Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
  • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
  • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
  • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
  • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
  • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
  • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
  • B60W2510/244—Charge state
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
  • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
  • B60Y2400/112—Batteries
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
  • B60Y2400/11—Electric energy storages
  • B60Y2400/114—Super-capacities
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

• Energy storage device for hybrid or electric motor vehicles and method for managing associated electrical energy
• the present invention relates to an energy storage device for hybrid or electric motor vehicles and a method for managing associated electrical energy.
• the object of the invention is notably to improve the compromise between the cost, the performances and the lifetime of such an energy storage device.
• a hybrid vehicle comprises a heat engine used in combination with an electric traction system, such as an electric machine.
• the general principle of operation of this type of vehicle is to operate either the electric machine alone (pure electric mode), when the vehicle is traveling at a speed below a threshold speed (of the order of 60 km / h for example) , especially in urban areas; either the thermal engine alone (thermal mode), when the vehicle is traveling at a speed above the threshold speed, outside the urban zone.
• the electric machine ensures the traction of the vehicle, it takes energy contained in an energy storage device. In recovery phases, especially during the braking phases of the vehicle, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is transformed into electrical energy stored inside the storage device.
• These vehicles include an electrical on-board system that includes all the energy-consuming elements of the vehicle, such as headlights, radio, windshield wipers or air conditioning, connected to the storage device in order to take energy for its operation.
• Energy storage devices are known in the form of electrochemical torque batteries that convert electrical energy into chemical energy (and vice versa) through the electrochemical reactions of their electrodes.
• Lead oxide-sulfuric acid, nickel-metal hydride, Li-ion, lithium batteries are thus known. polymer, or others.
• energy batteries have a higher internal resistance than power batteries and allow to deliver a quantity of energy for a longer duration than energy batteries; on the other hand, given their higher internal resistance, energy batteries deliver less power than power batteries.
• supercapacitors are known, also called supercapacities, consisting of two impregnated electrolyte electrodes, which are separated by an insulating and porous membrane (to ensure ionic conduction). The electrical charges accumulating on the electrodes, the electrolyte ensures the compensation, from an electrical point of view, of this accumulation of charges.
• a first electrical energy storage element and a second storage element are used that are coupled to one another via an electrical coupling device that adapts the voltage levels of the first storage element. to the voltage levels of the second storage element and vice versa.
• One of the two storage elements comprises an electrochemical torque battery, while the other storage element comprises a supercapacitor.
• the battery with electrochemical torque makes it possible to keep the supercapacitor in a state of functional charge, ie a state of charge such that the supercapacitor can store energy if the vehicle enters a recovery phase , or provide if the vehicle enters a phase of electrical operation.
• the battery takes energy from the supercapacitor at a suitable current to bring down the state of charge of the supercapacitor, to allow it to store more energy if necessary.
• the battery supplies power to the supercapacitor at a current suitable for raising the state of charge supercapacitor, to enable it to provide more energy to the electric machine if necessary.
• the invention allows the use of an electrochemical battery of reduced size, which involves the reduction of both the mass of the battery, its size, its electrical power, as well as its capacity. In addition, the invention allows a reduction of currents, and therefore a limitation of thermal heating of the storage device.
• the invention therefore relates to a device for storing electrical energy for motor vehicles of the hybrid or electric type, characterized in that it comprises:
• a high voltage power supply bus intended to be connected to an electric traction system and / or to an electrical edge network
• a first element for storing electrical energy connected to said power bus characterized in that it furthermore comprises:
• a second storage element connected to the high-voltage power supply bus by means of an electrical coupling member ensuring the adaptation of the voltage levels of the first storage element to the voltage levels of the second storage element and vice versa;
• the second storage element being connected to the bus in parallel with the first storage element, one of the two storage elements comprising an electrochemical torque battery, while the other storage element comprises a supercapacitor.
• the first storage element connected to the bus comprises a supercapacitor
• the second storage element comprises an electrochemical torque battery
• the first storage element comprises a supercapacitor delivering a voltage of between 80 and 150 volts and capable of delivering a power of between 15 and 35 kW.
• the second storage element comprises an electrochemical torque battery delivering a voltage between
• the coupling member is a reversible DC / DC converter with power between 1 and 5 kW.
• the invention furthermore relates to a hybrid or electric motor vehicle equipped with an energy storage device according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises:
• an electric traction system connected to the high-voltage bus via an AC / DC converter.
• the converter accepts voltages between 80 to 150 volts and has a power of about 40 kW, while the DC / DC converter supports a power of the order of about 1 kW.
• the invention also relates to a method for managing electrical energy in an electric or hybrid vehicle according to the invention, characterized in that, in a phase of pure electric traction, the electric traction system takes energy from the terminals. supercapacitor to ensure traction of the vehicle, while electrical energy is transferred from the battery to the supercapacitor through the coupling member to compensate for this energy withdrawal.
• the supercapacitor stores energy from the electric traction system; while electrical energy is transferred from the supercapacitor to the battery via the coupling member to slow the charge of the supercapacitor.
• a transfer of energy from the supercapacitor to the battery is preferably carried out during a pure thermal traction phase , so that the charge level of the supercapacitor is such that the supercapacitor can store electrical energy from the electric traction system if the vehicle enters a phase of energy recovery; or provide power to the electric traction system if the vehicle is operating in electric mode.
• Figure 1 a schematic representation of the general principle of the electrical energy storage device according to the invention.
• Figure 2 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the storage device according to the invention connected to an electric traction system and an electrical vehicle electrical network;
• FIG. 1 shows a storage device 1 comprising a high voltage DC power supply bus 2 intended to be connected to an electric traction system of the vehicle, such as an electric machine, and / or to an electrical edge network. said vehicle. [033].
• a first element 3 for storing electrical energy is connected to this bus 2.
• a second element 4 for storing electrical energy is connected to the bus 2 by means of an electrical coupling member 5. This second storage element 4 is connected to the bus 2 via the member 5 in parallel with the first element 3.
• the coupling member 5 is a reversible DC / DC converter ensuring the adaptation of the voltage levels of the first storage element 3 to the voltage levels of the second storage element 4 and vice versa.
• a storage element 3 or 4 of low internal resistance such as a supercapacitor
• a storage element 3 or 4 of high storage capacity such as a battery with electrochemical torque of energy type or power.
• one of the storage elements 3 or 4 takes the form of a power battery, while the other storage element 3 or 4 takes the form of an energy battery.
• FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the storage device 1 according to the invention.
• the first storage element 3 comprises a supercapacitor delivering a voltage of between 80 and 150 volts capable of providing a power of between 15 and 35 kW.
• the second storage element 4 comprises an electrochemical torque battery delivering a voltage of between 12 and 60 volts and having a storage capacity of between 2 and 20 MJ (Mega Joules), this storage capacity being up to 60 or 100 MJ. in some realizations. [040].
• the coupling member 5 is a reversible DC / DC converter having a power of between 1 and 5 kW.
• a traction system 7, such as an electric machine, is connected to the bus 2 by means of an electrical coupling member 8 in the form of an AC / DC converter.
• This member 8 accepts voltages between 80 to 150 V and has a power of about 40 kW.
• the member 8 operates in a rectifier mode, so as to convert an AC voltage delivered by the machine 7 into a DC voltage applied to the bus 2.
• the 8 operates in inverter mode, so as to convert the DC voltage of the bus 2 into a three-phase AC voltage applied to the phases of the machine 7.
• the bus 9 of an electrical vehicle electrical network is connected to the bus 2 via a DC / DC converter supporting a power of the order of about 1 kW.
• Electrical network means an electrical network comprising all the consumer electrical components of the vehicle connected in series or parallel to the bus 9. These electrical consumers are including headlights, radio, air conditioning, wipers, etc. .
• the converter 10 adapts the voltage levels observable on the on-board network to the voltage levels observable on the bus 2, and vice versa.
• the voltage on the onboard network is maintained at around 12V.
• the device 1 of the invention further comprises a control unit (not shown) able to drive the various elements 3, 4 and 5 of the device 1 to implement the energy management method according to the invention illustrated by the time diagrams of Figure 3.
• FIG. 3 represents graphs illustrating the temporal evolution of the voltages UCAP and VBAT respectively at the terminals of the supercapacitor 3 and the battery 4 of the storage device 1 according to FIG. 2, PDC / DC power exchanges between the supercapacitor 3 and the battery 4, and the power PMEL of the electric machine 7, during different operating phases 11 -15 of a hybrid vehicle according to the invention.
• an operating phase 11 when the electric machine 7 operates in motor mode (positive PMEL), the electric machine 7 draws energy at the terminals of the supercapacitor 3 to ensure the traction of the vehicle, so that the voltage UCAP at the terminals of the supercapacitor 3 decreases. Moreover, electrical energy is transferred from the battery 4 to the supercapacitor 3 (positive PDC / DC), in order to compensate for this energy withdrawal, so that the voltage VBAT across the battery 4 also decreases. At the end of this phase 11, the supercapacitor 3 has a voltage Vd corresponding to a state of discharge. For a hybrid vehicle, this phase 11 can be implemented in combination with a thermal traction phase (Boost mode).
• Boost mode thermal traction phase
• a transfer of electrical energy is made from the battery 4 to the supercapacitor 3 by discharging a current electrical power from the battery 4 to the supercapacitor 3 via the converter 5.
• This energy transfer is intended to raise the UCAP voltage Vd supercapacitor 3 at a level Vf such that it will be possible for it supplying electrical energy to the machine 7 if the vehicle enters a subsequent electrical traction phase, or storing energy from the machine 7 if the vehicle enters a phase of energy recovery.
• the voltage of the supercapacitor 3 is raised in order to maintain said supercapacitor 3 in a state that is as functional as possible.
• the vehicle decelerates and uses the electric machine 7 as an electric generator (negative PMEL), in order to transform the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy.
• the supercapacitor 3 then stores the energy from the electric machine 7, so that the UCAP voltage at its terminals increases.
• the supercapacitor 3 has a voltage Vc corresponding to its state of charge. It is possible but not mandatory to transfer electrical energy from the supercapacitor 3 to the battery 4 via the converter 5 to slow the charge of the supercapacitor 3 (PDC / DC negative).
• a transfer of energy is made from the supercapacitor 3 to the battery 4 (PDC / DC negative), by discharging an electric current from the supercapacitor 3 to the battery 4 via the converter 5 in order to lower the voltage of the supercapacitor 3 of the voltage Vc to a level Vf such that the supercapacitor 3 can again recover energy at the next braking, or provide energy to the electric machine 7 if the vehicle enters an electric traction phase.
• the voltage of the supercapacitor 3 is changed in order to maintain said supercapacitor 3 in a state that is as functional as possible.
• the voltage levels Vf and Vf may be substantially equal.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2008
  • 2008-07-04 FR FR0854571A patent/FR2933356B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-07-03 WO PCT/FR2009/051309 patent/WO2010001070A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-07-03 EP EP09772752A patent/EP2293965A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-07-03 JP JP2011515582A patent/JP2011526561A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-07-03 CN CN200980126157.6A patent/CN102083665B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-07-03 US US13/001,939 patent/US8434578B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-07-03 BR BRPI0909914A patent/BRPI0909914A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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