EP2290245A1 - Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression - Google Patents

Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2290245A1
EP2290245A1 EP09168839A EP09168839A EP2290245A1 EP 2290245 A1 EP2290245 A1 EP 2290245A1 EP 09168839 A EP09168839 A EP 09168839A EP 09168839 A EP09168839 A EP 09168839A EP 2290245 A1 EP2290245 A1 EP 2290245A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
piston
reaction
advantageously
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09168839A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joël Demareau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wow Co SA
Original Assignee
Wow Co SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wow Co SA filed Critical Wow Co SA
Priority to EP09168839A priority Critical patent/EP2290245A1/fr
Publication of EP2290245A1 publication Critical patent/EP2290245A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/19—Pyrotechnical actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an actuator provided with a counter compression means, adapted to control at least part of the movement of the combustion cylinder.
  • US 5303631 discloses a damped-action pyrotechnic actuator.
  • Said actuator has a body containing a piston, a pyrotechnic material combustion chamber, and a counter pressure chamber between a piston head and a mobile end of the actuator, also including an intermediate compression chamber between the combustion chamber and the piston head, the intermediate compression chamber being connected to the combustion chamber by a hole, and a gas passage by-passing the piston head of the piston to connect the intermediate chamber to the counter pressure chamber.
  • Such a device is adapted for reducing the movement of the rod actuating on an element to be tested. Furthermore such a device is not suitable for controlling the return movement of the actuator.
  • the invention relates to an actuator suitable for generating very rapid action or force on the element to be tested, for example in less than 1 second, advantageously less than 500 milliseconds, for example between 1 millisecond and 200 milliseconds, while enabling to limit the force applied to the element after a predetermined displacement of the piston of the combustion chamber or of the reaction chamber.
  • the element suitable to be tested are for example cylinders working in extreme conditions, valves to be closed or opened in very short times, pieces submitted to a rapid movement before having to return back to its initial position, etc
  • the invention relates to an actuator comprising :
  • the reaction chamber is for example a catalytic chamber suitable for catalysing a reaction with a nitro containing compound, for example nitromethane.
  • the reaction chamber can also be a chamber in which a solid or liquid is reacted with a gas or a liquid.
  • the reaction chamber is however advantageously a combustion chamber.
  • the invention relates to an actuator comprising :
  • the reaction/combustion chamber 12 and the counter compression cylinder 2 are adapted the one with respect to the other, so that before a reaction/combustion phase in the reaction/combustion chamber 12, the combustion chamber 12 has a first minimal volume V1 and the counter compression cylinder 2 has a second minimal volume V2 with a ratio V1/V2 before combustion phase lower than 0.9, advantageously lower than 0.75, especially lower than 0.5, most advantageously lower than 0.35, preferably lower than 0.25.
  • the reaction/combustion chamber 12 and the pre compression cylinder 3 are adapted the one with respect to the other, so that before a combustion phase in the reaction/combustion chamber 12, the reaction/combustion chamber 12 has a first minimal volume V1 and the pre compression cylinder 3 has a third minimal volume V3 with a ratio V1/V3 before combustion phase lower than 0.9, advantageously lower than 0.75, especially lower than 0.5, advantageously lower than 0.35, preferably lower than 0.25.
  • the actuator comprises one or more of the following characteristics :
  • the actuator of the invention is advantageously associated to a control system or a computer system adapted to receive data from one or more sensors, advantageously pressure sensors and/or temperature sensors, said system being adapted for controlling the working of one or more injectors for following a pressure and/or force curve applied to the element to be tested.
  • Said control system or computer system can also be adapted for controlling the filling valves of the various chambers, for enabling a progressive filling of the chambers, for example for enabling a filling of the chambers while remaining substantially at the initial state for the pistons within the cylinders.
  • the control system or computer system can be adapted for controlling the exhaust valves, so as to control the exhaust of gases from the various chambers, for example so as to achieve at the end of the exhaust step a position of the pistons close or corresponding to the initial state.
  • the invention relates also to a testing device for an element, said device comprising an actuator according to the invention, the connecting means being provided with a means for linking the connecting means with the element to be tested at least for partial movement of the piston of the combustion cylinder, a system for measuring and/or determining at least partly the movement of the piston of the combustion chamber, and optionally a system for determining at least one parameter of the element to be tested at least during and/or after the element is submitted to the action of the connecting means.
  • the testing device is a non destructive testing device for the element to be tested, but enabling to determine the response(s) of at least one parameter of the element subjected to one or more forces during different time periods of less than 5 seconds, for example less than 3 seconds, advantageously less than 2.5 seconds, preferably for time periods comprised between 1 milliseconds and 1000 milliseconds (such as for time period of 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 750, 800, 900 and 1000 milliseconds), for one or more different displacements.
  • the destruction limit or the workability limit for said parameter(s) and thus of the element will be determined.
  • said determined destruction limit or workability limit is within a range considered as unsafe with respect the maximum theoretical destruction limit or workability limit, the element tested will not be considered as suitable for further use, while in case said determined destruction limit is away and below from the range considered as unsafe with respect the maximum theoretical destruction limit, the element tested will be considered as suitable for further use.
  • the invention further relates to a method for testing an element, by using a testing device according to the invention or a actuator according to the invention.
  • Said method comprises at least the following steps :
  • reactant/fuel is injected after and/or during initiation of the reaction/combustion. This enables a better control of the pressure increase in the reaction/combustion chamber, and to exert increased pressure step by step on the element to be tested, before the back pressure and/or movement of the piston of the reaction/combustion chamber.
  • a liquid or gaseous fuel is injected in the counter compression cylinder, while said fuel is ignited for accelerating the return movement of the piston of the reaction/combustion cylinder by accelerating the exhaust of gases from the reaction/combustion cylinder.
  • one or more valves of the counter compression cylinder is/are opened for reducing the pressure in the chamber of the counter compression chamber.
  • the ratio second volume / first volume is greater than 4, while the pressure at equilibrium in the chambers of the reaction/combustion cylinder and the counter compression cylinder is greater than 10 10 5 Pa, advantageously greater than 15 10 5 Pa, preferably at least equal to about or greater than 20 10 5 Pa
  • the envelope of the reaction/combustion chamber is heat controlled so that the temperature thereof is up to a temperature of 750°C, such as up to temperature comprised between 100°C and 600°C, advantageously between 200°C and 500°C.
  • the fuel is burned in an oxygen containing atmosphere comprising more than 30% volume oxygen, advantageously more than 50% volume oxygen, preferably more than 80% oxygen.
  • the burning of the fuel is carried out in an atmosphere containing more than 90% volume oxygen, most preferably more than 95% volume oxygen, or even more such as more than 99% volume oxygen.
  • the atmosphere can be cooled, whereby the pressure within the combustion chamber will drop. Said atmosphere can be further be used, possibly after exhaust of gases, for burning an additional quantity of fuel, for carrying a further testing.
  • the oxygen containing atmosphere consists thus essentially of O 2 , CO, CO 2 and H 2 O, and N 2 when using for example air or a nitro containing fuel.
  • butane, pentane, hexane, isooctane, nitroalkane, for example with 1 to 8 carbon atoms or more, such as nitromethane, nitroethane, etc. and mixtures thereof are preferably used as fuel, possibly as mixture thereof.
  • Pentane and/or iso octane and/or nitromethane or gas mixtures containing more than 75% volume pentane or isooctane or nitromethane or mixtures thereof are preferred.
  • the device of figure 1 is an actuator comprising :
  • the combustion chamber 12 and the counter compression cylinder 2 are adapted the one with respect to the other, so that before a combustion phase in the combustion chamber 12, the combustion chamber 12 has a first minimal volume V1 and the counter compression cylinder 2 has a second minimal volume V2 with a ratio V1/V2 before combustion phase lower than 0.9, for example a ratio V1/V2 of 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, etc. Said ratio is measured after filling the combustion chamber and the counter compression cylinder with oxygen containing gas at a same pressure, for example 20 10 5 Pa, while the pre compression chamber is filled with a gas at a pressure lower than the pressure of the gas in the combustion chamber, for example at 10 10 5 Pa.
  • the combustion chamber 12 and the pre compression cylinder 3 are adapted the one with respect to the other, so that before a combustion phase in the combustion chamber 12, the combustion chamber 12 has a first minimal volume V1 and the pre compression cylinder 3 has a third minimal volume V3 with a ratio V1/V3 before combustion phase lower than 0.9, advantageously lower than 0.75, especially lower than 0.5, advantageously lower than 0.35, preferably lower than 0.25.
  • the connecting means 1a, 2a is one common rod to which are attached the piston 11 of the combustion chamber 12, the piston 22 of the counter compression chamber, and the piston 32 of the pre compression chamber.
  • the piston 22 of the counter chamber 2 and the piston 32 of the pre compression chamber form one single piston 22,32 moving within one common cylinder 20,30, whereby said single piston 22,32 defines in said cylinder from one side, the chamber 21 of the counter compression cylinder 2, and from the opposite side, the chamber 31 of the pre compression chamber.
  • the piston 22,32 is provided with a gas tight seal.
  • the counter compression cylinder 2 is adapted for the combustion of at least one fuel.
  • the combustion chamber and/or the counter compression cylinder is provided with one or more controlled fuel injectors 1.b (fuel supplied from a fuel tank 1.f with interposition of one or more high pressure pumps, for example one pumps per injector), at least one means 1.c for filling the combustion chamber 12 with oxygen containing gas at a pressure for example of 20 10 5 Pa, one or more means 1.g for igniting a combustion, advantageously in the form of one or more spark plugs optionally provided with a preheater, and one or more exhaust valves1.d, 1.e.
  • the igniting of the combustion can be immediate after the injection, for example due to the heat or temperature within the chamber
  • the combustion chamber 12 and the counter compression cylinder 21 comprises optionally one or more fast exhaust valves (1.d 2.e) and one or more slow exhaust valves (1.e, 2.n).
  • the fast exhaust valve(s) (1.d) being adapted when fully opened for reducing the pressure within the combustion chamber 12 by at least 10 10 5 Pa, advantageously at least 20 10 5 Pa, preferably at least 50 10 5 Pa in a period corresponding to less than 0.2 times, advantageously less than 0.1 times, preferably less than 0.05 times the period required by the slow exhaust valves(1.e) when fully opened for reducing the pressure within the combustion chamber by at least 10 10 5 Pa, advantageously at least 20 10 5 Pa, preferably at least 50 10 5 Pa with a pressure within the counter compression chamber higher than 50 10 5 Pa with its valves in closed position, while the fast exhaust valve(s) of the counter compression chamber 21 is/are adapted when fully opened for reducing the pressure within the counter compression chamber by at least 10 10 5 Pa, advantageously at least 20 10 5 Pa, preferably at least 50 10 5 Pa
  • the combustion chamber 1 and/or the counter compression cylinder 2 further comprises one or more temperature probes or sensors 1.h 2.i and one or more pressure probes or sensors 1.i, 2.j.
  • the actuator can possibly comprise a series of combustion cylinders placed in parallel or in series the one with respect to the other, each combustion cylinder 1 with a hollow body 10 containing a piston 11, said piston 11 defining with said hollow body 10 a combustion chamber 12 adapted for burning at least a fuel in an oxygen containing gas, whereby said piston is movable in an axis direction A along the inner face or faces of the combustion chamber 12 in function of the pressure within the combustion chamber 12, whereby the said piston 11 is provided with means for ensuring a substantially gas-tight seal with the inner face or faces of the combustion chamber when the piston 11 is moving in the combustion chamber, and whereby the portion of the combustion chamber 12 in which the piston 11 is movable in substantially gas tight way has a first cross section measured perpendicular to the said axis direction A.
  • the combustion cylinder 1 can also possibly be connected to or provided with one or more precombustion chambers for igniting a combustion, said prechamber(s) being provided with (a) one or more controlled fuel injectors, (b) optionally at least one means for filling the combustion chamber with oxygen containing gas at a pressure higher than 10 10 5 Pa, (c) one or more means for igniting a combustion, advantageously in the form of one or more spark plugs optionally provided with a preheater, and (d) further optionally one or more exhaust valves.
  • the igniting of the fuel can also be immediate after the injection within the chamber, for example due to the heat or temperature within the chamber.
  • the fuel injectors 1.b,2.b for the combustion chamber or a prechamber thereof or for the counter compression cylinder 2 are advantageously piezzo injection valves connected to the reservoirs 1.f, 2.g via one or more high pressure pumps.
  • Said fuel injector(s) of the combustion chamber or precombustion chamber and/or counter compression cylinder is / are adapted for injecting fuel in the form of liquid, liquid spray, gas, vapour, and in the form of a mix fuel - oxygen containing gas.
  • the fuel injector(s) is/are advantageously associated to a preheater or cooler, for preheating or cooling the fuel or the mix fuel - oxygen containing gas to be injected.
  • the combustion chamber(s) 1 has/have an envelope 15 provided with means for controlling the temperature of the envelope, advantageously at least prior to a combustion phase.
  • Said envelope 15 is for example adapted for the flow of at least one liquid medium, such as a cooling or preheating medium.
  • Said medium is up to a temperature of 750°C, such as up to temperature comprised between 100°C and 600°C, advantageously between 200°C and 500°C.
  • the pre compression cylinder 3 is provided with filling means 2.1 adapted to be connected to a gas source under pressure, one or more fast exhaust valves 2.m, and/or one or more slow exhaust valves 2.n.
  • the fast exhaust valve(s) 2.m are adapted when fully opened for reducing the pressure within the pre compression chamber by at least 2 10 5 Pa, advantageously at least 4 10 5 Pa, preferably at least 10 10 5 Pa in a period corresponding to less than 0.2 times, advantageously less than 0.1 times, preferably less than 0.05 times the period required by the slow exhaust valves 2.n when fully opened for reducing the pressure within the combustion chamber by at least 2 10 5 Pa, advantageously at least 4 10 5 Pa, preferably at least 10 10 5 Pa.
  • the pre compression cylinder can be filled with any type of gas, such as air, nitrogen oxygen, etc.
  • the counter compression cylinder 2 has an envelope 25 provided with means for controlling the temperature of the envelope, advantageously at least prior to a combustion phase.
  • Said envelope 25 is for example adapted for the flow of at least one liquid medium, such as a cooling or preheating medium.
  • Said medium is up to a temperature of 750°C, such as up to temperature comprised between 100°C and 600°C, advantageously between 200°C and 500°C.
  • the temperature of the envelope 25 is maintained at a temperature substantially equal to the temperature of the envelope 15.
  • the connecting means or rod 1.a, 2.a is provided with a means 3.a for linking the connecting means 1.a, 2.a with the element to be tested at least for partial movement of the piston 11 of the combustion cylinder 1.
  • a system 3.b measures and/or determines at least partly the movement of the piston 11 of the combustion chamber
  • the means 3.a can optionally be provided with a system for determining at least one parameter of the element to be tested at least during and/or after the element is submitted to the action of the connecting means, for example a pressure sensor.
  • a method for testing an element, by using a testing device according to figure 1 will now be described. Said method comprises for example the following steps :
  • P2a is the pressure in the counter compression chamber
  • P2b is the pressure in the pre compression chamber
  • the force expressed in kN is represented in dashed lines.
  • the injector(s) are advantageously piezzo injection nozzles, such as the injectors used in diesel common rails, or magnetic injectors, with continuous, substantially continuous working, and/or with pulsed working or intermittent working.
  • the injectors can be the same or different, advantageously different, for example one for injecting large fuel quantity or one specific fuel, and another for injecting smaller quantity of fuel or one different fuel or fuel mixture.
  • the injectors can be connected to one or more pumps, for example pumps suitable for increasing the pressure of the injection above 300 10 5 Pa, for example 500 10 5 Pa, 1000 10 5 Pa, 1500 10 5 Pa, 2000 10 5 Pa.
  • the injector(s) are advantageously suitable for injecting the quantity of fuel in less than 0.01 second, advantageously less than 0.005 second, for example less than 0.002 second, such as 0.001 second, 0.0005 second or even less.
  • the device of the invention enables to have for testing purposes huge instantaneous power or force or speed of movement, even if only very low quantity of fuel is used.
  • the device enables to test complete cycles, comprising a path of increased pressure and a path with lowering pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
EP09168839A 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression Withdrawn EP2290245A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09168839A EP2290245A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09168839A EP2290245A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression

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EP2290245A1 true EP2290245A1 (fr) 2011-03-02

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EP09168839A Withdrawn EP2290245A1 (fr) 2009-08-27 2009-08-27 Actionneur avec supports de compression de compteur et supports de pré-compression

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104100606A (zh) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-15 比尔克特韦尔克有限公司 气动驱动器和用于获取气动驱动器的功率的方法
CN105317778A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2016-02-10 杭州邦威机电控制工程有限公司 结构试验用穿心伺服作动器
CN114458654A (zh) * 2022-02-08 2022-05-10 郑州科慧科技股份有限公司 一种增加气缸行程机构

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0556613A1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-25 UNIVER S.p.A. Vérin pneumatique à crémaillère et pignon avec dispositif de contre-pression et d'amortissement
US5303631A (en) 1991-12-31 1994-04-19 Thomson-Brandt Armements Damped-action pyrotechnic actuator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5303631A (en) 1991-12-31 1994-04-19 Thomson-Brandt Armements Damped-action pyrotechnic actuator
EP0556613A1 (fr) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-25 UNIVER S.p.A. Vérin pneumatique à crémaillère et pignon avec dispositif de contre-pression et d'amortissement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104100606A (zh) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-15 比尔克特韦尔克有限公司 气动驱动器和用于获取气动驱动器的功率的方法
CN105317778A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2016-02-10 杭州邦威机电控制工程有限公司 结构试验用穿心伺服作动器
CN114458654A (zh) * 2022-02-08 2022-05-10 郑州科慧科技股份有限公司 一种增加气缸行程机构

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