EP2288841A1 - Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique, notamment du gaz naturel liquéfié, à base de co2 - Google Patents
Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique, notamment du gaz naturel liquéfié, à base de co2Info
- Publication number
- EP2288841A1 EP2288841A1 EP08874268A EP08874268A EP2288841A1 EP 2288841 A1 EP2288841 A1 EP 2288841A1 EP 08874268 A EP08874268 A EP 08874268A EP 08874268 A EP08874268 A EP 08874268A EP 2288841 A1 EP2288841 A1 EP 2288841A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- fluid
- cryogenic fluid
- heat
- vaporizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 R134a Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0311—Air heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
- F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/05—Regasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0136—Terminals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for vaporizing a cryogenic fluid, in particular liquefied natural gas, comprising the steps of: supplying heat from ambient air to an intermediate heat transfer fluid in a first heat exchanger supplying heat from said intermediate fluid to the cryogenic fluid in a second heat exchanger for vaporizing the cryogenic fluid.
- the invention applies more particularly to a process intended to be implemented on vaporization or regasification terminals of the liquefied natural gas in order to vaporize said liquefied natural gas which arrives by LNG carriers in liquid form at a temperature of about 160 degrees Celsius (° C) to transform it into a gas at a temperature between + 2 ° C and + 20 ° C, this natural gas is then transported by pipelines to its place of use.
- US Pat. No. 7155917 discloses a method for vaporizing liquefied natural gas as described above in which the intermediate fluid is in liquid form and is transported in a closed-loop circuit passing through the heat exchangers by means of 'a pump.
- the intermediate fluid is used in the second heat exchanger for the vaporization of liquefied natural gas, during which it cools. It is then reheated in the first heat exchanger by ambient air pulsed from top to bottom, which cooled the ambient air.
- the formation of frost on the exchanger by condensation of the ambient humidity can be limited by a suitable air flow.
- the temperature range of the intermediate fluid that is used to vaporize the liquefied natural gas is low, therefore this process requires a large heat exchange surface and therefore the installation of an additional circuit and exchangers of which the dimensions are very important.
- Another method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas known for example from US Pat. No. 5,390,500 is to use ambient air as an intermediate fluid for vaporizing liquefied natural gas.
- this process has a low efficiency and the amplitude of air temperature that is exploitable to vaporize liquefied natural gas is low, so this process is limited to small or medium size operations.
- this method has the disadvantage that the moisture condensation of the air becomes ice when the wall temperature of the exchanger becomes negative, which implies to provide a defrosting of the exchanger.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a method and a system using an intermediate fluid to vaporize a cryogenic fluid on a large scale and which does not lead to the formation of ice.
- the subject of the invention is a process for vaporizing a cryogenic fluid, in particular liquefied natural gas, comprising the steps of: supplying heat from the ambient air to an intermediate heat transfer fluid in a first heat exchanger, provide the heat from said intermediate fluid to the cryogenic fluid in a second heat exchanger for vaporizing the cryogenic fluid, characterized in that said intermediate fluid is fed into the second heat exchanger after being compressed, and that it is fed into the first heat exchanger after being relaxed.
- the intermediate fluid which may be carbon dioxide
- the intermediate fluid may be compressed to a certain high pressure to be brought to a supercritical state, for CO 2 a pressure of between about 80 and 130 bar, and be relaxed at a pressure of between about 30 and 50 bar.
- the carbon dioxide follows a supercritical cycle.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- propane propane, R134a, R152a or R32
- ammonia or azeotropic mixtures such as ammonia water.
- CO 2 has the advantage of having a much lower global warming potential than other refrigerants, which is less polluting in the event of a leak or a release into the environment.
- CO 2 is also a natural fluid, available in large quantities, non-flammable and whose solidification temperature is about -60 0 C, which temperature is not reached by the CO 2 during the process according to the invention. invention, which prevents any risk of freezing of the second heat exchanger.
- the CO 2 also has the particularity, in the ranges of temperature and pressure used in the first heat exchanger, to be insensitive to pressure variations, that is to say that a small pressure loss does not occur. has virtually no influence on its temperature. Since it is known that all the circuits can leak, the use of CO 2 makes it possible to maintain the quasi-constant temperature in the first heat exchanger even in situations of pipe leaks.
- the intermediate fluid can also be maintained in a subcritical state, characterized by a less restrictive average compression up to pressures between 40 and 60 bar, and then expansion at a pressure between about 30 and 35 bar. With this method, the temperature of the carbon dioxide at the inlet of the second exchanger is lower, but the heat exchange coefficient at the surface of this exchanger is higher due to the condensation of the fluid.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the system of the invention.
- Figure 2 schematically shows in section a first intermediate fluid vaporization heat exchanger used in the system according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows in perspective a portion of a coaxial tube of a second cryogenic fluid vaporization heat exchanger used in the system according to the invention.
- Figure 4 shows a Mollier diagram of CO 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart indicating the steps of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a variant of the system according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of another variant of the LNG vaporization system according to the invention comprising three closed loop circuits.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a vaporization system 1 for implementing the method for vaporizing a cryogenic fluid according to the invention.
- This cryogenic fluid is in particular liquefied natural gas, but it is obvious that the vaporization system 1 could be used to vaporize another cryogenic fluid.
- the vaporization system 1 comprises a closed loop circuit 2 of an intermediate heat transfer fluid circulating in a certain direction of circulation indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 1 and which crosses, in the direction of circulation.
- A a first heat exchanger 3 between the ambient air and the intermediate fluid designed to vaporize the intermediate fluid at constant temperature, a compressor 4 of the intermediate fluid, a second heat exchanger 5 between the intermediate fluid and the cryogenic fluid to vaporize the latter and an expansion member 6 of the intermediate fluid.
- FIG. 1 shows the inlet and the outlet of the ambient air in the first heat exchanger 3 by arrows indicating AIR, and the entry into the liquid phase and the gas phase outlet of the cryogenic fluid in the second heat exchanger 5 by arrows respectively indicating L and G.
- the vaporization system 1 may furthermore comprise an intermediate fluid storage device 14 placed between the first heat exchanger 3 and the compressor 4 which makes it possible to constitute an intermediate fluid reserve in order to secure the operation of the compressor 4 and to ensure sufficient quantity of intermediate fluid at the inlet of the second heat exchanger 5.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the heat exchanger 3 for vaporizing the intermediate fluid. It comprises one or more bundles of tubes 7 arranged in several substantially parallel superimposed rows (shown in dashed lines) in which the intermediate fluid circulates and around which the ambient air circulates, the ambient air and the intermediate fluid being thus not in direct contact.
- FIG. 2 shows the flow direction A of the intermediate fluid along the tubes 7. The ambient air is drawn from the first heat exchanger 3 by one or more fans 8.
- the intermediate fluid is here injected in the liquid phase in the heat exchanger 3 through one end 9A of the tubes 7, then it boils in the tubes 7 so that it vaporizes at a quasi-constant temperature and spring in the gas phase , that is to say, vaporized, by another end 9B, which is here adjacent to the inlet end 9A of the intermediate fluid.
- the superimposed arrangement of the tubes 7 is shown in Figure 2 as a non-limiting example.
- the position of the motors and reducers of the fans 8 below the bundle of tubes 7 is given by way of non-limiting example.
- the motors and reducers of the fans 8 can be placed above the level of the tubes 7 to avoid any contact with water.
- the intermediate fluid would enter the tubes 7 through a low end 9A and out of the tubes 7 by a high end 9B having a much higher level than the end 9A.
- the tubes 7 of the heat exchanger 3 preferably comprise passage sections adapted to limit the pressure losses, depending on the liquid or gaseous state of the intermediate fluid.
- a first passage section composed of a certain number of tubes 7 of a first diameter adapted to the liquid intermediate fluid (for example a row of ten tubes 7)
- a second passage section composed of tubes 7 adapted to the intermediate fluid gas, having a diameter greater than the first diameter or the same diameter but in greater numbers (for example two rows of ten tubes 7) so as to define a larger volume.
- the tubes 7 may be made of steel, for example stainless steel or carbon steel.
- the outer fins are advantageously provided with external fins and internal fins of variable shapes (not shown), the outer fins promoting the heat exchange between the ambient air and the intermediate fluid and allowing drainage of the condensed moisture, and the internal fins promoting the boiling of the intermediate fluid by increasing the number of nucleation sites on the wall of the tubes 7, which reduces the size of the heat exchanger 3.
- the outer fins are preferably aluminum and the spacing between two consecutive fins is preferably between 1.5 mm and 3 mm to effectively drain condensed moisture.
- the shape and size of the outer fins may vary from one tube to another of the tube bundle 7.
- the internal fins may also be replaced by a dent or a structured surface of the inner wall of the tubes 7.
- the outer surface of the fins can be chemically treated to exhibit water-repellent and anti-corrosion properties in order to promote the flow of water and increase the life of the installation.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a part of the second cryogenic fluid vaporization heat exchanger 5 which is here in the form of a coaxial exchanger consisting of a set of tubes 10 each formed of two coaxial tubes 11, 12.
- the cryogenic fluid circulates in the inner tube 11 in a direction opposite to the flow direction A, indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 3, and the intermediate fluid flows in the outer tube 12 around the inner tube 11 in the direction of circulation A
- the inner tube 11 of the coaxial exchanger 10 may be equipped with fins 13 extending radially between the two tubes 11, 12 to promote heat exchange between the intermediate fluid and the cryogenic fluid.
- An insulating material (not shown) may be disposed around the outer tube 12 to limit the heat exchange with the ambient air and therefore the heat losses.
- the second heat exchanger 5 may also be in the form of a shell-type heat exchanger (not shown), or plate type (not shown), in a manner generally known to those skilled in the art, each comprising different passage sections adapted to the density fluids passing through it (in liquid or gaseous form in the supercritical state). In these exchangers, the respective circulations of the intermediate fluid and the cryogenic fluid are also countercurrent to improve heat exchange between the two fluids.
- the second heat exchanger 5, whatever its shape, is preferably made of nickel-enriched steel so as to withstand high temperature variations.
- the compressor 4 is chosen as a function of the heat load, the pressure and temperature ranges and the flow rate of the intermediate fluid among commercial compressors developed recently, for example by DORIN, and adapted for the compression of the intermediate fluid in the ranges. process pressure and temperature, and in particular for compressing supercritical carbon dioxide from a temperature of between about -10 0 C and + 15 ° C at a temperature between about +100 0 C and +150 0 C.
- the expansion member 6 may be a mechanically or electronically regulated valve.
- the intermediate heat transfer fluid may advantageously be carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) whose thermodynamic properties make it possible to optimize the operation of the vaporization system 1 and in particular to very strongly reduce the exchange surface.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- heat of the second heat exchanger 5 necessary for the vaporization of the cryogenic fluid considering for CO 2 , an inlet temperature in the second exchanger 5 of + 150 ° C and an outlet temperature of the exchanger 5 of 0 0 C, and for the cryogenic fluid, an inlet temperature in the exchanger 5 of -160 0 C and an outlet temperature of the exchanger 5 of + 2 ° C, the difference of logarithmic temperature characterizing the exchange is 154 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows the Mollier CO 2 diagram in which is drawn a typical example of the cycle of steps corresponding to the process according to the invention and indicating the state of the CO 2 at each stage, as illustrated. in Figure 5.
- the LNG vaporization process according to the invention therefore comprises a cycle which begins at stage 51 by a first heat transfer in the first heat exchanger 3 consisting of supplying the CO 2 with the heat of the ambient air introduced into the the heat exchanger 3 at a temperature of between + 3 ° C. and + 50 ° C., the CO 2 being at the inlet 9A in the exchanger 3 in the liquid phase at a temperature of between approximately -10 ° C. and + 15 ° C.
- the heat transfer from the ambient air to the CO 2 makes it possible to vaporize the CO 2 at constant temperature and pressure, as can be seen in FIG. exchanger 3 is therefore cooled.
- the CO 2 is at a pressure of between approximately 30 and 50 bar, and always at a temperature of between approximately -10 ° C. and + 15 ° C., which implies that, even if the humidity of the ambient air condenses on the surface of the heat exchanger 3, the risks of freezing are very limited or even eliminated.
- the CO 2 undergoes in the first heat exchanger 3 a phase change (from its liquid phase to a gaseous phase) which provides several advantages. First, it greatly increases the heat exchange between ambient air and CO 2 .
- the CO 2 in its gaseous phase can be accumulated in step 52 in the accumulator device 14, whose size is adapted to the volume of the intermediate fluid loop 2, before being compressed in step 53 to a pressure of between about 80 and 130 bar, to be heated to a temperature between about + 10O 0 C and +150 0 C as can be seen in Figure 4.
- the CO 2 pressure then being greater than the critical pressure, CO 2 is in its supercritical form.
- the supercritical CO 2 is brought to step 54 in the heat exchanger 5 to supply its heat to the LNG entering the liquid phase L (see FIG.
- step 55 the CO 2 is expanded to constant enthalpy up to a pressure of between approximately 30 and 50 bar in the expansion member 6, as can be seen in FIG. 2 at the end of the expansion step 55 is regulated so as to obtain a CO 2 temperature of between about -10 ° C and + 15 ° C.
- the process continues in a loop by returning to step 51.
- the CO 2 temperature varies between about +150 0 C and -10 0 C during a cycle, which is largely above the solidification temperature of CO 2 which is about -60 ° C , thus making it possible to prevent any risk of freezing of the CO 2 in the second heat exchanger 5.
- the loss related to the low temperature amplitude exploitable on the air can be advantageously compensated by an increase in the flow of intermediate fluid in the circuit 2 on the one hand and the flow of the fans 8 circulating the ambient air in the first exchanger heat 3 on the other hand.
- the process according to the invention is therefore exploitable for an ambient air temperature of between about + 3 ° C. and + 50 ° C.
- an additional heating loop (not shown) of the intermediate fluid can be provided.
- the air cooled at the outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 may advantageously be used in another exchanger for cooling a working fluid (for example water) of a power generation system ( from a gas turbine for example).
- a working fluid for example water
- a power generation system from a gas turbine for example.
- FIG. 6 shows a variant of the vaporization system according to the invention comprising an internal exchanger 15 interposed between the (intermediate fluid) outlet of the exchanger 5 (ie on the high pressure CO 2 circuit upstream of the 6) and the outlet (of intermediate fluid) of the exchanger 3 (either on the low pressure CO 2 circuit upstream of the compressor 4).
- This exchanger 15 makes it possible to improve the coefficient of performance of the CO 2 loop by increasing the amount of usable energy for the heat exchange (this can be understood by the difference of greater exploitable enthalpy when this exchanger is present in the loop) relative to the energy used for fluid compression.
- this exchanger 15 allows the CO 2 to enter the compressor 4 at a higher temperature (of the order of 10 to 20 0 C) and therefore for the same compression ratio, to leave the compressor at a temperature more important (of the order of 10 to 20 0 C).
- the internal exchanger 15 may be a coaxial exchanger as shown in Figure 3 with a flow of fluids against the current. The CO 2 at the highest pressure is ideally introduced into the central tube while the low pressure CO 2 flows through the outer tube surrounding the central tube.
- FIG. 7 shows another variant of the vaporization system 1 according to the invention comprising three closed loop CO 2 circuits 2 , 20, 30 of the intermediate heat transfer fluid, here CO 2 , circulating, in each loop, in a certain direction of circulation indicated respectively by the arrows A, A2, A3.
- the CO 2 passes, in the same manner as previously described in connection with FIG. 1, in the flow direction A, firstly the first heat exchanger 3, then the compressor 4, the second heat exchanger 5 and the expansion member 6.
- the passage of the ambient air in the first heat exchanger 3 is represented by an arrow indicating AIR
- the entry into the liquid or supercritical phase and the gas phase output of the cryogenic fluid, here LNG, in the second heat exchanger 5 are represented by arrows respectively indicating L and G.
- this first circuit 2 is to vaporize the LNG by exchanging heat with compressed CO 2 in the compressor 4 and to obtain LNG with a positive outlet temperature G, like the process described above in connection with the figure 5.
- a second closed-loop CO 2 circuit 20 upstream of the first CO 2 circuit 2 the CO 2 passes, in the flow direction A2, a fourth heat exchanger 21 between the ambient air and the CO 2 , a fifth heat exchanger 23 between the CO 2 and the LNG, and a pump 24 of electric type or other.
- the CO 2 is fed from the fourth heat exchanger 21 to the fifth heat exchanger 23 by conventional ducts, known as such to those skilled in the art.
- the fifth heat exchanger 23 is here connected in series with the second heat exchanger 5 to preheat the LNG, the LNG inlet (in liquid or supercritical phase) in the fifth heat exchanger 23 being shown in FIG.
- This second circuit 20 preheats the LNG by heat exchange with CO 2 with low power consumption and optimized cost. LNG arrives at L in the first circuit 2, which makes it possible to reduce the CO 2 compression range necessary to reach a pressure and a CO 2 temperature sufficient to vaporize the LNG.
- a third closed loop CO 2 circuit 30 upstream of the second CO 2 circuit 20, the CO 2 passes, in the direction of circulation A3, a sixth heat exchanger 31 between the ambient air and the CO 2 , a turbine 33 adapted to use a CO 2 pressure difference to produce electrical energy, a seventh heat exchanger 34 between the CO 2 and the LNG, and a pump 35 of electrical type or other.
- the seventh heat exchanger 34 is here connected in series with the fifth heat exchanger 23 to carry out another preheating of the LNG, the entry of the LNG (in the liquid phase) into the seventh heat exchanger 34 being represented in FIG. an arrow indicating L3 and the exit of the heated LNG (in liquid or supercritical phase) being indicated by the arrow L2.
- This third circuit 30 makes it possible to preheat the LNG while using the CO2 pressure difference in the cycle to turn the turbine 33 and produce electrical energy, which will be used in various parts of the system 1 (pumps, compressors , fans, etc.).
- each circuit 2, 20, 30, the ambient air is drawn into the heat exchangers 3, 31, 31 by respective fans 8, 22, 32 at the arrows indicating AIR in FIG.
- FIG. 8 which represents the Mollier CO 2 diagram
- three cycles of steps C1, C2, and C3 of the vaporization process according to the invention are described when it is implemented in an illustrated system. in FIG. 7 comprising three closed-loop circuits 2, 20, 30, using CO 2 as an intermediate fluid and LNG as a cryogenic fluid.
- the vaporization system 1 preferably operates with the three closed-loop circuits 2, 20, 30, but can also operate with only the first and the second closed-loop circuits 2, 20, or with the first circuit 2 alone as will be specified below.
- the liquid LNG is introduced first into the third circuit 30 at a temperature of about -160 ° C. and a pressure of about 90 bars in the seventh heat exchanger 34, at the level of the arrow L3 in FIG. to be heated by heat exchange with the CO 2 in the exchanger 34 to a temperature between -55 ° C and -30 0 C output L2, the LNG is then in a supercritical state.
- the CO 2 undergoes a cycle C1 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 8) beginning at step 81 by a heat transfer in the heat exchanger 31 consisting in supplying the CO 2 at the inlet of the exchanger 31 in the liquid phase at a temperature between about -5 ° C. and 0 ° C. and at a pressure of between 30 and 35 bar, of the heat of the ambient air introduced into the exchanger of heat 31 at a temperature of at least + 5 ° C.
- This step 81 like step 51 previously described, aims to vaporize the CO 2 at constant temperature and pressure, as can be seen in FIG. 8, the air leaving the exchanger 31 being consequently cooled.
- the gaseous CO 2 is fed into the turbine 33 in which the CO 2 undergoes in step 82 a pressure drop of between about 7 and 15 bars and a temperature drop of 'to between -
- the gaseous CO 2 is fed into the seventh heat exchanger 34 to supply heat and, in step 83, to heat the liquid LNG input to L3 in the exchanger 34.
- the CO 2 passes from the gaseous state to a liquid state, at constant temperature and pressure.
- step 84 the CO 2 is pumped towards the sixth exchanger 31, so that its pressure increases to between about 30 and 35 bar and its temperature increases to between about -5 ° C. and 0 ° C. 0 C, and the CO 2 is in the liquid state.
- the process continues in a loop by returning to step 81.
- the CO 2 undergoes a cycle C2 (shown in solid lines in FIG. 8) beginning in step 91, as in step 81 previously described, by a transfer of heat in the fourth exchanger heat 21 of providing CO 2 with the heat of the ambient air introduced into the heat exchanger 21 at a temperature of at least + 5 ° C, the CO 2 being liquid at the inlet of the exchanger 21 at a temperature between about -5 ° C and 0 ° C, and a pressure between 30 and 35 bar.
- This step 91 makes it possible to vaporize the CO 2 at constant temperature and pressure, the air leaving the exchanger 21 being cooled.
- the CO 2 in the gaseous phase is brought to the stage 92 to the fifth heat exchanger 23 in ducts in which the CO 2 undergoes a slight loss of pressure up to about 25 bars and 33 bars, and a drop in temperature to between - 10 0 C and -2 ° C.
- the CO 2 provides heat and warms in step 93 the liquid LNG entered at L2 in the exchanger 23.
- the CO 2 changes from the gaseous state to a liquid state, at constant temperature and pressure.
- step 94 the CO 2 is pumped towards the fourth exchanger 21 and goes from the gaseous state to the liquid state, its pressure increases to between about 30 and 35 bar and its temperature increases to at about -5 ° C to 0 ° C. The process continues in a loop back to step 91.
- the supercritical LNG leaves the fifth L-shaped heat exchanger 23 at a temperature between about -15 ° C and -7 ° C to be conducted in the first circuit 2 where it is heated and vaporized by exchange of heat.
- heat with CO 2 in the second heat exchanger 5 up reach a temperature between 0 ° C and + 15 ° C at the output G of the heat exchanger 5.
- the CO 2 undergoes a cycle C3 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 8) starting at step 101, as in step 81 or 91 previously described, by a transfer of heat in the first exchanger of heat 3 consisting of supplying the CO 2 with the heat of the ambient air introduced into the heat exchanger 3 at a temperature of at least + 5 ° C., the CO 2 being liquid at the inlet of the exchanger 3 at a temperature between about -5 ° C and 0 ° C, and a pressure between 30 and 35 bar.
- This step 101 makes it possible to vaporize the CO 2 at constant temperature and pressure, the air leaving the exchanger 3 being cooled.
- the CO 2 gas phase is compressed in step 102 to a pressure between about 40 and 60 bar, to be heated to a temperature between about 5 ° C and 20 0 C.
- the CO 2 is then brought into the heat exchanger 5 to provide at step 103 of the LNG heat input L at a temperature of about -15 ° C, in an amount such that the LNG is vaporized and heated to a temperature between about 0 ° C. and + 15 ° C. at outlet G of exchanger 5.
- the CO 2 changes from the gaseous state to a liquid state, at constant temperature and pressure.
- the CO 2 is fed to the expansion element 6 to be expanded in step 104 with constant enthalpy to a pressure of between about 30 and 35 bar, and a temperature of between about -5 ° C. and 0 ° C. 0 C. the process continues by looping back to step 101.
- the CO 2 can also undergo a so-called supercritical cycle as described above in relation to FIG. 4.
- the pressure of the LNG is regulated so as to remain quasi-constant and only decreases from about 90 bars at the inlet L3 of the third circuit 30 to about 88 bars at the output G of the first circuit 2 .
- the advantage of this process in three successive cycles C1, C2, C3 is that it allows, by decreasing the CO 2 compression range at step 102 (compared to step 53 of the method described above in relation to with Figure 5), greatly reduce the electrical energy consumption in the C3 cycle.
- the circuit C2 makes it possible to bring LNG to a relatively high temperature in the circuit C3 to allow this reduction in CO 2 compression.
- the advantage of the circuit C1 is that it allows part of the CO 2 energy to be used to produce electricity, which reduces the energy dependence of the other circuits.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in only the circuits C2, C3 with the same pressure and temperature ranges for the CO 2 at each stage.
- the LNG is introduced directly into L2 in the fifth heat exchanger 23 of the circuit C2 at a temperature of about -160 0 C, and L-spring at a temperature of about -15 ° C to -7 ° C before being introduced into the second heat exchanger 5.
- the C2 circuit being a circuit without compressor, with a conventional pump 24, the total cost of the circuits C2 and C3 is advantageous compared to the circuit C3 alone. It is also possible to implement the process according to the invention in circuit C3 only with the same pressure and temperature ranges for the CO 2 at each stage.
- the LNG is introduced directly into L in the second heat exchanger 5 of the circuit C3 at a temperature of approximately -160 ° C., and vaporized spring in G at a temperature of approximately 0 ° C. to + 15 ° C. vs.
- This method allows a lower energy consumption than the method described above in relation to FIGS. 1 and 4 which requires compression of the CO 2 at at least about 80 bar.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0853203A FR2931222B1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 | 2008-05-16 | Systeme et procede de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogenique, notamment du gaz naturel liquefie, a base de co2 |
| PCT/FR2008/052411 WO2009138579A1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 | 2008-12-23 | Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique, notamment du gaz naturel liquéfié, à base de co2 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2288841A1 true EP2288841A1 (fr) | 2011-03-02 |
| EP2288841B1 EP2288841B1 (fr) | 2012-10-10 |
Family
ID=39739674
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08874268A Not-in-force EP2288841B1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 | 2008-12-23 | Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique, notamment du gaz naturel liquéfié, à base de co2 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100313578A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2288841B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2931222B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009138579A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015132966A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Dispositif à cycle de réfrigération |
| JP2016102554A (ja) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 液化ガス用気化装置 |
| DE102017007009A1 (de) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | Eco ice Kälte GmbH | Kälteversorgungsanlage, gekoppelt an die Regasifizierungseinrichtung eines Liquified Natural Gas Terminals |
| DE102020001338A1 (de) * | 2020-02-29 | 2021-09-02 | REGASCOLD GmbH | Wärmeübertrager für die Rückgewinnung von Kälteleistung aus der Regasifizierung tiefkalter verflüssigter Gase |
| US12253023B1 (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2025-03-18 | General Electric Company | Turbine engine including a gas path component having a hydrophobic coating |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6755509B2 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2004-06-29 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Thermal ink jet printhead with suspended beam heater |
| US7155917B2 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2007-01-02 | Mustang Engineering L.P. (A Wood Group Company) | Apparatus and methods for converting a cryogenic fluid into gas |
| FR2882129A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Installation de regazeification de gaz naturel liquefie |
| US8069677B2 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2011-12-06 | Woodside Energy Ltd. | Regasification of LNG using ambient air and supplemental heat |
| US8887513B2 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2014-11-18 | Kellogg Brown & Root Llc | Three-shell cryogenic fluid heater |
| CA2686850A1 (fr) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Regazeification du gnl et generation de puissance |
-
2008
- 2008-05-16 FR FR0853203A patent/FR2931222B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-23 WO PCT/FR2008/052411 patent/WO2009138579A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-23 EP EP08874268A patent/EP2288841B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-12-23 US US12/515,227 patent/US20100313578A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009138579A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100313578A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| WO2009138579A1 (fr) | 2009-11-19 |
| FR2931222B1 (fr) | 2014-02-21 |
| FR2931222A1 (fr) | 2009-11-20 |
| EP2288841B1 (fr) | 2012-10-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3355019B1 (fr) | Dispositif de refroidissement | |
| EP2365192B1 (fr) | Dispositif de contrôle du fluide de travail circulant dans un circuit fermé fonctionnant selon un cycle de Rankine et procédé pour un tel dispositif | |
| EP3433557B1 (fr) | Système de traitement d'un gaz issu de l'évaporation d'un liquide cryogénique et d'alimentation en gaz sous pression d'un moteur à gaz | |
| EP2288841B1 (fr) | Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique, notamment du gaz naturel liquéfié, à base de co2 | |
| FR2808869A1 (fr) | Condenseur de type a sous-refroidissement | |
| EP2381072B1 (fr) | Circuit fermé fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel circuit | |
| FR3016025A1 (fr) | Combinaison d'une unite de stockage d'energie par air comprime et d'une centrale thermique | |
| WO2017012718A1 (fr) | Chauffe-eau thermodynamique utilisant une quantité réduite de fluide frigorigène | |
| FR2823839A1 (fr) | Echangeur de chaleur | |
| WO2010040940A1 (fr) | Procede de regazeification du gaz naturel liquefie avec de l'air ambiant prealablement deshumidifie | |
| EP3359794B1 (fr) | Dispositif de lubrification d'un palier recevant un arbre rotatif d'un élément d'un circuit fermé fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procédé utilisant un tel dispositif | |
| EP2417411B1 (fr) | Procede et systeme frigorifique pour la recuperation de la froideur du methane par des fluides frigorigenes | |
| WO2011055045A1 (fr) | Système de vaporisation d'un fluide cryogénique avec des échangeurs centralisés | |
| FR3060714A1 (fr) | Dispositif de generation de vapeur utilisant une source de chaleur a basse temperature | |
| BE875118A (fr) | Procede et appareil en vue de vaporiser du gaz naturel liquefie | |
| FR2909440A1 (fr) | Installation de pompe a chaleur a rendement ameliore, utilisant une serie d'echanges avec un fluide exterieur introduit en amont du detenteur | |
| EP4330603B1 (fr) | Pompe a chaleur et dispositif de stockage d'energie a changement de phase | |
| FR3001794A1 (fr) | Sous-refroidisseur actif pour systeme de climatisation | |
| FR2988823A1 (fr) | Echangeur thermique muni de deux circuits de circulation de fluide frigorigene et dispositif thermodynamique comportant un tel echangeur thermique | |
| FR2819344A1 (fr) | Vehicule comportant une batterie d'accumulateurs refroidie par un dispositif de climatisation | |
| BE902120A (fr) | Procede et installation de chauffage d'air de sechage essentiellement par recuperation de l'enthalpie contenue dans l'air humide sortant de l'appareil de sechage. | |
| FR3145975A3 (fr) | Dispositif et installation de réchauffage d’un flux de fluide cryogénique et procédé de vaporisation correspondant | |
| FR3136273A1 (fr) | Dispositif autonome de refroidissement d’un processus industriel, notament d’un centre de traitement de données, et centre de traitement de données utilisant ledit dispositif | |
| FR2580064A1 (en) | Method and installation for heating drying air essentially by recovering the enthalpy contained in the humid air leaving the drying apparatus | |
| FR3079918A1 (fr) | Dispositif reversible de recuperation d'energie calorifique. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20101216 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20110419 |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 579134 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20121015 Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602008019353 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20121206 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 579134 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130121 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130110 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130210 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130211 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130111 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: GEA BATIGNOLLES TECHNOLOGIES THERMIQUES Effective date: 20121231 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130110 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121231 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20130711 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130110 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20130830 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121231 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602008019353 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20130702 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121231 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121231 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130702 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121223 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130102 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130110 Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20121010 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121223 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20081223 |