attainable Aussteuergrad increases. In the first case, the switching losses are reduced by one third. On the other hand, in the second case it is ensured that this behavior remains unchanged in the previously achievable taxation area.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung lässt zahlreiche Ausführungsbeispiele zu. Eines davon soll anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Figuren näher erläutert werden.The invention allows numerous embodiments. One of them will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures shown in the drawing.
Es zeigt: Figur 1 : 3-phasiger Wechselrichter zur Ansteuerung einerIt shows: Figure 1: 3-phase inverter for controlling a
DrehfeldmaschineInduction machine
Figur 2: Tabelle mit Schaltzuständen der im Wechselrichter nach Figur 1 verwendeten SchalterFIG. 2: Table with switching states of the switches used in the inverter according to FIG
Figur 3: Ansteuersignale für die Schalter T1 , T2, und T3 nach demFigure 3: control signals for the switches T1, T2, and T3 after the
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Figur 4: Ansteuersignale für die Schalter T1 , T2 und T3 nach einemFigure 4: control signals for the switches T1, T2 and T3 after a
Ausführungsbeispiel der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Figur 1 zeigt eine Drehfeldmaschine 1 , die mit einem Steuergerät 2 verbunden ist, welches das Drehmoment m oder die Drehzahl n der Drehfeldmaschine 1 regelt. Darüber hinaus ist die Drehfeldmaschine 1 mit einem 3-phasigen Wechselrichter 3 als Leistungsteil verbunden, welcher drei Halbbrücken T1 , T4; T2, T5 und T3, T6 aufweist. Jede Halbbrücke ist mit einem Strang derFIG. 1 shows an induction machine 1, which is connected to a control unit 2, which regulates the torque m or the speed n of the induction machine 1. In addition, the induction machine 1 is connected to a 3-phase inverter 3 as a power part, which three half-bridges T1, T4; T2, T5 and T3, T6. Each half bridge is with a strand of
Drehfeldmaschine 1 verbunden. So ist der Strang 1 der Drehfeldmaschine 1 mit der Halbbrücke T1 , T4 des Wechselrichters 3 verbunden. Strang 2 der Drehfeldmaschine 1 liegt auf der Halbbrücke T2, T4, während der Strang 3 auf die Halbbrücke T3, T6 führt.Induction machine 1 connected. Thus, the strand 1 of the induction machine 1 is connected to the half-bridge T1, T4 of the inverter 3. Strand 2 of the induction machine 1 is located on the half-bridge T2, T4, while the strand 3 leads to the half-bridge T3, T6.
Für die sechs als Leistungshalbleiter ausgebildeten Schalter T1 , T2, T3, T4, T5 und T6 gibt es acht zulässige Zustände, davon sind 6 aktive Zustände, was bedeutet, dass bei diesen Schaltzuständen eine Spannung an den einzelnen Strängen der Drehfeldmaschine 1 anliegt. Die genauen diskreten Schaltzustände und die jeweils an den Strängen 1 bis 3 anliegenden periodischen Spannungssignale sind der Tabelle der Figur 2 zu entnehmen. Die Spannungen an den Strängen 1 bis 3 sind um 120° phasenverschoben. In der Tabelle sind ebenfalls die „Space Vectoren" (Raumzeiger) angegeben, wie sie nach der „Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation" Anwendung finden. Neben den sechs aktiven Zuständen sind noch zwei Nullzustände 0 und 7 aufgezeigt, die als Nullvektoren bezeichnet werden und welche keine Spannung an die Stränge 1 bis 3 der Drehfeldmaschine 1 liefern.For the six switches T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 designed as power semiconductors, there are eight permissible states, of which 6 are active states, which means that a voltage is applied to the individual phases of the induction machine 1 in these switching states. The exact discrete switching states and the voltage applied to each of the strings 1 to 3 periodic voltage signals are shown in the table of Figure 2. The voltages on the strands 1 to 3 are phase-shifted by 120 °. The table also shows the "space vectors" as they are used after the "Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation". In addition to the six active states, two zero states 0 and 7 are shown, which are referred to as zero vectors and which supply no voltage to the strands 1 to 3 of the induction machine 1.
Um einen gewünschten Spannungszeiger einstellen zu können, wird nun während einer PWM-Periode für eine Zeit Tkein aktiver Zustand und für die Zeit Tk+i ein benachbarter aktiver Zustand eingestellt, so dass zwischen diesen beiden Zuständen nur ein Schalter eingeschaltet und ein Schalter ausgeschaltet werden muss. Für die übrige Zeit wird ein Nullvektor eingestellt. In Figur 3 sind beispielhaft die Ansteuersignale für die drei, sich in den Brückenzweigen oben angeordneten Leistungshalbleiter T1 , T2 und T3 dargestellt. Die Ansteuersignale für die drei unteren Leistungshalbleiter T4, T5 und T6 ergeben sich durch die Invertierung der dargestellten Signale.In order to be able to set a desired voltage vector, an active state is now set for a time T k during a PWM period and an adjacent active state for the time T k + i, so that only one switch is switched on and one switch is switched off between these two states must become. For the rest of the time, a zero vector is set. FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the drive signals for the three power semiconductors T1, T2 and T3 arranged in the bridge branches at the top. The drive signals for the three lower power semiconductors T4, T5 and T6 result from the inversion of the signals shown.
Häufig muss zwischen den Ansteuersignalen noch eine Verriegelungszeit eingehalten werden, die verhindern soll, dass während des Schaltvorganges aufgrund endlicher Schaltzeiten kurzzeitig zwei der als Leistungshalbleiter ausgebildeten Schalter leiten. Daher wird nach dem Ausschalten des oberen Leistungshalbleiters der untere Leistungshalbleiter erst um die Verriegelungszeit verzögert eingeschaltet und ebenso nach dem Ausschalten des unteren Halbleiters der obere verzögert eingeschaltet.Often, a locking time must still be maintained between the control signals, which should prevent that during the switching process due to finite switching times briefly two of the trained as power semiconductors switch. Therefore, after turning off the upper power semiconductor, the lower power semiconductor is turned on delayed by only the latch time, and also, after turning off the lower semiconductor, the upper delay is turned on.
Die Zeiten T0, Tk und Tk+i werden mit dem Verfahren der Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation (SVPWM-Verfahren) durch das Steuergerätes 2 berechnet, wobei T0 für die Ansteuerung eines Nullzeigers steht. Nach dem Stand der Technik, dessen PWM-Periode in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, wird durch den Leistungshalbleiter T1 ein Nullzeiger für die Zeitdauer von 2 * (T0/ 4) eingestellt. Der Leistungshalbleiter T2 wird für eine Zeitdauer von Tk+i + T0/ 2 angesteuert, während der Leistungshalbleiter T3 für die Zeitdauer Tk + Tk+i + T0/ 2 aktiv geschaltet wird. Zu Beginn und am Ende der PWM- Periode wird ein Nullzeiger für den Zeitraum jeweils von T0/ 4 geschaltet.The times T 0 , T k and T k + i are calculated by the method of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM method) by the control unit 2, wherein T 0 stands for the activation of a zero pointer. In the prior art, the PWM period is shown in Figure 3, is set by the power semiconductor T1, a null pointer for the period of 2 * (T 0/4 ). The power semiconductor T2 is + i 0/2 are activated for a period of Tk + T during which the power semiconductor T3 k for the time period T + T + T + k is actively switched 0/2 i. At the beginning and end of the PWM period, a zero pointer for the period each of T 0/4 is switched.
Bei einer PWM-Periodendauer von beispielsweise 100 μs und einem minimalen zeitlichen Abstand von 2 μs zwischen zwei Schaltvorgängen ergibt sich nach dem Stand der Technik somit ein maximaler Ansteuergrad von 96%, berechnet nach Gleichung 1.With a PWM period of, for example, 100 μs and a minimum time interval of 2 μs between two switching operations, the state of the art thus results in a maximum drive rate of 96%, calculated according to equation 1.
Wie aus Figur 4 entnehmbar ist, entfällt nun der Nullzeiger in der Mitte der PWM-Periode. In einer Ausgestaltung wird dies erst dann gemacht, wenn der gewünschte Aussteuergrad den mit dem bisherigen Verfahren erzielbarenAs can be seen from FIG. 4, the zero pointer now disappears in the middle of the PWM period. In one embodiment, this is only done when the desired Aussteuergrad achievable with the previous method
Aussteuergrad übersteigt. Dafür wird der Nullzeiger wahlweise entweder immer oder nur bei Überschreitung des bisherigen maximalen Aussteuergrades zu Beginn und Ende jeder PWM-Periode verlängert. Dies führt zu modifizierten Ansteuersignalen. So wird auf eine Ansteuerung des Leistungshalbleiters T1 verzichtet. Die Zeitdauer für das Ansteuersignal für den Leistungshalbleiter T2 beträgt nun Tk+i, während die Zeitdauer für den Leistungshalbleiter T3 bei dieser Ausführung Tk+i + Tk beträgt. Die Ansteuerung mit dem Nullzeiger zu Beginn und zum Ende der PWM-Periode beträgt jeweils T0/2 und ist somit doppelt so groß wie bei dem Beispiel nach Figur 3. Damit erhöht sich der maximale Aussteuergrad AMaxNeu gemäß Gleichung 2, da der Leistungsschalter T1 nicht angesteuert wurde und eine Ein- und Ausschaltsequenz entfällt. Der bisher nicht einstellbare Betriebsbereich wird dadurch halbiert.Tax level exceeds. For this, the zero pointer is either either always or only extended if the previous maximum Aussteuergrades at the beginning and end of each PWM period. This leads to modified drive signals. Thus, a control of the power semiconductor T1 is dispensed with. The time duration for the drive signal for the power semiconductor T2 is now T k + i, while the time duration for the power semiconductor T 3 in this embodiment is T k + i + T k . The control with the null pointer at the beginning and end of the PWM period is respectively T 0/2 and is thus twice as big as in the example of Figure 3. Thus, the maximum modulation depth A Ma Xnew increased according to Equation 2, since the power switch T1 was not addressed and eliminates an on and off sequence. The previously non-adjustable operating range is thereby halved.
So ergibt sich bei einer PWM-Periodendauer von 100 μs und einem minimalen zeitlichen Abstand von 2 μs zwischen zwei Schaltvorgängen ein maximalerThus, with a PWM period of 100 μs and a minimum time interval of 2 μs, a maximum occurs between two switching operations
Aussteuergrad AMaxNeu von 98%, d.h. der nicht einstellbare Bereich halbiert sich gegenüber dem Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik. Aussteuergrad A Ma xNeu of 98%, ie the non-adjustable range is halved compared to the method according to the prior art.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Optimierung einer Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation, bei welchem eine Spannung (Uz) an eine Last (1 ) geschaltet wird, indem diskrete Schaltzustände von mehreren Schaltern (T1 , T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) zur Ansteuerung der Last (1 ) kombiniert werden, wobei die Last (1 ) durch zwei der Schaltzustände (0, 7) spannungsfrei geschaltet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während einer Pulsweitenmodulationsperiode mindestens einer der spannungsfrei schaltenden Schaltzustände (0, 7) entfällt.1. A method for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation, in which a voltage (U z ) is connected to a load (1) by discrete switching states of a plurality of switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) for driving the load (1 ), wherein the load (1) by two of the switching states (0, 7) is de-energized, characterized in that during a pulse width modulation period at least one of the voltage-free switching switching states (0, 7) is omitted.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spannungsfrei schaltende Schaltzustand (0, 7) in der Mitte einer Pulsweitenmodulationsperiode entfällt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage-free switching switching state (0, 7) is omitted in the middle of a pulse width modulation period.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der spannungsfrei schaltende Schaltzustand (0, 7) an mindestens einem Ende der Pulsweitenmodulationsperiode verlängert wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the voltage-free switching switching state (0, 7) is extended at least one end of the pulse width modulation period.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein minimaler Abstand zwischen zwei Schaltvorgängen des gleichen Schalters (T 1 , T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) von dem Einschaltvorgang und dem darauf folgenden Ausschaltvorgang oder umgekehrt bestimmt wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a minimum distance between two switching operations of the same switch (T 1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) of the switch-on and the subsequent turn-off or vice versa is determined.
5. Vorrichtung zur Optimierung einer Raumzeigerpulsweitenmodulation, bei welchem eine Spannung (Uz) an eine Last (1 ) geschaltet wird, indem diskrete Schaltzustände von mehreren Schaltern (T1 , T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) zur Ansteuerung der Last (1 ) kombiniert werden, wobei die Last (1 ) durch zwei der Schaltzustände (0, 7) spannungsfrei geschaltet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (2) vorhanden sind, die während einer Pulsweitenmodulationsperiode mindestens einen der spannungsfrei schaltenden Schaltzustände (0, 7) unterdrücken. 5. A device for optimizing a space vector pulse width modulation, in which a voltage (Uz) is connected to a load (1) by discrete switching states of a plurality of switches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) for controlling the load (1). be combined, wherein the load (1) by two of the switching states (0, 7) is de-energized, characterized in that means (2) are present during a pulse width modulation period suppress at least one of the voltage-free switching switching states (0, 7).
EP09772248A 2008-07-03 2009-05-29 Method and device for optimizing space vector pulse width modulation Withdrawn EP2297845A2 (en)

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