EP2287865B1 - Device for preventing explosions in an electrical transformer - Google Patents

Device for preventing explosions in an electrical transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2287865B1
EP2287865B1 EP10011581A EP10011581A EP2287865B1 EP 2287865 B1 EP2287865 B1 EP 2287865B1 EP 10011581 A EP10011581 A EP 10011581A EP 10011581 A EP10011581 A EP 10011581A EP 2287865 B1 EP2287865 B1 EP 2287865B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
tank
reservoir
transformer
depressurization chamber
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EP10011581A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2287865A2 (en
EP2287865A3 (en
Inventor
Philippe Magnier
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Individual
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Priority to PL10011581T priority Critical patent/PL2287865T3/en
Publication of EP2287865A2 publication Critical patent/EP2287865A2/en
Publication of EP2287865A3 publication Critical patent/EP2287865A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2287865B1 publication Critical patent/EP2287865B1/en
Priority to CY20121101118T priority patent/CY1113390T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of prevention against the explosion of electrical transformers cooled by a volume of combustible fluid.
  • An insulation fault causes, firstly, a large electric arc that causes an action of electrical protection systems that trigger the transformer power cell (circuit breaker).
  • the electric arc also causes a consequent diffusion of energy which generates a release of gas by decomposition of the dielectric oil, in particular hydrogen and acetylene.
  • the explosions are due to insulation failures due to short circuits caused by overloads, overvoltages, progressive deterioration of the insulation, insufficient oil level, the appearance of water or mildew or failure of an insulating component.
  • silicone hulls can be used instead of conventional mineral oils.
  • the explosion of the transformer tank due to the increase of the internal pressure is delayed only by an extremely short duration, of the order of a few milliseconds. This duration does not allow to implement means to avoid the explosion.
  • the document WO-A-00/57438 discloses a fast-opening rupture element for a device for preventing the explosion of an electrical transformer.
  • the document JP05029155 which describes the preamble of claim 1, relates to a jacketed transformer whose inner casing is provided with pressure release elements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved device for extremely rapid decompression of the vessel to further increase the probability of safeguarding the integrity of the vessel. transformers, tap changers and traverses while implementing simple shaped parts.
  • the device for preventing the explosion of an electric transformer provided with a tank filled with combustible cooling fluid comprises a pressure release element disposed on an outlet of the tank for decompressing the tank, a tank arranged downstream of the pressure release member and at least one manual release valve mounted at the outlet of the reservoir so that the reservoir is sealed to collect fluid passed through the pressure release member.
  • the prevention device further comprises a depressurization chamber (16) disposed between the pressure release element (15) and the reservoir, a pipe (17) mounted between the depressurization chamber (16) and the reservoir ( 18), a booster tank (8) in communication with the tank (2) via a pipe (9), and a pipe (56) connecting the pipe (9) and an upper part of the pipe (17).
  • the fluid that can be a mixture of liquid and gas has a risk of ignition when the supply of oxygen is sufficient to meet the conditions of ignition and explosion.
  • certain components of this fluid can be harmful to humans and / or the environment, especially in a confined atmosphere.
  • an automatic pressure release element is mounted at the outlet of the reservoir.
  • the pressure release member may include a valve that may open when a pressure cap is exceeded to prevent an explosion of the tank. The release by the valve is then limited to the necessary amount of fluid to regain a lower pressure than the trigger cap of said valve.
  • An additional conduit may be disposed downstream of the pressure relief member. The additional line directs the fluid to the most appropriate location.
  • the additional pipe may be equipped with a cooling means. The temperature of the fluid can be reduced before its escape, resulting in a reduction of the risk of ignition.
  • the tank may be equipped with a cooling means, for example in the form of a gas expander.
  • a flame arresting element is mounted on the additional pipe.
  • the flame arresting element may be in the form of a fluid valve preventing an entry of oxygen into the pipe.
  • the flame arresting element may also comprise a piece capable of closing off said pipe during the presence of a flame.
  • the pressure release element may also comprise a solenoid valve controlled by an external control unit or a temperature sensor adjacent to said valve, capable of controlling the closing of said solenoid valve in the presence of a combustion.
  • the tank can be equipped with a cooling means.
  • the device comprises a vacuum pump connected to the reservoir. It can thus put the reservoir in strong depression relative to the ambient atmosphere and the normal pressure in the transformer tank, which facilitates decompression of the tank and reduces the amount of oxygen present in the tank.
  • the device comprises a gas pump and an auxiliary reservoir.
  • the gas pump is arranged between the reservoir and the auxiliary reservoir and makes it possible to transfer, for example with nitrogen flushing simultaneously with pumping, combustible and / or toxic gases from the reservoir to the auxiliary reservoir which can then be isolated tank and gas pump.
  • the gas pump may include a compressor and the auxiliary reservoir may include a pressure vessel. Toxic combustible gases can thus be stored in a reduced volume.
  • the device comprises a depressurization chamber disposed between the pressure release element and the reservoir.
  • the depressurization chamber has an extremely low pressure drop and can be disposed immediately downstream of the pressure release element so as to allow rapid decompression of the transformer vessel.
  • the tank can be located at a distance from the depressurization chamber much higher than the distance between the transformer tank and the depressurization chamber.
  • the depressurization chamber may be in the form of a tube portion of diameter much larger than the diameter of the pipe.
  • the depressurization chamber may advantageously be provided to withstand higher pressures and mechanical forces than those for which the reservoir is sized.
  • the pressure release member comprises a perforated rigid disk and a sealing membrane.
  • the pressure release member may also include a slotted disc.
  • the disks can be bulged in the direction of fluid flow.
  • the split disc may comprise a plurality of petals separated from each other by substantially radial slots. The petals are connected to an annular portion of the disk and are capable of being supported on each other by means of attachment lugs to withstand a pressure outside the vessel of the transformer greater than the internal pressure.
  • the perforated rigid disk may be provided with a plurality of through holes disposed near the center of said disk and from which radial slots extend.
  • the waterproofing membrane may consist of a thin layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the slotted disk may include a plurality of portions capable of abutting each other upon thrust in an axial direction.
  • the pressure release member further comprises a protective disk of the waterproofing membrane, the protective disk comprising a precut sheet.
  • the protective disk can be made from a sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene thicker than the waterproofing membrane.
  • the precut may be in the form of a portion of a circle.
  • the perforated rigid disk may comprise a plurality of radial slots, distinct from each other.
  • the device comprises a plurality of pressure release elements intended to be connected to a plurality of transformers.
  • a single tank can thus be used to prevent the explosion of a plurality of transformers, each transformer being associated with at least one pressure release element.
  • the device may include a rupture detection means integrated with the pressure release member, thereby detecting the pressure of the vessel relative to a predetermined pressure release ceiling.
  • the rupture detecting means may comprise an electric wire capable of breaking at the same time as the pressure release element.
  • the electrical wire may be bonded to the pressure release member, preferably on the opposite side of the fluid.
  • the electric wire may be covered with a protective film.
  • the device may include a plurality of pressure release members adapted to be connected to a plurality of oil capacities of at least one transformer.
  • the method for preventing the explosion of an electric transformer provided with a tank filled with a combustible cooling fluid comprises a decompression of the tank carried out by a pressure release element, a collection of fluid passed through the heating element. pressure relief provided by an airtight tank, and a gas withdrawal performed by at least one manually triggered valve.
  • the explosion prevention device is adapted for the main tank of a transformer, for the tank of the on-load changers, and for the tank of the electric bushings, the latter tank being also called “oil box" .
  • the purpose of the electrical bushings is to isolate the main tank of a transformer from the high and low voltage lines to which windings of the transformer are connected via output leads.
  • Each output conductor is surrounded by an oil box containing a some amount of isolation fluid.
  • the isolation fluid of the bushings and / or oil boxes is an oil different from that of the transformer. It is possible to provide a nitrogen injection means connected to the transformer tank and capable of being triggered after detection of a fault manually or automatically. Nitrogen injection can promote the evacuation of combustible gases from the transformer tank to the tank and possibly to the auxiliary tank.
  • the explosion prevention device may be provided with means for detecting the triggering of the transformer supply cell and a control box which receives the signals emitted by the transformer's sensor means and which is capable of emit the control signals.
  • the probability of escape of combustible and / or toxic fluid outside the device is greatly reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the risks of ignition of said gases or of intoxication of an operator who is find in the neighborhood.
  • the explosion prevention device is particularly well suited for electrical transformers located in confined areas, for example tunnels, mines or underground in urban areas.
  • the transformer 1 comprises a tank 2 resting on the ground 3 by means of feet 4 and is supplied with electrical energy by electrical lines 5 surrounded by insulators 6.
  • the tank 2 comprises a body 2a and a cover 2b.
  • the tank 2 is filled with cooling fluid 7, for example, dielectric oil.
  • cooling fluid 7 for example, dielectric oil.
  • the transformer 1 is provided with a makeup tank 8 in communication with the tank 2 via a pipe 9.
  • the pipe 9 is provided with an automatic valve 10 which closes the pipe 9 as soon as it detects a rapid movement of the fluid 7.
  • an automatic valve 10 which closes the pipe 9 as soon as it detects a rapid movement of the fluid 7.
  • the tank 2 is also provided with one or more cables 11 of fire detection.
  • a fire detection cable 11 is mounted above the tank 2 and is supported by studs 12 resting on the lid 2b. A distance of a few centimeters separates the cable 11 from the cover 2b.
  • the cable 11 may comprise two wires separated by a synthetic membrane with a low melting point, the two wires coming into contact after the fusion of the membrane.
  • the cable 11 may be arranged along a rectangular path near the edges of the tank 2.
  • the tank 2 may comprise a sensor for the presence of vapor of the cooling fluid also called buchholz mounted at a high point of the tank 2, in general on the pipe 9.
  • An electrical insulation breakage causes the release of vapor from the fluid 7 in the tank 2.
  • a steam sensor can be used to detect a break in the electrical insulation with a certain delay.
  • the transformer 1 is supplied via a power supply cell, not shown, which comprises power cutoff means such as circuit breakers and which is provided with triggering sensors.
  • the prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a high point of the body 2a, a rupture element 15 whose bursting allows to detect without delay the pressure variation due to the rupture of the electrical insulation of the transformer, and two elastic sleeves 14 vibration absorbers, one being disposed between the valve 13 and the rupture element 15.
  • the prevention device also comprises a depressurization chamber 16 of diameter greater than that of the rupture element 15, mounted downstream of the rupture element 15 and a discharge pipe 17 supported by a reservoir 18 intended to collect the fluids coming from the tank 2 after bursting of the rupture element 15 and to separate the liquid fraction of the gaseous fraction.
  • the pipe 17 is mounted between the depressurization chamber 16 and the tank 18.
  • the other elastic sleeve 14 is mounted between the depressurization chamber 16 and the pipe 17.
  • the reservoir 18 may be equipped with cooling fins 18a.
  • the tank 18 is equipped with a pipe 19 for evacuation of gases from the oil.
  • the pipe 19 can be connected temporarily to a mobile tank to drain the tank 18.
  • the tank 2 is thus depressurized immediately and subsequently partially emptied into the tank 18.
  • the rupture element 15 can be provided to open at a lower pressure. determined pressure lower than 1 bar, for example between 0.6 and 1.6 bar, preferably between 0.8 and 1.4 bar.
  • a valve 20 is disposed in the pipe 19 to prevent the entry of oxygen from the air which could supply the combustion of gases and that of the oil in the tank 18 and in the tank 2. and to prevent the uncontrolled exit of gas or liquid.
  • the valve 20 can be manual or motorized with manual control.
  • the valve 20 is constantly closed to maintain the hermetic container, except when emptying the tank 18 of the gases therein, or that the gas is purged.
  • the tank 2 comprises means for cooling the fluid 7 by injecting an inert gas such as nitrogen into the bottom of the tank 2.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • the inert gas is stored in a pressure tank provided with a valve, an expansion valve or a pressure reducer and a pipe 21 bringing the gas up to the tank 2.
  • the pressure tank is housed in a cabinet 22.
  • the cable 11, the rupture element 15. the steam sensor, the trip sensors, the valve 13 and the shutter 20 are connected to a control box 23 intended to control the operation of the device.
  • the control unit 23 is provided with information processing means receiving the signals of the different sensors and capable of transmitting control signals, in particular from the valve 20.
  • valve 13 In normal operation, the valve 13 is open and the rupture element 15 intact, that is to say closed.
  • the valve 20 is also closed.
  • the valve 13 can be closed for maintenance, the transformer 1 being stopped.
  • the elastic sleeve 14 is able to absorb the vibrations of the transformer 1 that occur during its operation and during a short-circuit, to avoid transmitting the vibrations to other elements, in particular to the breaking element 15
  • the depressurization chamber 16 allows a large pressure drop during the bursting of the rupture element 15 thanks to extremely reduced pressure drops.
  • the pressure in the tank 2 decreases.
  • a jet of gas and / or liquid passes through the rupture element 15 and spreads in the depressurization chamber 16, then flows in the pipe 17 to the reservoir 18.
  • the role of the depressurization chamber 16 may to be particularly important in the first milliseconds following bursting of the rupture element 15.
  • an injection of inert gas for example nitrogen
  • inert gas for example nitrogen
  • the injection of inert gas can be initiated from a few minutes to a few hours after bursting of the rupture member 15, preferably a settling time sufficient for gases and liquids to separate properly is provided.
  • Said combustible gas is evacuated to the reservoir 18.
  • a mobile tank can be brought into connection with the pipe 19 to receive the fluids present in the tank 18 after opening the valve 20.
  • the tank 18 can be purged with an inert gas.
  • the inert gas reservoir is provided to be able to inject inert gas during a duration of the order of 45 minutes, which can be useful for cooling the oil and hot parts by mixing the oil, and thus stop the production of gases by decomposition of the oil.
  • the transformer 1 may be equipped with one or more support changers 25 serving as interfaces between said transformer 1 and the electrical network to which it is connected to ensure a constant voltage despite variations in the current supplied to the network.
  • the tap changer 25 is connected by a drain line 26 to the pipe 17 for emptying. Indeed, the load changer 25 is also cooled by a flammable cooling fluid. Due to its high mechanical strength, the explosion of an on-load changer is extremely violent and can be accompanied by the projection of jets of inflamed cooling fluid.
  • the pipe 26 is provided with a pressure release element 27 capable of tearing in the event of a short-circuit and therefore of excess pressure inside the on-load tap-changer 25. This prevents the explosion of the tank of said on - load changer 25.
  • the depressurization chamber 16 rests on four dampers 28 supported by a bracket 29 fixed to the body 2a of the tank 2. Mechanical insulation is thus created between the vibrations from the transformer 1 during normal operation and the depressurization chamber 16, d 'a part, and between the deformation of the transformer 1 during an insulation failure, on the other hand.
  • the prevention device further comprises a vacuum pump 30 connected to the reservoir 18 by a pipe.
  • the reservoir 18 may be provided with a cooling system 18b, for example by expansion of nitrogen.
  • the vacuum pump 30 is actuated and makes a partial vacuum of the reservoir 18, and is then stopped.
  • the mass of gas issuing from the tank 2 after bursting of the rupture element 15 which can be stored in the tank 18 is increased at equal maximum pressure. Depressurization can be facilitated.
  • the tank can be of reduced volume resulting in a saving of space.
  • the prevention device further comprises a gas pump 31 connected to the pipe 17 or the tank 18 and opening into a bottle 32 resistant to pressure.
  • the gas pump 31 After bursting of the rupture element 15, and the flow of a sufficient duration for the cooling of the gases, the gas pump 31 is put into operation and carries out a pumping of the gases present in the reservoir 18.
  • the reservoir 18 can be emptied of the gas it contains, said gas can be a mixture of inert gas and combustible gas.
  • the bottle 32 can easily be removed and transported remotely. This embodiment particularly suitable for transformers installed in mines or tunnels.
  • the rupture element 15 is of convex curved circular shape and is intended to be mounted on an outlet orifice, not shown, of a tank 2 held tight between two flanges 33, 34 in the form of disks.
  • the release member 15 comprises a retaining portion 35 in the form of a thin metal web, for example stainless steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy.
  • the thickness of the retaining portion 35 may be between 0.05 and 0.25 mm.
  • the retaining portion 35 is provided with radial striations 36 dividing it into several portions.
  • the radial striations 36 are formed recessed in the thickness of the retaining portion 35 so that a break is made by tearing the retaining portion 35 at its center and without fragmentation to prevent fragments of the element.
  • release members 15 are torn off and displaced by the fluid passing through the release member 15 and may deteriorate a pipe located downstream.
  • the retaining portion 35 is provided with through holes 37 of very small diameter distributed one by streak 36 near the center. In other words, several holes 37 are arranged in hexagon.
  • the holes 37 form low strength tear primers and ensure that the tear begins in the center of the retaining portion 35.
  • the formation of at least one streak hole 36 ensures that the streaks 36 will separate simultaneously providing the cross section. crossing the strongest possible. Alternatively, one could consider a number of streaks 36 different from six, and / or several holes 37 by streak 36.
  • the sealing coating 50 is capable of closing the holes 37.
  • the bursting pressure of the loosening member 15 is determined, in particular, by the diameter and position of the holes 37, the depth of the grooves 36, the thickness and the composition of the material forming the holding portion 35.
  • the ridges 36 are formed over the entire thickness of the retaining portion 35.
  • the remainder of the retaining portion 35 may be of constant thickness.
  • Two adjacent striations 36 form a triangle 39 which upon rupture will separate from neighboring triangles by tearing the material between the holes 37 and deform downstream by folding.
  • the triangles 39 fold without tearing to prevent tearing said triangles 39 may deteriorate a downstream pipe or impede the flow in the downstream pipe thus increasing the pressure drop and slowing the depressurization upstream side.
  • the number of grooves 36 also depends on the diameter of the retaining element 15.
  • the flange 34 disposed downstream of the flange 33 is pierced with a radial hole in which a protective tube 41 is arranged.
  • the rupture detector comprises an electric wire 42 fixed on the retaining part 35 on the downstream side and arranged endlessly.
  • the electrical wire 42 extends into the protection tube 41 as far as a connection box 43.
  • the electrical wire 42 extends over almost the entire diameter of the retaining element 15, with a portion of wire 42a disposed at one side of a groove 36 parallel to said groove 36 and the other portion of wire 42b disposed radially on the other side of the same groove 36 parallel to said groove 36.
  • the distance between the two wire portions 42a, 42b is weak. This distance may be less than the maximum distance separating two holes 37 so that the wire 42 passes between the holes 37.
  • the electrical wire 42 is covered by a protective film which serves both to prevent its corrosion and to stick it on the downstream face of the retaining portion 35.
  • the composition of this film will also be chosen for avoid modifying the breaking pressure of the rupture element 15.
  • the film may be made of weakened polyamide. The bursting of the rupture element necessarily leads to the cutting of the electric wire 42. This break can be detected extremely simply and reliably by interrupting the flow of a current passing through the wire 42 or else by voltage difference between both ends of the wire 42.
  • the rupture element 15 also includes a recess portion 44 disposed between the flanges 33 and 34 in the form of a metal web, for example stainless steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy.
  • the thickness of the reinforcing portion 44 may be between 0.2 and 1 mm.
  • the reinforcing portion 44 comprises a plurality of petals, for example five, separated by radial ridges 45 formed over their entire thickness.
  • the petals are connected to an annular outer edge, a groove 46 in an arc is formed over the entire thickness of each petal except near the neighboring petals, thus giving the petals an ability to deform axially.
  • One of the petals is connected to a central polygon 47, for example by welding.
  • the polygon 47 closes the center of the petals and comes to rest on hooks 48 fixed on the other petals and offset axially with respect to the petals so that the polygon 47 is arranged axially between the petals and the corresponding hooks 48.
  • the polygon 47 may come into contact with the bottom of the hooks 48 to rely on it axially.
  • the reinforcing portion 44 provides good axial resistance in one direction and a very low axial resistance in the other direction, the direction of bursting of the rupture member 15.
  • the reinforcing portion 44 is particularly useful when the pressure in the tank 2 of the transformer 1 is smaller than that of the depressurization chamber 16 which can occur if a partial vacuum is made in the tank 2 for the filling of the transformer
  • a sealing portion 49 comprising a thin film 50 of tight synthetic material for example based on polytetrafluoroethylene surrounded on each side by a thick film 51 of pre-cut synthetic material avoiding a perforation of the thin film 50 by the retaining portion 35 and the reinforcing portion 44.
  • Each thick film 51 may comprise a synthetic material for example based on polytetrafluoroethylene of thickness of the order of 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
  • the precut of the thick film 51 can be performed in a circular arc of about 330 °.
  • the thin film 50 may have a thickness of the order of 0.005 to 0.1 mm.
  • the rupture element 15 offers good resistance to pressure in one direction, resistance calibrated to pressure in the other direction, excellent sealing and low burst inertia.
  • the rupture element 15 may comprise a washer 52 disposed between the flange 33 and the retaining portion 35 and a washer 53 disposed between the flange 34 and the reinforcing portion 44.
  • the washers 52 and 53 may be made from polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the cooling means may comprise fins on the pipe 17 and / or the tank 18, an air conditioning unit of the tank 18, and / or a reserve of liquefied gas, for example nitrogen, the expansion of which is capable of cooling. the tank 18.
  • the prevention device is arranged substantially vertically, for example on the lid 2b of the tank 2.
  • the depressurization chamber 16 comprises a cylinder of vertical axis closed at its ends while being connected to the rupture element 15, of diameter greater than that of the rupture element 15, mounted downstream of the rupture element 15.
  • the depressurization chamber 16 also forms the collection reservoir.
  • the pipe 19 is connected to an upper zone of the cylinder of the depressurization chamber 16.
  • a pipe 54 connects to a lower zone of the cylinder of the depressurization chamber 16 for the withdrawal of liquid.
  • the pipe 54 is connected to the auxiliary tank 8, see dotted line on the figure 10 .
  • the available volume of the makeup tank 8, i.e., the non-liquid-occupied portion, is available to receive liquid from the depressurization chamber 16.
  • An additional fracture element 61 may be disposed on the line 54 between the depressurization chamber 16 and the makeup tank 8. The additional rupture element 61 can be calibrated at a higher breaking pressure than the rupture element 15 upstream of the depressurization chamber 16
  • the pressure drop in the pipe 54 allows the automatic valve 10 time to close upon rupture of the rupture element 15.
  • the auxiliary tank 8 collects liquid from the depressurization chamber 16, the automatic valve 10 being closed.
  • the depressurization chamber 16 opens into the pipe 17 located in the extension of the pipe 26.
  • the pipe 17 opens into the booster tank 8.
  • the prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a point of the body 2a located substantially between half and two thirds of the height of the body 2a.
  • the pipe 17 is bent upwards after the depressurization chamber 16 and comprises an upper portion 17a disposed at a level higher than that of the windings of the transformer 1.
  • the bottom of the upper portion 17a may be located at about 20 mm above the upper end of the windings.
  • the pipe 9 is provided with a gas detector 55 disposed between the automatic valve 10 and the lid 2b of the tank 2.
  • a pipe 56 connects the pipe 9 and the upper portion 17a of the pipe 17.
  • the pipe 56 is connected to the line 9 between the gas detector 55 and the automatic valve 10.
  • On the pipe 56 are disposed a manual valve 57 held in the open position except for maintenance operations and a solenoid valve 58 controlled by the control box 23, in the closed position in normal operation and in the open position after a pressure release by the element 15, to recover flammable gases present in the pipe 9.
  • the oil-insulated bushings 6 are also provided with a pressure relief element 59 opening into a pipe 60 connected to the pipe 17.
  • the pressure release element 59 may be of a structure similar to the element releasing pressure 15 and adapted caliber.
  • the tank, the bushings and the load changer can be provided with elements of release of pressure to increase the probability of safeguarding their integrity.
  • the prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a low point of the body 2a.
  • the pipe 17 is bent upwards after the depressurization chamber 16 and comprises a high portion 17a as in the previous embodiment.
  • Such a protection system is economical, autonomous compared to neighboring installations, low footprint and maintenance-free.
  • the control unit can also be connected to accessory sensors such as fire detector, steam sensor (buchholz) and the trigger sensor of the supply cell to trigger a fire extinguishing in case of failure of the control unit. explosion prevention.
  • accessory sensors such as fire detector, steam sensor (buchholz) and the trigger sensor of the supply cell to trigger a fire extinguishing in case of failure of the control unit. explosion prevention.
  • an explosion prevention device is thus available in a transformer that requires little modification of the transformer elements, which detects insulation failures in an extremely rapid manner and acts simultaneously in such a way as to limit the resulting consequences, including in confined spaces. This helps to prevent oil capacity explosions and resulting fires by reducing transformer-related short-circuit damage, as well as load changers and bushings.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine de la prévention contre l'explosion des transformateurs électriques refroidis par un volume de fluide combustible.The present invention relates to the field of prevention against the explosion of electrical transformers cooled by a volume of combustible fluid.

Les transformateurs électriques subissent des pertes tant dans les enroulements que dans la partie fer, qui nécessitent la dissipation de la chaleur produite. Ainsi, les transformateurs de grande puissance sont généralement refroidis par un fluide tel que de l'huile. Les huiles utilisées sont diélectriques et sont susceptibles de prendre feu au-delà d'une température de l'ordre de 140°C. Les transformateurs étant des éléments très onéreux, leur protection nécessite une attention particulière.Electrical transformers suffer losses both in the windings and in the iron part, which require the dissipation of the heat produced. Thus, the high-power transformers are generally cooled by a fluid such as oil. The oils used are dielectric and are likely to catch fire beyond a temperature of the order of 140 ° C. Transformers are very expensive items, their protection requires special attention.

Un défaut d'isolement engendre, dans un premier temps, un arc électrique important qui provoque une action des systèmes de protection électriques qui déclenchent la cellule d'alimentation du transformateur (disjoncteur). L'arc électrique provoque, également, une diffusion conséquente d'énergie qui engendre un dégagement de gaz par décomposition de l'huile diélectrique, notamment d'hydrogène et d'acétylène.An insulation fault causes, firstly, a large electric arc that causes an action of electrical protection systems that trigger the transformer power cell (circuit breaker). The electric arc also causes a consequent diffusion of energy which generates a release of gas by decomposition of the dielectric oil, in particular hydrogen and acetylene.

Suite au dégagement de gaz, la pression à l'intérieur de la cuve du transformateur augmente très rapidement, d'où une déflagration souvent très violente. De la déflagration résulte une importante déchirure des liaisons mécaniques de la cuve (boulons, soudures) du transformateur qui met lesdits gaz en contact avec l'oxygène de l'air ambiant. L'acétylène étant auto-inflammable en présence d'oxygène, un incendie démarre immédiatement et propage le feu aux autres équipements du site qui sont susceptibles de contenir également de grandes quantités de produits combustibles.Following the release of gas, the pressure inside the tank of the transformer increases very rapidly, resulting in a blast often very violent. Deflagration results in a major tear of the mechanical connections of the tank (bolts, welds) of the transformer which puts said gas in contact with the oxygen of the ambient air. Since acetylene is self-igniting in the presence of oxygen, a fire starts immediately and spreads fire to other equipment on the site that may also contain large quantities of combustible products.

Les explosions sont dues à des ruptures d'isolement dûes aux courts-circuits provoqués par des surcharges, des surtensions, une détérioration progressive do l'isolation, un niveau d'huile insuffisant, l'apparition d'eau ou de moisissure ou une panne d'un composant isolant.The explosions are due to insulation failures due to short circuits caused by overloads, overvoltages, progressive deterioration of the insulation, insufficient oil level, the appearance of water or mildew or failure of an insulating component.

On connait, dans l'art antérieur, des systèmes d'extinction d'incendie pour transformateurs électriques qui sont actionnés par des détecteurs d'incendie ou de feu. Mais ces systèmes se mettent en oeuvre avec une inertie importante, lorsque l'huile du transformateur est déjà en flammes. On se contentait donc de limiter l'incendie à l'équipement concerné pour ne pas propager le feu aux installations voisines.In the prior art, there are known fire-extinguishing systems for electrical transformers which are actuated by fire or fire detectors. But these systems are implemented with significant inertia, when the transformer oil is already in flames. It was therefore limited to limit the fire to the equipment concerned not to spread the fire to neighboring facilities.

Pour ralentir la décomposition du fluide diélectrique due à un arc électrique, on peut utiliser des hulles silicones à la place des huiles minérales conventionnelles. Toutefois, l'explosion de la cuve du transformateur due à l'augmentation de la pression interne n'est retardés que d'une durée extrêmement faible, de l'ordre de quelques millisecondes. Cette durée ne permet pas de mettre en oeuvre des moyens propres à éviter l'explosion.To slow the decomposition of the dielectric fluid due to an electric arc, silicone hulls can be used instead of conventional mineral oils. However, the explosion of the transformer tank due to the increase of the internal pressure is delayed only by an extremely short duration, of the order of a few milliseconds. This duration does not allow to implement means to avoid the explosion.

On connait par le document WO-A-97/12379 un procédé de prévention contre l'explosion et l'incendie dans un transformateur électrique muni d'une cuve remplie de fluide de refroidissement combustible, par détection d'une rupture de l'isolement électrique du transformateur par un capteur de pression, dépressurisation du fluide de refroidissement contenu dans la cuve, au moyen d'une vanne, et refroidissement des parties chaudes du fluide de refroidissement par injection d'un gaz inerte sous pression dans la bas de la cuve afin de brasser ledit fluide et d'empêcher l'oxygène de pénétrer dans la cuve du transformateur. Ce procédé donne satisfaction et permet d'éviter l'explosion de la cuve du transformateur.We know by the document WO-A-97/12379 a method of prevention against explosion and fire in an electric transformer provided with a tank filled with combustible cooling fluid, by detecting a break in the electrical isolation of the transformer by a pressure sensor, depressurizing the fluid cooling in the tank by means of a valve, and cooling the hot parts of the cooling fluid by injecting an inert gas under pressure into the bottom of the tank to stir said fluid and to prevent oxygen to enter the transformer tank. This process is satisfactory and avoids the explosion of the transformer tank.

Le document WO-A-00/57438 décrit un élément de rupture à ouverture rapide pour un dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion d'un transformateur électrique. Le document JP05029155 , qui décrit le préambule de la revendication 1, concerne un transformateur à double enveloppe dont l'enveloppe intérieure est munie d'éléments de relâchement de pression.The document WO-A-00/57438 discloses a fast-opening rupture element for a device for preventing the explosion of an electrical transformer. The document JP05029155 , which describes the preamble of claim 1, relates to a jacketed transformer whose inner casing is provided with pressure release elements.

L'objet de la présente invention est de fournir un dispositif amélioré permettant une décompression extrêmement rapide de la cuve pour augmenter encore la probabilité de sauvegarde de l'intégrité du transformateur, des changeurs de prises en charge et des traversées tout en mettant en oeuvre des pièces de forme simple.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved device for extremely rapid decompression of the vessel to further increase the probability of safeguarding the integrity of the vessel. transformers, tap changers and traverses while implementing simple shaped parts.

Le dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion d'un transformateur électrique pourvu d'une cuve remplie de fluide de refroidissement combustible, comprend un élément de relâchement de pression disposé sur une sortie de la cuve pour réaliser une décompression de la cuve, un réservoir disposé en aval de l'élément de relâchement de pression et au moins une vanne à déclenchement manuel montée en sortie du réservoir de façon que le réservoir soit hermétique pour recueillir un fluide passé par l'élément de relâchement de pression. Le dispositif de prévention comprend, en outre, une chambre de dépressurisation (16) disposée entre l'élément de relâchement de pression (15) et le réservoir, une conduite (17) montée entre la chambre de dépressurisation (16) et le réservoir (18), un réservoir d'appoint (8) en communication avec la cuve (2) par une conduite (9), et une conduite (56) reliant la conduite (9) et une partie haute de la conduite (17). On évite ainsi une dispersion du fluide dans un endroit où cela n'est pas souhaitable pour des raisons de sécurité, de pollution ou autres. En effet, le fluide qui peut être an mélange de liquide et de gaz présente un risque d'inflamnation lorsque l'apport d'oxygène est suffisant pour remplir les conditions d'inflammation et d'explosion. Par ailleurs, certains composants de ce fluide peuvent s'avérer néfastes pour l'homme et/ou pour l'environnement, notamment en atmosphère confinée.The device for preventing the explosion of an electric transformer provided with a tank filled with combustible cooling fluid, comprises a pressure release element disposed on an outlet of the tank for decompressing the tank, a tank arranged downstream of the pressure release member and at least one manual release valve mounted at the outlet of the reservoir so that the reservoir is sealed to collect fluid passed through the pressure release member. The prevention device further comprises a depressurization chamber (16) disposed between the pressure release element (15) and the reservoir, a pipe (17) mounted between the depressurization chamber (16) and the reservoir ( 18), a booster tank (8) in communication with the tank (2) via a pipe (9), and a pipe (56) connecting the pipe (9) and an upper part of the pipe (17). This avoids a dispersion of the fluid in a place where it is undesirable for reasons of safety, pollution or other. Indeed, the fluid that can be a mixture of liquid and gas has a risk of ignition when the supply of oxygen is sufficient to meet the conditions of ignition and explosion. Moreover, certain components of this fluid can be harmful to humans and / or the environment, especially in a confined atmosphere.

Avantageusement, un élément de relâchement de pression automatique est monté en sortie du réservoir. L'élément de relâchement de pression peut comprendre une soupape susceptible de s'ouvrir lorsqu'un plafond de pression est dépassé afin d'éviter une explosion du réservoir. Le relâchement par la soupape est alors limité à la quantité nécessaire de fluide pour retrouver une pression inférieure au plafond de déclenchement de ladite soupape. Une conduite supplémentaire peut être disposée eu aval de l'élément de relâchement de pression. La conduite supplémentaire permet de diriger le fluide vers l'endroit le plus approprié. La conduite supplémentaire peut être équipée d'un moyen de refroidissement. La température du fluide peut ainsi être diminuée avant son échappement, d'où une réduction du risque d'inflammation. Le réservoir peut être équipé d'un moyen de refroidissement, par exemple sous la forme d'un détendeur de gaz.Advantageously, an automatic pressure release element is mounted at the outlet of the reservoir. The pressure release member may include a valve that may open when a pressure cap is exceeded to prevent an explosion of the tank. The release by the valve is then limited to the necessary amount of fluid to regain a lower pressure than the trigger cap of said valve. An additional conduit may be disposed downstream of the pressure relief member. The additional line directs the fluid to the most appropriate location. The additional pipe may be equipped with a cooling means. The temperature of the fluid can be reduced before its escape, resulting in a reduction of the risk of ignition. The tank may be equipped with a cooling means, for example in the form of a gas expander.

Avantageusement. un élément d'arrêt de flamme est monté sur la conduite supplémentaire. L'élément d'arrêt de flamme peut se présenter sous la forme d'un clapet à fluide interdisant une entrée d'oxygène dans la conduite. L'élément d'arrêt de flamme peut également comprendre une pièce susceptible d'obturer ladite conduite lors de la présence d'une flamme. L'élément de relâchement de pression peut également comprendre une électrovanne commandée par une unité de commande extérieure ou un détecteur de température voisin de ladite vanne, capable de commander la fermeture de ladite électrovanne lors de la présence d'une combustion.Advantageously. a flame arresting element is mounted on the additional pipe. The flame arresting element may be in the form of a fluid valve preventing an entry of oxygen into the pipe. The flame arresting element may also comprise a piece capable of closing off said pipe during the presence of a flame. The pressure release element may also comprise a solenoid valve controlled by an external control unit or a temperature sensor adjacent to said valve, capable of controlling the closing of said solenoid valve in the presence of a combustion.

Le réservoir peut être équipé d'un moyen de refroidissement.The tank can be equipped with a cooling means.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une pompe à vide reliée au réservoir. On peut ainsi mettre le réservoir en dépression forte par rapport à l'atmosphère ambiante et à la pression normale régnant dans la cuve du transformateur, ce qui facilite la décompression de la cuve et réduit la quantité d'oxygène présente dans la cuve.In one embodiment, the device comprises a vacuum pump connected to the reservoir. It can thus put the reservoir in strong depression relative to the ambient atmosphere and the normal pressure in the transformer tank, which facilitates decompression of the tank and reduces the amount of oxygen present in the tank.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend une pompe à gaz et un réservoir auxiliaire. La pompe à gaz est disposée entre le réservoir et le réservoir auxiliaire et permet de transférer, par exemple avec une chasse à l'azote simultanément à un pompage, des gaz combustibles et/ou toxiques du réservoir vers le réservoir auxiliaire qui peut ensuite être isolé du réservoir et de la pompe à gaz. La pompe à gaz peut comprendre un compresseur et le réservoir auxiliaire peut comprendre une enceinte sous pression. Les gaz combustibles toxiques peuvent ainsi être stockés dans un volume réduit.In one embodiment, the device comprises a gas pump and an auxiliary reservoir. The gas pump is arranged between the reservoir and the auxiliary reservoir and makes it possible to transfer, for example with nitrogen flushing simultaneously with pumping, combustible and / or toxic gases from the reservoir to the auxiliary reservoir which can then be isolated tank and gas pump. The gas pump may include a compressor and the auxiliary reservoir may include a pressure vessel. Toxic combustible gases can thus be stored in a reduced volume.

Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend une chambre de dépressurisation disposée entre l'élément de relâchement de pression et le réservoir. La chambre de dépressurisation présente une perte de charge extrêmement faible et peut être disposée immédiatement en aval de l'élément de relâchement de pression de façon à permettre une décompression rapide de la cuve du transformateur. Le réservoir peut être situé à une distance de la chambre de dépressurisation beaucoup plus élevée que la distance entre la cuve du transformateur et la chambre de dépressurisation. La chambre de dépressurisation peut se présenter sous la forme d'une portion de tube de diamètre nettement plus élevé que le diamètre de la conduite. La chambre de dépressurisation peut avantageusement être prévue pour résister à des pressions et à des efforts mécaniques élevés supérieurs à ceux pour lesquels le réservoir est dimensionné.Advantageously, the device comprises a depressurization chamber disposed between the pressure release element and the reservoir. The depressurization chamber has an extremely low pressure drop and can be disposed immediately downstream of the pressure release element so as to allow rapid decompression of the transformer vessel. The tank can be located at a distance from the depressurization chamber much higher than the distance between the transformer tank and the depressurization chamber. The depressurization chamber may be in the form of a tube portion of diameter much larger than the diameter of the pipe. The depressurization chamber may advantageously be provided to withstand higher pressures and mechanical forces than those for which the reservoir is sized.

Dans un mode de réalisation, l'élément de relâchement de pression comprend un disque rigide perforé et une membrane d'étanchéité. L'élément de relâchement de pression peut également comprendre un disque fendu. Les disques peuvent être bombés dans le sens de l'écoulement du fluide. Le disque fendu peut comprendre une pluralité de pétales séparés les uns des autres par des fentes sensiblement radiales. Les pétales se raccordent à une partie annulaire du disque et sont susceptibles de s'appuyer les uns sur les autres par l'intermédiaire de pattes d'accrochage pour résister à une pression extérieure à la cuve du transformateur supérieure à la pression intérieure. Le disque rigide perforé peut être pourvu d'une pluralité de trous traversants disposés près du centre dudit disque et à partir duquel s'étendent des fentes radiales. La membrane d'étanchéité peut consister en une mince couche à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène.In one embodiment, the pressure release member comprises a perforated rigid disk and a sealing membrane. The pressure release member may also include a slotted disc. The disks can be bulged in the direction of fluid flow. The split disc may comprise a plurality of petals separated from each other by substantially radial slots. The petals are connected to an annular portion of the disk and are capable of being supported on each other by means of attachment lugs to withstand a pressure outside the vessel of the transformer greater than the internal pressure. The perforated rigid disk may be provided with a plurality of through holes disposed near the center of said disk and from which radial slots extend. The waterproofing membrane may consist of a thin layer based on polytetrafluoroethylene.

Le disque fendu peut comprendre une pluralité de portions capables de s'appuyer les unes sur les autres lors d'une poussée dans une direction axiale.The slotted disk may include a plurality of portions capable of abutting each other upon thrust in an axial direction.

Dans un mode de réalisation, l'élément de relâchement de pression comprend en outre un disque de protection de la membrane d'étanchéité, le disque de protection comprenant une feuille mince prédécoupée. Le disque de protection peut être réalisé à partir d'une feuille de polytétrafluoroéthylène d'épaisseur supérieure à la membrane d'étanchéité. La prédécoupe peut être en forme de portion de cercle. Le disque rigide perforé peut comprendre une pluralité de fentes radiales, distinctes les unes des autres.In one embodiment, the pressure release member further comprises a protective disk of the waterproofing membrane, the protective disk comprising a precut sheet. The protective disk can be made from a sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene thicker than the waterproofing membrane. The precut may be in the form of a portion of a circle. The perforated rigid disk may comprise a plurality of radial slots, distinct from each other.

Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend une pluralité d'éléments de relâchement de pression prévus pour être reliés à une pluralité de transformateurs. Un seul réservoir peut ainsi servir à la prévention contre l'explosion d'une pluralité de transformateurs, chaque transformateur étant associé à au moins un élément de relâchement de pression.Advantageously, the device comprises a plurality of pressure release elements intended to be connected to a plurality of transformers. A single tank can thus be used to prevent the explosion of a plurality of transformers, each transformer being associated with at least one pressure release element.

Le dispositif peut comprendre un moyen de détection de rupture intégré à l'élément de relâchement de pression d'où une détection de la pression de la cuve par rapport à un plafond prédéterminé de relâchement de pression. Le moyen de détection de rupture peut comprendre un fil électrique apte à se rompre en même temps que l'élément de relâchement de pression. Le fil électrique peut être collé sur l'élément de relâchement de pression, de préférence du côté opposé au fluide. Le fil électrique peut être recouvert d'un film de protection.The device may include a rupture detection means integrated with the pressure release member, thereby detecting the pressure of the vessel relative to a predetermined pressure release ceiling. The rupture detecting means may comprise an electric wire capable of breaking at the same time as the pressure release element. The electrical wire may be bonded to the pressure release member, preferably on the opposite side of the fluid. The electric wire may be covered with a protective film.

Le dispositif peut comprendre une pluralité d'éléments de relâchement de pression prévus pour être reliés à une pluralité de capacités d'huile d'au moins un transformateur.The device may include a plurality of pressure release members adapted to be connected to a plurality of oil capacities of at least one transformer.

Le procédé de prévention contre l'explosion d'un transformateur électrique pourvu d'une cuve remplie de fluide de refroidissement combustible, comprend une décompression de la cuve réalisée par un élément de relâchement de pression, un recueil de fluide passé par l'élément de relâchement de pression réalisé par un réservoir hermétique, et un retrait des gaz effectué par au moins une vanne à déclenchement manuel.The method for preventing the explosion of an electric transformer provided with a tank filled with a combustible cooling fluid, comprises a decompression of the tank carried out by a pressure release element, a collection of fluid passed through the heating element. pressure relief provided by an airtight tank, and a gas withdrawal performed by at least one manually triggered valve.

Le dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion est adapté pour la cuve principale d'un transformateur, pour la cuve du ou des changeurs de prise en charge, et pour la cuve des traversées électriques, cette dernière cuve étant aussi appelée « boîte à huile ». Les traversées électriques ont pour rôle d'isoler la cuve principale d'un transformateur des lignes haute et basse tension auxquelles sont reliés des enroulements du transformateur par l'intermédiaire de conducteurs de sortie. Chaque conducteur de sortie est entourée par une boîte à huile contenant une certaine quantité de fluide d'isolement. Le fluide d'isolement des traversées et/ou boîtes huile est une huile différente de celle du transformateur. On peut prévoir un moyen d'injection d'azote relié à la cuve du transformateur et apte à se déclencher après la détection d'un défaut de façon manuelle ou automatique. L'injection d'azote peut favoriser l'évacuation des gaz combustibles de la cuve du transformateur vers le réservoir et éventuellement vers le réservoir auxiliaire.The explosion prevention device is adapted for the main tank of a transformer, for the tank of the on-load changers, and for the tank of the electric bushings, the latter tank being also called "oil box" . The purpose of the electrical bushings is to isolate the main tank of a transformer from the high and low voltage lines to which windings of the transformer are connected via output leads. Each output conductor is surrounded by an oil box containing a some amount of isolation fluid. The isolation fluid of the bushings and / or oil boxes is an oil different from that of the transformer. It is possible to provide a nitrogen injection means connected to the transformer tank and capable of being triggered after detection of a fault manually or automatically. Nitrogen injection can promote the evacuation of combustible gases from the transformer tank to the tank and possibly to the auxiliary tank.

Le dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion peut être muni d'un moyen de détection du déclenchement de la cellule d'alimentation du transformateur et d'un boîtier de commande qui reçoit les signaux émis par les moyens capteurs du transformateur et qui est capable d'émettre les signaux de commande.The explosion prevention device may be provided with means for detecting the triggering of the transformer supply cell and a control box which receives the signals emitted by the transformer's sensor means and which is capable of emit the control signals.

Grâce à l'invention, on réduit très fortement la probabilité d'échappement de fluide combustible et/ou toxique en dehors du dispositif, ce qui permet de réduire les risques d'inflammation desdits gaz ou encore d'intoxication d'un opérateur qui se trouve au voisinage.Thanks to the invention, the probability of escape of combustible and / or toxic fluid outside the device is greatly reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the risks of ignition of said gases or of intoxication of an operator who is find in the neighborhood.

Le dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion est particulièrement bien adapté pour des transformateurs électriques se trouvant dans des endroits confinés, par exemple des tunnels, des mines ou encore en sous-sol de zone urbanisée.The explosion prevention device is particularly well suited for electrical transformers located in confined areas, for example tunnels, mines or underground in urban areas.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de la description détaillée de quelques modes de réalisation pris à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs et illustrés par les dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de prévention contre l'incendie;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de prévention contre l'incendie associé à plusieurs transformateurs;
  • la figure 4 montre une variante de la figure 1;
  • la figure 5 montre une variante de la figure 1;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un élément de rupture;
  • la figure 7 est une vue partielle agrandie de la figure 6;
  • la figure 8 est une vue de dessus correspondant à la figure 6: et
  • la figure 9 est une vue de dessous correspondant à la figure 6;
  • la figure 10 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif de prévention contre l'incendie à chambre de dépressurisation verticale;
  • la figure 11 est une vue générale correspondant à la figure 10
  • les figures 12 et 13 montrent des variantes de la figure 1.
The present invention will be better understood on studying the detailed description of some embodiments taken as non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a fire prevention device;
  • the figure 2 is a detail view of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view of a fire prevention device associated with several transformers;
  • the figure 4 shows a variant of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 5 shows a variant of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a fracture element;
  • the figure 7 is an enlarged partial view of the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 8 is a top view corresponding to the figure 6 : and
  • the figure 9 is a bottom view corresponding to the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 10 is a schematic view of a fire prevention device with a vertical depressurization chamber;
  • the figure 11 is a general view corresponding to the figure 10
  • the Figures 12 and 13 show variants of the figure 1 .

Comme illustré sur les figures, le transformateur 1 comprend une cuve 2 reposant sur la sol 3 au moyen de pieds 4 et est alimenté en énergie électrique par des lignes électriques 5 entourés par des isolateurs 6. La cuve 2 comprend un corps 2a et un couvercle 2b.As illustrated in the figures, the transformer 1 comprises a tank 2 resting on the ground 3 by means of feet 4 and is supplied with electrical energy by electrical lines 5 surrounded by insulators 6. The tank 2 comprises a body 2a and a cover 2b.

La cuve 2 est remplie de fluide de refroidissement 7, par exemple, de l'huile diélectrique. Afin de garantir un niveau constant de fluide de refroidissement 7 dans la cuve 2, le transformateur 1 est muni d'un réservoir d'appoint 8 en communication avec la cuve 2 par une conduite 9.The tank 2 is filled with cooling fluid 7, for example, dielectric oil. In order to guarantee a constant level of cooling fluid 7 in the tank 2, the transformer 1 is provided with a makeup tank 8 in communication with the tank 2 via a pipe 9.

La conduite 9 est pourvue d'un clapet automatique 10 qui obture la conduite 9 dès qu'il détecte un mouvement rapide du fluide 7. Ainsi, lors d'une dépressurisation de la cuve 2. la pression dans la conduite 9 chute brusquement ce qui provoque un début d'écoulement de fluide 7 qui est rapidement arrêté par l'obturation du clapet automatique 10. On évite ainsi que le fluide 7 contenu dans le réservoir d'appoint 8 vienne se vidanger.The pipe 9 is provided with an automatic valve 10 which closes the pipe 9 as soon as it detects a rapid movement of the fluid 7. Thus, during a depressurization of the tank 2. the pressure in the pipe 9 drops sharply which causes a beginning of fluid flow 7 which is quickly stopped by closing the automatic valve 10. This prevents the fluid 7 contained in the booster tank 8 comes to drain.

La cuve 2 est également munie d'un ou plusieurs câbles 11 de détection d'incendie. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, un câble 11 de détection d'incendie est monté au-dessus de la cuve 2 et est supporté par des plots 12 reposant sur le couvercle 2b. Une distance de quelques centimètres sépare le câble 11 du couvercle 2b. Le câble 11 peut comprendre deux fils séparés par une membrane synthétique à bas point de fusion, les deux fils entrant en contact après la fusion de la membrane. Le câble 11 peut être disposé selon un parcours en rectangle à proximité des bords de la cuve 2.The tank 2 is also provided with one or more cables 11 of fire detection. In the embodiment shown, a fire detection cable 11 is mounted above the tank 2 and is supported by studs 12 resting on the lid 2b. A distance of a few centimeters separates the cable 11 from the cover 2b. The cable 11 may comprise two wires separated by a synthetic membrane with a low melting point, the two wires coming into contact after the fusion of the membrane. The cable 11 may be arranged along a rectangular path near the edges of the tank 2.

La cuve 2 peut comprendre un capteur de la présence de vapeur du fluide de refroidissement également appelé buchholz monté en un point haut de la cuve 2, en général sur la conduite 9. Une rupture d'isolement électrique provoque le dégagement de vapeur du fluide 7 dans la cuve 2. Un capteur de vapeur peut servir à détecter une rupture de l'isolation électrique avec un certain retard.The tank 2 may comprise a sensor for the presence of vapor of the cooling fluid also called buchholz mounted at a high point of the tank 2, in general on the pipe 9. An electrical insulation breakage causes the release of vapor from the fluid 7 in the tank 2. A steam sensor can be used to detect a break in the electrical insulation with a certain delay.

Le transformateur 1 est alimenté par l'intermédiaire d'une cellule d'alimentation, non représentée, qui comprend des moyens de coupure d'alimentation tels que des disjoncteurs et qui est munie de capteurs de déclenchement.The transformer 1 is supplied via a power supply cell, not shown, which comprises power cutoff means such as circuit breakers and which is provided with triggering sensors.

Le dispositif de prévention comprend une vanne 13 montée sur une sortie de la cuve 2 disposée en un point haut du corps 2a, un élément de rupture 15 dont l'éclatement permet de détecter sans retard la variation de pression due à la rupture de l'isolation électrique du transformateur, et deux manchons élastiques 14 absorbeurs de vibrations, l'un étant disposé entre la vanne 13 et l'élément de rupture 15. Le dispositif de prévention comprend également une chambre de dépressurisation 16 de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'élément de rupture 15, montée en aval de l'élément de rupture 15 et une conduite 17 de vidange supportée par un réservoir 18 destiné à recueillir les fluides provenant de la cuve 2 après éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15 et séparer la fraction liquide de la fraction gazeuse. La conduite 17 est montée entre la chambre de dépressurisation 16 et le réservoir 18. L'autre manchon élastique 14 est monté entre la chambre de dépressurisation 16 et la conduite 17.The prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a high point of the body 2a, a rupture element 15 whose bursting allows to detect without delay the pressure variation due to the rupture of the electrical insulation of the transformer, and two elastic sleeves 14 vibration absorbers, one being disposed between the valve 13 and the rupture element 15. The prevention device also comprises a depressurization chamber 16 of diameter greater than that of the rupture element 15, mounted downstream of the rupture element 15 and a discharge pipe 17 supported by a reservoir 18 intended to collect the fluids coming from the tank 2 after bursting of the rupture element 15 and to separate the liquid fraction of the gaseous fraction. The pipe 17 is mounted between the depressurization chamber 16 and the tank 18. The other elastic sleeve 14 is mounted between the depressurization chamber 16 and the pipe 17.

Le réservoir 18 peut être équipé d'ailettes de refroidissement 18a. Le réservoir 18 est équipé d'une tuyauterie 19 d'évacuation des gaz issus de l'huile. La tuyauterie 19 peut être reliée de façon temporaire à une citerne mobile pour vidanger le réservoir 18. La cuve 2 est ainsi dépressurisée immédiatement et ultérieurement partiellement vidée dans le réservoir 18. L'élément de rupture 15 pourra être prévu pour s'ouvrir à une pression déterminée inférieure à 1 bar, par exemple comprise entre 0,6 et 1,6 bar, de préférence entre 0,8 et 1,4 bar.The reservoir 18 may be equipped with cooling fins 18a. The tank 18 is equipped with a pipe 19 for evacuation of gases from the oil. The pipe 19 can be connected temporarily to a mobile tank to drain the tank 18. The tank 2 is thus depressurized immediately and subsequently partially emptied into the tank 18. The rupture element 15 can be provided to open at a lower pressure. determined pressure lower than 1 bar, for example between 0.6 and 1.6 bar, preferably between 0.8 and 1.4 bar.

Une vanne 20 est disposée dans la tuyauterie 19 pour empêcher l'entrée d'oxygène de l'air qui pourrait alimenter la combustion des gaz et celle de l'huile dans le réservoir 18 et dans la cuve 2. et pour empêcher la sortie incontrôlée de gaz ou de liquide. La vanne 20 peut être manuelle ou motorisée à commande manuelle. La vanne 20 est constamment fermée pour maintenir le réservoir hermétique, sauf lorsque l'on vide le réservoir 18 des gaz qui s'y trouvent, ou que l'on effectue une purge des gaz.A valve 20 is disposed in the pipe 19 to prevent the entry of oxygen from the air which could supply the combustion of gases and that of the oil in the tank 18 and in the tank 2. and to prevent the uncontrolled exit of gas or liquid. The valve 20 can be manual or motorized with manual control. The valve 20 is constantly closed to maintain the hermetic container, except when emptying the tank 18 of the gases therein, or that the gas is purged.

La cuve 2 comprend un moyen de refroidissement du fluide 7 par injection d'un gaz inerte tel que de l'azote dans le bas de la cuve 2. le gaz inerte est stocké dans un réservoir sous pression muni d'une vanne, d'un détendeur ou d'un réducteur de pression et d'un tuyau 21 amenant le gaz jusqu'à la cuve 2. Le réservoir sous pression est logé dans une armoire 22.The tank 2 comprises means for cooling the fluid 7 by injecting an inert gas such as nitrogen into the bottom of the tank 2. the inert gas is stored in a pressure tank provided with a valve, an expansion valve or a pressure reducer and a pipe 21 bringing the gas up to the tank 2. The pressure tank is housed in a cabinet 22.

Le câble 11, l'élément de rupture 15. le capteur de vapeur, les capteurs de déclenchement, la vanne 13 et l'obturateur 20 sont reliés à un boîtier de commande 23 destiné à contrôler le fonctionnement du dispositif. Le boîtier de commande 23 est muni de moyens de traitement d'information recevant les signaux des différents capteurs et capables d'émettre des signaux de commande notamment de la vanne 20.The cable 11, the rupture element 15. the steam sensor, the trip sensors, the valve 13 and the shutter 20 are connected to a control box 23 intended to control the operation of the device. The control unit 23 is provided with information processing means receiving the signals of the different sensors and capable of transmitting control signals, in particular from the valve 20.

En fonctionnement normal, la vanne 13 est ouverte et l'élément de rupture 15 intact, c'est-à-dire fermé. La vanne 20 est également fermée. La vanne 13 peut être fermée pour des opérations de maintenance, le transformateur 1 étant à l'arrêt. Le manchon élastique 14 est capable d'absorber les vibrations du transformateur 1 qui se produisent lors de son fonctionnement et lors d'un court-circuit, pour éviter de transmettre les vibrations à d'autres éléments, notamment à l'élément de rupture 15. La chambre de dépressurisation 16 permet une forte chute de pression lors de l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15 grâce à des pertes de charge extrêmement réduites.In normal operation, the valve 13 is open and the rupture element 15 intact, that is to say closed. The valve 20 is also closed. The valve 13 can be closed for maintenance, the transformer 1 being stopped. The elastic sleeve 14 is able to absorb the vibrations of the transformer 1 that occur during its operation and during a short-circuit, to avoid transmitting the vibrations to other elements, in particular to the breaking element 15 The depressurization chamber 16 allows a large pressure drop during the bursting of the rupture element 15 thanks to extremely reduced pressure drops.

Lors de l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15 suite à un défaut électrique dans le transformateur 1, la pression dans la cuve 2 diminue. Un jet de gaz et/ou de liquide traverse l'élément de rupture 15 et se répand dans la chambre de dépressurisation 16, puis s'écoule dans la conduite 17 vers le réservoir 18. Le rôle de la chambre de dépressurisation 16 peut s'avérer particulièrement important dans les premières millisecondes suivant l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15.When the rupture element 15 burst as a result of an electrical fault in the transformer 1, the pressure in the tank 2 decreases. A jet of gas and / or liquid passes through the rupture element 15 and spreads in the depressurization chamber 16, then flows in the pipe 17 to the reservoir 18. The role of the depressurization chamber 16 may to be particularly important in the first milliseconds following bursting of the rupture element 15.

Ultérieurement, une injection de gaz inerte, par exemple de l'azote, peut être effectuée dans le bas de la cuve 2 pour chasser les gaz combustibles susceptibles de rester dans la cuve 2 et refroidir les parties chaudes du transformateur pour arrêter la production de gaz. L'injection de gaz inerte peut être déclenchée de quelques minutes à quelques heures après l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15, de préférence une durée de décantation suffisante pour que les gaz et les liquides se séparent convenablement est prévue. En outre, il est possible d'attendre le refroidissement du réservoir 18 et de son contenu. Lesdits gaz combustibles s'évacuent vers le réservoir 18. Une citerne mobile peut être amenée en connexion avec la tuyauterie 19 pour recevoir les fluides présents dans le réservoir 18 après ouverture de la vanne 20. Le réservoir 18 peut être purgé avec un gaz inerte. L'élément de rupture 15 peut alors être remplacé. Pour des raisons de sécurité, le réservoir du gaz inerte est prévu pour pouvoir injecter du gaz inerte pendant une durée de l'ordre de 45 minutes, ce qui peut s'avérer utile pour refroidir l'huile et les parties chaudes par brassage de l'huile, et donc stopper la production des gaz par décomposition de l'huile.Subsequently, an injection of inert gas, for example nitrogen, can be carried out in the bottom of the tank 2 to expel the combustible gases that may remain in the tank 2 and cool the hot parts of the transformer to stop the production of gas . The injection of inert gas can be initiated from a few minutes to a few hours after bursting of the rupture member 15, preferably a settling time sufficient for gases and liquids to separate properly is provided. In addition, it is possible to wait for the cooling of the tank 18 and its contents. Said combustible gas is evacuated to the reservoir 18. A mobile tank can be brought into connection with the pipe 19 to receive the fluids present in the tank 18 after opening the valve 20. The tank 18 can be purged with an inert gas. The rupture element 15 can then be replaced. For safety reasons, the inert gas reservoir is provided to be able to inject inert gas during a duration of the order of 45 minutes, which can be useful for cooling the oil and hot parts by mixing the oil, and thus stop the production of gases by decomposition of the oil.

Le transformateur 1 peut être équipé d'un ou plusieurs changeurs de prise en charge 25 servant d'interfaces entre ledit transformateur 1 et le réseau électrique auquel il est relié pour assurer une tension constante malgré des variations du courant fourni au réseau. Le changeur de prise en charge 25 est relié par une conduite de vidange 26 à la conduite 17 destinée à la vidange. En effet, le changeur de prise en charge 25 est également refroidi par un fluide de refroidissement inflammable. En raison de sa forte résistance mécanique, l'explosion d'un changeur de prise en charge est extrêmement violente et peut s'accompagner de projection de jets de fluide de refroidissement enflammé. La conduite 26 est pourvue d'un élément de relâchement de pression 27 capable de se déchirer en cas de court-circuit et donc de surpression à l'intérieur du changeur de prise en charge 25. On évite ainsi l'explosion de la cuve dudit changeur de prise en charge 25.The transformer 1 may be equipped with one or more support changers 25 serving as interfaces between said transformer 1 and the electrical network to which it is connected to ensure a constant voltage despite variations in the current supplied to the network. The tap changer 25 is connected by a drain line 26 to the pipe 17 for emptying. Indeed, the load changer 25 is also cooled by a flammable cooling fluid. Due to its high mechanical strength, the explosion of an on-load changer is extremely violent and can be accompanied by the projection of jets of inflamed cooling fluid. The pipe 26 is provided with a pressure release element 27 capable of tearing in the event of a short-circuit and therefore of excess pressure inside the on-load tap-changer 25. This prevents the explosion of the tank of said on - load changer 25.

Grâce à l'invention, on dispose ainsi d'un dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion de transformateur qui détecte les ruptures d'isolation de façon extrêmement rapide et agit simultanément de façon à limiter les conséquences qui en résultent. Cela permet de sauver le transformateur ainsi que le changeur de prise en charge et les traversées et de minimiser les dégâts liés au défaut d'isolement.Thanks to the invention, there is thus a transformer explosion prevention device that detects insulation failures extremely rapidly and acts simultaneously to limit the consequences that result. This saves the transformer as well as the load changer and bushings and minimizes the damage associated with the insulation fault.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, la chambre de dépressurisation 16 repose sur quatre amortisseurs 28 supportés par une console 29 fixée au corps 2a de la cuve 2. Une isolation mécanique est ainsi créée entre les vibrations issues du transformateur 1 lors du fonctionnement normal et la chambre de dépressurisation 16, d'une part, et entre la déformation du transformateur 1 lors d'une rupture de l'isolement, d'autre part.As can be seen on the figure 2 , the depressurization chamber 16 rests on four dampers 28 supported by a bracket 29 fixed to the body 2a of the tank 2. Mechanical insulation is thus created between the vibrations from the transformer 1 during normal operation and the depressurization chamber 16, d 'a part, and between the deformation of the transformer 1 during an insulation failure, on the other hand.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 3, plusieurs transformateurs 1 voisins sont reliés à un réservoir 18. En d'autres termes, plusieurs dispositifs de prévention de plusieurs transformateurs différents peuvent comprendre un réservoir 18 commun. Ceci s'avère particulièrement avantageux dans les lieux confinés où l'espace disponible est restreint.In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 3 several neighboring transformers 1 are connected to a tank 18. In other words, several prevention devices of several different transformers may comprise a common tank 18. This is particularly advantageous in confined spaces where the available space is limited.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 4, le dispositif de prévention comprend, en outre, une pompe à vide 30 relié au réservoir 18 par une conduite. Le réservoir 18 peut être muni d'un système de refroidissement 18b, par exemple par détente d'azote. Lors de la mise en fonctionnement du dispositif de prévention, la pompe à vide 30 est actionnée et réalise un vide partiel du réservoir 18, puis est arrêtée. La masse de gaz issue de la cuve 2 après l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15 qui est susceptible d'être stockée dans le réservoir 18 est accrue à pression maximale égale. La dépressurisation peut s'en trouver facilitée. Le réservoir peut être de volume réduit d'où un gain de place.In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 4 , the prevention device further comprises a vacuum pump 30 connected to the reservoir 18 by a pipe. The reservoir 18 may be provided with a cooling system 18b, for example by expansion of nitrogen. When the preventive device is put into operation, the vacuum pump 30 is actuated and makes a partial vacuum of the reservoir 18, and is then stopped. The mass of gas issuing from the tank 2 after bursting of the rupture element 15 which can be stored in the tank 18 is increased at equal maximum pressure. Depressurization can be facilitated. The tank can be of reduced volume resulting in a saving of space.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 5, le dispositif de prévention comprend, en outre, une pompe à gaz 31 reliée à la conduite 17 ou au réservoir 18 et débouchant dans une bouteille 32 résistante à la pression. Après l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15, et l'écoulement d'une durée suffisante pour le refroidissement des gaz, la pompe à gaz 31 est mise en fonctionnement et réalise un pompage des gaz présents dans le réservoir 18. Le réservoir 18 peut ainsi être vidé du gaz qu'il contient, ledit gaz pouvant être un mélange de gaz inerte et de gaz combustible. Après l'arrêt de la pompe à gaz 31, la bouteille 32 peut facilement être retirée et tranportée à distance. Ce mode de réalisation convient particulièrement à des transformateurs installés dans des mines ou des tunnels.In the embodiment illustrated on the figure 5 , the prevention device further comprises a gas pump 31 connected to the pipe 17 or the tank 18 and opening into a bottle 32 resistant to pressure. After bursting of the rupture element 15, and the flow of a sufficient duration for the cooling of the gases, the gas pump 31 is put into operation and carries out a pumping of the gases present in the reservoir 18. The reservoir 18 can be emptied of the gas it contains, said gas can be a mixture of inert gas and combustible gas. After stopping the gas pump 31, the bottle 32 can easily be removed and transported remotely. This embodiment particularly suitable for transformers installed in mines or tunnels.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 6 à 9. l'élément de rupture 15 est de forme circulaire bombée convexe et est prévu pour être monté sur un orifice de sortie, non représenté, d'une cuve 2 maintenue serrée entre deux brides 33, 34 en forme de disques. L'élément de relâchement 15 comprend une partie de retenue 35 sous la forme d'un voile métallique de faible épaisseur, par exemple en acier inoxydable, en aluminium, ou en alliage d'aluminium. L'épaisseur de la partie de retenue 35 peut être comprise entre 0,05 et 0,25 mm.As can be seen on the Figures 6 to 9 . the rupture element 15 is of convex curved circular shape and is intended to be mounted on an outlet orifice, not shown, of a tank 2 held tight between two flanges 33, 34 in the form of disks. The release member 15 comprises a retaining portion 35 in the form of a thin metal web, for example stainless steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy. The thickness of the retaining portion 35 may be between 0.05 and 0.25 mm.

La partie de retenue 35 est pourvue de stries radiales 36 la divisant en plusieurs portions. Les stries radiales 36 sont formées en creux dans l'épaisseur de la partie de retenue 35 de façon qu'une rupture se fasse par déchirement de la partie de retenue 35 en son centre et ce sans fragmentation pour éviter que des fragments de l'élément de relâchement 15 ne soient arrachés et déplacés par le fluide traversant l'élément de relâchement 15 et risquent de détériorer une conduite située à l'aval.The retaining portion 35 is provided with radial striations 36 dividing it into several portions. The radial striations 36 are formed recessed in the thickness of the retaining portion 35 so that a break is made by tearing the retaining portion 35 at its center and without fragmentation to prevent fragments of the element. release members 15 are torn off and displaced by the fluid passing through the release member 15 and may deteriorate a pipe located downstream.

La partie de retenue 35 est pourvue de trous traversants 37 de très faible diamètre répartis un par strie 36 à proximité du centre. Autrement dit, plusieurs trous 37 sont disposés en hexagone. Les trous 37 forment des amorces de déchirure de résistance faible et garantissent que la déchirure commence au centre de la partie de retenue 35. La formation d'au moins un trou 37 par strie 36 assure que les stries 36 se sépareront simultanément en offrant la section de passage la plus forte possible. En variante, on pourrait envisager un nombre de stries 36 différent de six, et/ou plusieurs trous 37 par strie 36. Le revêtement d'étanchéité 50 est capable d'obturer les trous 37.The retaining portion 35 is provided with through holes 37 of very small diameter distributed one by streak 36 near the center. In other words, several holes 37 are arranged in hexagon. The holes 37 form low strength tear primers and ensure that the tear begins in the center of the retaining portion 35. The formation of at least one streak hole 36 ensures that the streaks 36 will separate simultaneously providing the cross section. crossing the strongest possible. Alternatively, one could consider a number of streaks 36 different from six, and / or several holes 37 by streak 36. The sealing coating 50 is capable of closing the holes 37.

La pression d'éclatement de l'élément de relâchement 15 est déterminée, notamment, par le diamètre et la position des trous 37, la profondeur des stries 36, l'épaisseur et la composition du matériau formant la partie de retenue 35. De préférence, les stries 36 sont formées sur toute l'épaisseur de la partie de retenue 35. Le reste de la partie de retenue 35 peut présenter une épaisseur constante.The bursting pressure of the loosening member 15 is determined, in particular, by the diameter and position of the holes 37, the depth of the grooves 36, the thickness and the composition of the material forming the holding portion 35. Preferably the ridges 36 are formed over the entire thickness of the retaining portion 35. The remainder of the retaining portion 35 may be of constant thickness.

Deux stries 36 adjacentes forment un triangle 39 qui lors de la rupture va se séparer des triangles voisins par déchirure de la matière entre les trous 37 et se déformer vers l'aval par pliage. Les triangles 39 se plient sans déchirure pour éviter l'arrachement des dits triangles 39 susceptibles de détériorer une conduite aval ou de gêner l'écoulement dans la conduite aval augmentant ainsi la perte de charge et ralentissant la dépressurisation côté amont. Le nombre de stries 36 dépend également du diamètre de l'élément de retenue 15.Two adjacent striations 36 form a triangle 39 which upon rupture will separate from neighboring triangles by tearing the material between the holes 37 and deform downstream by folding. The triangles 39 fold without tearing to prevent tearing said triangles 39 may deteriorate a downstream pipe or impede the flow in the downstream pipe thus increasing the pressure drop and slowing the depressurization upstream side. The number of grooves 36 also depends on the diameter of the retaining element 15.

La bride 34 disposée à l'aval de la bride 33 est percée d'un trou radial dans lequel est disposé un tube de protection 41. Le détecteur de rupture comporte un fil électrique 42 fixé sur la partie de retenue 35 du côté aval et disposé en boucle. Le fil électrique 42 se prolonge dans le tube de protection 41 jusqu'à un boîtier de connexion 43. Le fil électrique 42 s'étend sur la quasi totalité du diamètre de l'élément de retenue 15, avec une portion de fil 42a disposée d'un côté d'une strie 36 parallèlement à ladite strie 36 et l'autre portion de fil 42b disposée radialement de l'autre côté de la même strie 36 parallèlement à ladite strie 36. La distance entre les deux portions de fil 42a, 42b est faible. Cette distance peut être inférieure à la distance maximale séparant deux trous 37 de telle sorte que le fil 42 passe entre les trous 37.The flange 34 disposed downstream of the flange 33 is pierced with a radial hole in which a protective tube 41 is arranged. The rupture detector comprises an electric wire 42 fixed on the retaining part 35 on the downstream side and arranged endlessly. The electrical wire 42 extends into the protection tube 41 as far as a connection box 43. The electrical wire 42 extends over almost the entire diameter of the retaining element 15, with a portion of wire 42a disposed at one side of a groove 36 parallel to said groove 36 and the other portion of wire 42b disposed radially on the other side of the same groove 36 parallel to said groove 36. The distance between the two wire portions 42a, 42b is weak. This distance may be less than the maximum distance separating two holes 37 so that the wire 42 passes between the holes 37.

Le fil électrique 42 est recouvert par un film de protection qui sert à la fois à éviter sa corrosion et à le coller sur la face aval de la partie de retenue 35. La composition de ce film sera aussi choisie pour éviter de modifier la pression de rupture de l'élément de rupture 15. Le film pourra être réalisé en polyamide fragilisée. L'éclatement de l'élément de rupture entraîne nécessairement la coupure du fil électrique 42. Cette coupure peut être détectée de façon extrêmement simple et fiable par interruption de la circulation d'un courant passant par le fil 42 ou encore par écart de tension entre les deux extrémités du fil 42.The electrical wire 42 is covered by a protective film which serves both to prevent its corrosion and to stick it on the downstream face of the retaining portion 35. The composition of this film will also be chosen for avoid modifying the breaking pressure of the rupture element 15. The film may be made of weakened polyamide. The bursting of the rupture element necessarily leads to the cutting of the electric wire 42. This break can be detected extremely simply and reliably by interrupting the flow of a current passing through the wire 42 or else by voltage difference between both ends of the wire 42.

L'élément de rupture 15 comprend également une partie de renfoncement 44 disposée entre les brides 33 et 34 sous la forme d'un voile métallique, par exemple en acier inoxydable, en aluminium, ou en alliage d'aluminium. L'épaisseur de la partie de renforcement 44 peut être comprise entre 0.2 et 1 mm.The rupture element 15 also includes a recess portion 44 disposed between the flanges 33 and 34 in the form of a metal web, for example stainless steel, aluminum, or aluminum alloy. The thickness of the reinforcing portion 44 may be between 0.2 and 1 mm.

La partie de renforcement 44 comprend une pluralité de pétales, par exemple cinq, séparées par des stries radiales 45 formées sur toute leur épaisseur. Les pétales se raccordent à un bord extérieur annulaire, une strie 46 en arc de cercle étant formée sur toute l'épaisseur de chaque pétale sauf à proximité des pétales voisins, conférant ainsi aux pétales une capacité à se déformer axialement. L'un des pétales est relié à un polygone central 47, par exemple par soudure. Le polygone 47 ferme le centre des pétales et vient s'appuyer sur des crochets 48 fixés sur les autres pétales et décalés axialement par rapport aux pétales de façon que le polygone 47 soit disposé axialement entre les pétales et les crochets 48 correspondants. Le polygone 47 peut venir en contact avec le fond des crochets 48 pour s'y appuyer axialement. La partie de renforcement 44 offre une bonne résistance axiale dans un sens et une très faible résistance axiale dans l'autre sens, le sens de l'éclatement de l'élément de rupture 15. La partie de renforcement 44 est particulièrement utile lorsque la pression dans la cuve 2 du transformateur 1 est inférieure à celle de la chambre de dépressurisation 16 ce qui peut se produire si un vide partiel est fait dans la cuve 2 pour le remplissage du transformateurThe reinforcing portion 44 comprises a plurality of petals, for example five, separated by radial ridges 45 formed over their entire thickness. The petals are connected to an annular outer edge, a groove 46 in an arc is formed over the entire thickness of each petal except near the neighboring petals, thus giving the petals an ability to deform axially. One of the petals is connected to a central polygon 47, for example by welding. The polygon 47 closes the center of the petals and comes to rest on hooks 48 fixed on the other petals and offset axially with respect to the petals so that the polygon 47 is arranged axially between the petals and the corresponding hooks 48. The polygon 47 may come into contact with the bottom of the hooks 48 to rely on it axially. The reinforcing portion 44 provides good axial resistance in one direction and a very low axial resistance in the other direction, the direction of bursting of the rupture member 15. The reinforcing portion 44 is particularly useful when the pressure in the tank 2 of the transformer 1 is smaller than that of the depressurization chamber 16 which can occur if a partial vacuum is made in the tank 2 for the filling of the transformer

Entre la partie de retenue 35 et la partie de renforcement 44, peuvent être disposés une partie d'étanchéité 49 comprenant un film mince 50 de matériau synthétique étanche par exemple à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène entouré sur chaque face par un film épais 51 de matériau synthétique prédécoupé évitant une perforation du film mince 50 par la partie de retenue 35 et la partie de renforcement 44. Chaque film épais 51 peut comprendre un matériau synthétique par exemple à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène d'épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,1 à 0,3 mm. La prédécoupe des film épais 51 peut être effectuée selon un arc de cercle d'environ 330°. Le film mince 50 peut présenter une épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,005 à 0,1 mm.Between the retaining portion 35 and the reinforcing portion 44 may be arranged a sealing portion 49 comprising a thin film 50 of tight synthetic material for example based on polytetrafluoroethylene surrounded on each side by a thick film 51 of pre-cut synthetic material avoiding a perforation of the thin film 50 by the retaining portion 35 and the reinforcing portion 44. Each thick film 51 may comprise a synthetic material for example based on polytetrafluoroethylene of thickness of the order of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. The precut of the thick film 51 can be performed in a circular arc of about 330 °. The thin film 50 may have a thickness of the order of 0.005 to 0.1 mm.

L'élément de rupture 15 offre une bonne résistance à la pression dans un sens, une résistance calibrée à la pression dans l'autre sens, une excellente étanchéité et une faible inertie à l'éclatement.The rupture element 15 offers good resistance to pressure in one direction, resistance calibrated to pressure in the other direction, excellent sealing and low burst inertia.

Pour améliorer l'étanchéité, l'élément de rupture 15 peut comprendre une rondelle 52 disposée entre la bride 33 et la partie de retenue 35 et une rondelle 53 disposée entre la bride 34 et la partie de renforcement 44. Les rondelles 52 et 53 peuvent être réalisées à base de polytétrafluoroéthylène.To improve the seal, the rupture element 15 may comprise a washer 52 disposed between the flange 33 and the retaining portion 35 and a washer 53 disposed between the flange 34 and the reinforcing portion 44. The washers 52 and 53 may be made from polytetrafluoroethylene.

En outre, un moyen de refroidissement des fluides dans le dispositif de prévention peut être prévu. Le moyen de refroidissement peut comprendre des ailettes sur la conduite 17 et /ou le réservoir 18, un groupe de climatisation du réservoir 18, et/ou une réserve de gaz liquéfié, par exemple de l'azote, dont la détente est susceptible de refroidir le réservoir 18.In addition, means for cooling the fluids in the prevention device can be provided. The cooling means may comprise fins on the pipe 17 and / or the tank 18, an air conditioning unit of the tank 18, and / or a reserve of liquefied gas, for example nitrogen, the expansion of which is capable of cooling. the tank 18.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 10 et 11, le dispositif de prévention est disposé sensiblement verticalement, par exemple sur le couvercle 2b de la cuve 2. La chambre de dépressurisation 16 comprend un cylindre d'axe vertical fermé à ses extrémités tout en étant relié à l'élément de rupture 15, de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'élément de rupture 15, montée en aval de l'élément de rupture 15. La chambre de dépressurisation 16 forme également le réservoir de recueil. La conduite 19 se raccorde à une zone supérieure du cylindre de la chambre de dépressurisation 16. Une conduite 54 se raccorde à une zone inférieure du cylindre de la chambre de dépressurisation 16 pour le prélèvement de liquide. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement compact, le dispositif de prévention étant situé en grande partie au dessus de la cuveIn the embodiment of figures 10 and 11 , the prevention device is arranged substantially vertically, for example on the lid 2b of the tank 2. The depressurization chamber 16 comprises a cylinder of vertical axis closed at its ends while being connected to the rupture element 15, of diameter greater than that of the rupture element 15, mounted downstream of the rupture element 15. The depressurization chamber 16 also forms the collection reservoir. The pipe 19 is connected to an upper zone of the cylinder of the depressurization chamber 16. A pipe 54 connects to a lower zone of the cylinder of the depressurization chamber 16 for the withdrawal of liquid. This embodiment is particularly compact, the prevention device being located largely above the tank

Dans une variante avantageuse, la conduite 54 est reliée au réservoir d'appoint 8, voir pointillés sur la figure 10. Le volume disponible du réservoir d'appoint 8, c'est-à-dire la partie non occupée par un liquide, est disponible pour recevoir du liquide en provenance de la chambre de dépressurisation 16. Un élément de rupture supplémentaire 61 peut être disposé sur la conduite 54 entre la chambre de dépressurisation 16 et le réservoir d'appoint 8. L'élément de rupture supplémentaire 61 peut être taré à une pression de rupture plus élevée que l'élément de rupture 15 en amont de la chambre de dépressurisation 16In an advantageous variant, the pipe 54 is connected to the auxiliary tank 8, see dotted line on the figure 10 . The available volume of the makeup tank 8, i.e., the non-liquid-occupied portion, is available to receive liquid from the depressurization chamber 16. An additional fracture element 61 may be disposed on the line 54 between the depressurization chamber 16 and the makeup tank 8. The additional rupture element 61 can be calibrated at a higher breaking pressure than the rupture element 15 upstream of the depressurization chamber 16

En fonctionnement, la perte de charge dans la conduite 54 laisse le temps au clapet automatique 10 de se fermer lors d'une rupture de l'élément de rupture 15. Le réservoir d'appoint 8 recueille du liquide en provenance de la chambre de dépressurisation 16, le clapet automatique 10 étant fermé.In operation, the pressure drop in the pipe 54 allows the automatic valve 10 time to close upon rupture of the rupture element 15. The auxiliary tank 8 collects liquid from the depressurization chamber 16, the automatic valve 10 being closed.

Comme illustré sur la figure 11, la chambre de dépressurisation 16 débouche dans la conduite 17 située dans le prolongement de la conduite 26. La conduite 17 débouche dans le réservoir d'appoint 8.As illustrated on the figure 11 , the depressurization chamber 16 opens into the pipe 17 located in the extension of the pipe 26. The pipe 17 opens into the booster tank 8.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 12, le dispositif de prévention comprend une vanne 13 montée sur une sortie de la cuve 2 disposée en un point du corps 2a situé sensiblement entre la moitié et deux tiers de la hauteur du corps 2a. La conduite 17 est coudée vers le haut après la chambre de dépressurisation 16 et comprend une portion haute 17a disposée à un niveau supérieur à celui des enroulements du transformateur 1. A titre d'exemple, le bas de la portion haute 17a peut être situé à environ 20 mm au dessus de l'extrémité supérieure des enroulements. Ainsi, la décompression et la vidange partielle permet de conserver l'immersion des enroulements et l'isolation qui en découle.In the embodiment of the figure 12 , the prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a point of the body 2a located substantially between half and two thirds of the height of the body 2a. The pipe 17 is bent upwards after the depressurization chamber 16 and comprises an upper portion 17a disposed at a level higher than that of the windings of the transformer 1. For example, the bottom of the upper portion 17a may be located at about 20 mm above the upper end of the windings. Thus, the decompression and partial emptying keeps the immersion of the windings and the insulation that results.

La conduite 9 est pourvue d'un détecteur de gaz 55 disposé entre le clapet automatique 10 et le couvercle 2b de la cuve 2. Une conduite 56 relie la conduite 9 et la portion haute 17a de la conduite 17. La conduite 56 se raccorde à la conduite 9 entre le détecteur de gaz 55 et le clapet automatique 10. Sur la conduite 56 sont disposés une vanne manuelle 57 maintenue en position ouverte sauf pour les opérations de maintenance et une électrovanne 58 commandée par le boîtier de commande 23, en position fermée en service normal et en position ouverte après un relâchement de pression par l'élément 15, pour récupérer des gaz inflammables présents dans la conduite 9.The pipe 9 is provided with a gas detector 55 disposed between the automatic valve 10 and the lid 2b of the tank 2. A pipe 56 connects the pipe 9 and the upper portion 17a of the pipe 17. The pipe 56 is connected to the line 9 between the gas detector 55 and the automatic valve 10. On the pipe 56 are disposed a manual valve 57 held in the open position except for maintenance operations and a solenoid valve 58 controlled by the control box 23, in the closed position in normal operation and in the open position after a pressure release by the element 15, to recover flammable gases present in the pipe 9.

En outre, les traversées 6 à isolement à huile sont également pourvues d'un élément de relâchement de pression 59 débouchant dans une conduite 60 reliée à la conduite 17. L'élément de relâchement de pression 59 peut être de structure semblable à l'élément de relâchement de pression 15 et de calibre adapté. Ainsi, la cuve, les traversées et le changeur de prise en charge peuvent être pourvus d'éléments de relâchement de pression permettant d'accroître la probabilité de sauvegarde de leur intégrité.In addition, the oil-insulated bushings 6 are also provided with a pressure relief element 59 opening into a pipe 60 connected to the pipe 17. The pressure release element 59 may be of a structure similar to the element releasing pressure 15 and adapted caliber. Thus, the tank, the bushings and the load changer can be provided with elements of release of pressure to increase the probability of safeguarding their integrity.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 13, le dispositif de prévention comprend une vanne 13 montée sur une sortie de la cuve 2 disposée en un point bas du corps 2a. La conduite 17 est coudée vers le haut après la chambre de dépressurisation 16 et comprend une portion haute 17a comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent.In the embodiment of the figure 13 , the prevention device comprises a valve 13 mounted on an outlet of the tank 2 disposed at a low point of the body 2a. The pipe 17 is bent upwards after the depressurization chamber 16 and comprises a high portion 17a as in the previous embodiment.

Un tel système de protection est économique, autonome par rapport aux installations voisines, d'encombrement faible et sans maintenance.Such a protection system is economical, autonomous compared to neighboring installations, low footprint and maintenance-free.

L'unité de commande peut également être reliée aux capteurs accessoires tels que détecteur d'incendie, capteur de vapeur (buchholz) et au capteur de déclenchement de la cellule d'alimentation pour déclencher une extinction de l'incendie en cas de défaillance de la prévention d'explosion.The control unit can also be connected to accessory sensors such as fire detector, steam sensor (buchholz) and the trigger sensor of the supply cell to trigger a fire extinguishing in case of failure of the control unit. explosion prevention.

Grâce à l'invention, on dispose ainsi d'un dispositif de prévention contre l'explosion dans un transformateur qui nécessite peu de modifications des éléments du transformateur, qui détecte les ruptures d'isolation de façon extrêmement rapide et agissent simultanément de façon à limiter les conséquences en résultant, y compris dans des lieux confinés. Cela permet d'éviter les explosions des capacités d'huile et les incendies qui en résultent en réduisant les dégâts liés aux courts-circuits sur le transformateur ainsi que les changeurs de prise en charge et les traversées.Thanks to the invention, an explosion prevention device is thus available in a transformer that requires little modification of the transformer elements, which detects insulation failures in an extremely rapid manner and acts simultaneously in such a way as to limit the resulting consequences, including in confined spaces. This helps to prevent oil capacity explosions and resulting fires by reducing transformer-related short-circuit damage, as well as load changers and bushings.

Claims (11)

  1. Device for preventing the explosion of an electric transformer (1) equipped with a tank (2) filled with combustible coolant fluid, comprising a pressure relief element (15) arranged on an outlet of the tank to decompress the tank, a reservoir (18) arranged downstream of the pressure relief element, and at least one manually triggered valve (20) fitted at the outlet of the reservoir such that the reservoir is hermetic in order to collect a fluid that passes through the pressure relief element, characterized in that it includes a depressurization chamber (16) mounted between the pressure relief element (15) and the reservoir, a pipe (17) fitted between the depressurization chamber (16) and the reservoir (18), a conservator (8) connected to the tank (2) by a pipe (9), and a pipe (56) connecting the pipe (9) and a top portion of the pipe (17).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, including a manual valve (57) and a solenoid valve (58) arranged on the pipe (56).
  3. Device according to Claim 2, in which the solenoid valve (58) is controlled by a control unit (23) in the closed position during normal service and in the open position after a pressure relief by the pressure relief element (15).
  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the pipe (9) is provided with an automatic check valve (10) which shuts off the pipe (9) as soon as it detects a rapid movement of the fluid (7), and a gas detector (55) arranged between the automatic check valve (10) and a lid (2b) of the tank (2).
  5. Device according to Claim 4, in which the pipe (56) is connected between the gas detector (55) and the automatic check valve (10), to the pipe (9) arranged between the tank (2) and the conservator (8).
  6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the pipe (17) fitted between the depressurization chamber (16) and the reservoir (18) includes the top portion (17a) arranged at a level that is higher than the level of the windings of the transformer.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the depressurization chamber (16) has an approximately horizontal axis.
  8. Device according to any one of the Claims 1 to 5, in which the depressurization chamber (16) has an approximately vertical axis.
  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a pipe (54) connected to a lower area of the depressurization chamber (16) for the removal of liquid.
  10. Device according to Claim 9, including a pipe (19) for evacuating gases.
  11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which an on-load tap changer (25) is connected by a drainage pipe (26) to the pipe (17).
EP10011581A 2005-06-29 2006-06-22 Device for preventing explosions in an electrical transformer Active EP2287865B1 (en)

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PL10011581T PL2287865T3 (en) 2005-06-29 2006-06-22 Device for preventing explosions in an electrical transformer
CY20121101118T CY1113390T1 (en) 2005-06-29 2012-11-21 DEVICE TO PREVENT THE EXPLOSION OF AN ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER

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FR0506661A FR2888034B1 (en) 2005-06-29 2005-06-29 DEVICE FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF AN ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER
EP06764812A EP1908085B1 (en) 2005-06-29 2006-06-22 Device for preventing the explosion of an electrical transformer

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EP06764812.1 Division 2006-06-22

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AR054520A1 (en) 2007-06-27
AU2006264846A1 (en) 2007-01-11
CN102768896A (en) 2012-11-07
WO2007003736A1 (en) 2007-01-11
JP2012074728A (en) 2012-04-12
HK1176458A1 (en) 2013-07-26
EA200702653A1 (en) 2008-04-28
CN102768896B (en) 2015-04-01
EP1908085B1 (en) 2011-08-10
CN101031985B (en) 2012-08-01
AP2474A (en) 2012-09-25
BRPI0613852B1 (en) 2019-01-15
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US7317598B2 (en) 2008-01-08
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ES2371221T3 (en) 2011-12-28
FR2888034A1 (en) 2007-01-05
PL1908085T3 (en) 2012-01-31
EP2287865A2 (en) 2011-02-23
CA2611221C (en) 2011-08-23
DK2287865T3 (en) 2012-11-26
DK1908085T3 (en) 2011-11-21
BRPI0613852A2 (en) 2011-02-15
JP5759880B2 (en) 2015-08-05
PT1908085E (en) 2011-10-27
ES2393531T3 (en) 2012-12-26
US20070001793A1 (en) 2007-01-04
EP2287865A3 (en) 2011-03-23
ATE520134T1 (en) 2011-08-15
CN101031985A (en) 2007-09-05
PT2287865E (en) 2012-11-19
SI1908085T1 (en) 2011-11-30
TWI404084B (en) 2013-08-01
FR2888034B1 (en) 2010-10-08
UA90520C2 (en) 2010-05-11
TW201303924A (en) 2013-01-16
MY149205A (en) 2013-07-31
KR101325252B1 (en) 2013-11-04
TW200707476A (en) 2007-02-16
KR101278105B1 (en) 2013-06-24
KR20080031220A (en) 2008-04-08
EG25269A (en) 2011-12-04
FR2950469A1 (en) 2011-03-25
JP5054683B2 (en) 2012-10-24
PL2287865T3 (en) 2013-01-31
FR2950469B1 (en) 2011-12-02
ZA200710988B (en) 2008-10-29
EA012010B1 (en) 2009-06-30
TWI470654B (en) 2015-01-21
NZ564383A (en) 2010-03-26
JO2640B1 (en) 2012-06-17
KR20120128165A (en) 2012-11-26
CY1113390T1 (en) 2016-06-22
EP1908085A1 (en) 2008-04-09
JP2009500818A (en) 2009-01-08
AU2006264846B2 (en) 2010-08-12

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