EP2292076B1 - Heizelement, wie etwa heiz-planarstruktur, insbesondere ein ultradünnes heizpanel - Google Patents

Heizelement, wie etwa heiz-planarstruktur, insbesondere ein ultradünnes heizpanel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2292076B1
EP2292076B1 EP09757327A EP09757327A EP2292076B1 EP 2292076 B1 EP2292076 B1 EP 2292076B1 EP 09757327 A EP09757327 A EP 09757327A EP 09757327 A EP09757327 A EP 09757327A EP 2292076 B1 EP2292076 B1 EP 2292076B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
matrix
inertial block
heating structure
block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09757327A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2292076A2 (de
Inventor
Pierre-Henri Milleville
Gilles Rougon
Isabelle Jalmain
Laurent Barthel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP2292076A2 publication Critical patent/EP2292076A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2292076B1 publication Critical patent/EP2292076B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating element such as a plate heating structure and more particularly to an ultrathin heating panel.
  • the plate heating structures comprise a heating layer comprising at least one electrical resistor to be electrically powered to produce Joule heating.
  • This heating layer is generally fixed between two reinforcing layers, preferably electrical insulators.
  • plate-shaped is meant both a planar shape that a substantially curved shape or input.
  • the heating structures of this type generally have a thickness of the order of or greater than 2 cm, which can reduce the possible applications, for example aiming for a minimum thickness for a heat emitter type application but also confers inertia thermal still high.
  • a heating structure substantially plate-shaped, which comprises at least one electrical resistance, immobilized by polymerization of a matrix between two thicknesses of reinforcement and which has an overall thickness less than or of the order of 5 millimeters.
  • a heating structure is obtained in particular by means of a manufacturing method in which a reinforcement is pre-impregnated with a polymerizable matrix by raising the temperature, and then the insertion of at least one electrical resistance between two thicknesses of said reinforcement and raising the temperature of the assembly in view of its stiffening.
  • Such a polymerizable matrix may also be a thermoplastic polymer that can be melted and solidified at will to present a desired shape that a thermosetting polymer that polymerizes only once by raising the temperature.
  • This polymerizable matrix is initially incorporated by pre-impregnation, in the reinforcements so that in the heating step, the assembly is stiffened in a chosen form, for example in a heating press.
  • Such a heating structure has an ultra-thin overall thickness and a lower thermal inertia than conventional heating structures.
  • Such a structure allows radiation heating on both sides which gives the sensation of a gentle heating, without air mixing, by the emission of electromagnetic waves in the infrared range. Moreover, in open spaces in which a stream of air circulates regularly, convection heating costs are most often prohibitive and a radiant and ultrathin heating structure finds an advantageous application.
  • such a heating structure may be intended for heating domestic interiors, as an emitter connected to the electrical network. But it can also be used as an edible heating element (self-heating thermos, liquid heater, plate warmer) or as a drying element in the industry.
  • Heating pressuring during manufacture makes it possible to give the heating structure a specific shape that can be adapted to a particular use, particularly in the context of use as a domestic cabin or drying element heater. to adapt to a particular geographical or spatial configuration.
  • This formatting may also have the purpose of proposing in addition to a technical aspect also a certain aesthetic appearance to the structure thus manufactured.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a heating structure of this type having a lower overall thickness or the order of 5 mm and low thermal inertia and, in addition, the shape can be easily adapted to the desired use.
  • the invention therefore proposes a heating structure, substantially in the form of a plate, comprising at least one electrical resistance, immobilized by polymerization of a matrix between two reinforcing thicknesses, said structure having a lower overall thickness or greater thickness. 5 mm, characterized in that said structure is in the form of a flat plate with adaptable deformability.
  • the heating element such as a plate heating structure and more particularly an ultrathin heating panel according to the invention can be deformed so as to adapt to a specific use envisaged without it being necessary. necessary to provide, as was the case in the rigid heating structure of the state of the art, a particular mold to form the plate.
  • adaptable deformability means that the matrix and the reinforcements give the plate a mechanical strength allowing it to remain in a flat, "rigid" shape but that the matrix once polymerized has a deformable nature , preferably without special treatment, for shaping the plate according to a desired deformation that said plate retains.
  • the matrix is made of a material capable of imparting a mechanical strength to the formed plate while being deformable.
  • the structure according to this embodiment is easily implemented in the form of plates which can then be deformed to the desired shape, without this deformation needing support means to be retained.
  • the term adaptable deformability means that the matrix impregnating the reinforcements, once polymerized, is made of a material adapted to give the plate flexibility to deform to the desired shape, where it can be maintained by any appropriate means of support.
  • the matrix preferably consists of a thermosetting resin with adaptable flexibility and preferably an epoxy resin with adaptable flexibility, such as, for example, that known under the trade name Duralco 4538 from Cotronics.
  • This epoxy resin is in the unpolymerized state in the form of a gel.
  • this epoxy resin is adaptable by varying the mixing ratio of the resin with respect to the crosslinking agent or curing agent used in said resin.
  • the resin / hardener mixture ratio is from 100/80 to 100/300 w / w.
  • the physical properties of such a resin are preferably a tensile strength greater than 1200 (psi), an elongation of between 8 and 200 (%), preferably also having a radius of curvature of 0.5.
  • a flexible plate constituting a radiant heating surface that can be used as a stretched veil to cover plane or non-flat surfaces, in fields of application such as the automobile industry, street furniture, industrial furniture, home heating integrated into the decoration, etc.
  • a heating structure can be obtained according to the manufacturing method in which a reinforcement is pre-impregnated with the aid of the polymerizable matrix, an electrical resistance is inserted between two thicknesses of said preimpregnated reinforcement and the polymer is polymerized. matrix by elevation of temperature.
  • the reinforcement has a suitable deformability and may consist of a fiberglass fabric, a fiberglass mat, a natural fiber fabric or any other suitable material.
  • the electrical resistance is of a deformable material, preferably having a radius of curvature of 0.5.
  • This electrical resistance can in particular be screen printed on a plastic film.
  • This plastic film may also advantageously have perforations favoring the interpenetration of the matrix on both sides of the film, conferring a better mechanical stability to the structure thus produced.
  • one or more electrical resistors are present on the entire structure. This structure is therefore a heating element in full.
  • the electrical resistance is located on one or more distinct parts of the structure. In this way, it is possible to provide on the heating structure localized heating zones, for example at a seat or office that would include such a heating structure.
  • the matrix before polymerization may comprise additives conferring on the subsequent structure particular properties.
  • additives may in particular be chosen to comply with safety standards (flame retardant, etc.).
  • Such additives may also be dyes for imparting color effects to the heating structure thus produced.
  • Thermochromic dyes are preferably used, which react with heat and cause color change effects in use of the heating structure.
  • the heating structure comprises, integrated into the structure during manufacture, lighting means such as at least one layer of optical fibers associated with the electrical resistance, at least one flexible strip. carrying at least one light emitting diode associated with the electrical resistance.
  • heating structure which, in addition, provides a lighting functionality thus opening up many applications possibilities, in particular, in street furniture (seat, heating and illuminating amounts for bus shelters, for example), the interior fittings of premises (heating and lighting coating constituting visual guides when the main lighting is not in use, for example).
  • the structure comprises a single radiating face.
  • one of the faces of the structure is provided with an insulating layer.
  • the heating structure is preferably shaped to accommodate a mobile inertial block which stores heat produced by said heating structure so as to optimize the heat transfer the mobile inertial block and / or which comprises a system controlled joule heating system such as a Joule effect cartridge, housed in the inertial block, preferably at its center, and electrically connectable to the heating structure accommodating it.
  • a system controlled joule heating system such as a Joule effect cartridge
  • the invention also relates to a mobile inertial block, intended to be associated with a heating structure, substantially plate-shaped, comprising at least one electrical resistance, immobilized by polymerization of a matrix, between two thicknesses of reinforcement , said structure having an overall thickness less than or on the order of 5 millimeters, especially as previously described, characterized in that the mobile inertial block is suitable for storing part of the heat produced by said heating structure, the heating structure being preferably shaped to accommodate this block so as to optimize the heat transfer the mobile inertial block and / or comprises a controlled joule effect heating system such as a Joule effect cartridge, housed in the inertial block, preferably in its center, and connectable electrically to the heating structure welcoming.
  • a controlled joule effect heating system such as a Joule effect cartridge
  • a booster heat obtained by said Joule cartridge located in the center of the inertial block may be necessary to provide more quickly to said inertial block a heat exploitable amount.
  • the power supply intended to produce heat by the joule effect of the ultra-thin structure also allows thanks to appropriate connections to feed the second heat source by Joule effect which is in the form of a cartridge integrated in the block in its center. and which is for storing heat in the associated mobile inertial block.
  • This mobile block nomadic, a Once separated and disconnected from the ultra-thin heating structure, it can then be moved to serve as additional heating.
  • Such a movable block independent of the ultra-thin heating structure makes it possible to accumulate the heat quickly and to restore it slowly to a different location from the location of the heating structure. When the latter has returned the majority of its heat it is then replaced and connected in position in the heating structure for reloading.
  • the movable block is made of a material adapted to accumulate heat and to restore it slowly.
  • a material is in particular chosen from concretes, soapstone, lightweight terracotta made of sandstone, clay in which sawdust is integrated before firing, possibly associated with firebrick.
  • An appropriate conventional control known to those skilled in the art, allows to adapt the heat obtained joule effect to be stored in the mobile inertial block. As a result, this embodiment leads to a dual function of the heat emitter at a time, ultra-thin radiating surface emitter and inertial nomadic emitter.
  • a heating element such as a heating structure 1 according to the invention is made in the form of a flat plate and is electrically powered by means of wires arranged projecting from the plate in order to connect them to a connection module.
  • This heating structure 1 comprises a heating film 2 consisting of a plastic film on which is screen printed an electrical resistance 3. This heating film 2 is sandwiched between two layers of reinforcements 4, consisting of a fabric of glass fibers 5 in a polymerizable matrix 6.
  • the glass fiber fabric 5 has been pre-impregnated by coating with the matrix 6.
  • This matrix 6 is an epoxy resin with adaptable flexibility so that, during the temperature rise, the resin polymerizes but retains a flexibility conferring to the heating structure 1 thus formed an adaptable deformability.
  • the "pre-impregnation" of the fibers by the matrix 6 can also result from the integration of polymerizable fibers into the fiber reinforcement.
  • optical fibers 7 are integrated at the level of the fabric 5 so as to confer on the structure thus produced an additional lighting function, at the very least of a light source.
  • This flat structure is also made to present localized heating zones, the heating film 2 having screen printed electrical resistors only in certain places as can be seen in dashed lines.
  • the assembly formed of the heating film 2 between two reinforcements 4 pre-impregnated with the polymerizable matrix 6 is introduced into a heating press between two plates. If necessary, one or more strips provided with LEDs 8 are also installed. The heating is printed with the press until a temperature compatible with the polymerization of the matrix 6.
  • the pressing is carried out in a conventional manner per se, under vacuum and / or under pressure of the trays so as to evacuate the air pockets that would be likely to cause, when heating dilatations and if necessary a delamination of the structure. Aspiration of the vacuum air pockets makes it possible to dispense with a high pressure of the pressing plate.
  • the heating structure 1 is an ultrathin heating panel. Indeed, the press platens advantageously make it possible to produce the heating structure 1 in a flat shape with a thickness of less than or equal to 5 mm, while providing heating capacities equivalent to conventional structures and which, from Due to its adaptable deformability, it can then be shaped in a desired manner according to the envisaged application opening a wide range of possibilities of use for this type of heating structure.
  • the temperature of the heating structure can reach in particular about 80 ° C in less than twenty minutes.
  • the fiberglass reinforcements 5 are advantageously insulating and furthermore ensure good electrical insulation of the structure and satisfactory resistance to flames.
  • Such a heating structure can be intended for heating domestic interiors as home radiators connected to the electrical network and can for this purpose, rest on a base having a connection module for a connection to the electrical distribution network.
  • the deformation capacity of the heating structure also makes it possible to give such a house radiator a shape that allows it to adapt to a particular environment, for example the heating structure can be deformed to fit a specific form of support (walls, beams, for example). Or, such a radiator can be in particular original forms, aesthetic giving it further a decorative appearance.
  • a heating structure 1 for example in the form of a curved panel as can be seen in the figure 3 , there is associated a mobile inertial block 9.
  • the electrical resistance of said structure is intended to be electrically powered to produce a Joule effect heat which serves to heat the associated mobile inertial block 9.
  • This nomadic inertial block 9 also has in its center a heating system by Joule effect 10 also called Joule effect cartridge, powered when it is received in the heating structure.
  • This cartridge 10 thus comprises means of electrical connection to the heating structure 1 provided with corresponding electrical connection means 11.
  • This block 9 separated from the heating structure 1 can then be used to serve as mobile auxiliary heating by restoring the heat stored.
  • This inertial block 9 is preferably made of lightened terracotta. That is to say a terracotta with sawdust before cooking the earth. Such lightened terracotta is thermally insulating and has an interesting inertia.
  • Such an inertial block 9 may advantageously have a bell shape in which the Joule effect cartridge 10 is housed and the heating structure is then shaped to accommodate this block 9 so as to optimize the heat transfer but also simplify the electrical connection intended for feed the booster heater Joule effect 10 located in the center of the inertial block as can be seen on the figure 3 .

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Heizstruktur (1), umfassend ein Heizelement (2), das zwischen zwei Verstärkungsschichten (4) eingeschoben ist, die eine polymerisierbare Matrix (6) umfassen, wobei die Struktur eine Gesamtdicke aufweist, die etwa 5 Millimeter oder weniger beträgt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Struktur (1) in Form einer ebenen Platte mit einer anpassbaren Verformbarkeit ausgebildet ist, die durch die Matrix (6) verliehen wird, die nach ihrer Polymerisierung in der Lage ist, sich gemäß einer gewünschten Form zu verformen, und dass das Heizelement (2) aus einer Kunststofffolie besteht, auf der mindestens ein elektrischer Widerstand (3) siebgedruckt ist.
  2. Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrix (6) aus einem Material, wie etwa einem Duroplast mit anpassbarer Flexibilität, besteht, das der Platte eine Flexibilität verleiht, die es ihr ermöglicht, sich in der gewünschten Form zu verformen, in der sie durch beliebige geeignete Trägermittel gehalten werden kann.
  3. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrix (6) ein Epoxidharz mit anpassbarer Flexibilität ist, wobei der Gehalt an Härtungsmittel (Vernetzungsmittel) im Verhältnis zur Mischung veränderbar ist, um die Flexibilität zu variieren.
  4. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Widerstand (3) ein elektrisch resistives, verformbares Material ist, das bevorzugt einen Krümmungsradius von 0,5 aufweist.
  5. Struktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Widerstand (3) auf der ganzen Struktur vorliegt.
  6. Struktur nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Widerstand (3) nur in einem oder mehreren Teilen der Struktur vorliegt.
  7. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Matrix (6) vor der Polymerisierung Zusatzstoffe umfasst, wie etwa Farbstoffe, bevorzugt thermochrome Farbstoffe.
  8. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung eine geeignete Verformbarkeit aufweist und aus einem Glasfasergewebe, einer Glasfasermatte, einem Naturfasergewebe bestehen kann.
  9. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizstruktur (1) in die Struktur während der Herstellung integrierte Beleuchtungsmittel umfasst, wie etwa eine Glasfaserlage, wobei mindestens ein biegsames Band mindestens eine Leuchtdiode (8) trägt, die mit dem elektrischen Widerstand (3) verknüpft ist.
  10. Struktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizstruktur (1) bevorzugt ausgestaltet ist, um einen beweglichen Trägheitsblock (9) aufzunehmen, der Wärme speichert, die von der Heizstruktur erzeugt wird, um die Wärmeübertragung zu optimieren, und/oder der ein reguliertes joulesches Heizsystem umfasst, wie etwa eine joulesche Patrone, das in dem Trägheitsblock, bevorzugt in seiner Mitte, untergebracht ist und an die dieses aufnehmende Heizstruktur elektrisch anschließbar ist.
  11. Beweglicher Trägheitsblock (9), der dazu gedacht ist, mit einer im Wesentlichen plattenförmigen Heizstruktur verbunden zu sein, umfassend mindestens einen elektrischen Widerstand, der durch Polymerisierung einer Matrix zwischen zwei Verstärkungslagen festgehalten wird, wobei die Struktur eine Gesamtdicke von ungefähr 5 Millimetern oder weniger beträgt, gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Trägheitsblock (9) ein reguliertes joulesches Heizsystem (10), wie etwa eine joulesche Patrone, umfasst, das in dem Trägheitsblock (9), bevorzugt in seiner Mitte, untergebracht ist und an die dieses aufnehmende Heizstruktur elektrisch anschließbar ist, und/oder dazu geeignet ist, um einen Teil der Wärme zu speichern, die durch die Heizstruktur erzeugt wird, wobei die Heizstruktur bevorzugt ausgestaltet ist, um diesen Block aufzunehmen, um die Wärmeübertragung auf den beweglichen Trägheitsblock zu optimieren.
  12. Beweglicher Trägheitsblock nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Block (9) aus einem Material besteht, das in der Lage ist, Wärme zu speichern und diese langsam wieder abzugeben, wobei ein derartiges Material insbesondere aus Beton, Seifenstein, Leicht-Terrakotta, in das vor dem Brennen Sägemehl integriert wird, eventuell in Verbindung mit feuerfestem Stein, ausgewählt wird.
  13. Beweglicher Trägheitsblock nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trägheitsblock (9) eine Glockenform aufweist, in der die joulesche Patrone (10) untergebracht ist.
EP09757327A 2008-06-06 2009-06-05 Heizelement, wie etwa heiz-planarstruktur, insbesondere ein ultradünnes heizpanel Not-in-force EP2292076B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803179A FR2932354B1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2008-06-06 Element de chauffage tel qu'une structure chauffante en plaque et plus particulierement un panneau de chauffage ultramince.
PCT/EP2009/004071 WO2009146944A2 (fr) 2008-06-06 2009-06-05 Elément de chauffage tel qu'une structure chauffante en plaque et plus particulièrement un panneau de chauffage ultramince

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2292076A2 EP2292076A2 (de) 2011-03-09
EP2292076B1 true EP2292076B1 (de) 2012-09-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09757327A Not-in-force EP2292076B1 (de) 2008-06-06 2009-06-05 Heizelement, wie etwa heiz-planarstruktur, insbesondere ein ultradünnes heizpanel

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2292076B1 (de)
DK (1) DK2292076T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2394742T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2932354B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009146944A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2469769B1 (es) * 2013-11-19 2015-04-29 Iredheat Systems, S.L Panel radiante por infrarrojos mejorado
DE102017001513A1 (de) * 2017-02-17 2018-08-23 K. L. Kaschier- Und Laminier Gmbh Streulichtblende eines Bilderfassungsgerätes
FR3141588A1 (fr) * 2022-10-28 2024-05-03 Valeo Vision Dispositif de chauffage et d’éclairage, notamment pour véhicule

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB831735A (en) * 1957-04-30 1960-03-30 Walther Bethge Improvements in or relating to electrical sheet-type heaters
FR2847114B1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2005-02-11 Electricite De France Panneau de chauffage ultra-mince

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Publication number Publication date
ES2394742T3 (es) 2013-02-05
DK2292076T3 (da) 2013-01-02
FR2932354A1 (fr) 2009-12-11
EP2292076A2 (de) 2011-03-09
WO2009146944A3 (fr) 2010-06-10
WO2009146944A2 (fr) 2009-12-10
FR2932354B1 (fr) 2013-02-01

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