EP2296915B1 - Three-dimensional print of a painting - Google Patents

Three-dimensional print of a painting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2296915B1
EP2296915B1 EP08867166A EP08867166A EP2296915B1 EP 2296915 B1 EP2296915 B1 EP 2296915B1 EP 08867166 A EP08867166 A EP 08867166A EP 08867166 A EP08867166 A EP 08867166A EP 2296915 B1 EP2296915 B1 EP 2296915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relief
film
base material
mold
image
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP08867166A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2296915A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Gaschka
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2296915A1 publication Critical patent/EP2296915A1/en
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Publication of EP2296915B1 publication Critical patent/EP2296915B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F11/00—Designs imitating artistic work
    • B44F11/02—Imitation of pictures, e.g. oil paintings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
    • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
    • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
    • B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method for the three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and / or Jardinoriginals using a smooth, provided with a pictorial representation of the relief and / or Jardinoriginals, in particular printed, thermoplastic film as a relief base material and a positive relief form, wherein the film is brought into a precisely fitting superimposition with the positive relief mold during a thermoplastic deformation step and thermoformed under the influence of heat.
  • the invention is directed to a three-dimensional reproduction product of a relief and / or Jardinoriginals.
  • Another method discloses the DE 285 187 5 A1 in which a plastic film provided with a screen on the back is placed on a relief-like surface of a stamping mold and then heated. The film is heated to flow temperature and there is a melting of the film in the recess of the relief mold. In this case, the film is deformed by its own weight and there is no further force exerted on them.
  • a melting of a film in depressions of a relief mold alone by their own weight is not practical in practice, since a plastic film builds up high internal stress in the course of heating, waves, et cetera. A deformation due to its extremely low weight can possibly take on an amorphous and inaccurate form.
  • an evolution descriptive EP 0011731 A1 discloses a method for reproducing oil paintings or similarly structured structures in which a thermoplastic color image film is placed on a relief-like die and on the back of a reinforcing sheet of canvas-like fabric is applied, which has a dielectrically heatable coating on the side facing the ink sheet. Then done by means of a planar pressure compensation plate after heating the image film, a welding of the reinforcing layer of the canvas-like fabric with the film and a deformation of the film according to the relief-like design of the die. In the method of the EP 0011731 A1 is thus exerted by means of a flat counter-plate pressure on the film, which presses the film in the relief mold.
  • a generic method is still from the DE 7243476 U in which a reproduction of a painting made by means of a printing process is adhered to a board and this board is subjected to the pressure of a heated die with a relief-like structure.
  • a second die which reproduces the relief of a canvas structure, act on the cardboard plate.
  • an embossing process is carried out in which a cardboard layer provided with a printed paper layer is pressed between two dies, wherein a die has a relief-like surface structure which reproduces the surface structure of the image to be reproduced.
  • a method for three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and / or Jardinoriginals is also from the EP 0 873 233 B1 known. There, an image is projected onto a screen and the relief structure is then applied to this projection side with a modeling compound or modeling paste. Alternatively, it is provided that the modeling or modeling paste is applied to a printed on the image side of a film with an image. In both cases, a positive relief is obtained after drying the modeling compound. This positive relief is now used as an impression mold and an impression mass is used to form a negative relief form. This negative relief shape is then with Holes provided so that a perforated negative relief shape is present. This relief mold is now fed to a vacuum thermoforming process. The faithful reproduction product to be produced is then further produced by placing a printed film with the image side on the negative relief mold and carrying out the vacuum deep-drawing process.
  • the preparation of the respective relief form is relatively expensive. There, an impression must first be taken of the relief and / or image original to be reproduced and then transferred via a multi-stage process into the relief mold, which as a rule consists of metal or synthetic resin. These relief forms then form on one or two sides the jaws of a tangible form of a heat treatment device or a vacuum deep drawing device in which then the thermoplastic deformation of a relief base material, usually a thermoplastic film, takes place. It is therefore always the relatively complex production of a mold or die necessary, always first a positive relief and then a negative relief or first a negative relief and then a positive relief form is created. However, if, for example, only individual reproductions of individual images or reliefs are to be produced, this is a costly process since at least one positive or negative embossing mold or matrix has to be produced for a single reproduction.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solution which is a contrast simplified method for
  • the relief form is created by applying the relief base material to the printed image original and then on the relief base material the relief structure is formed by applying a relief mold material.
  • the relief molding material is applied by means of a brush. Since the image printed on the relief base material or the thermoplastic film is visible through the relief base material, the brush guide corresponding to the "brush stroke" of the artist and the corresponding application of the relief molded material can take place without further ado.
  • the relief molding material can also be applied, for example, by means of a screen printing process in the form of a three-dimensional screen printing or a three-dimensional plot, but also by means of other printing and / or application methods.
  • the relief structure of the relief or image to be reproduced is applied to the relief base material by means of the relief molding material.
  • This relief form has been produced technically less expensive and inexpensive.
  • This relief mold can then be placed in a heat treatment apparatus and provided in the usual way with the relief base material forming printed thermoplastic film and subjected in the mold to the thermoplastic deformation process, thereby creating a consisting of the deformed film or this comprehensive three-dimensional reproduction product.
  • the three-dimensional reproduction of the image is then created color, texture and surface realistic.
  • the deformed film can be removed from the mold together with the positive relief mold and fed to further treatment or processing steps.
  • the embossed film may alternatively be removed from the positive relief form and the positive relief form may optionally be used for further reproductions.
  • the cost-effectively created relief form can also be discarded and made a new relief shape of another object or the same image.
  • the relief mold base material used to make the relief mold preferably has a net-like or close-meshed structure, smooth shapes can be used for the manufacturing process with vacuum or compressed air ducts leading to the molds in the heat treatment apparatus, each according to the invention Process created positive relief form is placed on a mold. No special air ducts need to be made, as the relief base material not only provides a view but also the passage of compressed air or the application of a vacuum. In particular, the positive relief mold can then be used without further measures in known vacuum thermoforming processes.
  • the formed in the form of a film relief base material is formed according to the invention translucent or transparent or transparent or translucent. This makes it possible to illuminate the film from the back side, ie from the side facing away from the image, and thus present the original clearly, in particular as far as the structure to be applied is concerned.
  • the invention therefore provides the further embodiment in that the film is arranged in step a) with its side facing away from the image on or via a substrate illuminated by the other side, in particular a light table.
  • a relief base material particularly suitable films are hot stamping and / or plastic films made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or polystyrene or PVC (polyvinyl chloride), in particular rigid PVC films.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the invention therefore provides for the advantageous embodiment, the use of such films.
  • a rigid PVC film with a VICAT softening point of 68 to 76 ° C as a relief base material, whereby the invention is also distinguished.
  • the VICAT softening point in oil is measured by Method B / 50.
  • the invention provides that the pictorial image is applied to the relief base material by means of a screen printing or offset printing process.
  • the pictorial representation in the form of an image or scan recorded at 45 ° transverse light is applied to the relief base material, in particular imprinted.
  • Solvent inks or solvent inks are particularly suitable for the printing process and the subsequent use in the thermal deformation process. Especially suitable is the use of a solvent ink with a flash point between 60 ° C and 70 ° C and a boiling point of ⁇ 115 ° C.
  • the relief molding material can be applied, is further provided in an embodiment of the invention, the when Reliefformbasismaterial a garmaschiges, preferably net-like structure, in particular of cotton or plastic, preferably polyamide is used.
  • a particularly suitable material tulle material that can be used in the form of Greessell, honeycomb or Filettüll.
  • the invention is further characterized in that the relief base material clamped to a frame or is arranged at a small distance above the image side of the film.
  • the relief molding material forming "modeling pastes” comprise a filler material and a binder, so that the invention is further characterized in that is used as a relief molding material, a filler and binder having modeling clay.
  • the modeling or modeling paste expediently on gypsum and fine sand particles and / or synthetic resin and fine sand particles and / or synthetic resin and aluminum particles.
  • Fermacell ® commercially.
  • the relief molding material is applied by hand, in particular by means of a brush, in order to simplify and quickly carry out the method, it is also possible to automate this application if necessary.
  • the invention further provides that taken after performing the thermoplastic deformation of the relief base material of the heat treatment device and on the back side facing away from the image Wells are filled with a backfill material. Due to the deformation of the back is naturally designed according to relief and can be leveled by the backfilling with more or less on the one hand, on the other hand but also made it more stable and stronger.
  • the relief base material and the positive relief mold are taken together from the heat treatment apparatus and the relief mold is filled with a filling material on its rear side facing away from the relief base material.
  • the invention further provides that on the back filled with backfill material back a canvas is laminated. Due to the use of the small-meshed and reticulated relief base material, in particular of tulle, the front of the image reproduction has a canvas-like structure, since this structure is transferred into the film during the thermal or thermoplastic deformation of the relief base material consisting of foil.
  • the produced in the manner according to the invention positive Relief form to use, so that a durable multi-use relief form.
  • the invention provides that the positive relief shape is converted by means of a three-dimensional laser scan and subsequent laser-controlled modeling in synthetic resin in a permanent positive relief embossing form.
  • the heat treatment apparatus for carrying out the thermal deformation conventionally comprises vacuum and / or compressed air stamping and / or forming machines, in particular for the vacuum deep drawing, as are commonly used in the thermoplastic deformation of plastic films.
  • the invention therefore further provides that the thermoplastic deformation is carried out in an open or closed mold with applied vacuum and / or applied compressed air.
  • Such devices suitable for carrying out this method consist for example of an upper and a lower mold, for example, the positive relief mold according to the invention placed on the lower mold, the relief base material or the printed film is placed on it and then the upper, optionally soft or smooth shape on the closed lower mold and thus a closed mold is formed.
  • the lower mold is heated to a temperature range between 140 and 180 ° C and the upper mold to a temperature of 60-80 ° C.
  • the two molds are then pressed together at a pressure of 100-250 kg / cm 2 , which can be done, for example, by pressing on at least the outside of one of the molds a length of about 80 cm, which preferably corresponds to the size of the mold is moved.
  • the molds are moved apart and optionally cooling the structure in the mold for about 20 seconds to about 1 minute.
  • a particularly suitable heat treatment method for performing the thermal deformation is vacuum forming by means of a vacuum thermoforming mold.
  • the positive relief mold is placed on the top of Vakuumtiefziehform, the film to be deformed, so the relief base material, placed on exact position and then short-term set the necessary temperature for softening the film with simultaneous formation of a vacuum on Vakuumtiefziehform.
  • the film deform s at lightning speed, so that after a certain cooling time, the vacuum is then turned off and the finished embossed film, ie the three-dimensional reproduction product, can be removed from the vacuum thermoforming mold.
  • compressed air can also be applied from the opposite side of the film, that is to say the printed or imaged film side.
  • the Vakuumtiefziehform used here is advantageously part of an open heat treatment apparatus, ie, a heat treatment device provided only with this a Vakuumtiefziehform.
  • the vacuum forming mold is then an open mold, since no counterpart is applied or pressed by the opposite side.
  • thermoplastic polymer film and its embossing or thermoplastic deformation on a positive relief form with a high-precision shape drawing finest relief structures such as brushstrokes or craquelees of an image on the film image side by embossing.
  • a high-precision shape drawing finest relief structures such as brushstrokes or craquelees of an image on the film image side by embossing.
  • the positive relief or relief structure first of all the smooth thermoplastic film, which has a print with a pictorial representation on one side, is placed on a light table with the side facing away from the image.
  • the film is a translucent film, so that from the light table out a light source, the plastic film from behind radiates through and the printed image can shine vividly and clearly. In this pictorial representation, all contours are clearly visible.
  • the pictorial representation is the print or imprint of an image taken with a 45 ° transverse light.
  • shades of the image and the individual brushstrokes of the original are very well displayed and recognizable.
  • a frame is laid with tulle or tulle fabric spanned therein as a relief base material.
  • the relative position of the relief base material to the relief base material (foil) is marked.
  • the appropriate modeling paste is applied as a relief molding material by brush stroke on the relief base material. Since the view of the underlying relief base material is ensured by the relief base material, the brush strokes shown there can now be accurately and faithfully reproduced on the relief base material with the relief molding material or the modeling paste or mass.
  • the relief structure of the relief and / or image material to be reproduced is modeled. Then this is with the Relief Vietnamese provided relief form base material as a positive relief mold in the heat treatment apparatus, which is in particular a Vakuumtiefzieh- and / or compressed air embossing device with at least one heatable or heatable molded part introduced.
  • the film or the relief base material is placed with the unprinted or image-facing side and it is carried out the thermoplastic deformation process.
  • the moldings are moved apart and the now relief-embossed or relief-shaped film is removed and filled from its back with a filler, so that a more or less flat level-parallel back surface is formed. On this back surface then a canvas is laminated. Thereafter, a faithful three-dimensional image is made according to the reproduced original.
  • a pictorial representation has preferably been applied with a solvent ink or a solvent ink. In the case of the thermoplastic deformation process carried out in the heat treatment device in the temperature range of about 100 ° C., this results in a particularly intense or at least subjectively intense color design.
  • the image surface may be treated with a varnish if a glossy or matt finish is desired.
  • a relief base material is particularly suitable a rigid PVC film, which is commercially available under the name Pentaprint, preferably as Pentaprint PRM 180/09.
  • the relief molding base material is preferably a cotton-based fine filler having a specific gravity of 80 g / m 2 .
  • the Mesh width is variable. It is important here alone that the relief base material does not consist of metal and is designed with respect to its mesh size so that the relief molding material or the modeling clay used in each case does not drip or penetrate but can dry and harden on the relief molding material.
  • the relief base material must not absorb moisture and then swell or fade during the thermoplastic deformation process under the action of heat. It must therefore be mechanically strong and heat resistant. It should behave almost like an acrylic or oil paint, which can also be used as a relief molding material in addition to the other materials mentioned above. After drying the modeling paste is then the positive relief form, which can be introduced into conventional thermoplastic vacuum or compressed air, pressing or embossing or thermoforming machines or devices or devices as described above, so that there takes place the thermoplastic deformation process.
  • a fine sand mixed with PVC binder is suitable for the backfilling of the relief base material or the relief base material.
  • Such blends are commercially available as PVC carpet adhesives.
  • the positive relief mold consisting of the relief base material, preferably in the form of a tulle fabric, and the relief mold material in the form of the modeling paste can be provided, for example, with a deep base or a Teflon coating and thus mechanically and thermally more stable and be made more resilient.
  • the modeling or modeling paste or the relief molding material can be applied automatically, for example by means of a screen printing process by way of a three-dimensional screen printing or a three-dimensional plot.
  • the relief-like surface of the original is recorded digitally and stored as a digital data record.
  • This digital data set is used to apply the relief molding material and by means of a suitable printing process or screen printing process, the relief molding material is applied to the relief base material, wherein the digital data set determines the respective amount of relief molding material and the position at which the relief molding material is applied.
  • a relief-like structure can be created by multiple application at defined locations.

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Abstract

In a method for the three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and/or an image original, using a smooth thermoplastic film that is provided with a graphical depiction of the relief and/or image original, particularly imprinted film, as the base material for the relief, and a positive relief mold, wherein the film is exactly superimposed with the positive relief mold and is thermoplastically deformed with heat during a thermoplastic deformation step, a solution is to be created that provides a simplified method for reproducing a relief and/or image original. This is achieved by carrying out the following steps: a) Providing the thermoplastic film, b) while marking the position of the relative position to each other, exact arrangement of a relief mold base material allowing a view of the film on or with slight distance over the image side of the film, c) applying the relief structure corresponding to the graphical depiction on the side of the relief mold base material facing away from the image side of the film by applying a relief mold material shaping and forming the positive relief mold, d) introducing the positive relief mold into a heat treatment device, e) corresponding to the position marking from step b), exact placement of the side facing away from the film on the structured upper side of the positive relief mold, and f) carrying out a thermoplastic deformation and/or embossing of the film.

Description

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Reproduktion eines Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals unter Verwendung einer glatten, mit einer bildlichen Darstellung des Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals versehenen, insbesondere bedruckten, thermoplastischen Folie als Reliefbasismaterial und einer positiven Reliefform, wobei die Folie während eines thermoplastischen Verformungsschrittes in passgenaue Übereinanderlage mit der positiven Reliefform gebracht und unter Wärmeeinfluss thermoplastisch verformt wird. Ebenso richtet sich die Erfindung auf ein dreidimensionales Reproduktionsprodukt eines Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals.The invention is directed to a method for the three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and / or Bildoriginals using a smooth, provided with a pictorial representation of the relief and / or Bildoriginals, in particular printed, thermoplastic film as a relief base material and a positive relief form, wherein the film is brought into a precisely fitting superimposition with the positive relief mold during a thermoplastic deformation step and thermoformed under the influence of heat. Likewise, the invention is directed to a three-dimensional reproduction product of a relief and / or Bildoriginals.

Es besteht vielfach Bedarf an möglichst kostengünstigen, aber andererseits auch möglichst originalgetreuen Wiedergaben und Reproduktionen von Kunstwerken wie Bildern oder Reliefs. Zwar ist es bekannt, derartige Bilder allein mit Hilfe fotografischer Prozesse zu reproduzieren, allerdings bleibt es bei diesen Prozessen bei einer zweidimensionalen Darstellung der jeweiligen Abbildung, so dass die beim Originalkunstwerk vorhandene Dreidimensionalität nicht wiedergegeben wird. Insbesondere Ölgemälde zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass die Oberfläche des Originalbildes reliefartig gestaltet ist und es Bereiche unterschiedlich starken Farbauftrages gibt. Auch ist durch den jeweiligen "Pinselstrich" des Künstlers eine besondere, dem jeweiligen Kunstwerk eigene Oberflächenstruktur vorhanden.There is often a need for the most cost-effective, but on the other hand as true to the original reproductions and reproductions of works of art such as pictures or reliefs. Although it is known to reproduce such images solely by means of photographic processes, in these processes a two-dimensional representation of the respective image remains, so that the three-dimensionality present in the original work of art is not reproduced. In particular, oil paintings are characterized by the fact that the surface of the original image is designed relief-like and there are areas of varying degrees of color application. Also, by the respective "brushstroke" of the artist a special, the respective artwork own surface structure available.

Es sind nun schon die verschiedensten Versuche unternommen worden, originalgetreue, dreidimensionale Abbildungen oder Reproduktionsprodukte von Kunstwerken zu schaffen.Various attempts have already been made to create true-to-life, three-dimensional illustrations or reproductive products of works of art.

So beschreibt die US 5,201,548 ein Pressverfahren, bei welchem eine bedruckte PVC-Folie zwischen zwei, jeweils ein Oberflächenrelief des wiederzugebenden Kunstwerkes aufweisenden Prägeformen verformt wird. Zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens ist es notwendig, eine positive und eine negative Reliefform auszubilden und in einer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung anzuordnen. Die Herstellung derartiger Formen ist relativ aufwendig und führt insbesondere dann, wenn ein Bild gegebenenfalls nur in einer einmaligen Einzelauflage reproduziert werden soll, zu unverhältnismäßig hohen Kosten.That's how it describes US 5,201,548 a pressing method in which a printed PVC film between two, each having a surface relief of the artwork to be reproduced embossing molds is deformed. To carry out this method, it is necessary to form a positive and a negative relief shape and to arrange in a heat treatment apparatus. The production of such forms is relatively complicated and leads in particular when an image is to be reproduced optionally only in a single single edition, disproportionately high costs.

Ein weiters Verfahren offenbart die DE 285 187 5 A1 , bei welchem eine mit einer Leinwand auf der Rückseite versehene Kunststofffolie auf eine reliefartige Oberfläche einer Prägeform aufgelegt und dann erwärmt wird. Die Folie wird auf Fließtemperatur erwärmt und es erfolgt ein Einschmelzen der Folie in die Vertiefung der Reliefform. Hierbei wird die Folie durch ihr Eigengewicht verformt und es wird keine weitere Kraft auf sie ausgeübt. Eine Einschmelzung einer Folie in Vertiefungen einer Reliefform allein durch ihr Eigengewicht ist in der Praxis nicht praktikabel, da eine Kunststofffolie im Laufe der Erwärmung hohe Eigenspannung aufbaut, Wellen wirft, et cetera. Eine Verformung durch ihr äußerst geringes Eigengewicht kann allenfalls eine amorphe und ungenaue Form annehmen.Another method discloses the DE 285 187 5 A1 in which a plastic film provided with a screen on the back is placed on a relief-like surface of a stamping mold and then heated. The film is heated to flow temperature and there is a melting of the film in the recess of the relief mold. In this case, the film is deformed by its own weight and there is no further force exerted on them. A melting of a film in depressions of a relief mold alone by their own weight is not practical in practice, since a plastic film builds up high internal stress in the course of heating, waves, et cetera. A deformation due to its extremely low weight can possibly take on an amorphous and inaccurate form.

Die gegenüber der DE 285 187 5 A1 eine Weiterentwicklung beschreibende EP 0011731 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Reproduktion von Ölgemälden oder ähnlich strukturierten Gebilden, bei welchem eine thermoplastische Farbbildfolie auf eine reliefartige Matrize gelegt wird und auf die Rückseite eine Verstärkungsfolie aus leinwandartigem Gewebe gelegt wird, die auf der der Farbfolie zugewandten Seite eine dielektrisch erwärmbare Beschichtung aufweist. Dann erfolgt mit Hilfe einer planen Druckausgleichsplatte nach Erwärmung der Bildfolie ein Verschweißen der Verstärkungsschicht des leinwandartigen Gewebes mit der Folie sowie eine Verformung der Folie entsprechend der reliefartigen Gestaltung der Matrize. In dem Verfahren nach der EP 0011731 A1 wird somit mittels einer planen Gegenplatte ein Druck auf die Folie ausgeübt, der die Folie in die Reliefform drückt.The opposite to the DE 285 187 5 A1 an evolution descriptive EP 0011731 A1 discloses a method for reproducing oil paintings or similarly structured structures in which a thermoplastic color image film is placed on a relief-like die and on the back of a reinforcing sheet of canvas-like fabric is applied, which has a dielectrically heatable coating on the side facing the ink sheet. Then done by means of a planar pressure compensation plate after heating the image film, a welding of the reinforcing layer of the canvas-like fabric with the film and a deformation of the film according to the relief-like design of the die. In the method of the EP 0011731 A1 is thus exerted by means of a flat counter-plate pressure on the film, which presses the film in the relief mold.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren ist weiterhin auch aus der DE 7243476 U bekannt, bei welchem eine mittels eines Druckverfahrens auf Papier hergestellte Reproduktion eines Gemäldes auf eine Kartonplatte aufgeklebt wird und diese Kartonplatte dem Druck einer beheizten Matrize mit reliefartiger Struktur ausgesetzt wird. Ergänzend kann von der Rückseite eine zweite Matrize, die das Relief einer Leinwandstruktur wiedergibt, auf die Kartonplatte einwirken. Hier wird also ein Prägepressverfahren durchgeführt, bei welchem eine mit einer bedruckten Papierschicht versehende Kartonplatte zwischen zwei Matrizen gepresst wird, wobei eine Matrize eine reliefartige Oberflächenstruktur aufweist, die die Oberflächenstruktur des zu reproduzierenden Bildes wiedergibt.A generic method is still from the DE 7243476 U in which a reproduction of a painting made by means of a printing process is adhered to a board and this board is subjected to the pressure of a heated die with a relief-like structure. In addition, from the back of a second die, which reproduces the relief of a canvas structure, act on the cardboard plate. Here, therefore, an embossing process is carried out in which a cardboard layer provided with a printed paper layer is pressed between two dies, wherein a die has a relief-like surface structure which reproduces the surface structure of the image to be reproduced.

Ein Verfahren zur dreidimensionalen Reproduktion eines Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals ist auch aus der EP 0 873 233 B1 bekannt. Dort wird auf eine Leinwand ein Bild projiziert und auf diese Projektionsseite dann mit einer Modelliermasse oder Modellierpaste die Reliefstruktur aufgetragen. Alternativ ist vorgesehen, dass auf eine mit einem Bild bedruckte Folie auf der Bildseite die Modelliermasse oder Modellierpaste aufgetragen wird. In beiden Fällen wird nach Trocknung der Modelliermasse ein positives Relief erhalten. Dieses positive Relief wird nun als Abdruckform genutzt und mithilfe einer Abdruckmasse wird daraus eine negative Reliefform gebildet. Diese negative Reliefform wird dann mit Löchern versehen, so dass eine perforierte negative Reliefform vorliegt. Diese Reliefform wird nun einem Vakuumtiefziehverfahren zugeführt. Das zu erstellende originalgetreue Reproduktionsprodukt wird dann weiter dadurch hergestellt, dass eine bedruckte Folie mit der Bildseite auf die negative Reliefform aufgelegt und das Vakuumtiefziehverfahren durchgeführt wird.A method for three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and / or Bildoriginals is also from the EP 0 873 233 B1 known. There, an image is projected onto a screen and the relief structure is then applied to this projection side with a modeling compound or modeling paste. Alternatively, it is provided that the modeling or modeling paste is applied to a printed on the image side of a film with an image. In both cases, a positive relief is obtained after drying the modeling compound. This positive relief is now used as an impression mold and an impression mass is used to form a negative relief form. This negative relief shape is then with Holes provided so that a perforated negative relief shape is present. This relief mold is now fed to a vacuum thermoforming process. The faithful reproduction product to be produced is then further produced by placing a printed film with the image side on the negative relief mold and carrying out the vacuum deep-drawing process.

Allen diesen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass die thermische Verformung in einer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung erfolgt, die zumindest eine positive oder negative Reliefform aufweist.All these methods have in common that the thermal deformation takes place in a heat treatment apparatus having at least one positive or negative relief shape.

Die Herstellung der jeweiligen Reliefform ist aber relativ aufwendig. Dort muss zunächst ein Abdruck von dem zu reproduzierenden Relief- und/oder Bildoriginal genommen und dann über ein mehrstufiges Verfahren in die in der Regel aus Metall oder Kunstharz bestehende Reliefform übertragen werden. Diese Reliefformen bilden dann einseitig oder zweiseitig die Backen einer zufahrbaren Form einer Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung oder einer Vakuumtiefziehvorrichtung in der dann die thermoplastische Verformung eines Reliefbasismaterials, in der Regel eine thermoplastische Kunststofffolie, erfolgt. Es ist also immer die relativ aufwendige Herstellung einer Prägeform oder Matrize notwendig, wobei immer zunächst ein positives Relief und dann eine negative Reliefform oder zunächst ein negatives Relief und dann eine positive Reliefform erstellt wird. Wenn nun aber beispielsweise lediglich Einzelreproduktionen einzelner Bilder oder Reliefs hergestellt werden sollen, ist dies ein kostenspieliger Prozess, da für eine einzige Reproduktion zumindest eine positive oder negative Prägeform oder Matrize hergestellt werden muss.The preparation of the respective relief form is relatively expensive. There, an impression must first be taken of the relief and / or image original to be reproduced and then transferred via a multi-stage process into the relief mold, which as a rule consists of metal or synthetic resin. These relief forms then form on one or two sides the jaws of a tangible form of a heat treatment device or a vacuum deep drawing device in which then the thermoplastic deformation of a relief base material, usually a thermoplastic film, takes place. It is therefore always the relatively complex production of a mold or die necessary, always first a positive relief and then a negative relief or first a negative relief and then a positive relief form is created. However, if, for example, only individual reproductions of individual images or reliefs are to be produced, this is a costly process since at least one positive or negative embossing mold or matrix has to be produced for a single reproduction.

Aus der US 3,060,611 ist ein weiteres Reproduktionsverfahren bekannt bei dem kein Abdruck des Originals hergestellt werden muss. Hier wird eine Bildvorlage mit Reliefformmaterial übermalt und so zur Form gearbeitet. Auf die fertige Reliefform wird dann das Reliefbasismaterial aufgelegt und thermisch verformt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein mit mehrmals beschichtetes Papierbild, von dem die Papierschicht entfernt wurde.From the US 3,060,611 Another reproduction method is known in which no impression of the original must be made. Here is a picture template with relief form material painted over and worked to form. The relief base material is then placed on the finished relief mold and thermally deformed. It is a multi-coated paper image from which the paper layer has been removed.

Das Verfahren der Erfindung unterscheidet sich von diesem durch folgende Merkmale:

  • die thermoplastische Folie dient als Vorlagebild;
  • passgenaue Anordnung des Reliefformbasismaterials auf dieser;
  • Auflage der Folie mit der Bildseite auf die Reliefform.
The method of the invention differs therefrom by the following features:
  • the thermoplastic film serves as a template image;
  • accurately fitting arrangement of the relief base material on this;
  • Edition of the foil with the image side on the relief form.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Lösung zu schaffen, die ein demgegenüber vereinfachtes Verfahren zurThe invention has for its object to provide a solution which is a contrast simplified method for

Reproduktion eines Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals bereitstellt.Reproduction of a relief and / or Bildoriginals provides.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.

Bei einem Verfahren der eingangsbezeichneten Art wird die Aufgabe dabei erfindungsgemäß insbesondere durch folgende Schritte gelöst:

  1. a) Vorlage der glatten thermoplastischen Folie,
  2. b) unter Positionsmarkierung ihrer Relativlage zueinander passgenaue Anordnung eines einen Durchblick auf die Folie ermöglichenden Reliefformbasismaterials auf oder mit geringem Abstand über der Bildseite der Folie,
  3. c) der bildlichen Darstellung entsprechendes Aufbringen der Reliefstruktur auf die der Bildseite der Folie abgewandete Seite des Reliefformbasismaterials durch Auftrag eines die positive Reliefform gestaltenden und ausbildenden Reliefformmaterials,
  4. d) Einbringen der positiven Reliefform in eine Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung,
  5. e) der Positionsmarkierung aus dem Schritt b) entsprechendes passgenaues Auflegen der bildabgewandten Seite der Folie auf die strukturierte Oberseite der positiven Reliefform und
  6. f) Durchführung einer thermoplastischen Verformung und/oder Prägung der Folie.
In a method of the type described above, the object is achieved according to the invention in particular by the following steps:
  1. a) presentation of the smooth thermoplastic film,
  2. b) arrangement of a relief shape base material enabling a view of the film which is precisely fitting with one another by position marking of its relative position, at or a small distance above the image side of the film,
  3. c) applying the relief structure corresponding to the pictorial representation to the side of the relief base material facing away from the image side of the film by application of a relief mold material which forms and forms the positive relief mold,
  4. d) introducing the positive relief mold into a heat treatment apparatus,
  5. e) the position marking from the step b) corresponding exact placement of the image side facing away from the film on the structured top of the positive relief shape and
  6. f) carrying out a thermoplastic deformation and / or embossing of the film.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es nun möglich, in kostengünstiger und technisch wenig aufwändiger Weise jeweils eine Reliefform in Einzelanfertigung anzufertigen. Hierbei wird die Reliefform dadurch erstellt, dass auf die gedruckte Bildvorlage das Reliefformbasismaterial aufgelegt und dann auf das Reliefformbasismaterial die Reliefstruktur durch Auftrag eines Reliefformmaterials ausgebildet wird. Dies kann in handwerklicher Tätigkeit beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, dass das Reliefformmaterial mit Hilfe eines Pinsels aufgebracht wird. Da durch das Reliefformbasismaterial hindurch das auf das Reliefbasismaterial beziehungsweise die thermoplastische Folie aufgedruckte Bild sichtbar ist, kann die dem "Pinselstrich" des Künstlers entsprechende Pinselführung und damit einhergehende entsprechende Aufbringung des Reliefformmaterials ohne Weiteres erfolgen. Das Reliefformmaterial kann aber auch beispielsweise mittels eines Siebdruckverfahrens im Wege eines dreidimensionalen Siebdrucks oder eines dreidimensionalen Plots, aber auch mittels anderer Druck- und/oder Auftragsverfahren aufgetragen werden. Es wird also die Reliefstruktur des zu reproduzierenden Reliefs oder Bildes mit Hilfe des Reliefformmaterials auf das Reliefformbasismaterial aufgebracht. Sobald oder nachdem das Reliefformmaterial getrocknet oder gehärtet ist, ist dadurch dann eine positive Reliefform geschaffen. Diese Reliefform ist technisch wenig aufwendig und kostengünstig hergestellt worden. Diese Reliefform kann danach in eine Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung eingebracht und in üblicher Weise mit der das Reliefbasismaterial bildenden bedruckten thermoplastischen Folie versehen und in der Form dem thermoplastischen Verformungsprozess unterworfen werden, so dass dadurch ein aus der verformten Folie bestehendes oder diese umfassendes dreidimensionales Reproduktionsprodukt erstellt wird.With the method according to the invention, it is now possible to produce in each case a relief mold in individual production in a cost-effective and technically less complicated manner. In this case, the relief form is created by applying the relief base material to the printed image original and then on the relief base material the relief structure is formed by applying a relief mold material. This can be done in manual work, for example, that the relief molding material is applied by means of a brush. Since the image printed on the relief base material or the thermoplastic film is visible through the relief base material, the brush guide corresponding to the "brush stroke" of the artist and the corresponding application of the relief molded material can take place without further ado. However, the relief molding material can also be applied, for example, by means of a screen printing process in the form of a three-dimensional screen printing or a three-dimensional plot, but also by means of other printing and / or application methods. Thus, the relief structure of the relief or image to be reproduced is applied to the relief base material by means of the relief molding material. As soon as or after the relief molding material has dried or hardened, this then creates a positive relief shape. This relief form has been produced technically less expensive and inexpensive. This relief mold can then be placed in a heat treatment apparatus and provided in the usual way with the relief base material forming printed thermoplastic film and subjected in the mold to the thermoplastic deformation process, thereby creating a consisting of the deformed film or this comprehensive three-dimensional reproduction product.

Nach Abschluss des thermoplastischen Verformungsschrittes oder Verfahrens ist die dreidimensionale Reproduktion des Bildes dann farb-, struktur- und oberflächenrealistisch erstellt. Die verformte Folie kann der Form zusammen mit der positiven Reliefform entnommen und weiteren Behandlungs- oder Bearbeitungsschritten zugeführt werden. In einer weiteren Verfahrensalternative kann die geprägte Folie aber auch von der positiven Reliefform entfernt und die positive Reliefform gegebenenfalls für weitere Reproduktionen verwendet werden. Die kostengünstig erstellte Reliefform kann aber auch verworfen und eine neue Reliefform eines weiteren Gegenstandes oder desselben Bildes angefertigt werden.After completion of the thermoplastic deformation step or process, the three-dimensional reproduction of the image is then created color, texture and surface realistic. The deformed film can be removed from the mold together with the positive relief mold and fed to further treatment or processing steps. In another Alternatively, the embossed film may alternatively be removed from the positive relief form and the positive relief form may optionally be used for further reproductions. The cost-effectively created relief form can also be discarded and made a new relief shape of another object or the same image.

Da wie nachstehend noch erläutert wird, das für die Erstellung der Reliefform verwendete Reliefformbasismaterial vorzugsweise eine netzartige oder engmaschige Struktur aufweist, können für das Herstellverfahren glatte Formen mit zu den Formen führenden Vakuum- oder Druckluftkanäle in den Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtungen verwendet werden, wobei die jeweils nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erstellte positive Reliefform auf eine Form aufgelegt wird. Es brauchen keine besonderen Luftkanäle angefertigt zu werden, da das Reliefformbasismaterial nicht nur einen Durchblick sondern auch die Durchleitung von Druckluft oder auch das Anlegen eines Vakuums ermöglicht. Insbesondere ist die positive Reliefform dann ohne weitere Maßnahmen in bekannten Vakuumtiefziehverfahren einsetzbar.As will be explained below, the relief mold base material used to make the relief mold preferably has a net-like or close-meshed structure, smooth shapes can be used for the manufacturing process with vacuum or compressed air ducts leading to the molds in the heat treatment apparatus, each according to the invention Process created positive relief form is placed on a mold. No special air ducts need to be made, as the relief base material not only provides a view but also the passage of compressed air or the application of a vacuum. In particular, the positive relief mold can then be used without further measures in known vacuum thermoforming processes.

Das in Form einer Folie ausgebildete Reliefbasismaterial ist gemäß Weiterbildung der Erfindung durchscheinend oder transparent oder durchsichtig oder transluzent ausgebildet. Damit wird es möglich, die Folie von der Rückseite her , d.h. von der bildabgewandten Seite her zu beleuchten und damit die Vorlage klar und deutlich, insbesondere was die aufzubringende Struktur angeht, zu präsentieren. Die Erfindung sieht daher die weitere Ausgestaltung vor, dass die Folie im Schritt a) mit ihrer bildabgewandten Seite auf oder über ein von der anderen Seite beleuchtetes Substrat, insbesondere einen Leuchttisch, angeordnet wird.The formed in the form of a film relief base material is formed according to the invention translucent or transparent or transparent or translucent. This makes it possible to illuminate the film from the back side, ie from the side facing away from the image, and thus present the original clearly, in particular as far as the structure to be applied is concerned. The invention therefore provides the further embodiment in that the film is arranged in step a) with its side facing away from the image on or via a substrate illuminated by the other side, in particular a light table.

Als Reliefbasismaterial besonders geeignete Folien sind Heißpräge- und/oder Kunststofffolien aus PET (Polyethylenterephthalat) oder Polystyrol oder PVC (Polyvinylchlorid), insbesondere Hart-PVC-Folien. Die Erfindung sieht daher zur vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung die Verwendung derartiger Folien vor. Ganz besonders zweckmäßig ist dabei die Verwendung einer Hart-PVC-Folie mit einem VICAT-Erweichungspunkt von 68 bis 76°C als Reliefbasismaterial, wodurch sich die Erfindung auch auszeichnet. Hierbei wird der VICAT-Erweichungspunkt in Öl gemessen nach dem Verfahren B/50.As a relief base material particularly suitable films are hot stamping and / or plastic films made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or polystyrene or PVC (polyvinyl chloride), in particular rigid PVC films. The invention therefore provides for the advantageous embodiment, the use of such films. Especially useful is the use of a rigid PVC film with a VICAT softening point of 68 to 76 ° C as a relief base material, whereby the invention is also distinguished. Here, the VICAT softening point in oil is measured by Method B / 50.

Für die Aufbringung der bildlichen Darstellung auf das Reliefbasismaterial sieht die Erfindung vor, dass die bildliche Darstellung mittels eines Siebdruck- oder Offsetdruckverfahrens auf das Reliefbasismaterial aufgebracht wird. Hierbei ist es zur Darstellung der Reliefstruktur von ganz besonderem Vorteil, wenn gemäß Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die bildliche Darstellung in Form eines unter 45° Querlicht aufgenommenen Bildes oder Scans auf das Reliefbasismaterial aufgebracht, insbesondere aufgedruckt wird. Für das Druckverfahren und die spätere Anwendung beim thermischen Verformungsprozess eignen sich insbesondere Lösungsmitteltinten oder Solventtinten, deren Verwendung die Erfindung weiterhin vorsieht. Ganz besonders gut geeignet ist die Verwendung einer Lösemitteltinte mit einem Flammpunkt zwischen 60°C und 70°C und einem Siedepunkt von ≥ 115°C.For applying the pictorial representation to the relief base material, the invention provides that the pictorial image is applied to the relief base material by means of a screen printing or offset printing process. In this case, it is particularly advantageous for the representation of the relief structure if, according to an embodiment of the invention, the pictorial representation in the form of an image or scan recorded at 45 ° transverse light is applied to the relief base material, in particular imprinted. Solvent inks or solvent inks, the use of which the invention further provides, are particularly suitable for the printing process and the subsequent use in the thermal deformation process. Especially suitable is the use of a solvent ink with a flash point between 60 ° C and 70 ° C and a boiling point of ≥ 115 ° C.

Als Reliefformbasismaterial, das einerseits einen ausreichenden Durchblick auf die darunter angeordnete bildliche Darstellung auf der Folie beziehungsweise auf dem Reliefbasismaterial erlaubt, und das andererseits ausreichend tragfähig und dichtmaschig genug ist, damit dort das Reliefformmaterial aufgebracht werden kann, ist in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weiterhin vorgesehen, das als Reliefformbasismaterial ein kleinmaschiges, vorzugsweise netzartiges, Gebilde insbesondere aus Baumwolle oder Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyamid, verwendet wird. Hierbei ist ein besonders geeignetes Material Tüllmaterial, das in Form von Feintüll, Wabentüll oder Filettüll verwendet werden kann.As a relief base material, which on the one hand allows a sufficient view of the arranged underneath image on the slide or on the relief base material, and on the other hand sufficiently stable and dense enough to be there, the relief molding material can be applied, is further provided in an embodiment of the invention, the when Reliefformbasismaterial a kleinmaschiges, preferably net-like structure, in particular of cotton or plastic, preferably polyamide is used. Here is a particularly suitable material tulle material that can be used in the form of Füllüll, honeycomb or Filettüll.

Um das Reliefformmaterial gut auf das Reliefformbasismaterial aufbringen zu können und dieses andererseits aber auch passgenau und lagegenau auf den jeweiligen Markierungspositionen entsprechend über dem als Folie ausgebildeten Reliefbasismaterial anordnen zu können, zeichnet sich die Erfindung weiterhin dadurch aus, dass das Reliefformbasismaterial auf einen Rahmen gespannt auf oder mit geringem Abstand über der Bildseite der Folie angeordnet wird.In order to be able to apply the relief molding material well on the relief base material and on the other hand also accurately and accurately positioned on the respective marking positions according to the sheet formed relief base material, the invention is further characterized in that the relief base material clamped to a frame or is arranged at a small distance above the image side of the film.

Besonders zweckmäßige, das Reliefformmaterial ausbildende "Modellierpasten" umfassen ein Füllkörpermaterial und ein Bindemittel, so dass die Erfindung weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass als Reliefformmaterial eine Füllkörper und Bindemittel aufweisende Modelliermasse verwendet wird. Hierbei weist die Modelliermasse oder Modellierpaste zweckmäßigerweise Gips und Feinsandpartikel und/oder Kunstharz und Feinsandpartikel und/oder Kunstharz und Aluminiumpartikel auf. Eine besonders geeignete Modelliermasse ist unter der Markenbezeichnung Fermacell® im Handel erhältlich.Particularly useful, the relief molding material forming "modeling pastes" comprise a filler material and a binder, so that the invention is further characterized in that is used as a relief molding material, a filler and binder having modeling clay. Here, the modeling or modeling paste expediently on gypsum and fine sand particles and / or synthetic resin and fine sand particles and / or synthetic resin and aluminum particles. A particularly suitable modeling is available under the brand name Fermacell ® commercially.

Auch wenn erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen ist, dass zur Vereinfachung und schnellen Durchführung des Verfahrens das Reliefformmaterial von Hand, insbesondere mittels Pinsel, aufgetragen wird, ist es auch möglich diese Auftragung gegebenenfalls zu automatisieren.Even if it is provided according to the invention that the relief molding material is applied by hand, in particular by means of a brush, in order to simplify and quickly carry out the method, it is also possible to automate this application if necessary.

Damit nach der die thermoplastische Verformung umfassenden Wärmebehandlung des Reliefbasismaterials dieses gut handhabbar und weiterverarbeitbar, beispielsweise mit Firnis zu bestreichen oder in einen Rahmen einbringbar ist, sieht die Erfindung weiterhin vor, dass nach Durchführung der thermoplastischen Verformung das Reliefbasismaterial der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung entnommen und auf der bildabgewandten Rückseite Vertiefungen mit einem Verfüllmaterial aufgefüllt werden. Aufgrund der Verformung ist die Rückseite naturgemäß entsprechend reliefartig gestaltet und kann durch die Verfüllung mit Verfüllmaterial zum einen mehr oder weniger nivelliert, zum anderen damit aber auch stabiler und fester gemacht werden.So that after the thermoplastic deformation comprehensive heat treatment of the relief base material this is easy to handle and weiterverarbeitbar, for example, to coat with varnish or introduced into a frame, the invention further provides that taken after performing the thermoplastic deformation of the relief base material of the heat treatment device and on the back side facing away from the image Wells are filled with a backfill material. Due to the deformation of the back is naturally designed according to relief and can be leveled by the backfilling with more or less on the one hand, on the other hand but also made it more stable and stronger.

Alternativ ist es hierbei erfindungsgemäß aber auch möglich, dass nach Durchführung der thermoplastischen Verformung das Reliefbasismaterial und die positive Reliefform zusammenliegend der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung entnommen und die Reliefform auf ihrer dem Reliefbasismaterial abgewandten Rückseite mit einem Verfüllmaterial aufgefüllt wird.Alternatively, according to the invention, however, it is also possible that after the thermoplastic deformation has been carried out, the relief base material and the positive relief mold are taken together from the heat treatment apparatus and the relief mold is filled with a filling material on its rear side facing away from the relief base material.

Um auch der Rückseite der dreidimensionalen Reproduktion des Relief- und/oder Bildoriginals eine leinwandartige Struktur geben zu können, sieht die Erfindung weiterhin vor, dass auf die mit Verfüllmaterial aufgefüllte jeweilige Rückseite eine Leinwand aufkaschiert wird. Die Vorderseite der Bildreproduktion weist aufgrund der Verwendung des kleinmaschigen und netzartigen Reliefformbasismaterials, insbesondere aus Tüll, eine leinwandartige Struktur auf, da sich bei der thermischen beziehungsweise thermoplastischen Verformung des aus Folie bestehenden Reliefbasismaterials diese Struktur in die Folie überträgt.In order to be able to give the back of the three-dimensional reproduction of the relief and / or Bildoriginals a canvas-like structure, the invention further provides that on the back filled with backfill material back a canvas is laminated. Due to the use of the small-meshed and reticulated relief base material, in particular of tulle, the front of the image reproduction has a canvas-like structure, since this structure is transferred into the film during the thermal or thermoplastic deformation of the relief base material consisting of foil.

Es ist in Weiterbildung der Erfindung auch möglich, die auf die erfindungsgemäße Art und Weise hergestellte positive Reliefform dazu zu verwenden, damit eine dauerhaft mehrfach nutzbare Reliefform herzustellen. Dazu sieht die Erfindung vor, dass die positive Reliefform mittels eines dreidimensionalen Laserscans und anschließender lasergesteuerter Modellierung in Kunstharz in eine dauerhafte positive Reliefprägeform überführt wird.It is also possible in a development of the invention, the produced in the manner according to the invention positive Relief form to use, so that a durable multi-use relief form. For this purpose, the invention provides that the positive relief shape is converted by means of a three-dimensional laser scan and subsequent laser-controlled modeling in synthetic resin in a permanent positive relief embossing form.

Die Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung der thermischen Verformung umfasst üblich Vakuum- und/oder Pressluft- Präge- und/oder Formmaschinen, insbesondere zum Vakuumtiefziehen, wie sie üblicherweise bei der thermoplastischen Verformung von Kunststofffolien verwendet werden. Die Erfindung sieht daher weiterhin vor, dass die thermoplastische Verformung in einer offenen oder geschlossenen Form mit angelegtem Vakuum und/oder aufgebrachter Druckluft durchgeführt wird.The heat treatment apparatus for carrying out the thermal deformation conventionally comprises vacuum and / or compressed air stamping and / or forming machines, in particular for the vacuum deep drawing, as are commonly used in the thermoplastic deformation of plastic films. The invention therefore further provides that the thermoplastic deformation is carried out in an open or closed mold with applied vacuum and / or applied compressed air.

Solche zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens geeigneten Vorrichtungen bestehen beispielsweise aus einer oberen und einer unteren Form, wobei beispielsweise die erfindungsgemäße positive Reliefform auf die untere Form aufgelegt, darauf das Reliefbasismaterial beziehungsweise die bedruckte Folie aufgelegt wird und dann die obere, gegebenenfalls weiche oder glatte Form auf die untere Form zugefahren und somit eine geschlossene Form gebildet wird. Bei diesem Verfahren wird beispielsweise die untere Form auf einen Temperaturbereich zwischen 140 und 180°C erwärmt und die obere Form auf eine Temperatur von 60-80°C. Die beiden Formen werden dann mit einem Druck von 100-250 kg/cm2 aufeinandergepresst, was beispielsweise dadurch geschehen kann, das an zumindest der Außenseite einer der Formen eine Pressrolle auf einer Länge von ca. 80 cm, was vorzugsweise dem Formenmaß entspricht, entlang bewegt wird. Nach dem thermoplastischen Umformvorgang von ca. 10-20 Sekunden werden die Formen auseinander gefahren und wird das in der Form befindliche Gebilde für ca. 20 Sekunden bis ca. 1 Minute gegebenenfalls gekühlt.Such devices suitable for carrying out this method consist for example of an upper and a lower mold, for example, the positive relief mold according to the invention placed on the lower mold, the relief base material or the printed film is placed on it and then the upper, optionally soft or smooth shape on the closed lower mold and thus a closed mold is formed. In this method, for example, the lower mold is heated to a temperature range between 140 and 180 ° C and the upper mold to a temperature of 60-80 ° C. The two molds are then pressed together at a pressure of 100-250 kg / cm 2 , which can be done, for example, by pressing on at least the outside of one of the molds a length of about 80 cm, which preferably corresponds to the size of the mold is moved. After the thermoplastic forming process of about 10-20 seconds, the molds are moved apart and optionally cooling the structure in the mold for about 20 seconds to about 1 minute.

Ein besonders geeignetes Wärmebehandlungsverfahren zur Durchführung der thermischen Verformung ist das Vakuumtiefziehverformen mithilfe einer Vakuumtiefziehform. Hierbei wird die positive Reliefform auf die Oberseite der Vakuumtiefziehform aufgelegt, die zu verformende Folie, also das Reliefbasismaterial, darauf positionsgenau aufgelegt und dann kurzfristig die zur Erweichung der Folie notwendige Temperatur unter gleichzeitiger Ausbildung eines Vakuums an der Vakuumtiefziehform eingestellt. Bei Erreichen der Erweichungstemperatur verformt sich die Folie blitzschnell, so dass anschließend nach einer gewissen Kühlungszeit das Vakuum abgestellt werden und die fertig geprägte Folie, also das dreidimensionale Reproduktionsprodukt, der Vakuumtiefziehform entnommen werden kann. Alternativ oder unterstützend kann anstelle oder zusätzlich zu dem Vakuum bei einem solchen Verfahren auch Druckluft von der entgegengesetzten, also der bedruckten bzw. mit dem Bild versehenen Folienseite, aufgebracht werden. Die hierbei benutzte Vakuumtiefziehform ist vorteilhafter Weise Bestandteil einer offenen Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung, d.h. einer lediglich mit dieser einen Vakuumtiefziehform versehenen Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung. Insofern handelt es sich bei der Vakuumtiefziehform dann um eine offene Form, da von der Gegenseite kein Gegenstück angelegt oder angepresst wird.A particularly suitable heat treatment method for performing the thermal deformation is vacuum forming by means of a vacuum thermoforming mold. In this case, the positive relief mold is placed on the top of Vakuumtiefziehform, the film to be deformed, so the relief base material, placed on exact position and then short-term set the necessary temperature for softening the film with simultaneous formation of a vacuum on Vakuumtiefziehform. When the softening temperature is reached, the film deforms at lightning speed, so that after a certain cooling time, the vacuum is then turned off and the finished embossed film, ie the three-dimensional reproduction product, can be removed from the vacuum thermoforming mold. As an alternative or support, instead of or in addition to the vacuum in such a method, compressed air can also be applied from the opposite side of the film, that is to say the printed or imaged film side. The Vakuumtiefziehform used here is advantageously part of an open heat treatment apparatus, ie, a heat treatment device provided only with this a Vakuumtiefziehform. In this respect, the vacuum forming mold is then an open mold, since no counterpart is applied or pressed by the opposite side.

Mit der Erfindung ist es durch die Verwendung der thermoplastischen Polymer-Folie und deren Prägung beziehungsweise thermoplastischen Verformung auf einer positiven Reliefform möglich, mit einer hochpräzisen Formzeichnung feinste Reliefstrukturen wie Pinselstriche oder Craquelees eines Bildes auf der Folienbildseite durch Prägung abzubilden. Hierbei wird zur Erstellung der positiven Reliefform oder Reliefstruktur zunächst die glatte thermoplastische Kunststofffolie, die eine Bedruckung mit einer bildlichen Darstellung auf einer Seite aufweist, mit der bildabgewandten Seite auf einen Leuchttisch aufgelegt. Bei der Folie handelt es sich um eine durchscheinende Folie, so dass aus dem Leuchttisch heraus eine Lichtquelle die Kunststofffolie von hinten durchstrahlt und das aufgedruckte Bild plastisch und klar und deutlich erstrahlen lässt. Bei dieser bildlichen Darstellung sind sämtliche Konturen gut erkennbar. Insbesondere ist die bildliche Darstellung der Ausdruck oder Aufdruck eines mit einem 45° Querlicht aufgenommenen Bildes. Hierdurch werden Schattierungen des Bildes und die einzelnen Pinselstriche des Originales sehr gut dargestellt und erkennbar. Über das Bild wird ein Rahmen mit darin aufgespanntem Tüll oder Tüllgewebe als Reliefformbasismaterial gelegt. Die Relativlage des Reliefformbasismaterials zum Reliefbasismaterial (Folie) wird markiert. Anschließend wird auf das Reliefformbasismaterial die geeignete Modellierpaste als Reliefformmaterial per Pinselstrich aufgebracht. Da durch das Reliefformbasismaterial hindurch der Blick auf das darunterliegende Reliefbasismaterial gewährleistet ist, können die dort dargestellten Pinselstriche nun auf dem Reliefformbasismaterial exakt und naturgetreu mit dem Reliefformmaterial beziehungsweise der Modellierpaste oder - masse nachvollzogen werden. Auf dem Reliefformbasismaterial wird also die Reliefstruktur des zu reproduzierenden Relief-und/oder Bildmaterials modelliert. Anschließend wird das mit der Reliefstruktur versehene Reliefformbasismaterial als positive Reliefform in die Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung, die insbesondere eine Vakuumtiefzieh- und/oder Druckluftprägevorrichtung mit zumindest einem erhitzbaren oder erwärmbaren Formteil ist, eingebracht. Auf die positive Reliefform wird die Folie beziehungsweise das Reliefbasismaterial mit der unbedruckten beziehungsweise bildabgewandten Seite aufgelegt und es wird der thermoplastische Verformungsvorgang durchgeführt.With the invention, it is possible by the use of the thermoplastic polymer film and its embossing or thermoplastic deformation on a positive relief form, with a high-precision shape drawing finest relief structures such as brushstrokes or craquelees of an image on the film image side by embossing. In this case, to produce the positive relief or relief structure, first of all the smooth thermoplastic film, which has a print with a pictorial representation on one side, is placed on a light table with the side facing away from the image. The film is a translucent film, so that from the light table out a light source, the plastic film from behind radiates through and the printed image can shine vividly and clearly. In this pictorial representation, all contours are clearly visible. In particular, the pictorial representation is the print or imprint of an image taken with a 45 ° transverse light. As a result, shades of the image and the individual brushstrokes of the original are very well displayed and recognizable. Over the picture, a frame is laid with tulle or tulle fabric spanned therein as a relief base material. The relative position of the relief base material to the relief base material (foil) is marked. Subsequently, the appropriate modeling paste is applied as a relief molding material by brush stroke on the relief base material. Since the view of the underlying relief base material is ensured by the relief base material, the brush strokes shown there can now be accurately and faithfully reproduced on the relief base material with the relief molding material or the modeling paste or mass. On the relief base material, therefore, the relief structure of the relief and / or image material to be reproduced is modeled. Then this is with the Reliefstruktur provided relief form base material as a positive relief mold in the heat treatment apparatus, which is in particular a Vakuumtiefzieh- and / or compressed air embossing device with at least one heatable or heatable molded part introduced. On the positive relief shape, the film or the relief base material is placed with the unprinted or image-facing side and it is carried out the thermoplastic deformation process.

Anschließend werden gegebenenfalls die Formteile auseinander gefahren und wird die nun reliefgeprägte oder reliefgeformte Folie entnommen und von ihrer Rückseite her mit einem Füllstoff verfüllt, so dass eine mehr oder weniger ebene niveaugleiche Rückseitenfläche gebildet wird. Auf diese Rückseitenfläche wird dann eine Leinwand aufkaschiert. Danach ist ein originalgetreues dreidimensionales Bild entsprechend der reproduzierten Vorlage hergestellt. Eine bildliche Darstellung ist vorzugsweise mit einer Solventtinte oder einer Lösemitteltinte aufgetragen worden. Hierdurch ergibt sich bei dem im Temperaturenbereich von ca. 100°C durchgeführten thermoplastischen Verformungsvorgang in der Wärmebehandlungsvorrichtung eine besonders intensive oder zumindest subjektiv als intensiv empfundene Farbgestaltung.Subsequently, if necessary, the moldings are moved apart and the now relief-embossed or relief-shaped film is removed and filled from its back with a filler, so that a more or less flat level-parallel back surface is formed. On this back surface then a canvas is laminated. Thereafter, a faithful three-dimensional image is made according to the reproduced original. A pictorial representation has preferably been applied with a solvent ink or a solvent ink. In the case of the thermoplastic deformation process carried out in the heat treatment device in the temperature range of about 100 ° C., this results in a particularly intense or at least subjectively intense color design.

Gewünschtenfalls kann die Bildoberfläche mit Firnis behandelt werden, wenn eine entweder glänzende oder matte Oberfläche gewünscht wird.If desired, the image surface may be treated with a varnish if a glossy or matt finish is desired.

Als Reliefbasismaterial eignet sich insbesondere eine Hart-PVC-Folie, die unter der Bezeichnung Pentaprint, vorzugsweise als Pentaprint PRM 180/09, im Handel erhältlich ist.As a relief base material is particularly suitable a rigid PVC film, which is commercially available under the name Pentaprint, preferably as Pentaprint PRM 180/09.

Das Reliefformbasismaterial ist vorzugsweise ein Feintüll auf Baumwollbasis mit einem spezifischen Gewicht von 80 g/m2. Die Maschenbreite ist dabei variabel. Wichtig ist hier allein, dass das Reliefformbasismaterial nicht aus Metall besteht und bezüglich seiner Maschenweite so ausgelegt ist, dass das jeweils verwendete Reliefformmaterial beziehungsweise die jeweils verwendete Modellierpaste nicht durchtropft oder durchdringt sondern auf dem Reliefformmaterial trocknen und aushärten kann. Das Reliefformbasismaterial darf weder Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen und dann quellen noch darf es während des thermoplastischen Verformungsprozesses unter Wärmeeinwirkung Schwund aufweisen. Es muss also mechanisch belastbar und hitzebeständig sein. Es sollte sich quasi wie eine Acryl- oder Ölfarbe verhalten, die neben den anderen oben stehend genannten Materialen ebenso auch als Reliefformmaterial Verwendung finden können. Nach Trocknung der Modellierpaste liegt dann die positive Reliefform vor, die in übliche thermoplastischen Vakuum- oder Druckluft-, Press- oder Präge- oder Tiefziehmaschinen oder -vorrichtungen oder -einrichtungen wie oben beschrieben eingebracht werden können, so dass dort dann der thermoplastische Verformungsprozess stattfindet.The relief molding base material is preferably a cotton-based fine filler having a specific gravity of 80 g / m 2 . The Mesh width is variable. It is important here alone that the relief base material does not consist of metal and is designed with respect to its mesh size so that the relief molding material or the modeling clay used in each case does not drip or penetrate but can dry and harden on the relief molding material. The relief base material must not absorb moisture and then swell or fade during the thermoplastic deformation process under the action of heat. It must therefore be mechanically strong and heat resistant. It should behave almost like an acrylic or oil paint, which can also be used as a relief molding material in addition to the other materials mentioned above. After drying the modeling paste is then the positive relief form, which can be introduced into conventional thermoplastic vacuum or compressed air, pressing or embossing or thermoforming machines or devices or devices as described above, so that there takes place the thermoplastic deformation process.

Für die Verfüllung der Rückseite des Reliefbasismaterials oder des Reliefformbasismaterials eignet sich beispielsweise ein mit PVC-Bindemittel vermischter Feinsand. Solche Mischungen sind im Handel als PVC-Teppichkleber erhältlich.For the backfilling of the relief base material or the relief base material, for example, a fine sand mixed with PVC binder is suitable. Such blends are commercially available as PVC carpet adhesives.

Um gegebenenfalls eine längerfristige Benutzung der erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Reliefformen gewährleisten zu können, kann die aus dem Reliefformbasismaterial, vorzugsweise in Form eines Tüllgewebes, und dem Reliefformmaterial in Form der Modellierpaste bestehende positive Reliefform beispielsweise mit einem Tiefengrund oder einer Teflonbeschichtung versehen und damit mechanisch und thermisch stabiler und belastbarer ausgestaltet werden.In order to be able to ensure a longer-term use of the relief molds according to the invention, the positive relief mold consisting of the relief base material, preferably in the form of a tulle fabric, and the relief mold material in the form of the modeling paste can be provided, for example, with a deep base or a Teflon coating and thus mechanically and thermally more stable and be made more resilient.

Die Modelliermasse oder Modellierpaste beziehungsweise das Reliefformmaterial kann automatisch beispielsweise mittels eines Siebdruckverfahrens im Wege eines dreidimensionalen Siebdruckes oder eines dreidimensionalen Plots aufgebracht wird. Dabei wird die reliefartige Oberfläche des Originals digital erfasst und als digitaler Datensatz abgespeichert. Dieser digitale Datensatz wird zur Aufbringung des Reliefformmaterials genutzt und mittels eines geeigneten Druckverfahrens oder Siebdruckverfahrens wird das Reliefformmaterial auf das Reliefformbasismaterial aufgebracht, wobei der digitale Datensatz die jeweilige Menge an Reliefformmaterial und die Position an denen das Reliefformmaterial aufgebracht wird, bestimmt. Hierbei kann eine reliefartige Struktur durch Mehrfachauftrag an definierten Stellen erzeugt werden.The modeling or modeling paste or the relief molding material can be applied automatically, for example by means of a screen printing process by way of a three-dimensional screen printing or a three-dimensional plot. The relief-like surface of the original is recorded digitally and stored as a digital data record. This digital data set is used to apply the relief molding material and by means of a suitable printing process or screen printing process, the relief molding material is applied to the relief base material, wherein the digital data set determines the respective amount of relief molding material and the position at which the relief molding material is applied. In this case, a relief-like structure can be created by multiple application at defined locations.

Claims (20)

  1. A method for a three-dimensional reproduction or a relief and/or image original using a smooth thermoplastic film which is provided with a graphical depiction of the relief and/or image original, particularly an imprinted film, as the base material for the relief, and a positive relief mold, wherein the film is exactly superimposed with the positive relief mold and is thermoplastically deformed with heat during a thermoplastic deformation step, characterized by the following steps:
    a) providing the thermoplastic film;
    b) while marking the position of the relative position to each other, exact arrangement of a relief mold base material allowing a view of the film on or with slight distance over the image side of the film;
    c) applying the relief structure corresponding to the graphical depiction on the side of the relief mold base material facing away from the image side of the film by applying a relief mold material shaping and forming the positive relief mold;
    d) introducing the positive relief mold into a heat treatment device;
    e) corresponding to the position marking from step b), exact placement of the side facing away from the film on the structured upper side of the positive relief mold; and
    f) carrying out a thermoplastic deformation and/or embossing of the film.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a transparent or opaque or translucent film is used as the base material for the relief.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the foil is arranged in step a) with the side facing away from the image on or above a substrate illuminated from its other side, particularly a light table.
  4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hot stamping and/or plastic film, preferably made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or polystyrol or PVC (polyvinylchloride), particularly a hard PVC film, is used as the base material for the relief.
  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a hard PVC film with an VICAT softening point of 68 - 76° is used as the base material for the relief.
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the graphical depiction is applied on the relief base material by means of a screen printing or offset printing technique.
  7. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the graphical depiction is applied, particularly imprinted, on the base material for the relief in the form of an image or scan recorded under a 45° transverse light.
  8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the graphical depiction is imprinted on the relief base material using a solvent ink.
  9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a solvent ink with a flash point of between 60° and 75° and a boiling point of ≥ 115° is used.
  10. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a small-mesh, preferably net-like structure, particularly made of cotton or plastic, preferably polyamide, is used as the relief mold base material.
  11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a fine lace, a honeycomb lace or a filet lace is used as the relief mold base material.
  12. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief mold base material is arranged stretched on a frame on or with a small distance above the image side of the film.
  13. The method according to one of the preceding claims;
    characterized in that modeling clay featuring a filler material and a binding agent is used as the relief mold material.
  14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that modeling clay featuring plaster and fine sand particles and/or synthetic resin and fine sand particles and/or synthetic resin and aluminum particles is used.
  15. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the relief mold material is applied manually, particularly by means of a paint brush.
  16. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the thermoplastic deformation has been carried out the relief base material is removed from the heat treatment device and cavities located on rear side facing away from the image are filled up using a filling material.
  17. The method according to one of the claims 1-15, characterized in that after the thermoplastic deformation has been carried out the relief base material and the positive relief mold lying together are removed from the heat treatment device and the relief mold is filled on its rear side facing away from the relief base material using a filling material.
  18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a linen cloth is laminated onto the respective rear side which has been filled up using the filling material.
  19. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positive relief mold is transformed into a permanent relief embossing mold by means of a three-dimensional laser scan and a subsequent laser-guided modeling in synthetic resin.
  20. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic deformation is carried out in a closed or open mold with vacuum and/or compressed air applied.
EP08867166A 2007-12-21 2008-12-19 Three-dimensional print of a painting Not-in-force EP2296915B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102007062822A DE102007062822B3 (en) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Process for the three-dimensional reproduction of a relief and / or image original and a three-dimensional reproduction product of a relief and / or image original produced by this process
PCT/EP2008/010964 WO2009083198A1 (en) 2007-12-21 2008-12-19 Three-dimensional print of a painting

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CN103253055A (en) * 2010-02-12 2013-08-21 徽达科技股份有限公司 In-mould decoration material
DE102010018025A1 (en) 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Astrid Schwarz A method for producing a printed product with a visible to the blind or visually impaired by feeling representation of a graphic object, and printed matter produced by this method
WO2020212240A1 (en) 2019-04-16 2020-10-22 Covestro Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Layer arrangement with 3d structure and 2d projection of said structure

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DE7243476U (en) * 1974-02-07 Soc D I F A C Painting reproduction with a relief-like structure
US3060611A (en) * 1959-08-24 1962-10-30 Andrea Philip A D Reproduction of a textured surface
US3772106A (en) * 1971-08-10 1973-11-13 L Giorgi Process of making tridimensional color photographs
FR2365447A1 (en) * 1976-09-23 1978-04-21 Delorme Gerard PROCESS FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF PICTURAL WORKS AND REPRODUCTIONS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCEDURE
DE2851875C2 (en) * 1978-11-30 1983-11-10 Heinz Wilhelm 8000 München Becker Reproduction method for oil paintings or the like
US5201548A (en) * 1990-04-12 1993-04-13 Artagraph Reproduction Technology Incorporated Method and means for publishing images having coloration and three-dimensional texture
US5667747A (en) * 1995-03-22 1997-09-16 Harding Product Supply Ltd. Vacuum formed three-dimensional surface article
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