EP2281216A2 - Coupleur à fibre optique - Google Patents

Coupleur à fibre optique

Info

Publication number
EP2281216A2
EP2281216A2 EP09735324A EP09735324A EP2281216A2 EP 2281216 A2 EP2281216 A2 EP 2281216A2 EP 09735324 A EP09735324 A EP 09735324A EP 09735324 A EP09735324 A EP 09735324A EP 2281216 A2 EP2281216 A2 EP 2281216A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
inner tube
section
tapering
fiber coupler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09735324A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Malte Kumkar
Marcin Michal Kozak
Clemens HÖNNINGER
Andreas Liem
Thomas Gabler
Inka MANEK-HÖNNINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trumpf Laser GmbH
Original Assignee
JT OPTICAL ENGINE GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JT OPTICAL ENGINE GmbH and Co KG filed Critical JT OPTICAL ENGINE GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2281216A2 publication Critical patent/EP2281216A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2856—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers formed or shaped by thermal heating means, e.g. splitting, branching and/or combining elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094019—Side pumped fibre, whereby pump light is coupled laterally into the fibre via an optical component like a prism, or a grating, or via V-groove coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094049—Guiding of the pump light
    • H01S3/094053—Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fiber coupler.
  • Such a fiber coupler is used, for example, for optically pumping a fiber laser or fiber amplifier in order to inject pump light into the pump core of a signal light-conducting signal fiber via pumping light.
  • Such couplers are used, for example, in conjunction with cladding-pumped fiber lasers. For this it is desirable to pump light in the pump jacket of the
  • a tapering fiber bundle in which the pump fibers are pre-tipped and then fused with the signal fiber, which is optionally tapered by etching. It is disadvantageous here that the signal fiber must be strongly heated for fusion and / or that the fusion does not result in a structure which is easy to break and to be spliced.
  • the taper of the fiber coupler is achieved by the taper of a signal fiber, which adversely affects the guiding property of the signal fiber, thereby reducing, for example, the maximum power of a laser having this coupler. Based on this, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved fiber coupler.
  • a fiber coupler having an inner tube, an inner tube disposed in the inner tube and a plurality of outer fibers disposed around the outer fibers, wherein the fiber coupler tapers in the longitudinal direction of the inner fiber, from a main portion to an end portion and the inner cross section of the inner tube along the tapered Section of the fiber coupler corresponds to the cross section of the inner fiber.
  • the inner tube By providing the inner tube, it is possible to leave the cross section of the inner fiber unchanged and at the same time to form the desired tapering section. Furthermore, it can be achieved by the provision of the inner tube, that the inner fiber is exposed in the manufacturing process of the fiber coupler of a comparatively low thermal load. Overall, this promotes undisturbed signal routing through the fiber coupler according to the invention.
  • Undisturbed signal routing here means in particular that the losses are kept as low as possible and that the mode distribution is maintained.
  • the outer fibers can efficiently guide the light, particularly by the tapered portion and the end portion. Efficient guidance of the light from the outer fibers through the fiber coupler means, in particular, that the light is conducted with low loss to the end section and that the brilliance is retained as well as possible. Best possible brilliance is achieved in this case if the light supplied by the outer fibers is guided through an end section of the smallest possible area with the lowest possible divergence.
  • the provision of the inner tube also brings advantages in the manufacture of the fiber coupler with it. Thus, no direct contact between outer fibers and inner fibers is necessary because the necessary optical contact takes place via the inner tube. Therefore, in the manufacture of the
  • Faserkopplers the formation of the tapered section and contacting
  • Faserkopplers the heat input into the inner fiber can be minimized.
  • direct contact between outer fibers and inner fibers has hitherto been produced. On the one hand, this can lead to an undesirably high heat input into the inner fiber. On the other hand, one is severely limited in the selection of the inner fiber.
  • an over-coupling of the light from the outer fibers into the inner fiber in the tapered section or tapering region is made possible.
  • This overcoupling is due to the optical contact between inner fiber and inner tube on the one hand and at e.g. complete fusion of the outer fibers with the inner tube on the other hand, in terms of the brilliance of the pump light achieved in the end portion cheaper than known solutions in which the pumping light fibers are individually rejuvenated. Any increase in the divergence due to the tapering of a structure without optical contact with the inner fiber limits the achievable brilliance of the pump light in the end section compared with the solution according to the invention.
  • the tapered portion may be formed so that the light guided through the outer fibers from the main portion to the end portion does not exceed a predetermined (allowable) divergence.
  • the cross-sectional area of the end section is preferably as small as possible.
  • the main portion can be characterized, for example, by the cross-sectional shape of the outer fibers remaining substantially constant along the main portion.
  • the main portion may be formed so that the divergence of the light guided in the outer fiber is not increased or substantially increased.
  • the end portion may have a different extension in the longitudinal direction of the fiber coupler according to the invention. This expansion can be 0 in extreme cases. In this case, the end portion is the end of the taper portion.
  • the end portion when the extension of the end portion is not equal to 0 in the longitudinal direction, the end portion may be characterized by no longer changing the cross-sectional shape of the outer fibers along the end portion.
  • the outer fibers may be in direct optical contact with the inner tube along the end portion.
  • the outer fibers may be fused to the inner tube.
  • the tapering section and the end section preferably have no air pockets between the outer fibers and the inner tube and between the inner tube and the inner fiber.
  • the fiber coupler can be used to couple light from the outer fibers into the inner fiber or to couple light from the inner fiber into the extra fiber.
  • it is used for optically pumping a fiber laser or fiber amplifier.
  • the outer fibers may be referred to as pump fibers which couple pump light into the inner fiber, which may then be referred to as signal fiber.
  • the inner fiber is preferably a double-core or triple-core fiber, although it may also contain more than three cores. It can be doped with laser-active ions for use as an amplifier fiber / laser fiber or passively used as a transport fiber. Furthermore, the inner fiber may be polarization maintaining or polarizing and / or LMA (Large-Mode-Area Fiber) with or without air pockets.
  • LMA Large-Mode-Area Fiber
  • the cross section of the inner and outer fibers can be circular, oval or even polygonal (for example, rectangular, hexagonal, 8-square) or shaped differently.
  • the outer fibers may extend parallel to one another along the longitudinal direction of the inner fiber. Twisting the outer fiber along the longitudinal direction is not necessary, but is possible.
  • the beam quality (eg brilliance, power and / or divergence of the light guided in the outer fibers and / or in the inner fiber) is optimally optimally obtained due to the tapered section, wherein the side coupling in the region of the tapered section External fibers to the inner fiber, the signal routing in the inner fiber is only minimally affected.
  • the inner cross section of the inner tube along the tapered portion remain the same. However, it is also possible that it will decrease. It is particularly important that the inner cross section of the inner tube of the tapered portion is equal to the cross section of the inner fiber.
  • the inner tube may be collapsed along the tapered portion on the inner fiber or fused thereto. This is advantageous in that the inner tube can serve as a support structure for the outer fiber in the production of the tapering section and in the finished fiber coupler is part of the fiber coupler.
  • the outer fibers may extend along the entire tapered portion, with their radial extent correspondingly tapering.
  • the outer fibers may be in optical contact with the inner fiber via the inner tube along the tapered portion. As the outer fibers extend along the entire tapered portion, they may be in direct optical contact with the inner tube along the entire tapered portion. Without such contact along the tapered portion, as much brilliance as with this contact can not be achieved in the end portion, and the reduction in brilliance provided by the external fibers would be enhanced.
  • the fiber coupler according to the invention may further comprise an outer tube, in which the inner tube at least partially (seen in the longitudinal direction of the inner tube) is arranged and in which the outer fibers at least partially (viewed in the longitudinal direction of theticianfasem) extend.
  • the outer fibers may extend between outer tube and inner tube.
  • the outer fibers extend to the tapered portion are optically coupled to an end face of the inner tube (eg, by direct contact of end face of the outer fibers with the end face of the inner tube) and the wall thickness of the inner tube along the tapered portion decreases.
  • the wall thickness of the outer tube along the tapered portion may decrease.
  • the outer tube extends along the entire tapered portion.
  • the outer tube and the inner tube may be integrally formed together by bores in a carrier. However, it is also possible, for example, form two-piece outer and inner tube by corresponding holes in two sub-carriers. Of course, it is also possible to form outer and inner tube of more than two sub-carriers.
  • the division into partial carriers is preferably in the longitudinal direction of the fiber coupler. When outer and inner tubes are formed in multiple pieces, it is preferred that these multi-piece parts are firmly and permanently connected to each other in the finished fiber coupler (for example, fused together).
  • a method for producing a fiber coupler comprising the following steps: a) producing a blank, which comprises an inner tube and a plurality of around the inner tube and / or on the end face of the inner tube adjacent outer fibers and which tapers along the longitudinal direction of the inner tube so in that it comprises a tapering portion connecting a main portion of the blank to an end portion of the blank, wherein a blanking step of providing the plurality of outer fibers and a tapering step of forming the tapering portion are performed to produce the blank, and b ) Introducing an inner fiber into the inner tube, wherein after the tapering step, the inner cross section of the inner tube along the tapering section corresponds to the cross section of the inserted inner fiber.
  • the cross section of the inner fiber is not changed, so that the manufactured fiber coupler can provide a coupling in which the quality of the inner fiber is not deteriorated.
  • the tapering step before the step b). In this case, it is possible to either leave unchanged or change the inner cross section of the inner tube in the tapering step. If it is changed, it is changed so that it corresponds after the tapering so the cross section of the inner fibers to be introduced, that the inner fiber can be introduced straight into the inner tube.
  • the outer fibers may be fused (at least partially, for example, in the tapered section to be formed subsequently) to the inner tube.
  • unwanted air pockets can be prevented.
  • Step b) may be performed prior to the tapering step.
  • the taper is preferably performed so that no cross-sectional change of the inserted inner fiber occurs.
  • the manufacturing process is carried out as a continuous process, in which the inner fiber is already introduced into the inner tube prior to the tapering, the tapering of the blank and at the same time a subsequent collapse of the inner tube to the signal fiber (for example, together with a fusion of both).
  • the collapse thus spatially follows the rejuvenation step.
  • the inner tube may be collapsed along the tapering portion onto the inner fiber. This achieves good optical contact between the outer and inner fibers.
  • the inner tube can be fused with the inner fiber along the collapsed portion.
  • negative pressure can be used during collapsing.
  • the outer fibers can be inserted between the inner tube and an outer tube which surrounds the latter at least partially in the longitudinal direction.
  • This is a blank, in which one can easily form, for example, by mechanical pulling the outer tube and the outer fibers, the tapering section in the tapering step.
  • the outer tube used in step a) in the region of the tapering section to be produced in the tapering step can have a closed inner cross section for receiving the inner fiber.
  • the closed inner cross section can be present not only in the region of the tapering section, but also in the region of the end section of the blank and thus of the fiber coupler then produced.
  • the inner tube used also has a closed cross-section for receiving the inner fiber in the region of the tapering section to be produced in the tapering step. Even with the inner tube, the closed section can be present both in the tapering section and in the end section of the blank and thus of the fiber coupler then produced. Due to the closed design of the outer and / or inner tube, it is possible to selectively apply overpressure or underpressure during production in order to improve the production of the fiber coupler.
  • external fibers can also be used in the provisioning step, which are already tapered in the region of the tapering section to be produced in the tapering step.
  • the outer fibers can be preprocessed before step a). This concerns, for example, the already mentioned tapering of the outer fibers. It is also possible to splice the outer fiber to a feed fiber, to provide a mode stripper, an integrable mode field matching, an integrated filter, etc. Also, the inner fiber can be pre-processed prior to insertion in step b). This preprocessing may include, for example, mode field matching, tapering, integration of mode filters or spectral filters, fabrication of a mode filter, and / or splicing of multiple fiber pieces.
  • the method may include a step of forming a receiving portion (for example, by inflation) in which the outer fibers and / or the inner fiber are taken up and also supported.
  • the tapering of the blank in the tapering step may be effected by material deformation and / or material removal. This applies to the pump fibers and if an outer tube is provided, also for the outer tube.
  • the wall thickness of the inner tube can be reduced in the tapering step.
  • the outer fibers are tapered so that the cross-sectional areas of the outer fibers in the tapered portion decrease in the direction of the taper.
  • the outer fibers are preferably arranged to be parallel to each other.
  • the provision of the outer tube may be effected by providing a carrier having a central bore for the inner fiber and a plurality of outer bores surrounding the central bore for the outer fibers.
  • the carrier may be in one piece. However, it is also possible to form the carrier in two pieces. In this case, an inner part having the center hole and an outer part are preferably provided.
  • the outer bores may preferably be formed by the inner and outer parts in the assembled state.
  • the inner and outer fibers are preferably introduced without sheathing in the fiber coupler.
  • both the inner fiber and the outer fibers are not sheathed in the tapered section or taper section.
  • the outer tube may be made of a low refractive material.
  • the inner and outer bores are preferably designed so that the inner and outer fibers are received positively.
  • a longitudinally split inner tube can be used. This allows the fiber coupler according to the invention can be formed not only at the end of an inner fiber, but in a central portion without sheathing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fiber coupler according to a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken along the line B-B of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 10 shows the fiber coupler of Fig. 1 with spliced fiber 9; 11 shows a fiber coupler according to a second embodiment;
  • Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F of Fig. 11;
  • FIG. 14 shows a fiber coupler according to a third embodiment
  • FIG. 15 shows a fiber coupler according to a fourth embodiment
  • FIGS. 20-23 show steps for producing a fiber coupler according to another embodiment
  • Fig. 24 is a view of a carrier used in the steps of Figs. 20-23;
  • Fig. 25 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 23;
  • Fig. 26 is a fiber coupler made with steps 20-23;
  • 27a-c are sectional views of a two-part carrier 10
  • 28a-c are sectional views of another two-part carrier 10;
  • Figs. 29-33 show various embodiments of the carrier of Fig. 24;
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 show steps for producing a further fiber coupler
  • FIG. 36 shows the further fiber coupler produced by the steps of FIGS. 34 and 35;
  • FIG. 37 shows a fiber coupler according to a further embodiment
  • Figs. 38 and 39 show steps for manufacturing the fiber coupler of Fig. 37;
  • Fig. 40 is a plan view of the end face 8 of the end portion 7 of the fiber coupler of Fig. 37; 41-43 different refractive index profiles of the end face 8 of Fig. 40;
  • FIG. 48 shows the fiber coupler according to the invention with surrounding medium
  • FIGS. 50 and 51 show steps for producing a fiber coupler according to another embodiment.
  • the fiber coupler 1 comprises an inner tube 2 with a circular cross-section, in which a signal fiber SF, which is designed here as a double-core fiber introduced.
  • the inner tube 2 is seated in the middle in an outer tube 3 and between the inner and outer tube 2, 3 eight are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the signal fiber SF pumping fibers PF.
  • the inner tube 2 supports the pump fibers PF and can therefore also be referred to as a support tube.
  • the fiber coupler 1 is formed so as to have a tapered receiving portion 4, a main portion 5, a taper portion 6, and an end portion 7 of substantially constant outer diameter in the illustration of FIG. 1 from left to right.
  • the inner tube 2 has, except for its widening on the left side in Figure 1 for receiving the signal fiber SF with sheath SM on a substantially constant inner cross-section over its entire length (within the outer tube 3).
  • the pump fibers PF and the outer tube 2 are tapered in the tapering section 6.
  • the wall thickness of the inner tube 2 also decreases along the narrowing section 6.
  • the tapering section 6 is characterized in particular in that the outer diameter of the outer tube 3 decreases in the longitudinal direction of the fiber coupler 1. Further, the inner tube 2 is located with the entire surface of its inner side along the taper portion 6 on the signal fiber SF so that there is a direct optical contact. Air pockets between the inner tube 2 and the signal fiber SF should not be present along the taper section, such as the cross-sectional view in FIG Figure 4 can be removed. In the embodiment described here, the inner tube 2 is fused along the tapering section 6 with the signal fiber SF.
  • the length of the tapered section 6 is chosen here so that the increase in the divergence in the tapering section 6 takes place successively over the length, in order to avoid excessive divergence increase or even power losses.
  • the pump fibers PF are fused along the narrowing section 6 to the inner tube 2.
  • the left open end of the outer tube 2 has an inner diameter which is chosen so that just enough space between the inner and outer tube 2, 3 is present in order to introduce pump fibers PF with your sheath PM can.
  • eight pump fibers PF are distributed uniformly around the inner tube 2 and the signal fiber SF in the circumferential direction.
  • the casing PM extends only to the tapered region of the receiving portion 4 and from there the pump fibers PF no longer have a cladding PM. Therefore, the inner diameter of the outer tube 3 at the transition from the receiving portion 4 to the main portion 5 is selected so that the distance between the signal fiber SF and the inner wall of the outer tube 3 in the radial direction is slightly larger than the diameter of the pump fibers PF.
  • the pump fibers PF are already in contact with the inner tube 2.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the pump fibers PF is no longer circular, but already slightly deviating from the circular shape ( Figure 3).
  • the outer diameter of the outer tube 3 is substantially constant along the main portion 5.
  • the main portion 5 is formed so that the divergence of the guided in the pump fibers PF (pump) light is not or not substantially increased.
  • the light can also be in the Main section 5 partially from the pump fibers PF in the remaining pump fibers PF, the signal fibers SF or the outer tube 3 pass.
  • the shape of the pump fibers PF will adjust so that they completely fill the space between the outer tube 3 and inner tube 2, wherein the pump fibers PF in the direction of the end portion 7 is always tapering and close around the inner tube 2.
  • the end portion 7 is characterized in the embodiment described here by the fact that in the longitudinal direction (ie in Figure 1 from left to right), the dimensions of the inner tube 2, outer tube 3, SF signal fiber and pump fibers PF in cross section no longer change. Further, the inner tube 2 is located along the end portion 7 on its entire inner side of the signal fiber SF, so that there is a direct optical contact. Also in the end portion 7, the inner tube 2 is merged with the signal fiber SF in the same manner as in the taper section 6. Furthermore, the pump fibers PF lie directly against the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 3 rests directly against the pump fibers PF. Also in the end section no air pockets are available. At the front end 8 of the end portion 7, a fiber (not shown) may be spliced.
  • the pump fibers PF along the entire narrowing section 6 on the inner tube 2 so that in the pump fibers PF guided light (partially) can be over-coupled in the signal fiber SF, in which the light is then passed on.
  • the inner tube 2 may be collapsed or fused by the action of heat on the signal fiber SF, so that an excellent optical coupling between pump fibers PF, which bear against the inner tube 2, and the signal fiber SF is present.
  • the inner tube 2 is arranged with a circular cross section in the middle in the outer tube 3, which also has a circular cross section.
  • the eight pump fibers PF are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction (FIG. 6), so that a fiber coupler blank 1 'is present. So that the inner diameter of the inner tube 3 is not reduced, the inner tube is pressurized, as indicated by the arrow P1.
  • the outer tube 3 is fused with the pump fibers PF in the area SB.
  • the outer tube 3 and the pump fibers PF are tapered by mechanical drawing (indicated by arrows P2) under heating in a central portion MA of the blank 1 '(the radial expansion is reduced).
  • the fiber coupler blank 1 ' has a tapered central portion MA.
  • the inner tube is subjected to pressure (arrow P1). The pressure is chosen as a function of the mechanical drawing and the heating so that the free cross section of the inner tube 2 after pulling just corresponds to the cross section of the introduced signal fiber SF or slightly larger, so that the signal fiber SF is insertable.
  • the blank 1 'of Figure 8 can, but need not, a complete fusion of the structure of the inner tube 2, pump fibers PF and optionally outer tube 3 in the central portion MA and the two subsequent sections SA1, SA2 with increasing outer diameter (eg up to the points SP1, SP2), in which cavities or air inclusions are removed at least from the middle section MA and optionally from the sections SA1, SA2 adjoining on both sides.
  • the inner tube 2 is preferably pressurized. In the removal of the cavities or air pockets optionally negative pressure between the inner and outer tubes 2, 3 are used.
  • the signal fiber SF is introduced in a further step (FIG. 9).
  • the inner tube 2 is collapsed onto the signal fiber SF at least in the area of the middle section MA and the side section SA1 adjoining it (FIG. 9) in order to achieve a good optical contact between pump fibers PF and signal fiber SF.
  • This collapse of the inner tube 2 on the signal fiber SF can be carried out, for example, by targeted heat.
  • the inner tube 2 can be subjected to negative pressure.
  • the heat effect described in the above steps can be achieved with a wide variety of heat sources, such as CO 2 laser, arc or resistance heating.
  • the fiber coupler blank Y of Fig. 9 is then severed at the central portion (e.g., by breaking or cutting) to obtain the fiber coupler 1 of Fig. 1.
  • the fiber coupler 1 thus obtained can also be spliced to a geometrically adapted fiber 9, as shown schematically in FIG.
  • the fiber coupler 1 according to another embodiment shown in FIG. 11 can be manufactured essentially by the steps 6 to 9. However, the heating for fusing the pump fibers PF with the inner tube 2 and the inner tube 2 with the introduced signal fiber SF is performed so that this fusion occurs only in the middle portion MA and the left side portion SA1 in Fig. 11. This ensures that the optical contact between the inner tube 2 and the signal fiber SF is present only in the side portion SA1 and the central portion MA. In the side section SA2 adjoining the middle section MA on the right, there is no optical contact between the inner tube 2 and the signal fiber SF. This can also be seen in the cross-sectional views in FIGS. 12 and 13, which show the cross section along the section EE or FF. While in the cross-section of Fig.
  • FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of the fiber coupler 1 according to the invention.
  • the fiber coupler of Fig. 14 differs from the fiber coupler of Fig. 1 in the configuration of the end portion 7.
  • the end portion 7 is formed in the fiber coupler of Fig. 14 so as to be formed solely by the signal fiber SF itself.
  • the outer tube 3, the pump fibers PF and the inner tube 2 are tapered until their thickness decreases to 0, so that only the signal fiber SF is present in the end section 7.
  • FIG. 15 shows a fiber coupler according to a further embodiment, which differs from the fiber coupler of FIG. 1 essentially only in that it has no bulge at its left open end for receiving the pump fibers PF with sheath PM.
  • the fiber coupler 1 of Fig. 15 does not include a receiving portion 4, but begins on its left side in Figure 15 equal to the main portion 5.
  • the inner tube 2 is pulled slightly further to the left and the portion of the pump fibers PF with the Jacket PM is disposed outside of the outer tube 3 on the inner tube 2.
  • FIGS. 16 to 19 The production of the fiber coupler 1 according to FIG. 15 is shown in FIGS. 16 to 19, these steps essentially corresponding to the steps according to FIGS. 6 to 9, so that reference can be made to the statements relating to FIGS. 6 to 9.
  • the fiber coupler blank 1 ' which is present in the insertion of the signal fiber SF, may be formed differently.
  • the signal fiber SF is introduced directly after insertion of the pump fibers PF, then there is a fiber coupler blank 1 1 , in which the individual components are not fused, so that there are still voids in the later tapering region of the central portion between the inner tube 2 and outer tube are located.
  • the fiber coupler tube ring 1 may already partially or completely be formed tapered in the subsequent steps prior to insertion of the signal fiber SF Middle section MA fused, so that no voids exist between the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 3 in the central portion MA.
  • the taper of the central portion is completed substantially before merging
  • the second case offers a continuous process in which the collapse and melting of the inner tube 2 on the signal fiber SF spatially trailing the deformation of the fiber coupler blank 1 ' to the heat input in the
  • the deformation of the fiber coupler blank 1 1 can be done by mechanical drawing and heat input regardless of the deformation of the signal fiber SF. If the considered section is properly deformed, the collapse on the
  • FIGS. 20 to 25 The production of a further embodiment of the fiber coupler 1 according to the invention is described in conjunction with FIGS. 20 to 25.
  • Fig. 24 is a section through the carrier 10 of Fig. 20 is shown, wherein in the sectional view, only the carrier 10 itself is shown without introduced fibers.
  • the carrier 10 has a circular cross section with a central central bore 11, which serves to receive the signal fiber SF.
  • the wall of the central bore 11 thus forms the inner tube.
  • pumping fibers PF (without pump-sheath PM) are inserted into the pumping tubing 12.
  • the diameter of the Pumpfaserbohrept 12 is chosen so that the pump fibers PF can be just introduced.
  • the right side of the central bore 11 is closed by a plug 13.
  • the pump fibers PF are fused to the walls of the pump fiber bores 12 in the area SB.
  • the signal fiber SF is inserted into the center hole 11 and the wall of the center hole 11 is collapsed onto the signal fiber (FIG. 23) to achieve the desired optical contact between the carrier 10 and the signal fiber SF.
  • the collapse can take place by means of thermal effect with or without negative pressure. If the cross-sectional geometry of signal fiber SF and inner tube (or central bore 11) agrees well, the inner tube with low heat input can be well collapsed onto the signal fiber SF. Preferably, in this case negative pressure is used, whereby larger cross-sectional differences can be bridged. Even bigger ones
  • the fiber coupler blank 1 'of Fig. 23 is present, the cross section of which is shown along A-A in Fig. 25.
  • the blank 1 ' may e.g. at this intersection A-A point to complete the desired fiber coupler 1 shown in FIG.
  • the fiber coupler 1 may be spliced to the fiber 9.
  • the centering of the inner bore 11 to the outer geometry of the carrier 10 is fixed in this embodiment.
  • This position specification together with the extensive positive engagement of the pump fibers PF facilitates the maintenance of symmetry during the fusion and tapering of the fiber coupler blank 1 1 , whereby the maintenance of the centering of the central bore 11 and compliance with the cross-sectional geometry of the central bore 11 can be facilitated or ensured.
  • the pump fibers PF and the outer tube (or the corresponding area of the carrier 10) are deformed only to a limited extent, so that an undesirable division of the divergence of the light guided in the pump fibers PF can be restricted.
  • the carrier 10 may be integral. However, it is also possible to assemble the carrier 10 from an inner part 15 (Figure 27a) having the central bore 11 and an outer part 16 (Figure 27b), with the inner and outer parts 15, 16 in the assembled state (Fig 27c) form the Pumpfaserbohrept 12 next to the central bore 11.
  • the inner part 15 may each be formed so that it is longer than the outer part 16 so that it at least at one end of the outer part 16 protrudes over this. This makes it possible to pressurize the center bore 11, if desired, with pressure (positive or negative pressure). Furthermore, this allows the guidance of the signal fiber SF and / or the pump fibers PF beyond the area of the outer part 16.
  • the carrier 10 has an upper part 15 'and a lower part 16' which, when viewed in cross-section, are each semicircular.
  • two Pumpmaschinebohronne 12 are completely formed and two Pumpfaserbohrept and the intermediate central bore 11 only in each case half so that only in the assembled state, which is shown in Fig. 30, the two parts 15 ' and 16 'also the center hole 11 and the two adjacent Pumpmaschinebohrept 12 form.
  • the two parts 15 'and 16' are fixed by a surrounding holding tube HR.
  • the holding tube HR may be provided on its inside e.g. have a lowered refractive index, which is indicated here by the darker representation.
  • the lowering of the refractive index of the inside compared to the outside area (the larger radius part) may be e.g. be achieved by a fluorine doping.
  • the sheath SM can be removed over the length corresponding to the length of the two parts 15 'and 16'. Thereafter, the signal fiber with its sheathless section in the half-central bore of one of the two sections 15 'and 16' placed and the other portion 16 'or 15' on the portion 15 ', 16' with the signal fiber SF placed. About these two parts 15 'and 16' with the signal fiber SF in the central bore 11, the holding tube HR is then pushed. The pump fibers PF can be introduced into the pump fiber bores 12 before or after the holding tube is slid over. The fiber coupler blank then present can then be subjected, for example, to similar steps as described in connection with FIGS. 22 and 23 in order to arrive at a desired fiber coupler 1.
  • the fiber coupler can be made completely without splicing and one has a continuous active fiber on which a coupling point is introduced.
  • FIG. 31 an example of a carrier 10 is shown in which the central bore 11 is surrounded by eighteen pumping fiber bores 12, all bores having a circular cross section.
  • the signal fiber is surrounded by a plurality of "pump rings.”
  • the six pump fiber bores 12 directly adjacent to the center bore 11 form a first ring
  • the pump fiber bores surrounding these six pump fiber bores form a second ring
  • the pump fibers form in the respective pump well bores thus in the manufactured fiber coupler a first (inner) "pump ring” and a second (outer) "pump ring".
  • FIG. 32 an example of a carrier is shown, in which the central hole 11 is surrounded with circular cross-section of twenty-four Pumpmaschinebohronne 12 with rectangular cross-section.
  • Fig. 33 a variant is shown in which the carrier has the central bore 11 of circular cross-section, which is surrounded by twelve Pumpmaschinebohrept 12, each having a rectangular cross-section.
  • the carrier 10 has a hexagonal structure of the circumference of the cross section and the central bore 11 is also hexagonal.
  • the hexagonal central bore 11 is surrounded by six rectangular Pumpfasubohrept 12.
  • FIGS. 34 to 36 A further embodiment of the fiber coupler according to the invention will be described in connection with FIGS. 34 to 36.
  • a fiber coupler blank 1 ' is produced (Fig. 34).
  • the fiber coupler blank 1 ' is immersed in a bath 17 of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and pulled up from the bath 17 (Fig. 35) (arrow P4). Since the lower sections of the fiber coupler blank 1 'thus linger longer in the hydrofluoric acid than those above lying portions, the material removal is greater in the lower sections, so that the indicated in Fig. 35 wedge-shaped shape of the fiber coupler blank 1 'results.
  • HF hydrofluoric acid
  • a paraffin layer 18 is preferably applied, which ensures that the hydrofluoric acid is completely stripped off when the fiber coupler blank 1 'is withdrawn.
  • the inner tube can be pressurized (P1) or closed to ensure that the inner diameter of the inner tube is not reduced.
  • the signal fiber SF is introduced and the inner tube 2 is collapsed onto the signal fiber SF. Thereafter, by cutting, the front end 8 is formed, which can be spliced to a geometrically adapted fiber 9 ( Figure 36).
  • the signal fiber may be introduced in advance (as before the tapering portion of FIG. 35).
  • the taper does not have to be at the end, end portion could be provided elsewhere in the course of the process.
  • the tapering section 6 is produced by material removal in contrast to the previous embodiments. Further, the taper portion extends to the front end 8 and the front end face of the fiber coupler 1, so that the front end 8 also simultaneously forms the end portion of the fiber coupler 1.
  • the inner tube 2 does not extend along the entire fiber coupler 1, but only beginning in the tapering section 6 and along the end section 7, wherein the inner diameter of the inner tube 2 remains constant, but reduces the outer diameter of the inner tube 2 and thus the wall thickness of the inner tube 2 along the tapering section 6.
  • the tapered inner tube 2 is collapsed onto the signal fiber SF and on the left end 20 of the inner tube 2, the front ends of the pump body PF lie flat on to ensure good optical contact between the pump fibers PF and inner tube 2.
  • Such a fiber coupler 1 can in turn be spliced to a geometrically adapted fiber 9, as indicated in Fig. 37.
  • the fabrication of the fiber coupler 1 of FIG. 37 will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 38 and 39.
  • the inner tube 2 is inserted only partly from the right side in FIG. 38 into the outer tube 3.
  • eight pump fibers PF are inserted so that their front ends 21 lie flat against the end face 20 of the inner tube 2.
  • the wall thickness of the inner tube 2 is here chosen so that it corresponds to the diameter of the pump fibers PF, so that in the region of the central portion MA of the blank 1 'is a central channel, which can just receive the signal fiber SF.
  • the outer tube 3 is fused to the inner tube 2. There is no connection between the inner tube 2 and the signal fiber SF and between the pump fibers PF and the signal fiber SF.
  • the blank V is tapered so that the inner diameter of the inner tube 2 remains constant, as shown in FIG. This can e.g. by pulling the outer tube 3 and inner tube 2 and simultaneous heat input. Since the signal fiber SF is not connected to the inner tube 2, it is not tapered in this taper itself. Thereafter, the inner tube 2 is collapsed onto the signal fiber SF to achieve the desired optical contact, and the fiber coupler blank 1 'is e.g. at the point shown by the arrow P5 or broken to form the front end 8.
  • the front end 8 can then, as indicated in Fig. 37, be spliced to a geometrically matched fiber 9.
  • FIG. 40 shows the end 8 of an embodiment of the fiber coupler according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 41 to 43 show various possible refractive index profiles in the radial direction of the end 8 of the fiber coupler 1. These refractive index profiles preferably extend in the axial direction over the end section 7 and the taper section 6 of the fiber coupler 1, wherein the radial positions of the refractive index jumps shift, since the signal fiber SF does not taper differently than the rest of the structure.
  • the refractive index n1 of the signal core of the signal fiber SF is the highest.
  • the refractive index of the remaining signal fiber SF, the inner tube 2 and the pump fibers PF are equal to (n2) and smaller than n1.
  • the refractive index n3 of the outer tube 3 is again smaller than the refractive index n2.
  • n2 and n3 are equal.
  • the signal fiber SF has a so-called refractive index pedestal with a refractive index n2 which is smaller than the refractive index n1 of the signal core of the signal fiber SF and greater than the refractive index of outer tube 3, inner tube 2 and pump fibers PF. which have the same refractive index n3 or a similar refractive index.
  • a variant is shown, in which a low-breaking inner tube 2 is used, so that the refractive index n2 of the inner tube is less than the refractive index n3 of the outer tube 3 and the pump fibers PF.
  • the signal fiber SF also has the refractive index n3 up to its signal core.
  • the signal core has a larger refractive index n1.
  • This refractive index ring of the inner tube 2 serves, in particular, for guiding parasitic signal light to protect pump sources (not shown) in the signal fiber SF from the coupling region (end section 7 and taper section 6) and thus prevent the parasitic signal light from passing through the pump fibers PF gets into the pump sources.
  • the same function is achieved with the refractive index profile of FIG. 42.
  • the radial refractive index profile of a fiber to be spliced to the end 8 can be adjusted accordingly.
  • FIGS. 44 to 47 Various configurations of the receiving section 4 of the fiber coupler 1 are shown in FIGS. 44 to 47.
  • pump fibers PF and signal fiber SF each have their cladding PM or SM at the beginning of the receiving section 4.
  • FIG. 45 shows an example in which the subsequently tapered pump fibers PF terminate in the receiving section 4 and are connected to feed fibers PF ', which in turn comprise jackets PM'.
  • the pump fiber PF and feed fiber PF ' may be spliced.
  • At least a section MS of the pump fibers PF is designed as a so-called mode stripper S. This ensures that in an undesired manner from right to left in the direction of the pump sources (not shown) running light is coupled out of the material of the pump fibers, so that this does not continue and elsewhere leads to damage or impairment.
  • the fashion stripper acts on the guided in the jacket of glass material light pump fibers or inner fibers.
  • FIG. 47 shows an example in which the pump fibers PF no longer have a cladding PM, but only a fluorine-doped outer ring PR.
  • FIGS. 50 and 51 each show a fiber coupler blank 1 'which can be used to produce a fiber coupler according to the invention.
  • the pump fibers PF each have one
  • Rejuvenation regions VB of the pump fibers PF are preferably oriented so that they lie in the region of the tapering section to be formed, as shown in FIG. 51.
  • the taper of the outer tube can be made, for example, only by the action of heat. A pulling can be omitted. However, it is also possible to additionally perform a mechanical drawing.
  • the pump fibers may have a taper region VB.
  • the pump fibers PF and / or the signal fiber SF may be chamfered respectively at their front end with which they are introduced into the inner and outer tubes.
  • the front end may also be pointed or tapering itself.
  • the signal light is guided in the signal fiber SF in the direction of the taper of the tapering section 6.
  • the fiber coupler according to the invention so that the signal light is guided in the opposite direction. It is also possible that light is coupled into the pump fibers PF from the signal fiber SF and not, as described so far, from the pump fibers PF into the signal fiber SF.
  • the signal fiber SF ends in the end section 8 as a rule.
  • the fiber coupler 1 it is also possible to form the fiber coupler 1 according to the invention such that the signal fiber SF extends beyond the end portion 7 out.
  • the fiber coupler or its end 8 can not only be spliced to another fiber, as described so far, but also any other type of optical coupling is possible. In particular, a free jet coupling is possible. Further, the signal fiber may extend beyond the end portion 7.
  • the described pressurization for the production of the individual embodiments facilitate the manufacturing process.
  • an overpressure in the inner tube and / or between the inner and outer tubes to form the widening in the receiving section 4 can be used.
  • An overpressure in the inner tube can be used in the deformation of the pump fibers PF and optionally of the outer tube 3 for controlling the inner cross section of the inner tube 2.
  • Vacuum between the inner and outer tubes 2, 3 can for example be used to eliminate air pockets in the structure of Pumpfasern, outer tube and inner tube.
  • a collapse of the inner tube 2 and a fusion of this with the signal fiber SF can be achieved with moderate heat input into the inner tube 2.
  • signal fiber can be applied. The application of the negative pressure between inner tube 2 and signal fiber SF also allows the bridging of larger gaps and deviating geometry of signal fiber SF and inner tube 2.
  • the corresponding tube (inner or outer tube 2, 3) may be extended, so that the practical feasibility is facilitated.
  • the sheathing of the signal fiber SF, the pump fibers PF and optionally the feed fibers PF ' can be realized as a polymer sheath, acrylic sheath, nylon sheath, silicone sheath, as a sheath of glass material or as any combination of said materials.
  • the guidance of the light in the pump fibers PF can be achieved by the refractive index of the sheath, which is lower than the refractive index of the pump fibers (in the case of inner fibers of the pump core), or by enclosed cavities (also referred to as air clad, a so-called air shroud).
  • any polymer jacket of the signal fiber SF or the pump fibers PF is completely removed.
  • a signal fiber SF and / or pump body PF without or with only a thin sheath of glass material.
  • pump fibers PF in which not only any sheath is avoided in the later rejuvenation, but the pump fibers were previously already tapered.
  • the receiving section 4 can accommodate the pump fibers PF and the signal fiber SF with or without cladding PM, SM. In the tapered portion 6 and the end portion 7, any sheaths are preferably removed.
  • the receiving portion 4 can be sealed in the fiber coupler according to the invention, for example, to be able to build pressure differences in the manufacturing process and / or to avoid contamination in the interior of the structure during the manufacturing process or during the subsequent use of the fiber coupler according to the invention.
  • a so-called mode stripper can be used on or in the jacket of the supplied fibers (preferred pump fibers PF), which removes light from the jacket in a targeted manner and thus prevents damage by this light in the further course.
  • the fashion stripper is preferably arranged in the receiving section 4.
  • the receiving portion 4 may preferably be formed so that the guidance of the light in the pump fibers PF by total reflection in sections with completely removed sheath, but where no coupling into the inner tube 2, in the outer tube 3 or the carrier 10 is ensured by avoiding unwanted contact of the outer surfaces of the fibers with other components. The same applies to the signal fiber in sections with completely removed sheath. In the receiving section 4 then any unwanted contact with the inner tube is avoided.
  • the conformity of the cross-sectional geometry between inner tube 2 and signal fiber SF in the taper section 6 and end section 7 is particularly advantageous for the process of collapsing the inner tube 2 on the signal fiber SF.
  • a positive connection of the inner tube 2 with the pump fibers PF or a local fixation of the pump fibers PF relative to the inner tube 2 is advantageous because this favors the maintenance of the cross-sectional geometry of the inner tube 2 when fused with the outer fibers PF.
  • outer tube 3 or the structure 10 Through the outer tube 3 or the structure 10, a preparation of the end surfaces (breaking and / or polishing) is simplified and advantageously a better spliceability can be achieved.
  • the reduced refractive index in the outer tube 3 can be used to prevent or at least reduce the coupling over of the pumping light into the outer tube 3.
  • the brilliance of the pump light in the end section 7 can be improved.
  • outer tubes 3 of greater wall thickness can be used without loss of brilliance.
  • the outer part with a reduced refractive index can be made or a support 10 with an externally reduced refractive index can be used.
  • the outer tube 3 may be formed in the fiber coupler according to the invention so that it also leads light of the pump fibers PF.
  • the outer tube e.g. have a reduced refractive index. It is also possible to provide a suitable refractive index profile in the radial direction in the outer tube. Furthermore, the refractive index of the medium surrounding the outer tube M, as shown schematically in Fig. 48, can be selected accordingly.
  • the receiving portion 4 of the fiber coupler 1 according to the invention can for example be designed so that the leadership of the pump light in the pump fibers by total reflection in sections with completely reduced mantle, but in which no coupling takes place in the inner tube, in the outer tube or the carrier ensured by avoiding unwanted contact of the outer surface with other components.
  • the receiving portion or its open end can be encapsulated with respect to the outside, so that the risk of contamination is reduced.
  • the receiving section improves the mechanical stability of the fiber coupler, in particular when the fibers are taken up together with the jacket.
  • the entire structure of the fiber coupler can be simplified as a whole.
  • these advantages also apply to a receiving portion formed on the side of the end portion of the fiber coupler, as shown in e.g. in the embodiment of Fig. 11 is the case.
  • the signal fiber is preferably not tapered in the taper section, but at the same time a good fusion is achieved, without requiring a strong heating of the signal fiber is required. Thereby, the mode profile of the signal of the signal fiber can be maintained, whereby also the mode cross section can preferably be maintained.
  • the mode cross section in the coupler can be scaled and a mode field adaptation can be carried out.
  • the signal fiber of the fiber coupler may be composed of a plurality of single fibers coupled by splicing.
  • mode converters and / or filters in the signal fiber and / or the pump fibers is possible.
  • the fiber coupler according to the invention or the fiber coupler blank in the manufacturing method according to the invention is advantageously a centering of the Pump Inc. External fibers and ensuring the geometry achieved without complex auxiliary devices would be necessary.
  • the inner tube and / or the outer tube has a closed structure at least in the tapered section and optionally in the end section, since then pressure differences between inner and outer tube can be built up during manufacture, e.g. facilitate the collapse of the inner tube to the signal fiber.
  • the inner and / or outer tube are wholly or partially etched. This can bring advantages in the brilliance of the coupled pumping power with it.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un coupleur à fibre optique comprenant un tube intérieur (2), une fibre intérieure (SF) disposée dans le tube intérieur (2), et plusieurs fibres extérieures (PF) disposées autour de la fibre intérieure (SF). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le coupleur à fibre optique s'amincit en direction longitudinale de la fibre intérieure (SF), d'une section principale (5) à une section terminale (7), et en ce que la section intérieure du tube intérieur (2) correspond, le long de la section amincie (6) du coupleur à fibre optique (1), à la section transversale de la fibre intérieure (SF).
EP09735324A 2008-04-25 2009-04-09 Coupleur à fibre optique Withdrawn EP2281216A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008020828A DE102008020828A1 (de) 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 Faserkoppler
PCT/DE2009/000500 WO2009129774A2 (fr) 2008-04-25 2009-04-09 Coupleur à fibre optique

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EP2281216A2 true EP2281216A2 (fr) 2011-02-09

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US (1) US8787716B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2281216A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5575111B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102016667A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008020828A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009129774A2 (fr)

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EP2656129B1 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2019-05-01 Nufern Coupleurs optiques et leurs procédés de fabrication
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DE102012209630A1 (de) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Jenoptik Laser Gmbh Faserkoppler
CN103676004B (zh) * 2012-12-28 2016-08-17 清华大学 光纤分束装置
US9165186B1 (en) * 2014-05-30 2015-10-20 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Providing additional information for text in an image
US10156675B1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2018-12-18 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Method and apparatus for the modulation of pump absorption in a clad optical fiber that is used in lasers and amplifiers
CN105891951A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2016-08-24 中国兵器装备研究院 一种多芯合束器的模块化制作方法
EP3096420A1 (fr) 2015-05-19 2016-11-23 Bystronic Laser AG Dispositif laser dans une réalisation à base de fibre et dispositif de traitement au laser
GB2540432A (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-18 Spi Lasers Uk Ltd Apparatus for combining optical radiation
WO2018062484A1 (fr) * 2016-09-29 2018-04-05 古河電気工業株式会社 Structure de couplage optique et module optique
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CN109061801B (zh) * 2018-10-12 2024-02-20 广东国志激光技术有限公司 一种高功率信号合束器及其制作方法

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WO2009129774A2 (fr) 2009-10-29
US8787716B2 (en) 2014-07-22
CN102016667A (zh) 2011-04-13
DE102008020828A1 (de) 2009-10-29
WO2009129774A3 (fr) 2009-12-17
JP2011519059A (ja) 2011-06-30
US20110123155A1 (en) 2011-05-26
JP5575111B2 (ja) 2014-08-20

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